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Chen J, Yuan Z, Tu Y, Hu W, Xie C, Ye L. Experimental and computational models to investigate intestinal drug permeability and metabolism. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:25-45. [PMID: 36779684 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2180454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration is the preferred route for drug administration that leads to better therapy compliance. The intestine plays a key role in the absorption and metabolism of oral drugs, therefore, new intestinal models are being continuously proposed, which contribute to the study of intestinal physiology, drug screening, drug side effects, and drug-drug interactions.Advances in pharmaceutical processes have produced more drug formulations, causing challenges for intestinal models. To adapt to the rapid evolution of pharmaceuticals, more intestinal models have been created. However, because of the complexity of the intestine, few models can take all aspects of the intestine into account, and some functions must be sacrificed to investigate other areas. Therefore, investigators need to choose appropriate models according to the experimental stage and other requirements to obtain the desired results.To help researchers achieve this goal, this review summarised the advantages and disadvantages of current commonly used intestinal models and discusses possible future directions, providing a better understanding of intestinal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Chen
- Institute of Scientific Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Yuan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Tu
- Boehringer-Ingelheim, Connecticut, P.R. USA
| | - Wanyu Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cong Xie
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ye
- TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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2
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Transplacental Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Pregnant Women with Fetal Tachyarrhythmia Using HPLC-MS/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031848. [PMID: 36768172 PMCID: PMC9916042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal arrhythmia develops in 0.1-5% of pregnancies and may cause fetal heart failure and fetal hydrops, thus increasing fetal, neonatal, and infant mortality. The timely initiation of transplacental antiarrhythmic therapy (ART) promotes the conversion of fetal tachycardia to sinus rhythm and the regression of the concomitant non-immune fetal hydrops. The optimal treatment regimen search for the fetus with tachyarrhythmia is still of high value. Polymorphisms of these genes determines the individual features of the drug pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to study the pharmacokinetics of transplacental anti-arrhythmic drugs in the fetal therapy of arrhythmias using HPLC-MS/MS, as well as to assess the effect of the multidrug-resistance gene ABCB1 3435C > T polymorphism on the efficacy and maternal/fetal complications of digoxin treatment. The predisposition to a decrease in the bioavailability of the digoxin in patients with a homozygous variant of the CC polymorphism showed a probable association with the development of ART side effects. A pronounced decrease in heart rate in women with the 3435TT allele of the ABCB1 gene was found. The homozygous TT variant in the fetus showed a probable association with an earlier response to ART and rhythm disruptions on the digoxin dosage reduction. high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) methods for digoxin and sotalol therapeutic drug monitoring in blood plasma, amniotic fluid, and urine were developed. The digoxin and sotalol concentrations were determined in the plasma blood, urine, and amniotic fluid of 30 pregnant women at four time points (from the beginning of the transplacental antiarrhythmic therapy to delivery) and the plasma cord blood of 30 newborns. A high degree of correlation between the level of digoxin and sotalol in maternal and cord blood was found. The ratio of digoxin and sotalol in cord blood to maternal blood was 0.35 (0.27 and 0.46) and 1.0 (0.97 and 1.07), accordingly. The digoxin concentration in the blood of the fetus at the moment of the first rhythm recovery episode, 0.58 (0.46, 0.8) ng/mL, was below the therapeutic interval. This confirms the almost complete transplacental transfer of sotalol and the significant limitation in the case of digoxin. Previously, ABCB1/P-glycoprotein had been shown to limit fetal exposure to drugs. Further studies (including multicenter ones) to clarify the genetic features of the transplacental pharmacokinetics of antiarrhythmic drugs are needed.
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Nicolicht-Amorim P, Delgado-Garcia LM, Nakamura TKE, Courbassier NR, Mosini AC, Porcionatto MA. Simple and efficient protocol to isolate and culture brain microvascular endothelial cells from newborn mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:949412. [PMID: 36313615 PMCID: PMC9606660 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.949412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a multicellular structure comprising of neurons, glial cells, and non-neural cells, and it is supported by a specialized extracellular matrix, the basal lamina. Astrocytes, brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), pericytes, and smooth muscle cells constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BMECs have a mesodermal origin and invade the nervous system early in neural tube development, forming the BBB anatomical core. BMECs are connected by adherent junction complexes composed of integral membrane and cytoplasmic proteins. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that, given the proximity and relationship with neural cells, BMECs acquire a unique gene expression profile, proteome, and specific mechanical and physical properties compared to endothelial cells from the general vasculature. BMECs are fundamental in maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating transcellular and paracellular transport of fluids, molecules, and cells. Therefore, it is essential to gain in-depth knowledge of the dynamic cellular structure of the cells in the NVU and their interactions with health and disease. Here we describe a significantly improved and simplified protocol using C57BL/6 newborn mice at postnatal day 1 (PND1) to isolate, purify, and culture BMECs monolayers in two different substrates (glass coverslips and transwell culture inserts). In vitro characterization and validation of the BMEC primary culture monolayers seeded on glass or insert included light microscopy, immunolabeling, and gene expression profile. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement and diffusion test were used as functional assays for adherent junction complexes and integrity and permeability of BMECs monolayers. The protocol presented here for the isolation and culture of BMECs is more straightforward than previously published protocols and yields a high number of purified cells. Finally, we tested BMECs function using the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model of hypoxia. This protocol may be suitable as a bioscaffold for secondary cell seeding allowing the study and better understanding of the NVU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Nicolicht-Amorim
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lina M. Delgado-Garcia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Rodrigues Courbassier
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Mosini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marimelia A. Porcionatto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Drag M, Tielemans E, Mitchell E. Safety of oral afoxolaner formulated with or without milbemycin oxime in homozygous MDR1-deficient collie dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:373-379. [PMID: 35536118 PMCID: PMC9543253 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Afoxolaner, an insecticide and acaricide compound of the isoxazoline class, is available for dogs as an oral ectoparasiticide medicine (NexGard®) and as an oral endectoparasiticide medicine in combination with milbemycin oxime (MO), a macrocyclic lactone (NexGard® Spectra). The safety of these two compounds, alone or in combination, was investigated in homozygous MDR1‐deficient collie dogs, in two studies. Overall, 30 adult collie dogs were treated once orally, 9 with a placebo, 9 with afoxolaner, 6 with MO, and 6 with a combination of afoxolaner and MO. For afoxolaner, the mean investigated dosage corresponded to 3.8 and 4.7 multiples of the maximum recommended therapeutic doses (RTD) in NexGard® and NexGard® Spectra, respectively. For MO, the mean investigated dosage corresponded to 4.7 multiples of the maximum RTD in NexGard® Spectra. Dogs were closely monitored for adverse reactions on the day of treatment and for the following two days. No significant adverse reaction was observed in any dog from the afoxolaner or the afoxolaner + MO groups; in the MO‐only treated group, mild and transient neurological signs were observed during the 4–8 h post‐treatment window. These studies demonstrated a high level of safety of oral afoxolaner, alone or in combination with milbemycin oxime, in homozygous MDR1‐deficient dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Drag
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Missouri Research Center, Fulton, Missouri, USA
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5
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Carmichael N, Day PJR. Cell Surface Transporters and Novel Drug Developments. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:852938. [PMID: 35350751 PMCID: PMC8957865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.852938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the numerous scientific and technological advances made within the last decade the attrition rates for new drug discovery remain as high as 95% for anticancer drugs. Recent drug development has been in part guided by Lipinski's Rule of 5 (Ro5) even though many approved drugs do not comply to these rules. With Covid-19 vaccine development strategy dramatically accelerating drug development perhaps it is timely to question the generic drug development process itself to find a more efficient, cost effective, and successful approach. It is widely believed that drugs permeate cells via two methods: phospholipid bilayer diffusion and carrier mediated transporters. However, emerging evidence suggests that carrier mediated transport may be the primary mechanism of drug uptake and not diffusion as long believed. Computational biology increasingly assists drug design to achieve desirable absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) properties. Perfecting drug entry into target cells as a prerequisite to intracellular drug action is a logical and compelling route and is expected to reduce drug attrition rates, particularly gaining favour amongst chronic lifelong therapeutics. Novel drug development is rapidly expanding from the utilisation of beyond the rule of five (bRo5) to pulsatile drug delivery systems and fragment based drug design. Utilising transporters as drug targets and advocating bRo5 molecules may be the solution to increasing drug specificity, reducing dosage and toxicity and thus revolutionising drug development. This review explores the development of cell surface transporter exploitation in drug development and the relationship with improved therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Carmichael
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. R. Day
- School of Biological Sciences and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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6
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Lazertinib improves the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in ABCB1 or ABCG2 overexpression cancer cells in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:636-649. [PMID: 35284628 PMCID: PMC8897717 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major cause of chemotherapy failure, which is usually caused by the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCB1 and ABCG2. To date, no MDR modulator has been clinically approved. Here, we found that lazertinib (YH25448; a novel third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor [TKI]) could enhance the anticancer efficacy of MDR transporter substrate anticancer drugs in vitro,in vivo, and ex vivo. Mechanistically, lazertinib was shown to inhibit the drug efflux activities of ABCB1 and ABCG2 and thus increase the intracellular accumulation of the transporter substrate anticancer drug. Moreover, lazertinib was found to stimulate the ATPase activity of ABCB1/ABCG2 and inhibit the photolabeling of the transporters by 125I-iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP). However, lazertinib neither changed the expression or locolization of ABCB1 and ABCG2 nor blocked the signal pathway of Akt or Erk1/2 at a drug concentration effective for MDR reversal. Overall, our results demonstrate that lazertinib effectively reverses ABCB1- or ABCG2-mediated MDR by competitively binding to the ATP-binding site and inhibiting drug efflux function. This is the first report demonstrating the novel combined use of lazertinib and conventional chemotherapeutical drugs to overcome MDR in ABCB1/ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells.
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Goebel J, Chmielewski J, Hrycyna CA. The roles of the human ATP-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein and ABCG2 in multidrug resistance in cancer and at endogenous sites: future opportunities for structure-based drug design of inhibitors. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:784-804. [PMID: 34993424 PMCID: PMC8730335 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ABCG2 are multidrug transporters that confer drug resistance to numerous anti-cancer therapeutics in cell culture. These findings initially created great excitement in the medical oncology community, as inhibitors of these transporters held the promise of overcoming clinical multidrug resistance in cancer patients. However, clinical trials of P-gp and ABCG2 inhibitors in combination with cancer chemotherapeutics have not been successful due, in part, to flawed clinical trial designs resulting from an incomplete molecular understanding of the multifactorial basis of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the cancers examined. The field was also stymied by the lack of high-resolution structural information for P-gp and ABCG2 for use in the rational structure-based drug design of inhibitors. Recent advances in structural biology have led to numerous structures of both ABCG2 and P-gp that elucidated more clearly the mechanism of transport and the polyspecific nature of their substrate and inhibitor binding sites. These data should prove useful helpful for developing even more potent and specific inhibitors of both transporters. As such, although possible pharmacokinetic interactions would need to be evaluated, these inhibitors may show greater effectiveness in overcoming ABC-dependent multidrug resistance in combination with chemotherapeutics in carefully selected subsets of cancers. Another perhaps even more compelling use of these inhibitors may be in reversibly inhibiting endogenously expressed P-gp and ABCG2, which serve a protective role at various blood-tissue barriers. Inhibition of these transporters at sanctuary sites such as the brain and gut could lead to increased penetration by chemotherapeutics used to treat brain cancers or other brain disorders and increased oral bioavailability of these agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Goebel
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jean Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Zulhendri F, Felitti R, Fearnley J, Ravalia M. The use of propolis in dentistry, oral health, and medicine: A review. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:23-34. [PMID: 33465498 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis is a resinous product that is collected from plants by bees to cover holes and crevices in their hives. Propolis has potent antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and anticancer properties. Propolis has been used therapeutically by humans for centuries, including the treatment of dental caries and mouth infections. HIGHLIGHT This review article attempts to analyze the potential use of propolis in general dentistry and oral health management. CONCLUSION Propolis is potentially useful in dentistry and oral health management based on available in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies, as well as human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Felitti
- Oral Rehabilitation and Prosthodontics, Private Practice, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - James Fearnley
- Apiceutical Research Centre, NorthYorkshire, United Kingdom.
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Fischer H, Senn C, Ullah M, Cantrill C, Schuler F, Yu L. Calculation of an Apical Efflux Ratio from P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) In Vitro Transport Experiments Shows an Improved Correlation with In Vivo Cerebrospinal Fluid Measurements in Rats: Impact on P-gp Screening and Compound Optimization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:322-329. [PMID: 33288523 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a major blood-brain barrier (BBB) efflux transporter. In vitro approaches, including bidirectional efflux ratio (ER), are used to measure P-gp-mediated transport, but findings can be inconsistent across models. We propose a novel, more physiologically relevant, in vitro model: unidirectional apical efflux ratio (AP-ER)-a ratio of permeability rates at the apical side of the BBB with and without P-gp inhibitor. To test our approach, ER and AP-ER were calculated for 3227 structurally diverse compounds in porcine kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) overexpressing human or mouse P-gp and classified based on their passive transcellular P-gp permeability or charged properties. In vivo rat infusion studies were performed for selected compounds with high ER but low AP-ER. One-third of the 3227 compounds had bidirectional ER that was much higher than AP-ER; very few had AP-ER higher than ER. Compounds with a large difference between AP-ER and ER were typically basic compounds with low-to-medium passive permeability and high lipophilicity and/or amphiphilicity, leading to strong membrane binding. Outcomes in the human model were similar to those in mice, suggesting AP-ER/ER ratios may be conserved for at least two species. AP-ER predicted measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration better than ER for the five compounds tested in our in vivo rat infusion studies. We report superior estimations of the CSF concentrations of the compounds when based on less resource-intensive AP-ER versus classic ER. Better understanding of the properties leading to high P-gp-mediated efflux in vivo could support more efficient brain-penetrant compound screening and optimization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: To address inconsistencies associated with the historical, bidirectional efflux ratio (ER) calculation of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport, we propose to use the novel, more physiologically relevant, unidirectional apical efflux ratio (AP-ER) model. In vitro experiments suggested that compounds with strong membrane binding showed the largest difference between AP-ER and ER, and in vivo infusion studies showed that AP-ER predicted cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of compounds better than ER; outcomes in the human model were similar to those in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Fischer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, DMPK/PD project leader (H.F.), Comparative Pharmacology (C.S.), Investigative Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.U., C.C.), and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology (F.S.), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland; and Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Translational and Clinical Research Center, Inc., and LIYU Pharmaceutical Consulting LCC, New Jersey, USA (L.Y.)
| | - Claudia Senn
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, DMPK/PD project leader (H.F.), Comparative Pharmacology (C.S.), Investigative Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.U., C.C.), and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology (F.S.), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland; and Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Translational and Clinical Research Center, Inc., and LIYU Pharmaceutical Consulting LCC, New Jersey, USA (L.Y.)
| | - Mohammed Ullah
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, DMPK/PD project leader (H.F.), Comparative Pharmacology (C.S.), Investigative Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.U., C.C.), and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology (F.S.), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland; and Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Translational and Clinical Research Center, Inc., and LIYU Pharmaceutical Consulting LCC, New Jersey, USA (L.Y.)
| | - Carina Cantrill
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, DMPK/PD project leader (H.F.), Comparative Pharmacology (C.S.), Investigative Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.U., C.C.), and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology (F.S.), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland; and Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Translational and Clinical Research Center, Inc., and LIYU Pharmaceutical Consulting LCC, New Jersey, USA (L.Y.)
| | - Franz Schuler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, DMPK/PD project leader (H.F.), Comparative Pharmacology (C.S.), Investigative Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.U., C.C.), and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology (F.S.), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland; and Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Translational and Clinical Research Center, Inc., and LIYU Pharmaceutical Consulting LCC, New Jersey, USA (L.Y.)
| | - Li Yu
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, DMPK/PD project leader (H.F.), Comparative Pharmacology (C.S.), Investigative Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.U., C.C.), and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology (F.S.), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland; and Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Translational and Clinical Research Center, Inc., and LIYU Pharmaceutical Consulting LCC, New Jersey, USA (L.Y.)
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Riou M, Guégnard F, Le Vern Y, Grasseau I, Koch C, Blesbois E, Kerboeuf D. Effects of cholesterol content on activity of P-glycoproteins and membrane physical state, and consequences for anthelmintic resistance in the nematode Haemonchus contortus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:3. [PMID: 31934848 PMCID: PMC6959138 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryote plasma membranes protect cells from chemical attack. Xenobiotics, taken up through passive diffusion, accumulate in the membranes, where they are captured by transporters, among which P-glycoproteins (Pgps). In nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus, eggshells and cuticles provide additional protective barriers against xenobiotics. Little is known about the role of these structures in the transport of chemical molecules. Pgps, members of the ABC transporter family, are present in eggshells and cuticles. Changes in the activity of these proteins have also been correlated with alterations in lipids, such as cholesterol content, in eggshells. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We show here that an experimental decrease in the cholesterol content of eggshells of Haemonchus contortus, with Methyl-beta-CycloDextrin (MβCD), results in an increase in membrane fluidity, favouring Pgp activity and leading to an increase in resistance to anthelmintics. This effect is modulated by the initial degree of anthelminthic resistance of the eggs. These results suggest that eggshell fluidity plays a major role in the modulation of Pgp activity. They confirm that Pgp activity is highly influenced by the local microenvironment, in particular sterols, as observed in some vertebrate models. Thus, eggshell barriers could play an active role in the transport of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Riou
- INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme d'infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France - INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Guégnard
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Grasseau
- INRAE, CNRS, HARAS NATIONAUX, IFCE, Université de Tours, UMR-0085 PRC Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christine Koch
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Elisabeth Blesbois
- INRAE, CNRS, HARAS NATIONAUX, IFCE, Université de Tours, UMR-0085 PRC Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Dominique Kerboeuf
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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11
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Validation of Human MDR1-MDCK and BCRP-MDCK Cell Lines to Improve the Prediction of Brain Penetration. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2476-2483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Shi P, Liao M, Chuang BC, Griffin R, Shi J, Hyer M, Fallon JK, Smith PC, Li C, Xia CQ. Efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein dominantly expresses on the membrane of red blood cells, hinders partitioning of its substrates into the cells, and alters drug-drug interaction profiles. Xenobiotica 2018; 48:1173-1183. [PMID: 29098941 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1397812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
1. Red blood cell (RBC) partitioning is important in determining pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a compound; however, active transport across RBC membranes is not well understood, particularly without transporter-related cell membrane proteomics data. 2. In this study, we quantified breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/Bcrp) and MDR1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) protein expression in RBCs from humans, monkeys, dogs, rats and mice using nanoLC/MS/MS, and evaluated their effect on RBC partitioning and plasma exposure of their substrates. BCRP-specific substrate Cpd-1 and MDR1-specific substrate Cpd-2 were characterized using Caco-2 Transwell® system and then administered to Bcrp or P-gp knockout mice. 3. The quantification revealed BCRP/Bcrp but not MDR1/P-gp to be highly expressed on RBC membranes. The knockout mouse study indicated BCRP/Bcrp pumps the substrate out of RBCs, lowering its partitioning and thus preventing binding to intracellular targets. This result was supported by a Cpd-1 and Bcrp inhibitor ML753286 drug-drug interaction (DDI) study in mice. Because of enhanced partitioning of Cpd-1 into RBCs after BCRP/Bcrp inhibition, Cpd-1 plasma concentration changed much less extent with genetic or chemical knockout of Bcrp albeit marked blood concentration increase, suggesting less DDI effect. 4. This finding is fundamentally meaningful to RBC partitioning, pharmacokinetics and DDI studies of BCRP-specific substrates.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Caco-2 Cells
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Drug Interactions
- Erythrocyte Membrane/drug effects
- Erythrocyte Membrane/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Shi
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co , 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Mingxiang Liao
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co , 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Bei-Ching Chuang
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co , 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Robert Griffin
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co , 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Judy Shi
- b Cancer Pharmacology, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co , 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA , USA , and
| | - Marc Hyer
- b Cancer Pharmacology, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co , 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA , USA , and
| | - John K Fallon
- c Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Philip C Smith
- c Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Chao Li
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co , 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Cindy Q Xia
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co , 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA , USA
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13
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Berveiller P, Mir O, Degrelle SA, Tsatsaris V, Selleret L, Guibourdenche J, Evain-Brion D, Fournier T, Gil S. Chemotherapy in pregnancy: exploratory study of the effects of paclitaxel on the expression of placental drug transporters. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:1075-1085. [PMID: 30367323 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The use of paclitaxel in pregnant cancer patients is feasible in terms of fetal safety, but little is known about the effects of paclitaxel on the placenta. Using three experimental models, we aimed to assess the effects of paclitaxel on the expression of placental drug transporters. Methods In the in vitro model (human primary trophoblast culture), trophoblasts were isolated from normal term placentas and subsequently exposed to paclitaxel. The transcriptional regulation of 84 genes encoding for drug transporters, and the protein expression of ABCB1/P-gp and ABCG2/BCRP were assessed. In the in vivo model, placental tissues isolated from pregnant cancer patients treated with paclitaxel were analyzed to assess the protein expression of ABCB1/P-gp and ABCG2/BCRP. The same parameters were assessed in extracts from human placental cotyledons perfused ex vivo with paclitaxel. Results In the in vitro model, the expression of twelve drug-transporters genes was found to be significantly down-regulated after exposure to paclitaxel, including ABCC10, SLC28A3, SLC29A2, and ATP7B (involved in the transport of taxanes, antimetabolites, and cisplatin, respectively). The protein expression of ABCB1/P-gp increased by 1.3-fold after paclitaxel administration. Finally, the protein expression of ABCB1/P-gp and ABCG2/BCRP was higher in cotyledons from mothers treated with multiple doses of paclitaxel during pregnancy than in cotyledons perfused with a single dose of paclitaxel. Discussion Paclitaxel modulates the expression of placental drug transporters involved in the disposition of various anticancer agents. Further studies will be needed to assess the impact of repeated or prolonged exposure to paclitaxel on the expression and function of placental drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Berveiller
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy Saint Germain, 10, rue du champ Gaillard, F78300, Poissy, France.
| | - Olivier Mir
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Séverine A Degrelle
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Obstetrics, Port-Royal Maternity, Cochin Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Lise Selleret
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tenon Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- Department of Hormonal Biology, Cochin Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Danièle Evain-Brion
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Gil
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
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14
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Abcb1a but not Abcg2 played a predominant role in limiting the brain distribution of Huperzine A in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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McInerney MP, Short JL, Nicolazzo JA. Neurovascular Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease: Transporter Expression Profiles and CNS Drug Access. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:940-956. [PMID: 28462473 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite a century of steady and incremental progress toward understanding the underlying biochemical mechanisms, Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a complicated and enigmatic disease, and greater insight will be necessary before substantive clinical success is realised. Over the last decade in particular, a large body of work has highlighted the cerebral microvasculature as an anatomical region with an increasingly apparent role in the pathogenesis of AD. The causative interplay and temporal cascade that manifest between the brain vasculature and the wider disease progression of AD are not yet fully understood, and further inquiry is required to properly characterise these relationships. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advancements in research implicating neurovascular factors in AD, at both the molecular and anatomical levels. We begin with a brief introduction of the biochemical and genetic aspects of AD, before reviewing the essential concepts of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the neurovascular unit (NVU). In detail, we then examine the evidence demonstrating involvement of BBB dysfunction in AD pathogenesis, highlighting the importance of neurovascular components in AD. Lastly, we include within this review research that focuses on how altered properties of the BBB in AD impact upon CNS exposure of therapeutic agents and the potential clinical impact that this may have on people with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P McInerney
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Short
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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16
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Ogushi N, Sasaki K, Shimoda M. CAN a P-gp modulator assist in the control of methotrexate concentrations in the rat brain? -inhibitory effects of rhodamine 123, a specific substrate for P-gp, on methotrexate excretion from the rat brain and its optimal route of administration. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:320-327. [PMID: 27916761 PMCID: PMC5326937 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although methotrexate (MTX) is mainly transported by reduced folate carrier, P-gp and
MRP1 may also be involved in its transport. In our previous study, a potent P-gp and MRP1
modulator, Cyclosporine A, potentiated MTX concentration in rat brain. Since it is
important for MTX therapy for brain tumor to clarify which transporter is dominant, we
herein determined whether the specific P-gp substrate, rhodamine123 (Rho123), potentiates
the transport and retention of MTX in the brain. Rho123 was injected intravenously or
intrathecally into rats immediately after injection of MTX. 6 or 12 hr after the MTX
injection, brains were isolated just after the sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Blood was also collected intermittently. MTX concentrations were determined in plasma, CSF
and the brain using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. When MTX was
intravenously injected, Rho123 didn’t affect MTX concentrations in the brain. However,
Rho123 resulted in significantly higher MTX concentrations in the brain at 12 hr after
injection when MTX was intrathecally injected. It is suggested that Rho123 inhibits the
excretion of MTX from the brain, but does not potentiate its distribution from the blood
into the brain. This reveals that P-gp can be one of the major transporters of MTX in rat
brain. Therefore, treatments with P-gp modulators may contribute to intrathecal MTX
therapy for brain tumor. Since plasma concentration-time curves of MTX were not affected
by Rho123, treatments with P-gp modulators may not potentiate the adverse effects of
MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Ogushi
- The Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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17
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Zhang XY, Zhang YK, Wang YJ, Gupta P, Zeng L, Xu M, Wang XQ, Yang DH, Chen ZS. Osimertinib (AZD9291), a Mutant-Selective EGFR Inhibitor, Reverses ABCB1-Mediated Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091236. [PMID: 27649127 PMCID: PMC6273565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been shown capable of inhibiting the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). In this study, we determine whether osimertinib, a novel selective, irreversible EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) TKI, could reverse ABC transporter-mediated MDR. The results showed that, at non-toxic concentrations, osimertinib significantly sensitized both ABCB1-transfected and drug-selected cell lines to substrate anticancer drugs colchicine, paclitaxel, and vincristine. Osimertinib significantly increased the accumulation of [3H]-paclitaxel in ABCB1 overexpressing cells by blocking the efflux function of ABCB1 transporter. In contrast, no significant alteration in the expression levels and localization pattern of ABCB1 was observed when ABCB1 overexpressing cells were exposed to 0.3 µM osimertinib for 72 h. In addition, ATPase assay showed osimertinib stimulated ABCB1 ATPase activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations showed osimertinib has strong and stable interactions at the transmembrane domain of human homology ABCB1. Taken together, our findings suggest that osimertinib, a clinically-approved third-generation EGFR TKI, can reverse ABCB1-mediated MDR, which supports the combination therapy with osimertinib and ABCB1 substrates may potentially be a novel therapeutic stategy in ABCB1-positive drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Leli Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Megan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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18
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Brzozowska N, Li KM, Wang XS, Booth J, Stuart J, McGregor IS, Arnold JC. ABC transporters P-gp and Bcrp do not limit the brain uptake of the novel antipsychotic and anticonvulsant drug cannabidiol in mice. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2081. [PMID: 27257556 PMCID: PMC4888295 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is currently being investigated as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of CNS disorders like schizophrenia and epilepsy. ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) mediate pharmacoresistance in these disorders. P-gp and Bcrp are expressed at the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reduce the brain uptake of substrate drugs including various antipsychotics and anticonvulsants. It is therefore important to assess whether CBD is prone to treatment resistance mediated by P-gp and Bcrp. Moreover, it has become common practice in the drug development of CNS agents to screen against ABC transporters to help isolate lead compounds with optimal pharmacokinetic properties. The current study aimed to assess whether P-gp and Bcrp impacts the brain transport of CBD by comparing CBD tissue concentrations in wild-type (WT) mice versus mice devoid of ABC transporter genes. P-gp knockout (Abcb1a/b (-∕-)), Bcrp knockout (Abcg2 (-∕-)), combined P-gp/Bcrp knockout (Abcb1a/b (-∕-) Abcg2 (-∕-)) and WT mice were injected with CBD, before brain and plasma samples were collected at various time-points. CBD results were compared with the positive control risperidone and 9-hydroxy risperidone, antipsychotic drugs that are established ABC transporter substrates. Brain and plasma concentrations of CBD were not greater in P-gp, Bcrp or P-gp/Bcrp knockout mice than WT mice. In comparison, the brain/plasma concentration ratios of risperidone and 9-hydroxy risperidone were profoundly higher in P-gp knockout mice than WT mice. These results suggest that CBD is not a substrate of P-gp or Bcrp and may be free from the complication of reduced brain uptake by these transporters. Such findings provide favorable evidence for the therapeutic development of CBD in the treatment of various CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Brzozowska
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Kong M Li
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Xiao Suo Wang
- Bosch Mass Spectrometry Facility, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Jessica Booth
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Jordyn Stuart
- The Lambert Initiative of Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Psychopharmacology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iain S McGregor
- The Lambert Initiative of Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Psychopharmacology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Lambert Initiative of Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Lanusse CE, Alvarez LI, Lifschitz AL. Gaining Insights Into the Pharmacology of Anthelmintics Using Haemonchus contortus as a Model Nematode. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:465-518. [PMID: 27238011 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Progress made in understanding pharmacokinetic behaviour and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of drug action/resistance has allowed deep insights into the pharmacology of the main chemical classes, including some of the few recently discovered anthelmintics. The integration of pharmaco-parasitological research approaches has contributed considerably to the optimization of drug activity, which is relevant to preserve existing and novel active compounds for parasite control in livestock. A remarkable amount of pharmacology-based knowledge has been generated using the sheep abomasal nematode Haemonchus contortus as a model. Relevant fundamental information on the relationship among drug influx/efflux balance (accumulation), biotransformation/detoxification and pharmacological effects in parasitic nematodes for the most traditional anthelmintic chemical families has been obtained by exploiting the advantages of working with H. contortus under in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental conditions. The scientific contributions to the pharmacology of anthelmintic drugs based on the use of H. contortus as a model nematode are summarized in the present chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - L I Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - A L Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
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20
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Wang YJ, Huang Y, Anreddy N, Zhang GN, Zhang YK, Xie M, Lin D, Yang DH, Zhang M, Chen ZS. Tea nanoparticle, a safe and biocompatible nanocarrier, greatly potentiates the anticancer activity of doxorubicin. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5877-91. [PMID: 26716507 PMCID: PMC4868728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An infusion-dialysis based procedure has been developed as an approach to isolate organic nanoparticles from green tea. Tea nanoparticle (TNP) can effectively load doxorubicin (DOX) via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. We established an ABCB1 overexpressing tumor xenograft mouse model to investigate whether TNP can effectively deliver DOX into tumors and bypass the efflux function of the ABCB1 transporter, thereby increasing the intratumoral accumulation of DOX and potentiating the anticancer activity of DOX. MTT assays suggested that DOX-TNP showed higher cytotoxicity toward CCD-18Co, SW620 and SW620/Ad300 cells than DOX. Animal study revealed that DOX-TNP resulted in greater inhibitory effects on the growth of SW620 and SW620/Ad300 tumors than DOX. In pharmacokinetics study, DOX-TNP greatly increased the SW620 and SW620/Ad300 intratumoral concentrations of DOX. But DOX-TNP had no effect on the plasma concentrations of DOX. Furthermore, TNP is a safe nanocarrier with excellent biocompatibility and minimal toxicity. Ex vivo IHC analysis of SW620 and SW620/Ad300 tumor sections revealed evidence of prominent antitumor activity of DOX-TNP. In conclusion, our findings suggested that natural nanomaterials could be useful in combating multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells and potentiating the anticancer activity of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yujian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nagaraju Anreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Guan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Meina Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Derrick Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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21
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Bloise E, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Reis FM, Lye SJ, Gibb W, Matthews SG. ATP-binding cassette transporters in reproduction: a new frontier. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 22:164-81. [PMID: 26545808 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmembrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters actively efflux an array of clinically relevant compounds across biological barriers, and modulate biodistribution of many physiological and pharmacological factors. To date, over 48 ABC transporters have been identified and shown to be directly and indirectly involved in peri-implantation events and fetal/placental development. They efflux cholesterol, steroid hormones, vitamins, cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, diverse xenobiotics and environmental toxins, playing a critical role in regulating drug disposition, immunological responses and lipid trafficking, as well as preventing fetal accumulation of drugs and environmental toxins. METHODS This review examines ABC transporters as important mediators of placental barrier functions and key reproductive processes. Expression, localization and function of all identified ABC transporters were systematically reviewed using PubMed and Google Scholar websites to identify relevant studies examining ABC transporters in reproductive tissues in physiological and pathophysiological states. Only reports written in English were incorporated with no restriction on year of publication. While a major focus has been placed on the human, extensive evidence from animal studies is utilized to describe current understanding of the regulation and function of ABC transporters relevant to human reproduction. RESULTS ABC transporters are modulators of steroidogenesis, fertilization, implantation, nutrient transport and immunological responses, and function as 'gatekeepers' at various barrier sites (i.e. blood-testes barrier and placenta) against potentially harmful xenobiotic factors, including drugs and environmental toxins. These roles appear to be species dependent and change as a function of gestation and development. The best-described ABC transporters in reproductive tissues (primarily in the placenta) are the multidrug transporters p-glycoprotein and breast cancer-related protein, the multidrug resistance proteins 1 through 5 and the cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. CONCLUSIONS The ABC transporters have various roles across multiple reproductive tissues. Knowledge of efflux direction, tissue distribution, substrate specificity and regulation of the ABC transporters in the placenta and other reproductive tissues is rapidly expanding. This will allow better understanding of the disposition of specific substrates within reproductive tissues, and facilitate development of novel treatments for reproductive disorders as well as improved approaches to protecting the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bloise
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F M Reis
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S J Lye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 Department Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Gibb
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 Department Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Ek CJ, D'Angelo B, Lehner C, Nathanielsz P, Li C, Mallard C. Expression of tight junction proteins and transporters for xenobiotic metabolism at the blood-CSF barrier during development in the nonhuman primate (P. hamadryas). Reprod Toxicol 2015; 56:32-44. [PMID: 26092209 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is rich in barrier mechanisms including transporters and enzymes which can influence drug disposition between blood and brain. We have limited knowledge of their state in fetus. We have studied barrier mechanisms along with metabolism and transporters influencing xenobiotics, using RNAseq and protein analysis, in the CP during the second-half of gestation in a nonhuman primate (Papio hamadryas). There were no differences in the expression of the tight-junctions at the CP suggesting a well-formed fetal blood-CSF barrier during this period of gestation. Further, the fetal CP express many enzymes for phase I-III metabolisms as well as transporters suggesting that it can greatly influence drug disposition and has a significant machinery to deactivate reactive molecules with only minor gestational changes. In summary, the study suggests that from, at least, midgestation, the CP in the nonhuman primate is restrictive and express most known genes associated with barrier function and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joakim Ek
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Barbara D'Angelo
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Pregnancy and Life Course Health Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Chae SW, Woo S, Park JH, Kwon Y, Na Y, Lee HJ. Xanthone analogues as potent modulators of intestinal P-glycoprotein. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:237-45. [PMID: 25686592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a limiting step for oral absorption of drugs. Therefore, P-gp inhibitors have been studied as enhancers of oral absorption of drugs that are P-gp substrates. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo P-gp inhibitory activity of synthesized xanthone analogues. With 3-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-1-hydroxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one, compound 13, accumulation of daunomycin (DNM) increased 707% and efflux of DNM decreased 66% compared to DNM alone. Relative bioavailability (RB) of paclitaxel (PTX, 25 mg/kg) increased 2.5-fold after oral administration with 13 (5 mg/kg). In a xenograft animal model, oral administration of PTX (40 mg/kg) with 13 (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumour growth and was more effective than intravenously administered PTX (10 mg/kg) alone. Therefore, the synthesized xanthone analogue 13 might have therapeutic benefits for oral absorption of P-gp substrate anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wha Chae
- College of Pharmacy (Global Top 5 Research Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Woo
- Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd, 618-3 Sinjeong-ri, Yeongigun, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy (Global Top 5 Research Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy (Global Top 5 Research Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon 487-010, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy (Global Top 5 Research Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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Sharma V, Sivapackiam J, Harpstrite SE, Prior JL, Gu H, Rath NP, Piwnica-Worms D. A generator-produced gallium-68 radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of myocardial perfusion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109361. [PMID: 25353349 PMCID: PMC4212944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic cationic technetium-99m-complexes are widely used for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). However, inherent uncertainties in the supply chain of molybdenum-99, the parent isotope required for manufacturing 99Mo/99mTc generators, intensifies the need for discovery of novel MPI agents incorporating alternative radionuclides. Recently, germanium/gallium (Ge/Ga) generators capable of producing high quality 68Ga, an isotope with excellent emission characteristics for clinical PET imaging, have emerged. Herein, we report a novel 68Ga-complex identified through mechanism-based cell screening that holds promise as a generator-produced radiopharmaceutical for PET MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sharma
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VS); (DPW)
| | - Jothilingam Sivapackiam
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Harpstrite
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Julie L. Prior
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hannah Gu
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VS); (DPW)
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Wang YJ, Zhang YK, Kathawala RJ, Chen ZS. Repositioning of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as Antagonists of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Anticancer Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1925-52. [PMID: 25268163 PMCID: PMC4276951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6041925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) has attenuated the efficacy of anticancer drugs and the possibility of successful cancer chemotherapy. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an essential role in mediating MDR in cancer cells by increasing efflux of drugs from cancer cells, hence reducing the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs. Interestingly, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as AST1306, lapatinib, linsitinib, masitinib, motesanib, nilotinib, telatinib and WHI-P154, have been found to have the capability to overcome anticancer drug resistance by inhibiting ABC transporters in recent years. This review will focus on some of the latest and clinical developments with ABC transporters, TKIs and anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Rishil J Kathawala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as reversal agents for ABC transporter mediated drug resistance. Molecules 2014; 19:13848-77. [PMID: 25191874 PMCID: PMC6271846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) play an important role in pathways that regulate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Aberrant activity of TKs has been implicated in several types of cancers. In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to interfere with the activity of deregulated kinases. These TKIs are remarkably effective in the treatment of various human cancers including head and neck, gastric, prostate and breast cancer and several types of leukemia. However, these TKIs are transported out of the cell by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, resulting in development of a characteristic drug resistance phenotype in cancer patients. Interestingly, some of these TKIs also inhibit the ABC transporter mediated multi drug resistance (MDR) thereby; enhancing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. This review discusses the clinically relevant TKIs and their interaction with ABC drug transporters in modulating MDR.
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Saeed M, Zeino M, Kadioglu O, Volm M, Efferth T. Overcoming of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of tumors in vivo by drug combinations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.synres.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Elmshäuser S, Straehle LC, Kranz J, Krebber R, Geyer J. Brain penetration of emodepside is increased in P-glycoprotein-deficient mice and leads to neurotoxicosis. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:74-9. [PMID: 25131706 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antiparasitic drug emodepside (EMO) is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein multidrug efflux carrier (P-gp; syn. MDR1, ABCB1), which has an important function in protecting the brain from potentially toxic compounds by functional drug efflux at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Many dogs of the Collie breed and even dogs of many other breeds have a loss-of-function 4-bp deletion mutation in the MDR1 gene. In these dogs, brain penetration of many P-gp-transported drugs is increased and so their therapeutic usage is restricted. To elucidate the role of P-gp at the BBB for the brain penetration of EMO, we applied EMO at 1 mg/kg to mdr1-deficient (PGP(mut) ) and mdr1-intact (PGP(WT) ) CF1 mice. Whereas in the brain of the PGP(WT) mice, EMO was below the detection level of 10 ng/g, its concentration was at 43.7 ng/g in the PGP(mut) mice. Furthermore, appearance of neurological toxicity was analyzed in these mice after application of 1 mg/kg EMO using a rotarod setup. In all PGP(mut) mice, but not in the PGP(WT) mice, the walking performance on the rotarod was impaired by EMO with clear differences in the degree and duration of neurological toxicity. Some of the mice were completely unable to walk on the rotarod already at 2 h after drug application and showed long-lasting ataxia over >24 h. Others even showed significantly reduced walking performance, but completely recovered within 1 day. In conclusion, P-gp restricts brain penetration of EMO and prevents neurological toxicity of this drug in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elmshäuser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Wang YJ, Kathawala RJ, Zhang YK, Patel A, Kumar P, Shukla S, Fung KL, Ambudkar SV, Talele TT, Chen ZS. Motesanib (AMG706), a potent multikinase inhibitor, antagonizes multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux activity of the ABCB1. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:367-78. [PMID: 24937702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells often become resistant to chemotherapy through a phenomenon known as multidrug resistance (MDR). Several factors are responsible for the development of MDR, preeminent among them being the accelerated drug efflux mediated by overexpression of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Some small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were recently reported to modulate the activity of ABC transporters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if motesanib, a multikinase inhibitor, could reverse ABCB1-mediated MDR. The results showed that motesanib significantly sensitized both ABCB1-transfected and drug-selected cell lines overexpressing this transporter to its substrate anticancer drugs. Motesanib significantly increased the accumulation of [(3)H]-paclitaxel in ABCB1 overexpressing cells by blocking the efflux function of ABCB1 transporter. In contrast, no significant change in the expression levels and localization pattern of ABCB1 was observed when ABCB1 overexpressing cells were exposed to 3μM motesanib for 72h. Moreover, motesanib stimulated the ATPase activity of ABCB1 in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating a direct interaction with the transporter. Consistent with these findings, the docking studies indicated favorable binding of motesanib within the transmembrane region of homology modeled human ABCB1. Here, we report for the first time, motesanib, at clinically achievable plasma concentrations, antagonizes MDR by inhibiting the efflux activity of the ABCB1 transporter. These findings may be useful for cancer combination therapy with TKIs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Rishil J Kathawala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Atish Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Priyank Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Suneet Shukla
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - King Leung Fung
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tanaji T Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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Choi YH, Yu AM. ABC transporters in multidrug resistance and pharmacokinetics, and strategies for drug development. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:793-807. [PMID: 23688078 PMCID: PMC6341993 DOI: 10.2174/138161282005140214165212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem that hampers the success of cancer pharmacotherapy. A common mechanism is the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters in cancer cells such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that limit the exposure to anticancer drugs. One way to overcome MDR is to develop ABC efflux transporter inhibitors to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. The complete clinical trials thus far have showen that those tested chemosensitizers only add limited or no benefits to cancer patients. Some MDR modulators are merely toxic, and others induce unwanted drug-drug interactions. Actually, many ABC transporters are also expressed abundantly in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, brain and other normal tissues, and they largely determine drug absorption, distribution and excretion, and affect the overall pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in humans. In addition, ABC transporters such as P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP co-expressed in tumors show a broad and overlapped specificity for substrates and MDR modulators. Thus reliable preclinical assays and models are required for the assessment of transporter-mediated flux and potential effects on pharmacokinetics in drug development. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of ABC efflux transporters in MDR and pharmacokinetics. Preclinical assays for the assessment of drug transport and development of MDR modulators are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd., Suite 2132, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Mendell J, Zahir H, Matsushima N, Noveck R, Lee F, Chen S, Zhang G, Shi M. Drug-drug interaction studies of cardiovascular drugs involving P-glycoprotein, an efflux transporter, on the pharmacokinetics of edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2013; 13:331-42. [PMID: 23784266 PMCID: PMC3781304 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-013-0029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Edoxaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, is in development for thromboprophylaxis, including prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux transporter, modulates absorption and excretion of xenobiotics. Edoxaban is a P-gp substrate, and several cardiovascular (CV) drugs have the potential to inhibit P-gp and increase drug exposure. Objective To assess the potential pharmacokinetic interactions of edoxaban and 6 cardiovascular drugs used in the management of AF and known P-gp substrates/inhibitors. Methods Drug-drug interaction studies with edoxaban and CV drugs with known P-gp substrate/inhibitor potential were conducted in healthy subjects. In 4 crossover, 2-period, 2-treatment studies, subjects received edoxaban 60 mg alone and coadministered with quinidine 300 mg (n = 42), verapamil 240 mg (n = 34), atorvastatin 80 mg (n = 32), or dronedarone 400 mg (n = 34). Additionally, edoxaban 60 mg alone and coadministered with amiodarone 400 mg (n = 30) or digoxin 0.25 mg (n = 48) was evaluated in a single-sequence study and 2-cohort study, respectively. Results Edoxaban exposure measured as area under the curve increased for concomitant administration of edoxaban with quinidine (76.7 %), verapamil (52.7 %), amiodarone (39.8 %), and dronedarone (84.5 %), and exposure measured as 24-h concentrations for quinidine (11.8 %), verapamil (29.1 %), and dronedarone (157.6 %) also increased. Administration of edoxaban with amiodarone decreased the 24-h concentration for edoxaban by 25.7 %. Concomitant administration with digoxin or atorvastatin had minimal effects on edoxaban exposure. Conclusion Coadministration of the P-gp inhibitors quinidine, verapamil, and dronedarone increased edoxaban exposure. Modest/minimal effects were observed for amiodarone, atorvastatin, and digoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Mendell
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, 399 Thornall Street, Edison, NJ, 08837, USA,
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Paik J, Fierce Y, Treuting PM, Brabb T, Maggio-Price L. High-fat diet-induced obesity exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease in genetically susceptible Mdr1a-/- male mice. J Nutr 2013; 143:1240-7. [PMID: 23761644 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.174615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease and a risk factor for disorders such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. A high-fat diet (HFD), a risk factor for obesity, has also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A proinflammatory state characterized by systemic and local increases in cytokine and chemokine levels are noted in both obesity and IBD, but it is unclear whether obesity is a risk factor for IBD. To examine any association between obesity and IBD, we chose FVB.129P2- Abcb1a(tm1Bor)N7 (Mdr1a(-/-)) mice, because this strain develops IBD spontaneously with age without a chemical or bacterial "trigger." In addition, its background strain, FVB, has been used for diet-induced obesity studies. Mdr1a(-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a HFD (∼60% calories from fat) or a low-fat diet (LFD; ∼11% calories from fat) for 12 wk. Obesity phenotypes examined included body weight measurements, glucose metabolism changes, and adiposity at termination of the study. IBD was determined by clinical signs, necropsy, and histopathology. We found that compared with those fed the LFD, both the Mdr1a(-/-) and WT mice fed the HFD had greater weight gains and elevated plasma leptin concentrations (P < 0.0001). When all mice were analyzed, weight gain was also associated with inflammation in mesenteric fat (R(2) = 0.5; P < 0.0001) and mesenteric lymph nodes (R(2) = 0.4; P < 0.0001). In contrast, the HFD was not associated with IBD in WT mice, whereas it exacerbated spontaneous IBD in Mdr1a(-/-) mice (P = 0.012; Fisher's exact test). Although a HFD and obesity were not associated with IBD in WT mice, our studies suggest that they are likely risk factors for IBD in a genetically susceptible host, such as Mdr1a(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Paik
- Department of Comparative Medicine, and Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Su W, Pasternak GW. The role of multidrug resistance-associated protein in the blood-brain barrier and opioid analgesia. Synapse 2013; 67:609-19. [PMID: 23508590 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from circulating compounds and drugs. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is involved with the barrier, both preventing the influx of agent from the blood into the brain and facilitating the efflux of compounds from the brain into the blood, raising the possibility of a similar role for other transporters. Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), a 190 kDa protein, similar to Pgp is also ABC transporter that has been implicated in the blood-brain barrier. The current study explores its role in opioid action. Immunohistochemically, it is localized in the choroid plexus in rats and can be selectively downregulated by antisense treatment at both the level of mRNA, as shown by RT-PCR, and protein, as demonstrated immunohistochemically. Behaviorally, downregulation of MRP significantly enhances the analgesic potency of systemic morphine in MRP knockout mice and in antisense-treated rats by lowering the blood-brain barrier. Following intracerebroventricular administration, a number of compounds, including some opioids, are rapidly secreted from the brain into the blood where they contribute to the overall analgesic effects by activating peripheral systems. MRP plays a role in this efflux. Downregulating MRP expression leads to a corresponding decrease in the transport and a diminished analgesic response from opioids administered intracerebroventricularly. Thus, the transporter protein MRP plays a role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier and modulates the activity of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program and Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Orzechowski KL, Swain MD, Robl MG, Tinaza CA, Swaim HL, Jones YL, Myers MJ, Yancy HF. Neurotoxic effects of ivermectin administration in genetically engineered mice with targeted insertion of the mutated canine ABCB1 gene. Am J Vet Res 2013; 73:1477-84. [PMID: 22924731 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.9.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop in genetically engineered mice an alternative screening method for evaluation of P-glycoprotein substrate toxicosis in ivermectin-sensitive Collies. ANIMALS 14 wild-type C57BL/6J mice (controls) and 21 genetically engineered mice in which the abcb1a and abcb1b genes were disrupted and the mutated canine ABCB1 gene was inserted. PROCEDURES Mice were allocated to receive 10 mg of ivermectin/kg via SC injection (n = 30) or a vehicle-only formulation of propylene glycol and glycerol formal (5). Each was observed for clinical signs of toxic effects from 0 to 7 hours following drug administration. RESULTS After ivermectin administration, considerable differences were observed in drug sensitivity between the 2 types of mice. The genetically engineered mice with the mutated canine ABCB1 gene had signs of severe sensitivity to ivermectin, characterized by progressive lethargy, ataxia, and tremors, whereas the wild-type control mice developed no remarkable effects related to the ivermectin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The ivermectin sensitivity modeled in the transgenic mice closely resembled the lethargy, stupor, disorientation, and loss of coordination observed in ivermectin-sensitive Collies with the ABCB1-1Δ mutation. As such, the model has the potential to facilitate toxicity assessments of certain drugs for dogs that are P-glycoprotein substrates, and it may serve to reduce the use of dogs in avermectin derivative safety studies that are part of the new animal drug approval process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna L Orzechowski
- Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US FDA, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
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Takashima T, Wu C, Takashima-Hirano M, Katayama Y, Wada Y, Suzuki M, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y, Watanabe Y. Evaluation of breast cancer resistance protein function in hepatobiliary and renal excretion using PET with 11C-SC-62807. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:267-76. [PMID: 23287578 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A quantitative PET imaging method was used to assess the in vivo kinetics of hepatobiliary and renal excretion of the breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) substrate (11)C-SC-62807 in mice. METHODS Serial abdominal PET scans were collected in wild-type and Bcrp knockout (Bcrp(-/-)) mice after intravenous injection of (11)C-SC-62807. Venous blood samples and PET images were obtained at frequent intervals up to 30 min after radiotracer administration. Dynamic PET data were analyzed to determine the canalicular and brush-border efflux clearances in the liver and kidney (CL(int,bile,liver) and CL(int,urine,kidney), respectively). RESULTS SC-62807 is an in vitro substrate of mouse Bcrp and human BCRP. Radioactivity associated with (11)C-SC-62807 was predominantly found in the blood, liver, bile, and urine 30 min after administration. Both biliary and urinary excretion of radioactivity was markedly lower in Bcrp(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice, suggesting greater systemic exposure in Bcrp(-/-) mice. Both the CL(int,bile,liver) and the CL(int,urine,kidney) were significantly lower in Bcrp(-/-) mice (74% ± 10% and 99% ± 1% lower than controls, respectively). We also found that (11)C-SC-62807 is a substrate of the organic anion-transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 in vitro. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that Bcrp plays a significant role in the efflux of (11)C-SC-62807 in mouse liver and kidney. We also demonstrated the feasibility of PET using (11)C-SC-62807 to study the activity of BCRP in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Takashima
- Molecular Probe Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Japan.
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Transporter Proteins. Mol Pharmacol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118451908.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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JANKO C, GEYER J. Moxidectin has a lower neurotoxic potential but comparable brain penetration in P-glycoprotein-deficient CF-1 mice compared to ivermectin. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:275-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Geyer J, Janko C. Treatment of MDR1 mutant dogs with macrocyclic lactones. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2012; 13:969-86. [PMID: 22039792 PMCID: PMC3419875 DOI: 10.2174/138920112800399301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein, encoded by the multidrug resistance gene MDR1, is an ATP-driven drug efflux pump which is highly expressed at the blood-brain barrier of vertebrates. Drug efflux of macrocyclic lactones by P-glycoprotein is highly relevant for the therapeutic safety of macrocyclic lactones, as thereby GABA-gated chloride channels, which are confined to the central nervous system in vertebrates, are protected from high drug concentrations that otherwise would induce neurological toxicity. A 4-bp deletion mutation exists in the MDR1 gene of many dog breeds such as the Collie and the Australian Shepherd, which results in the expression of a non-functional P-glycoprotein and is associated with multiple drug sensitivity. Accordingly, dogs with homozygous MDR1 mutation are in general prone to neurotoxicity by macrocyclic lactones due to their increased brain penetration. Nevertheless, treatment of these dogs with macrocyclic lactones does not inevitably result in neurological symptoms, since, the safety of treatment highly depends on the treatment indication, dosage, route of application, and the individual compound used as outlined in this review. Whereas all available macrocyclic lactones can safely be administered to MDR1 mutant dogs at doses usually used for heartworm prevention, these dogs will experience neurological toxicity following a high dose regimen which is common for mange treatment in dogs. Here, we review and discuss the neurotoxicological potential of different macrocyclic lactones as well as their treatment options in MDR1 mutant dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Omidi Y, Barar J. Impacts of blood-brain barrier in drug delivery and targeting of brain tumors. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2012; 2:5-22. [PMID: 23678437 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2012.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Entry of blood circulating agents into the brain is highly selectively con-trolled by specific transport machineries at the blood brain barrier (BBB), whose excellent barrier restrictiveness make brain drug delivery and targeting very challenging. METHODS Essential information on BBB cellular microenvironment were reviewed and discussed towards impacts of BBB on brain drug delivery and targeting. RESULTS Brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) form unique biological structure and architecture in association with astrocytes and pericytes, in which microenvironment the BCECs express restrictive tight junctional complexes that block the paracellular inward/outward traverse of biomolecules/compounds. These cells selectively/specifically control the transportation process through carrier and/or receptor mediated transport machineries that can also be exploited for the delivery of pharmaceuticals into the brain. Intelligent molecular therapies should be designed using such transport machineries for the efficient delivery of designated drugs into the brain. For better clinical outcomes, these smart pharmaceuticals should be engineered as seamless nanosystems to provide simultaneous imaging and therapy (multimodal theranostics). CONCLUSION The exceptional functional presence of BBB selectively controls inward and outward transportation mechanisms, thus advanced smart multifunctional nanomedicines are needed for the effective brain drug delivery and targeting. Fully understanding the biofunctions of BBB appears to be a central step for engineering of intelligent seamless therapeutics consisting of homing device for targeting, imaging moiety for detecting, and stimuli responsive device for on-demand liberation of therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Ek CJ, Dziegielewska KM, Habgood MD, Saunders NR. Barriers in the developing brain and Neurotoxicology. Neurotoxicology 2011; 33:586-604. [PMID: 22198708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The brain develops and grows within a well-controlled internal environment that is provided by cellular exchange mechanisms in the interfaces between blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain. These are generally referred to by the term "brain barriers": blood-brain barrier across the cerebral endothelial cells and blood-CSF barrier across the choroid plexus epithelial cells. An essential component of barrier mechanisms is the presence of tight junctions between the endothelial and epithelial cells of these interfaces. This review outlines historical evidence for the presence of effective barrier mechanisms in the embryo and newborn and provides an up to date description of recent morphological, biochemical and molecular data for the functional effectiveness of these barriers. Intercellular tight junctions between cerebral endothelial cells and between choroid plexus epithelial cells are functionally effective as soon as they differentiate. Many of the influx and efflux mechanisms are not only present from early in development, but the genes for some are expressed at much higher levels in the embryo than in the adult and there is physiological evidence that these transport systems are functionally more active in the developing brain. This substantial body of evidence supporting the concept of well developed barrier mechanisms in the developing brain is contrasted with the widespread belief amongst neurotoxicologists that "the" blood-brain barrier is immature or even absent in the embryo and newborn. A proper understanding of the functional capacity of the barrier mechanisms to restrict the entry of harmful substances or administered therapeutics into the developing brain is critical. This knowledge would assist the clinical management of pregnant mothers and newborn infants and development of protocols for evaluation of risks of drugs used in pregnancy and the neonatal period prior to their introduction into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joakim Ek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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41
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Interplay of pharmacogenetic variations in ABCB1 transporters and cytochrome P450 enzymes. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1817-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Labbé R, Caveney S, Donly C. Genetic analysis of the xenobiotic resistance-associated ABC gene subfamilies of the Lepidoptera. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 20:243-256. [PMID: 21199020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of subfamilies B, C and G confer resistance to xenobiotics including insecticides. We identified genes of these subfamilies expressed by the lepidopterans Trichoplusia ni and Bombyx mori. The B. mori genome includes eight, six and 13 ABC-B, -C and -G genes, respectively, which encode P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein, MRP, and breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP, homologues. Among the ABC-C and -G subfamilies, gene duplication contributes to protein diversity. We have identified three ABC-B and two ABC-C T. ni genes. Analyses of the T. ni MRP (TrnMRP) revealed unique features, including the potential for TrnMRP4 hyperglycosylation and the alternative splicing of TrnMRP1. Taken together, these attributes of moth multidrug resistance-associated ABCs may confer distinct functional capacities to xenobiotic efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Labbé
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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43
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Dong X, Mumper RJ. Nanomedicinal strategies to treat multidrug-resistant tumors: current progress. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:597-615. [PMID: 20528455 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to the success of cancer chemotherapy. P-glycoprotein is an important and the best-known membrane transporter involved in MDR. Several strategies have been used to address MDR, especially P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance in tumors. However, clinical success has been limited, largely due to issues regarding lack of efficacy and/or safety. Nanoparticles have shown the ability to target tumors based on their unique physical and biological properties. To date, nanoparticles have been investigated primarily to address P-glycoprotein and the observed improved anticancer efficacy suggests that nanomedicinal strategies provide a new opportunity to overcome MDR. This article focuses on nanotechnology-based formulations and current nanomedicine approaches to address MDR in tumors and discusses the proposed mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA
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Sivapackiam J, Harpstrite SE, Prior JL, Gu H, Rath NP, Sharma V. Synthesis, molecular structure, and validation of metalloprobes for assessment of MDR1 P-glycoprotein-mediated functional transport. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5842-50. [PMID: 20505882 DOI: 10.1039/c002361b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The human genome is known to consist of 49 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes. Among these ABC proteins, overexpression of multidrug resistance (MDR1) P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) is the best characterized barrier to successful chemotherapeutic treatments, impacts pharmacokinetics of numerous recognized drugs, and is also quickly emerging as an important target in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, there exists an urgent need to seek radiopharmaceuticals, incorporated with generator-produced radionuclides to assist their widespread deployment, for noninvasive assessment of Pgp-mediated functional transport activity in vivo. METHODS gallium(III) complexes (5a and 5b) possessing octahedral geometry were synthesized, analytically characterized, and evaluated for their potential to serve as probes of Pgp-mediated functional transport activity in cellulo and in vivo. While unlabeled compounds (5a and 5b) were examined via cell cytotoxicity assays, the (67)Ga-labeled counterparts (6a and 6b) were evaluated via cell transport studies and quantitative biodistribution studies in mdr1a/1b((-/-)) gene-deleted mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts. RESULTS cytotoxicity data of 5a and 5b displayed profiles modified by the expression of Pgp in drug-resistant cells. (67)Ga-metalloprobes (6a and 6b) showed high accumulation in human epidermal carcinoma drug-sensitive KB-3-1 cells (Pgp-), human breast carcinoma MCF-7 (Pgp-) cells; an inhibitor (LY335979, 1 microM) induced accumulation in multidrug resistant (MDR, Pgp+) KB-8-5, KB-8-5-11 cells, and stably transfected MCF-7/MDR1 cells, thus demonstrating their ability to interrogate Pgp-mediated functional transport activity in cellulo. In mdr1a/1b((-/-)) gene-deleted mice, the (67)Ga-metalloprobe (6b) showed 8-fold greater brain uptake and retention compared with WT counterparts and no significant difference in blood pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSION molecular imaging of the functional transport activity of MDR1 Pgp (ABCB1) with (67/68)Ga-metalloprobes could enable non-invasive monitoring of the blood-brain barrier, tumors, and tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothilingam Sivapackiam
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8225, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Ek CJ, Wong A, Liddelow SA, Johansson PA, Dziegielewska KM, Saunders NR. Efflux mechanisms at the developing brain barriers: ABC-transporters in the fetal and postnatal rat. Toxicol Lett 2010; 197:51-9. [PMID: 20466047 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family, present at the blood-brain barrier interfaces, have been shown to reduce the entry of compounds from blood into the brain by active efflux. Their substrates are diverse including many drugs and toxins and therefore provide an important mechanism for brain neuroprotection. However, knowledge of their presence and function in the developing brain is very limited. We have used qPCR and immunocytochemistry to determine gene expression and localisation of four main barrier ABC-transporters (pgp/ABCB1, MRP1/ABCC1, MRP4/ABCC4 and BCRP/ABCG2) in the fetal and neonatal rat brain cerebral blood vessels (site of blood-brain barrier) and choroid plexus (site of blood-CSF barrier). The study shows that ABC-transporters localise to the brain barriers even at early fetal stages and although pgp expression was lower in the fetus, the other transporters were expressed at comparable levels in fetal and adult brains suggesting direct neuroprotection of the brain in addition to that provided by the placenta. BCRP was expressed at higher levels in developing choroid plexus and was only detected at fetal stages on the blood-facing side of epithelial cells indicating a particular role of this transporter for early brain efflux mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joakim Ek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Cho HY, Yoo HD, Lee YB. Influence of ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of levosulpiride in healthy subjects. Neuroscience 2010; 169:378-87. [PMID: 20438811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to clarify the involvement of P-glycoprotein in the absorption of levosulpiride in knockout mice that lack the Abcb1a/ 1b gene, and to evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1 (exon 12, 21 and 26) and levosulpiride disposition in healthy subjects. The plasma and brain samples were obtained after oral administration (10 microg/g) of levosulpiride to abcb1a/1b(-/-) and wild-type mice (n=3 approximately 6 at each time point). The average brain-to-plasma concentration ratio and blood-brain barrier partitioning of levosulpiride were 2.3- and 2.0-fold higher in Abcb1a/1b(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice, respectively. A total of 58 healthy Korean volunteers receiving a single oral dose of 25 mg levosulpiride participated in this study. The subjects were evaluated for polymorphisms of the ABCB1 exon 12 C1236T, exon 21 G2677A/T (Ala893Ser/Thr) and exon 26 C3435T using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The PK parameters (AUC(0-4h), AUC(0-infinity) and C(max.)) of ABCB1 2677TT and 3435TT subjects were significantly higher than those of subjects with at least one wild-type allele (P<0.05). The results indicate that levosulpiride is a P-glycoprotein substrate in vivo, which is supported by the effects of SNPs 2677G>A/T in exon 21 and 3435C>T in exon 26 of ABCB1 on levosulpiride disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Cho
- Clinical Trials Management Division, Korea Food & Drug Administration, 194 Tongilro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 122-704, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Membrane transporters can be major determinants of the pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy profiles of drugs. This presents several key questions for drug development, including which transporters are clinically important in drug absorption and disposition, and which in vitro methods are suitable for studying drug interactions with these transporters. In addition, what criteria should trigger follow-up clinical studies, and which clinical studies should be conducted if needed. In this article, we provide the recommendations of the International Transporter Consortium on these issues, and present decision trees that are intended to help guide clinical studies on the currently recognized most important drug transporter interactions. The recommendations are generally intended to support clinical development and filing of a new drug application. Overall, it is advised that the timing of transporter investigations should be driven by efficacy, safety and clinical trial enrolment questions (for example, exclusion and inclusion criteria), as well as a need for further understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of the drug molecule, and information required for drug labelling.
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Uptake and binding of the serotonin 5-HT1A antagonist [18F]-MPPF in brain of rats: Effects of the novel P-glycoprotein inhibitor tariquidar. Neuroimage 2010; 49:1406-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Sivapackiam J, Gammon ST, Harpstrite SE, Sharma V. Targeted chemotherapy in drug-resistant tumors, noninvasive imaging of P-glycoprotein-mediated functional transport in cancer, and emerging role of Pgp in neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 596:141-81. [PMID: 19949924 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-416-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is one of the best characterized transporter-mediated barriers to successful chemotherapy in cancer patients and is also a rapidly emerging target in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, strategies capable of delivering chemotherapeutic agents into drug-resistant tumors and targeted radiopharmaceuticals acting as ultrasensitive molecular imaging probes for detecting functional Pgp expression in vivo could be expected to play a vital role in systemic biology as personalized medicine gains momentum in the twenty-first century. While targeted therapy could be expected to deliver optimal doses of chemotherapeutic drugs into the desired targets, the interrogation of Pgp-mediated transport activity in vivo via noninvasive imaging techniques (SPECT and PET) would be beneficial in stratification of patient populations likely to benefit from a given therapeutic treatment, thereby assisting management of drug resistance in cancer and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Both strategies could play a vital role in advancement of personalized treatments in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Via this tutorial, authors make an attempt in outlining these strategies and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothilingam Sivapackiam
- Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Swed A, Eyal S, Madar I, Zohar-Kontante H, Weiss L, Hoffman A. The Role of P-Glycoprotein in Intestinal Transport versus the BBB Transport of Tetraphenylphosphonium. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1883-90. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900170y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Swed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Eyal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Igal Madar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hila Zohar-Kontante
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lola Weiss
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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