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Langellotti CA, Gammella M, Soria I, Bellusci C, Quattrocchi V, Vermeulen M, Mongini C, Zamorano PI. An Improved DNA Vaccine Against Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Using CD40L and a Chemical Adjuvant Induces Specific Cytotoxicity in Mice. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:68-78. [PMID: 33146595 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) uses many mechanisms to elude the immune system; one of them is spreading intracellularly, even in the presence of specific antiviral antibodies. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are necessary to eliminate the virus. The main preventive strategy is vaccination based on inactivated virus. These vaccines are poor inducers of cellular immune responses, and complicate serological diagnosis and determination of the real prevalence of infection. DNA vaccines are a good option because of the capacity of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals-(DIVA vaccine)-and may be the best way to induce cytotoxic responses. Although this type of vaccines leads to only weak "in vivo" expression and poor immune responses, incorporation of molecular and/or chemical adjuvants can improve the latter, both in magnitude and in direction. In this study, we have investigated the specific immune responses elicited in mice by DNA vaccines based on the BoHV-1 glycoprotein D (pCIgD) with and without two different adjuvants: a plasmid encoding for murine CD40L (pCD40L) or Montanide™ 1113101PR (101). Mice vaccinated with pCIgD+CD40L, pCIgD+101, and pCIgD+CD40L+101 developed significantly higher specific antibody titers against BoHV-1 than the pCIgD group (p < 0.01). The animals vaccinated with pCgD+pCD40L+101 raised significantly higher levels of IgG2a and IgG2b (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) than mice vaccinated with pCIgD alone. On the contrary, when the activity of CTL against cells infected with BoHV-1 was measured, the vaccine pCgD+pCD40L+101 induced significantly higher levels of cytotoxicity activity (p < 0.001) than pCIgD alone. A significant increase in the CD4+ populations in the group receiving pCIgD+CD40L+101 in comparison with the pCIgD group was observed and, also, interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-17A levels were higher. Considering the results obtained from this study for humoral and cellular responses in mice, the inclusion of pCD40L and 101 as adjuvants in a BoHV-1 DNA vaccine for cattle is highly recommendable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariela Gammella
- Instituto de Virología-IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivana Soria
- Instituto de Virología-IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Bellusci
- Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro, Sede Atlántica, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | | | - Monica Vermeulen
- Laboratorio de células presentadoras de antígeno y respuesta inflamatoria. Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) - CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Mongini
- Instituto de Virología-IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Zamorano
- Cátedra de Inmunología Aplicada, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Marques ETA, Burke DS. Tradition and innovation in development of a Zika vaccine. Lancet 2018; 391:516-517. [PMID: 29217377 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto T A Marques
- Graduate School of Public Health, and the Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Department of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics, FIOCRUZ-Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Donald S Burke
- Graduate School of Public Health, and the Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Ranasinghe C, Ramshaw IA. Genetic heterologous prime–boost vaccination strategies for improved systemic and mucosal immunity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:1171-81. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Han X, LaRosa KB, Kawai T, Taubman MA. DNA-based adaptive immunity protect host from infection-associated periodontal bone resorption via recognition of Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence component. Vaccine 2013; 32:297-303. [PMID: 24051159 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is one of a constellation of oral organisms associated with human chronic periodontitis. While adaptive immunity to periodontal pathogen proteins has been investigated and is an important component of periodontal bone resorption, the effect of periodontal pathogen DNA in eliciting systemic and mucosal antibody and modulating immune responses has not been investigated. METHODS Rowett rats were locally injected with whole genomic Pg DNA in alum. Escherichia coli (Ec) genomic DNA, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) genomic DNA, and saline/alum injected rats served as controls. After various time points, serum IgG and salivary IgA antibody to Ec, Fn or Pg were detected by ELISA. Serum and salivary antibody reactions with Pg surface antigens were determined by Western blot analyses and the specific antigen was identified by mass spectrometry. Effects of genomic DNA immunization on Pg bacterial colonization and experimental periodontal bone resorption were also evaluated. RESULTS Sera from Pg DNA, Ec DNA and Fn DNA-injected rats did not react with Ec or Fn bacteria. Serum IgG antibody levels to Pg and Pg surface extracts were significantly higher in animals immunized with Pg DNA as compared to the control groups. Rats injected with Pg DNA demonstrated a strong serum IgG and salivary IgA antibody reaction solely to Pg fimbrillin (41kDa), the major protein component of Pg fimbriae. In the Pg DNA-immunized group, the numbers of Pg bacteria in oral cavity and the extent of periodontal bone resorption were significantly reduced after Pg infection. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that infected hosts may select specific genes from whole genomic DNA of the periodontal pathogen for transcription and presentation. The results indicate that the unique gene selected can initiate a host protective immune response to the parent bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Han
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Karen B LaRosa
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Martin A Taubman
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, United States
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5
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Raaijmakers MIG, Rozati S, Goldinger SM, Widmer DS, Dummer R, Levesque MP. Melanoma immunotherapy: historical precedents, recent successes and future prospects. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:169-82. [PMID: 23413908 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy has been around for more than a century; however, the first immunotherapeutic ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, has only recently been approved by the US FDA for melanoma. With an increasing understanding of the immune response, it is expected that more therapies will follow. This review aims to provide a general overview of immunotherapy in melanoma. We first explain the development of cancer immunotherapy more than a century ago and the general opinions about it over time. This is followed by a general overview of the immune reaction in order to give insight into the possible targets for therapy. Finally, we will discuss the current therapies for melanoma, their shortcomings and why it is important to develop patient stratification criteria. We conclude with an overview of recent discoveries and possible future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke I G Raaijmakers
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Ghochikyan A, Davtyan H, Petrushina I, Hovakimyan A, Movsesyan N, Davtyan A, Kiyatkin A, Cribbs DH, Agadjanyan MG. Refinement of a DNA based Alzheimer's disease epitope vaccine in rabbits. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1002-10. [PMID: 23399748 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that our second-generation DNA-based Alzheimer disease (AD) epitope vaccine comprising three copies of a short amyloid-β (Aβ) B cell epitope, Aβ 11 fused with the foreign promiscuous Th epitope, PADRE (p3Aβ 11-PADRE) was immunogenic in mice. However, since DNA vaccines exhibit poor immunogenicity in large animals and humans, in this study, we sought to improve the immunogenicity of p3Aβ 11-PADRE by modifying this vaccine to express protein 3Aβ 11-PADRE with a free N-terminal aspartic acid fused with eight additional promiscuous Th epitopes. Generated pN-3Aβ 11-PADRE-Thep vaccine has been designated as AV-1955. We also delivered this vaccine using the TriGrid electroporation system to improve the efficiency of DNA transfection. This third-generation DNA epitope vaccine was evaluated for immunogenicity in rabbits in comparison to the parent construct p3Aβ 11-PADRE. AV-1955 vaccination induced significantly stronger humoral immune responses in rabbits compared with p3Aβ 11-PADRE vaccine. Anti-Aβ 11 antibodies recognized all forms of human β-amyloid peptide (monomers, oligomers and fibrils), bound to amyloid plaques in brain sections from an AD case and reduced oligomer- and fibril-mediated cytotoxicity ex vivo. These findings suggest that AV-1955 could represent an effective DNA epitope vaccine for AD therapy, pending safety and efficacy studies that are currently being conducted in Rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Ghochikyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology; Institute for Molecular Medicine; Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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7
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Jamali A, Holtrop M, de Haan A, Hashemi H, Shenagari M, Memarnejadian A, Roohvand F, Sabahi F, Kheiri MT, Huckriede A. Cationic influenza virosomes as an adjuvanted delivery system for CTL induction by DNA vaccination. Immunol Lett 2012; 148:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Schweighoffer T. Molecular cancer vaccines: Tumor therapy using antigen-specific immunizations. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 3:164-76. [PMID: 18470726 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/1997] [Accepted: 08/24/1997] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination against tumors promises selective destruction of malignant cells by the host's immune system. Molecular cancer vaccines rely on recently identified tumor antigens as immunogens. Tumor antigens can be applied in many forms, as genes in recombinant vectors, as proteins or peptides representing T cell epitopes.Analysis of various aspects indicates some advantage for peptide-based vaccines over the other modalities. Further refinements and extensively monitored clinical trials are necessary to advance molecular cancer vaccines from concepts into powerful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schweighoffer
- Department Cell Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Research and Development, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5, A-l 120, Wien, Austria,
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9
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T lymphocyte immunity in host defence against Chlamydia trachomatis and its implication for vaccine development. Can J Infect Dis 2012; 9:99-108. [PMID: 22451777 DOI: 10.1155/1998/395297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/1997] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes several significant human infectious diseases, including trachoma, urethritis, cervicitis and salpingitis, and is an important cofactor for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Until very recently, over three decades of research effort aimed at developing a C trachomatis vaccine had failed, due mainly to the lack of a precise understanding of the mechanisms for protective immunity. Although most studies concerning protective immunity to C trachomatis have focused on humoral immune responses, recent studies have clearly shown that T helper-1 (Th1)-like CD4 T cell-mediated immune responses play the dominant role in protective immunity. These studies suggest a paradigm for chlamydial immunity and pathology based on the concept of heterogeneity (Th1/Th2) in CD4 T cell immune responses. This concept for chlamydial immunity offers a rational template on which to base renewed efforts for development of a chlamydial vaccine that targets the induction of cell-mediated Th1 immune responses.
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Bhowmik T, D’Souza B, Uddin MN, D’Souza MJ. Oral delivery of microparticles containing plasmid DNA encoding hepatitis-B surface antigen. J Drug Target 2012; 20:364-71. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.662686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Protection of pigs against Chlamydia trachomatis challenge by administration of a MOMP-based DNA vaccine in the vaginal mucosa. Vaccine 2011; 29:1399-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Kang TH, Kim KW, Bae HC, Seong SY, Kim TW. Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by antigen linkage to IFN-γ-inducible protein-10. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:702-14. [PMID: 20473881 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have emerged as an attractive approach to generate antigen-specific T-cell immune response. Nevertheless, the potency of DNA vaccines still needs to be improved for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we explored whether functional linkage of a Th1-polarizing chemokine, IP-10, to a model tumor antigen, human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7, enhanced DNA vaccine potency. IP-10 linkage changed the location of E7 from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum and led to the secretion of functionally chemoattractive chimeric IP-10/E7 protein. In addition, this linkage drastically enhanced the endogenous processing of E7 antigen through MHC class I. More importantly, we found that C57BL/6 mice intradermally vaccinated with IP-10/E7 DNA exhibited a dramatic increase in the number of E7-specific CD4(+) Th1 T-cells and CD8(+) T-cells and, consequently, were strongly resistant over the long term to E7-expressing tumors compared to mice vaccinated with wild-type E7 DNA. Thus, because of the increase in tumor antigen-specific T-cell immune responses obtained through both enhanced antigen presentation and chemoattraction, vaccination with DNA encoding IP-10 linked to a tumor antigen holds great promise for treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Heung Kang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Cribbs DH. Abeta DNA vaccination for Alzheimer's disease: focus on disease prevention. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2010; 9:207-16. [PMID: 20205639 DOI: 10.2174/187152710791012080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that the development of a safe and effective anti-amyloid-beta (Abeta) immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) will require therapeutic levels of anti-Abeta antibodies, while avoiding proinflammatory adjuvants and autoreactive T cells which may increase the incidence of adverse events in the elderly population targeted to receive immunotherapy. The first active immunization clinical trial with AN1792 in AD patients was halted when a subset of patients developed meningoencephalitis. The first passive immunotherapy trial with bapineuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the end terminus of Abeta, also encountered some dose dependent adverse events during the Phase II portion of the study, vasogenic edema in 12 cases, which were significantly over represented in ApoE4 carriers. The proposed remedy is to treat future patients with lower doses, particularly in the ApoE4 carriers. Currently there are at least five ongoing anti-Abeta immunotherapy clinical trials. Three of the clinical trials use humanized monoclonal antibodies, which are expensive and require repeated dosing to maintain therapeutic levels of the antibodies in the patient. However in the event of an adverse response to the passive therapy antibody delivery can simply be halted, which may provide a resolution to the problem. Because at this point we cannot readily identify individuals in the preclinical or prodromal stages of AD pathogenesis, passive immunotherapy is reserved for those that already have clinical symptoms. Unfortunately those individuals have by that point accumulated substantial neuropathology in affected regions of the brain. Moreover, if Abeta pathology drives tau pathology as reported in several transgenic animal models, and once established if tau pathology can become self propagating, then early intervention with anti-Abeta immunotherapy may be critical for favorable clinical outcomes. On the other hand, active immunization has several significant advantages, including lower cost and the typical immunization protocol should be much less intrusive to the patient relative to passive therapy, in the advent of Abeta-antibody immune complex-induced adverse events the patients will have to receive immuno-supperssive therapy for an extended period until the anti Abeta antibody levels drop naturally as the effects of the vaccine decays over time. Obviously, improvements in vaccine design are needed to improve both the safety, as well as the efficacy of anti-Abeta immunotherapy. The focus of this review is on the advantages of DNA vaccination for anti-Abeta immunotherapy, and the major hurdles, such as immunosenescence, selection of appropriate molecular adjuvants, universal T cell epitopes, and possibly a polyepitope design based on utilizing existing memory T cells in the general population that were generated in response to childhood or seasonal vaccines, as well as various infections. Ultimately, we believe that the further refinement of our AD DNA epitope vaccines, possibly combined with a prime boost regime will facilitate translation to human clinical trials in either very early AD, or preferably in preclinical stage individuals identified by validated AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, 92697-4540, USA.
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Dharmapuri S, Aurisicchio L, Biondo A, Welsh N, Ciliberto G, La Monica N. Antiapoptotic Small Interfering RNA as Potent Adjuvant of DNA Vaccination in a Mouse Mammary Tumor Model. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 20:589-97. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Dharmapuri
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Luigi Aurisicchio
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Antonella Biondo
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Natalie Welsh
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Nicola La Monica
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
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15
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Antigen mRNA-transfected, allogeneic fibroblasts loaded with NKT-cell ligand confer antitumor immunity. Blood 2009; 113:4262-72. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-08-176446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in situ by danger signals plays a central role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. We previously demonstrated that the activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells by administration of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)–loaded tumor cells can act as a cellular adjuvant through the DC maturation. In the current study, we used allogeneic fibroblasts loaded with α-GalCer and transfected with antigen-encoding mRNA, thus combining the adjuvant effects of iNKT-cell activation with delivery of antigen to DCs in vivo. We found that these cells produce antigen protein and activate NK and iNKT cells. When injected into major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–mismatched mice, they elicited antigen-specific T-cell responses and provided tumor protection, suggesting that these immune responses depend on host DCs. In addition, antigen-expressing fibroblasts loaded with α-GalCer lead to a more potent T-cell response than those expressing NK cell ligands. Thus, glycolipid-loaded, mRNA-transfected allogeneic fibroblasts act as cellular vectors to provide iNKT-cell activation, leading to DC maturation and T-cell immunity. By harnessing the innate immune system and generating an adaptive immune response to a variety of antigens, this unique tool could prove clinically beneficial in the development of immunotherapies against malignant and infectious diseases.
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Jamali A, Mahdavi M, Hassan ZM, Sabahi F, Farsani MJ, Bamdad T, Soleimanjahi H, Motazakker M, Shahabi S. A novel adjuvant, the general opioid antagonist naloxone, elicits a robust cellular immune response for a DNA vaccine. Int Immunol 2009; 21:217-25. [PMID: 19174474 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While many adjuvants have been discovered and used in research, only a few adjuvants have been permitted for use with human vaccination. We have previously shown that the administration of naloxone (NLX), a general opioid antagonist, during infection with a non-virulent strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) could enhance protection against HSV-1 challenge. Here, the adjuvant activity of NLX has been evaluated using a DNA vaccine for HSV-1 as a model. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups; for experimental groups, mice received the glycoprotein D1 (gD1) DNA vaccine alone or in combination with the adjuvant NLX. A positive control group received the KOS strain of HSV-1, and a negative control group received PBS. All mice were immunized three times on days 0, 21 and 42. Three weeks after the last immunization, immune responses against HSV-1 were assessed. Our results indicate that the administration of NLX as an adjuvant increased the ability of the gD1 DNA vaccine to enhance cytolytic T lymphocyte activity, lymphocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity and shifting the immune response toward a T helper (Th)1 pattern and improved protective immunity against HSV-1. NLX also increased the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, though it did not affect the production of HSV-1 antiserum. In conclusion, administration of NLX as an adjuvant in combination with the gD1 DNA vaccine can enhance cell-mediated immunity and shift the immune responses to Th1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Jamali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Wallach-Dayan SB, Rubinstein AM, Hand C, Breuer R, Naor D. DNA vaccination with CD44 variant isoform reduces mammary tumor local growth and lung metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1615-23. [PMID: 18566232 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have shown recently that cDNA vaccination, using a virtual lymph node, ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Successful cure from mammary tumor requires resolution of local tumor growth and metastases. We have examined whether targeting of CD44 cell surface adhesion molecule by cDNA vaccination plays a role in resolving mammary tumor development. We show here that CD44 cDNA vaccination decreases the tumor mass and metastatic potential in experimental mammary tumor of BALB/c mice. Vaccination of mice, inoculated with the mammary tumors, by cDNA of CD44 variant (CD44v) but not by cDNA of standard CD44, markedly reduced local tumor development and lung metastasis. Concomitantly, transfection of CD44 antisense into a highly metastatic mammary tumor cell line disrupted the CD44 expression of the cells and reduced their ability to establish local tumors as well as metastatic colonies in the lung. Moreover, when CD44v, but not standard CD44 sense cDNA, was transfected into the poorly metastatic cell line, tumor development was markedly enhanced. It is possible therefore that DNA vaccination with a specific CD44v construct could induce an immune resistance to mammary tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulamit Batya Wallach-Dayan
- The Lung Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
Molecular analyses have become an integral part of biomedical research as well as clinical medicine. The definition of the molecular and genetic basis of many human diseases has led to a better understanding of their pathogenesis and has in addition offered new perspectives for their diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Genetically, liver diseases can be classified as hereditary monogenic, acquired monogenic, complex genetic and diseases. Based on this classification, gene therapy is based on six concepts: gene repair, gene substitution, cell therapy, block of gene expression or function, DNA vaccination as well as gene augmentation. While recent developments are promising, various delivery, targeting and safety issues need to be addressed before gene therapy will enter clinical practice. In the future, molecular diagnosis and therapy liver diseases will be part of our patient management and complement existing diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Blum
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Peng S, Trimble C, Wu L, Pardoll D, Roden R, Hung CF, Wu TC. HLA-DQB1*02-restricted HPV-16 E7 peptide-specific CD4+ T-cell immune responses correlate with regression of HPV-16-associated high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2479-87. [PMID: 17438108 PMCID: PMC3181117 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The fact that up to 30% of established high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the cervix regress spontaneously presents the opportunity to identify clinically relevant human papillomavirus (HPV) viral epitopes associated with disease outcome. Two human HPV antigens, E6 and E7, are functionally required for initiation and maintenance of cervical cancer precursor lesions and invasive cervical cancer. The identification and characterization of endogenously processed HPV antigenic epitopes in closely characterized patient cohorts will provide insight into the reasons for success or failure of therapeutic approaches. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We characterized the HPV-16 E6/E7-specific T-cell epitopes using E6/E7 overlapping peptide pools with peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from normal healthy donors. We then analyzed the difference in the HPV-16 T-cell immune responses in HPV-16+ HSIL patients with or without spontaneous regression of lesions using the statistical methods. RESULTS We have identified an HPV-16 E7-specific CD4+ T-cell epitope [amino acids (aa) 71-85] that was restricted by HLA-DQB1*0201. Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 14 HLA-DQB1*02 patients with HPV-16+ HSILs showed that the HPV-16+ E7 peptide (aa 71-85)-specific CD4+ T-cell immune response was significantly higher in the group of patients with regression compared with the patients without regression (P value <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The HPV-16 E7 peptide-specific CD4+ T-cell immune response correlates with spontaneous regression of established HPV16+ HSILs. Thus, this E7 epitope may be useful for the characterization of HPV-specific immune responses in patients infected with HPV-16 or immunized with HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cornelia Trimble
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lee Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Drew Pardoll
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T -C. Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Huang CY, Chen CA, Lee CN, Chang MC, Su YN, Lin YC, Hsieh CY, Cheng WF. DNA vaccine encoding heat shock protein 60 co-linked to HPV16 E6 and E7 tumor antigens generates more potent immunotherapeutic effects than respective E6 or E7 tumor antigens. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 107:404-12. [PMID: 17905417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccination based on tumor antigen is an attractive strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. Cervical cancer is highly associated with human papillomavirus, especially type 16. We developed DNA vaccines encoding heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) linked to HPV16 E6 or E7 to test if HSP60 chimeric DNA vaccines may generate strong E6 and/or E7-specific immune response and anti-tumor effects in vaccinated mice. METHODS In vivo antitumor effects such as preventive, therapeutic, and antibody depletion experiments were performed. In vitro assays such as intracellular cytokine stainings, ELISA for Ab responses, and direct and cross-priming effects, were also performed. RESULTS HSP60 chimeric DNA vaccines generated strong E6- or E7-specific immune responses and anti-tumor effects in vaccinated mice via direct and cross-priming effects. HSP60 was also linked with both E6 and E7 antigens and the HSP60/E6/E7 chimeric DNA vaccine generated more potent immunotherapeutic effects on E6- and E7-expressing tumors than HSP60/E6 or HSP60/E7 chimeric DNA vaccine alone. CONCLUSION Utilization of both E6 and E7 tumor antigens can advance the therapy of tumors associated with HPV-infections. The DNA vaccine encoding heat shock protein 60 co-linked to HPV16 E6 and E7 tumor antigens can generate more potent immunotherapeutic effects than E6 or E7 tumor antigens alone.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chaperonin 60/genetics
- Chaperonin 60/immunology
- DNA/administration & dosage
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins
- Papillomavirus Infections/genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Brandsma JL, Shlyankevich M, Zelterman D, Su Y. Therapeutic vaccination of rabbits with a ubiquitin-fused papillomavirus E1, E2, E6 and E7 DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2007; 25:6158-63. [PMID: 17630050 PMCID: PMC2701402 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that intracutaneous vaccination of rabbits with DNA vectors encoding ubiquitin-fused versions of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) early proteins E1, E2, E6 and E7 protected against subsequent challenge with CRPV. Here, we tested the immunotherapeutic activity of a vaccine composed of the four CRPV DNA vectors (designated UbE1267) in rabbits. The results show that the UbE1267 DNA vaccine, relative to empty vector DNA, virtually eliminated papilloma growth in rabbits with subclinical infection and greatly reduced papilloma volumes in rabbits bearing papillomas at the time of vaccination. These results in a physiologically relevant animal model of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection indicate that DNA vaccines targeting the early papillomavirus proteins may have a role in the treatment of HPV-associated lesions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Brandsma
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8016, United States.
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22
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Abstract
Mesothelin has been implicated as a potential ideal target antigen for the development of antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy for the control of mesothelin-expressing cancers such as ovarian cancer, mesothelioma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In the current study, we utilized a DNA vaccine encoding human mesothelin (pcDNA3-Hmeso) to treat C57BL/6 mice challenged with luciferase-expressing, Hmeso-expressing ovarian cancer cell line, Defb29 Vegf-luc/Hmeso. The therapeutic effect of the tumor-challenged mice was followed by noninvasive bioluminescence imaging systems. The mechanism of the antitumor effect was characterized by depletion of subsets of lymphocytes as well as adopted transfer of serum from pcDNA3-Hmeso-vaccinated mice. We found that vaccination with pcDNA3-Hmeso DNA vaccine generates a significant antitumor effect and promotes survival in mice challenged with Defb29 Vegf-luc/Hmeso. Furthermore, we found CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses as well as the humoral immune responses are important for the observed antitumor effects in vaccinated mice. Our data indicated that vaccination with DNA vaccine targeting Hmeso could generate potent antitumor effects against mesothelin-expressing tumors through both T cell-mediated immunity as well as antibody-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-L Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C-F Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Taubman MA, Han X, Larosa KB, Socransky SS, Smith DJ. Periodontal bacterial DNA suppresses the immune response to mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 2007; 75:4088-96. [PMID: 17517867 PMCID: PMC1952018 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00623-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain CpG motifs found in bacterial DNA enhance immune responses through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) and may also demonstrate adjuvant properties. Our objective was to determine if DNA from bacteria associated with periodontal disease could affect the immune response to other bacterial antigens in the oral cavity. Streptococcus sobrinus glucosyltransferase (GTF), an enzyme involved in dental caries pathogenesis, was used as a test antigen. Rowett rats were injected with aluminum hydroxide (alum) with buffer, alum-GTF, or alum-GTF together with either Escherichia coli DNA, Fusobacterium nucleatum DNA, or Porphyromonas gingivalis DNA. Contrary to expectation, animals receiving alum-GTF plus bacterial DNA (P. gingivalis in particular) demonstrated significantly reduced serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, salivary IgA antibody, and T-cell proliferation to GTF compared to animals immunized with alum-GTF alone. A diminished antibody response was also observed after administration of alum-GTF with the P. gingivalis DNA either together or separately, indicating that physical complexing of antigen and DNA was not responsible for the reduction in antibody. Since TLR triggering by DNA induces synthesis of prospective suppressive factors (e.g., suppressor of cytokine signaling [SOCS]), the effects of P. gingivalis DNA and GTF exposure on rat splenocyte production of SOCS family molecules and inflammatory cytokines were investigated in vitro. P. gingivalis DNA significantly up-regulated SOCS1 and SOCS5 expression and down-regulated interleukin-10 expression by cultured splenocytes. These results suggested that DNA from periodontal disease-associated bacteria did not enhance, but in fact suppressed, the immune response to a protein antigen from cariogenic streptococci, potentially through suppressive SOCS components triggered by innate mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Taubman
- Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115-3799, USA.
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24
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Jeon YH, Choi Y, Kim HJ, Kim CW, Jeong JM, Lee DS, Chung JK. Human sodium iodide symporter gene adjunctive radiotherapy to enhance the preventive effect of hMUC1 DNA vaccine. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:1593-9. [PMID: 17565743 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of combination therapy to overcome the limitations of cancer DNA vaccines by adding radioiodine gene therapy in an animal cancer model. We established a stable cell line (CT26/hMUC1-hNIS-Fluc: CMNF) expressing the hMUC1, hNIS and Fluc genes using a retro- and lentivirus system. The survival rates (%) of CMNF cells were determined using clonogenic assays after (131)I treatment. After i.m. immunization to 4 groups of Balb/c mice (pcDNA3.1, pcDNA3.1+(131)I, pcDNA3-hMUC1+PBS and pcDNA3-hMUC1+(131)I groups) with pcDNA3-hMUC1 or pcDNA3.1 once a week for 2 weeks, 1 x 10(5) CMNF cells were injected s.c. into the right thighs of mice in each group. Twenty-one days after tumor transplantation, (131)I was administered i.p. to the pcDNA3.1+(131)I and pcDNA3-hMUC1+ (131)I groups. Tumor progression was monitored in the 4 groups by bioluminescent and scintigraphic imaging and by taking caliper measurements. Tumor masses were extracted and weighted at 39 days post-tumor challenge. We confirmed that CMNF cells highly express hMUC1, hNIS and Fluc by FACS, (125)I uptake, and luciferase assay. The survival rates of CMNF were markedly reduced to (14.6 +/- 1.5)% after (131)I treatment compared with the survival rates of parental cells (p < 0.001). Tumor growth inhibition was significant only in the pcDNA3-hMUC1+ (131)I group at 39 days post challenge. Tumor masses in pcDNA3-hMUC1+ (131)I group were smaller than those of the other groups. This study shows that the weak preventive effects of cancer DNA vaccine can be overcome by radioiodine gene therapy utilizing sodium iodide symporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Yu X, Xiao S, Fang L, Jiang Y, Chen H. Enhanced immunogenicity to food-and-mouth disease virus in mice vaccination with alphaviral replicon-based DNA vaccine expressing the capsid precursor polypeptide (P1). Virus Genes 2006; 33:337-44. [PMID: 16991005 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-005-0073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, alphavirus replicon-based DNA vaccines, also known as suicidal DNA vaccines, have emerged as an important strategy to enhance the potency of DNA vaccines. In this study, two different types of DNA vaccines encoding the capsid precursor polypeptide (P1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) were constructed and the immunogenicity were investigated and compared in mouse model. The first DNA vaccine, pcDP1, is a conventional plasmid DNA vaccine in which P1 was driven directly by a cytomegalovirus promoter. The second DNA vaccine, pSCAP1, is a Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon-based DNA vaccine encoding the same antigen. In vitro expression and characterization indicated that two vaccine vectors could correctly produce the P1 antigen. However, pSCAP1 could induce obvious apoptosis of the transfected cells. After immunization in BALB/c mice, the P1-specific ELISA antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, as well as lymphocyte proliferative responses induced by pSCAP1 were significantly higher than those obtained in mice immunized with pcDP1. Notably, mice immunized with the pSCAP1 had the determined ability of clearing virus in their sera after FMDV challenge. These results indicate that the SFV replicon-based DNA vaccine pSCAP1 are more effective than conventional DNA vaccine and it can be considered a promising approach for the development of a safety and efficacious vaccine against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
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26
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Abstract
The development of cancer vaccines, aimed to enhance the immune response against a tumor, is a promising area of research. A better understanding of both the molecular mechanisms that govern the generation of an effective immune response and the biology of a tumor has contributed to substantial progress in the field. Areas of intense investigation in cancer immunotherapy will be discussed here, including: (1) the discovery and characterization of novel tumor antigens to be used as targets for vaccination; (2) the investigation of different vaccine-delivery modalities such as cellular-based vaccines, protein- and peptide-based vaccines, and vector-based vaccines; (3) the characterization of biological adjuvants to further improve the immunogenicity of a vaccine; and (4) the investigation of multimodal therapies where vaccines are being combined with other oncological treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy. A compilation of data from preclinical studies conducted in vitro as well as in animal models is presented here. The results from these studies would certainly support the development of new vaccination strategies toward cancer vaccines with enhanced clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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27
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U'Ren L, Kedl R, Dow S. Vaccination with liposome--DNA complexes elicits enhanced antitumor immunity. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13:1033-44. [PMID: 16841080 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes have been shown to potentiate markedly the ability of plasmid DNA to activate innate immune responses. We reasoned therefore that liposome-DNA complexes (LDC) could be used to produce more effective plasmid DNA vaccines for cancer. To test this hypothesis, tumor-bearing mice were vaccinated with conventional plasmid DNA vaccines or with LDC vaccines encoding model tumor antigens and CD8(+) T-cell responses and antitumor activity were assessed. We found that although plasmid DNA vaccines generated large increases in antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, they failed to elicit significant antitumor immunity. In contrast, LDC vaccines elicited large numbers of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells and also generated significant antitumor activity against established tumors. The antitumor activity elicited by immunization with LDC vaccines was mediated primarily by CD8(+) T cells. Studies of the interaction of LDC with antigen-presenting cells found that LDC triggered dendritic cell production of interleukin-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production by natural killer cells in vivo. Activation by LDC was also accompanied by upregulation of costimulatory molecule expression. These findings suggest that by concurrently activating strong systemic innate immune responses and generating cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses, LDC may be used to increase the effectiveness of therapeutic plasmid DNA vaccination for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L U'Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, CO 80523, USA
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28
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Lin CT, Tsai YC, He L, Calizo R, Chou HH, Chang TC, Soong YK, Hung CF, Lai CH. A DNA vaccine encoding a codon-optimized human papillomavirus type 16 E6 gene enhances CTL response and anti-tumor activity. J Biomed Sci 2006; 13:481-8. [PMID: 16649071 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-006-9086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are consistently expressed in HPV-associated cancer cells and are responsible for their malignant transformation. Therefore, HPV E6 and E7 are ideal target antigens for developing vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against HPV-associated neoplasms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that codon optimization of the HPV-16 E7 gene resulted in highly efficient translation of E7 and increased the immunogenicity of E7-specific DNA vaccines. Since vaccines targeting E6 also represent an important strategy for controlling HPV-associated lesions, we developed a codon-optimized HPV-16 E6 DNA vaccine (pNGVL4a-E6/opt) and characterized the E6-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses as well as the protective and therapeutic anti-tumor effects in vaccinated C57BL/6 mice. Our data indicated that transfection of human embryonic kidney cells (293 cells) with pNGVL4a-E6/opt resulted in highly efficient translation of E6. In addition, vaccination with pNGVL4a-E6/opt significantly enhanced E6-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses in C57BL/6 mice. Mice vaccinated with pNGVL4a-E6/opt are able to generate potent protective and therapeutic antitumor effects against challenge with E6-expressing tumor cell line, TC-1. Thus, DNA vaccines encoding a codon-optimized HPV-16 E6 may be a promising strategy for improving the potency of prophylactic and therapeutic HPV vaccines with potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tao Lin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chung Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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29
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Zhao KJ, Cheng H, Zhu KJ, Xu Y, Chen ML, Zhang X, Song T, Ye J, Wang Q, Chen DF. Recombined DNA vaccines encoding calreticulin linked to HPV6bE7 enhance immune response and inhibit angiogenic activity in B16 melanoma mouse model expressing HPV 6bE7 antigen. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 298:64-72. [PMID: 16710741 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-006-0659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2005] [Revised: 01/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) has been reported to have an effect of upregulating MHC class I presentation as well as inhibiting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Combination of dual mechanisms of enhanced immunogenicity of human papillomavirus (HPV) 6bE7 antigen and antiangiogenesis may be introduced in the strategy of vaccines against condyloma acuminatum (CA) resulting from HPV infection. Therefore, we constructed DNA vaccines by employing different lengths of CRT chimerically linked to a model antigen HPV6bE7 and investigated the immunological and antiangiogenic effects of these vaccines in a B16 melanoma model that express HPV6bE7 antigen. Our results showed that vaccination with CRT180/HPV6bE7 or CRT120/HPV6bE7 enhanced the presence of CD8(+) T cells and TCRgammadelta T cells in vivo, increased the specific lysis activity against E7-expressing cells and secretion levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by activating T cells in vitro significantly. Moreover, recombined CRT180 or CRT120 with HPV6bE7 vaccines could elicit a more efficient E7-specific immune response than HPV6bE7 alone. The similarity of immunological enhancement of CRT180/HPV6bE7 and CRT120/HPV6bE7 implies that the immunologically active region mainly exist in fragment 1-120 aa. Furthermore, CRT180/HPV6bE7 and CRT180 displayed remarkable superiority over CRT120/HPV6bE7 in vivo angiogenesis assay, suggesting that the antiangiogenic activity of CRT resides in a domain between aa 120 and 180. Vaccination with CRT180/HPV6bE7 generated the best protective effect of delaying tumor formation and reduction of tumor size in tumor growth inhibition experiment among all DNA constructs. Therefore, CRT180/HPV6bE7 vaccine may enhance the immunological response to HPV6bE7 and inhibit angiogenesis. This construct may be useful in preventing HPV-associated dermatosis and may be developed as a promising strategy to control CA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Calbindin 2
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Condylomata Acuminata/immunology
- Condylomata Acuminata/pathology
- Condylomata Acuminata/therapy
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Female
- Human papillomavirus 6/genetics
- Human papillomavirus 6/immunology
- Human papillomavirus 6/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Plasmids/genetics
- S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/genetics
- S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/pharmacology
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jia Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, People's Republic of China
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30
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López E, del Pozo V, Miguel T, Sastre B, Seoane C, Civantos E, Llanes E, Baeza ML, Palomino P, Cárdaba B, Gallardo S, Manzarbeitia F, Zubeldia JM, Lahoz C. Inhibition of chronic airway inflammation and remodeling by galectin-3 gene therapy in a murine model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:1943-50. [PMID: 16424226 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that treatment of acute asthmatic rats with gene therapy using plasmid-encoding Galectin-3 (Gal-3) resulted in an improvement of cellular and functional respiratory parameters. The next question that we wanted to clarify was if in a chronic situation where the treated animal continues to inhale the Ag, does this procedure prevent the chronicity and the remodeling? Chronic inflammation was induced by intranasal administration of OVA over a period of 12 wk. In the treated group, the Gal-3 gene was introduced by intranasal instillation in 50 mul of plasmid-encoding Gal-3. Noninvasive airway responsiveness to methacholine was tested at different times. Cells were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and used for RNA extraction and cytometric studies. Eosinophils were counted in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Real-time PCR was used to measure Gal-3 and cytokine mRNA expression in lung. Lungs were paraffined and histologic analyses were performed (H&E, periodic acid-Schiff, and Masson Trichrome stain). Our results showed that 12 wk after the first intranasal Ag instillation in chronically asthmatic mice, treatment with the Gal-3 gene led to an improvement in the eosinophil count and the normalization of hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Concomitantly, this treatment resulted in an improvement in mucus secretion and subepithelial fibrosis in the chronically asthmatic mice, with a quantitatively measured reduction in lung collagen, a prominent feature of airway remodeling. Plasmid-encoding Gal-3 acts as a novel treatment for chronic asthma in mice producing nearly complete blockade of Ag responses with respect to eosinophil airway accumulation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther López
- Immunology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Capio, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Lee JS, Kim IS, Sohn WM, Lee J, Yong TS. A DNA Vaccine Encoding a Fatty Acid-Binding Protein of Clonorchis sinensis Induces Protective Immune Response in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Scand J Immunol 2006; 63:169-76. [PMID: 16499569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, the Chinese liver fluke, resides chronically in the biliary tract, and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is known to play an important role in the intracellular transport of long-chain fatty acids obtained from the host. Although FABP has stimulated considerable interest as a vaccine candidate, the nature of C. sinensis FABP (CsFABP) remains unclear. We investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding CsFABP. The intradermal injection of plasmid DNA carrying the CsFABP gene (pcDNA3.1-FABP) into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats induced both humoural and cellular immune responses. Animals injected with pcDNA3.1-FABP developed FABP-specific antibody, which is dominance of IgG2a in sera. In addition, the DNA vaccine elicited the production of IFN-gamma, but not the production of IL-4 in spleen cells stimulated with recombinant FABP. Moreover, pcDNA3.1-FABP induced a significant level of protection, decreased worm burden (40.9%, P<0.05) in SD rats against C. sinensis metacerariae challenge. These results suggest that pcDNA3.1-FABP induces a typical T helper-1-dominated immune response and it is a good candidate for use in future clonorchiasis vaccination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Lee
- Department of Biology, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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32
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Hong Y, Ruan B, Yang LH, Chen Y, Jing L, Wang YT, Hu HJ. Hepatitis E virus chimeric DNA vaccine elicits immunologic response in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:6713-5. [PMID: 16425371 PMCID: PMC4355771 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i42.6713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct the plasmid pcHEV23 containing fragments of HEV ORF2 and ORF3 chimeric gene and to assess its ability to elicit specific immunologic response in mice.
METHODS: The gene encoding the structural protein of HEV ORF2 fragment and full-length ORF3 was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were cloned into an eucaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3. The resulting plasmid pcHEV23 was used as a DNA vaccine to inoculate BALB/c mice intramuscularly thrice at a dose of 100 or 200 μg. Mice injected with empty pcDNA3 DNA or saline served as control and then specific immune responses in the mice were detected.
RESULTS: After 2-3 times of inoculation, all mice injected with pcHEV23 had anti-HEV IgG seroconversion and specific T lymphocyte proliferation. The lymphocyte stimulation index in the group immunized with pcHEV23 (3.1±0.49) was higher than that in the control group (0.787±0.12, P<0.01). None in the control group had a detectable level of anti-HEV IgG.
CONCLUSION: DNA vaccine containing HEV ORF2 and ORF3 chimeric gene can successfully induce specific humoral and cellular immune response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
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33
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Estcourt MJ, Létourneau S, McMichael AJ, Hanke T. Vaccine route, dose and type of delivery vector determine patterns of primary CD8+ T cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:2532-40. [PMID: 16144036 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of primary CD8+ T cell responses following administration of modified virus Ankara (MVA)- and DNA-vectored vaccines was investigated in a mouse model. To overcome the low frequency of naive antigen-specific precursors and follow the early expansion events, naive CFSE-labelled T cell receptor-transgenic F5 lymphocytes were transferred into syngeneic non-transgenic recipients prior to vaccination. Using the i.d., i.v. and i.m. routes and increasing recombinant MVA (rMVA) vaccine doses, the primary response was analysed on a divisional basis at local and distant lymphoid organs at various times after vaccination. The results indicated that F5 cell divisions were initiated in the local draining lymph nodes and cells only after five to six divisions appeared at more distant sites. The rMVA dose affected frequencies of cells entering division and at the peak response. When priming induced by rMVA and plasmid DNA was compared, dramatic differences in the cycling patterns were observed with plasmid DNA inducing a response slower and more sustained over the first 2 wk than rMVA. Both rMVA and DNA induced comparable IFN-gamma production, which increased with cell divisions. Taken together, the vaccine type, dose and route have a strong influence on the spatial and temporal patterns of initial T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Estcourt
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The John Radcliffe, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Huang CM, Shi Z, DeSilva TS, Yamamoto M, Van Kampen KR, Elmets CA, Tang DCC. A differential proteome in tumors suppressed by an adenovirus-based skin patch vaccine encoding human carcinoembryonic antigen. Proteomics 2005; 5:1013-23. [PMID: 15717328 PMCID: PMC3035721 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We created an anti-tumor vaccine by using adenovirus as a vector which contains a cytomegalovirus early promoter-directed human carcinoembryonic antigen gene (AdCMV-hCEA). In an attempt to develop the skin patch vaccine, we epicutaneously vaccinated Balb/c mice with AdCMV-hCEA. After nine weeks post-immunization, vaccinated mice evoked a robust antibody titer to CEA and demonstrated the capability of suppressing in vivo growth of implanted murine mammay adenocarioma cell line (JC-hCEA) tumor cells derived from a female Balb/c mouse. Proteomic analysis of the tumor masses in the non-vaccinated naive and vaccinated mice reveal that six proteins change their abundance in the tumor mass. The levels of adenylate kinase 1, beta-enolase, creatine kinase M chain, hemoglobin beta chain and prohibitin were statistically increased whereas the level of a creatine kinase fragment, which is undocumented, was decreased in the tumor of vaccinated mice. These proteins may provide a vital link between early-stage tumor suppression and immune response of skin patch vaccination.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Creatine Kinase/metabolism
- Cytomegalovirus/genetics
- Databases, Protein
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proteomics/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masato Yamamoto
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - De-chu C. Tang
- Department of Dermatology
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Vaxin Inc., Birmingham, AL, USA
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35
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Abstract
The field of DNA vaccines can trace its inception to two papers which demonstrated that administration of plasmid DNA vectors expressing proteins resulted in expression in situ. Thereafter, the possible application of this technique to vaccine development was demonstrated through the induction of antibody responses in mice against a foreign protein, cellular immune responses against a viral antigen and protective efficacy in an infectious disease challenge model. Subsequently, the general utility of DNA vaccines in animal models of infectious and non-infectious disease has been established (for review, see [5]). Initially, most efforts were directed toward demonstration of effectiveness in particular disease models. Recently, however, more attention has been paid to gaining a better understanding of some of the underlying mechanisms of DNA vaccines. This review will focus on this new information and discuss it in the context of how it could benefit the development of more effective DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Selby
- Vaccines Research, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Lin CT, Chang TC, Chao A, Dzeng E, Soong YK, Hung CF, Lai CH. Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency through linkage of antigen gene to ER chaperone molecules, ER-60, tapasin, and calnexin. J Biomed Sci 2005; 12:279-87. [PMID: 15918000 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-005-0334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines have emerged as an attractive approach for generating antigen-specific immunotherapy. Strategies that enhance antigen presentation may potentially be used to enhance DNA vaccine potency. Previous experiments showed that chimeric DNA vaccines utilizing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone molecules, such as Calreticulin (CRT), linked to an antigen were capable of generating antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses in vaccinated mice. In this study, we tested DNA vaccines encoding the ER chaperone molecules ER-60, tapasin (Tap), or calnexin (Cal), linked to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 for their abilities to generate E7-specific T cell-mediated immune responses and antitumor effects in vaccinated mice. Our results demonstrated that vaccination with DNA encoding any of these chaperone molecules linked to E7 led to a significant increase in the frequency of E7-specific CD8+ T cell precursors and generated stronger antitumor effects against an E7-expressing tumor in vaccinated mice compared to vaccination with wild-type E7 DNA. Our data suggest that DNA vaccines employing these ER chaperone molecules linked to antigen may enhance antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses, resulting in a significantly more potent DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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38
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Sanchez AE, Aquino G, Ostoa-Saloma P, Laclette JP, Rocha-Zavaleta L. Cholera toxin B-subunit gene enhances mucosal immunoglobulin A, Th1-type, and CD8+ cytotoxic responses when coadministered intradermally with a DNA vaccine. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 11:711-9. [PMID: 15242946 PMCID: PMC440597 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.4.711-719.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A plasmid vector encoding the cholera toxin B subunit (pCtB) was evaluated as an intradermal genetic adjuvant for a model DNA vaccine expressing the human papillomavirus type 16 L1 capsid gene (p16L1) in mice. p16L1 was coadministered with plasmid pCtB or commercial polypeptide CtB as a positive control. Coadministration of pCtB induced a significant increment of specific anti-L1 immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in cervical secretions (P < 0.05) and fecal extracts (P < 0.005). Additionally, coadministration of pCtB enhanced the production of interleukin-2 and gamma interferon by spleen cells but did not affect the production of interleukin-4, suggesting a Th1-type helper response. Furthermore, improved CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxic activity was observed in mice vaccinated with the DNA vaccine with pCtB as an adjuvant. This adjuvant effect was comparable to that induced by the CtB polypeptide. These results indicate that intradermal coadministration of pCtB is an adequate means to enhance the mucosa-, Th1-, and CD8(+)-mediated cytotoxic responses induced by a DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba E Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Research, National University of Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Choo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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40
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Campoli M, Ferrone S. T-cell-based immunotherapy of melanoma: what have we learned and how can we improve? Expert Rev Vaccines 2004; 3:171-87. [PMID: 15056043 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.3.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The lack of effective treatment for advanced stage melanoma by conventional therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy, has highlighted the need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies. Among them, immunotherapy has attracted much attention because of the potential role played by immunological events in the clinical course of melanoma and the availability of well-characterized melanoma antigens to target melanoma lesions with immunological effector mechanisms. In recent years, T-cell-based immunotherapy has been emphasized, in part because of the disappointing results of the antibody-based trials conducted in the early 1980s, and in part because of the postulated major role played by T-cells in tumor growth control. In this review, the characteristics of antibody and T-cell-defined melanoma antigens will first be described, with emphasis on those used in clinical trials. Following a review of the current immunization and immunomonitoring strategies, the results from the T-cell-based immunotherapy clinical trials conducted to date will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Campoli
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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41
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Cook RM, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Wilding G, LoVerde PT. Nucleic acid vaccination with Schistosoma mansoni antioxidant enzyme cytosolic superoxide dismutase and the structural protein filamin confers protection against the adult worm stage. Infect Immun 2004; 72:6112-24. [PMID: 15385516 PMCID: PMC517585 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.10.6112-6124.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a worldwide endemic cause of chronic and debilitating illness. There are two paradigms that exist in schistosome immunology. The first is that the schistosomule stages are the most susceptible to immune killing, and the second is that the adult stage, through evolution of defense mechanisms, can survive in the hostile host environment. One mechanism that seems to aid the adult worm in evading immune killing is the expression of antioxidant enzymes to neutralize the effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Here, we challenge one paradigm by targeting adult Schistosoma mansoni worms for immune elimination in an experimental mouse model using two S. mansoni antioxidants, cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SmCT-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (SmGPX), and a partial coding sequence for a structural protein, filamin, as DNA vaccine candidates. DNA vaccination with SmCT-SOD induced a mean of 39% protection, filamin induced a mean of 50% protection, and SmGPX induced no protection compared to controls following challenge with adult worms by surgical transfer. B- and T-cell responses were analyzed in an attempt to define the protective immune mechanism(s) involved in adult worm killing. SmCT-SOD-immunized mice presented with a T1 response, and filamin-immunized mice showed a mixed T1-T2 response. We provide evidence for natural boosting after vaccination. Our results demonstrate that adult worms can be targeted for immune elimination through vaccination. This represents an advance in schistosome vaccinology and allows for the development of a therapeutic as well as a prophylactic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary M Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
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42
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Peng S, Ji H, Trimble C, He L, Tsai YC, Yeatermeyer J, Boyd DAK, Hung CF, Wu TC. Development of a DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus type 16 oncoprotein E6. J Virol 2004; 78:8468-76. [PMID: 15280455 PMCID: PMC479075 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.16.8468-8476.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly type 16 (HPV-16), is present in more than 99% of cervical cancers. The HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are constantly expressed and therefore represent ideal targets for HPV vaccine development. We previously developed DNA vaccines encoding calreticulin (CRT) linked to HPV-16 E7 and generated potent E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses and antitumor effects against an E7-expressing tumor. Since vaccines targeting E6 also represent an important strategy for controlling HPV-associated lesions, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding CRT linked to E6 (CRT/E6). Our results indicated that the CRT/E6 DNA vaccine, but not a wild-type E6 DNA vaccine, generated significant E6-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses in vaccinated mice. Mapping of the immunodominant epitope of E6 revealed that an E6 peptide comprising amino acids (aa) 48 to 57 (E6 aa48-57), presented by H-2K(b), is the optimal peptide and that the region of E6 comprising aa 50 to 57 represents the minimal core sequence required for activating E6-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes. We also demonstrated that E6 aa48-57 contains cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes naturally presented by E6-expressing TC-1 cells. Vaccination with a CRT/E6 but not a CRT/mtE6 (lacking aa 50 to 57 of E6) DNA vaccine could protect vaccinated mice from challenge with E6-expressing TC-1 tumors. Thus, our data indicate that E6 aa48-57 contains the immunodominant epitope and that a CRT/E6 DNA vaccine may be useful for control of HPV infection and HPV-associated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross 512H, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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43
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Wong SBJ, Buck CB, Shen X, Siliciano RF. An Evaluation of Enforced Rapid Proteasomal Degradation as a Means of Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:3073-83. [PMID: 15322167 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 Gag protein is an attractive target for CTL-based vaccine strategies because it shows less sequence variability than other HIV-1 proteins. In an attempt to increase the immunogenicity of HIV-1 Gag, we created Gag variants that were targeted to the proteasomal pathway for rapid degradation. This enhanced rate of degradation was associated with increased presentation of MHC class I-associated antigenic peptides on the cell surface. Despite this, immunizing mice with either plasmid DNA or recombinant vaccinia vectors expressing unstable Gag failed to produce significant increases in bulk CTL responses or Ag-specific production of IFN-gamma by CD8(+) T cells compared with mice immunized with stable forms of Gag. Production of IFN-gamma by CD4(+) T cells was also impaired, and we speculate that the abrogation of CD4(+) T cell help was responsible for the impaired CTL response. These results suggest that vaccine strategies designed to increase the density of peptide-MHC class I complexes on the surfaces of APC may not necessarily enhance immunogenicity with respect to CTL responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Justin Wong
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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44
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Grønevik E, Tollefsen S, Sikkeland LIB, Haug T, Tjelle TE, Mathiesen I. DNA transfection of mononuclear cells in muscle tissue. J Gene Med 2004; 5:909-917. [PMID: 14533200 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes encoding non-self proteins may be injected into skeletal muscles in vivo to obtain induction of cellular and humoral immune responses against the encoded antigens (DNA vaccination). Bone marrow derived professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a key role in the induction of immunity by DNA vaccination. In the present work we have investigated whether the APCs are transfected by DNA injection into muscle. METHODS DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into rat and mouse limb muscle and followed by electroporation. Whole mount muscle tissue with GFP-positive mononuclear cells (MNCs) were treated with immunocytochemical markers specific for leukocytes, and studied with fluorescent microscopy. To detect transfected cells migrating to peripheral lymphoid tissue RT-PCR was applied on RNA isolated from the draining popliteal lymph node and spleen. Lymphoid tissue was also analyzed with real-time PCR for distribution of the injected plasmid. RESULTS MNCs were transfected after intramuscular DNA injection, and, following DNA injection with electroporation, the number of GFP-positive MNCs increased 6-fold in rats and 14-fold in mice. None of the GFP-positive MNCs were stained with leukocyte-specific antibodies. Even though GFP encoding DNA was detected in the popliteal lymph node, no RNA encoding GFP was found in the lymph node or spleen. However, MHC II-positive cells in the muscle tissue appeared preferentially around the transfected MNCs. CONCLUSIONS Many MNCs in the muscle are transfected after intramuscular DNA injection. Electroporation significantly increases the number of transfected MNCs. None of the observed transfected MNCs however were leukocytes. MHC II-positive cells accumulated around transfected MNCs; this suggests that transfer of antigen from transfected MNCs to APCs may contribute to the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Grønevik
- Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Box 1103 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Tollefsen
- Immunological institute, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Terje Haug
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Iacob Mathiesen
- Inovio AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
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45
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Rottinghaus ST, Poland GA, Jacobson RM, Barr LJ, Roy MJ. Hepatitis B DNA vaccine induces protective antibody responses in human non-responders to conventional vaccination. Vaccine 2004; 21:4604-8. [PMID: 14575774 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel DNA vaccine against hepatitis B virus was administered intraepidermally by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) to 16 human subjects who demonstrated absent or non-sustainable responses to conventional hepatitis B vaccination. Eleven subjects received three doses of vaccine at 56-day intervals, and five subjects received only a single vaccination. Each dose of vaccine contained 4 microg of plasmid DNA encoding the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The vaccine was safe and well tolerated. Remarkably, the DNA vaccine elicited antibody responses in 12 of the 16 subjects after a licensed subunit vaccine failed to induce a lasting response after >/=3 vaccinations. This study provides evidence in humans for protective immunogenicity of a particle-mediated DNA vaccine in subjects who have responded suboptimally to conventional vaccination.
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46
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Giri M, Ugen KE, Weiner DB. DNA vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the past decade. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17:370-89. [PMID: 15084506 PMCID: PMC387404 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.17.2.370-389.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews advances in the field of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and AIDS vaccine development over the last decade, with an emphasis on the DNA vaccination approach. Despite the discovery of HIV-1 and AIDS in humans nearly 20 years ago, there is no vaccine yet that can prevent HIV-1 infection. The focus has shifted toward developing vaccines that can control virus replication and disease progression by eliciting broadly cross-reactive T-cell responses. Among several approaches evaluated, the DNA-based modality has shown considerable promise in terms of its ability to elicit cellular immune responses in primate studies. Of great importance are efforts aimed at improvement of the potency of this modality in the clinic. The review discusses principles of DNA vaccine design and the various mechanisms of plasmid-encoded antigen presentation. The review also outlines current DNA-based vaccine strategies and vectors that have successfully been shown to control virus replication and slow disease progression in animal models. Finally, it lists recent strategies that have been developed as well as novel approaches under consideration to enhance the immunogenicity of plasmid-encoded HIV-1 antigen in various animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavika Giri
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Pêche H, van Denderen B, Roussel JC, Trinité B, Soulillou JP, Cuturi MC. Presentation of donor major histocompatibility complex class II antigens by dna vaccination prolongs heart allograft survival. Transplantation 2004; 77:733-40. [PMID: 15021837 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000114613.70156.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens play an important role in both allograft rejection and tolerance. With the use of several animal models, it has been shown that presentation of donor antigens before transplantation can lead to allograft tolerance. Vaccination of animals with a DNA plasmid encoding an antigen enables highly efficient expression of the protein in vivo. METHODS In this study, we used DNA vaccination delivered through intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or intravenous routes to indirectly present donor antigens and to determine the effect in the modulation of the allograft response. LEW.1A recipients of a LEW.1W heart allograft were treated before grafting by vaccination with a plasmid encoding the donor RT1.D MHC class II or RT1.A class I molecules. RESULTS Only anti-MHC II vaccination significantly prolonged allograft survival compared with untreated rats. We observed a significant prolongation of heart allograft survival with the intramuscular route of injection, but surprisingly we found the intravenous and intraperitoneal routes to be the best. CONCLUSION After transplantation the anti-donor cellular response was significantly decreased in vaccinated rats. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in interferon-gamma mRNA expression in the grafted hearts and T helper 1-type alloantibody production, indicating that the vaccination modifies the alloresponse against the grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pêche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 437 and Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, Nantes, France
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Kim JW, Hung CF, Juang J, He L, Kim TW, Armstrong DK, Pai SI, Chen PJ, Lin CT, Boyd DA, Wu TC. Comparison of HPV DNA vaccines employing intracellular targeting strategies. Gene Ther 2004; 11:1011-8. [PMID: 14985791 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intradermal vaccination via gene gun efficiently delivers DNA vaccines into dendritic cells (DCs) of the skin, resulting in the activation and priming of antigen-specific T cells in vivo. In the context of DNA vaccines, we previously used the gene gun approach to test several intracellular targeting strategies that are able to route a model antigen, such as the human papillomavirus type-16 (HPV-16) E7, to desired subcellular compartments in order to enhance antigen processing and presentation to T cells. These strategies include the use of the sorting signal of lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP-1), Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), calreticulin (CRT) and the translocation domain (dII) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA). Vaccination with DNA vaccines encoding E7 antigen linked to any of these molecules all led to a significant enhancement of E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses and strong antitumor effects against an E7-expressing tumor, TC-1. However, we were interested in identifying the most potent DNA vaccine for our future clinical trials. Thus, we performed a series of experiments to directly compare the potency of the various DNA vaccines. Among the DNA vaccines we tested, we found that vaccination with pcDNA3-CRT/E7 generated the highest number of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells and potent long-term protection and treatment effects against E7-expressing tumors in mice. Interestingly, we observed that pcDNA3-CRT/E7 is also capable of protecting against an E7-expressing tumor with downregulated MHC class I expression, a common feature associated with most HPV-associated cervical cancers. Our data suggest that the DNA vaccine linking CRT to E7 (CRT/E7) may be a suitable candidate for human trials for the control of HPV infections and HPV-associated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Kim
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Tanaka M, Yamada M, Ono T, Noguchi Y, Uenaka A, Ota S, Hata H, Harada M, Tanimoto M, Nakayama E. Inhibition of RL male 1 tumor growth in BALB/c mice by introduction of the RLakt gene coding for antigen recognized by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and the GM-CSF gene by in vivo electroporation. Cancer Sci 2004; 95:154-9. [PMID: 14965366 PMCID: PMC11158414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 12/17/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA vaccine for inducing a tumor immune response was investigated using a well-characterized murine model tumor antigen. We demonstrated that in vivo electroporation augmented the induction of IFNgamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation against pRL1a peptide in BALB/c spleen cells upon immunization with RLakt plasmid. Immunization without in vivo electroporation resulted in only a marginal induction of IFNgamma ELISPOT and CTL generation. Furthermore, co-injection of GM-CSF and RLakt plasmids significantly enhanced the induction of IFNgamma ELISPOT and CTL generation compared to the injection of RLakt plasmid alone. Inhibition of RL male 1 tumor growth was observed by injecting BALB/c mice with GM-CSF and RLakt plasmids using in vivo electroporation, although no effect was observed against an established tumor using the same treatment. No growth inhibition was observed without in vivo electroporation. Immunization with either RLakt plasmid alone, or GM-CSF and pCIneo control plasmids using in vivo electroporation did not inhibit RL male 1 tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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50
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Baumeister MA, Chattergoon MA, Weiner DB. Prospects for an HIV vaccine: conventional approaches and DNA immunization. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2003; 19:205-42. [PMID: 12520879 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2002.10648030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Baumeister
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 505 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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