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Yamamoto H, Uramaru N, Kawashima A, Higuchi T. Carbonic anhydrase 3 increases during liver adipogenesis even in pre-obesity, and its inhibitors reduce liver adipose accumulation. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:827-834. [PMID: 35108454 PMCID: PMC8972057 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver that occurs after high caloric intake is the main cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Differences between samples from healthy livers and livers from individuals with NAFLD indicate that changes in liver function occur during disease progression. Here, we examined changes in protein expression in a fatty liver model in the early stages of obesity to identify potential alterations in function. The proteins expressed in the liver tissue of pre‐obese rats were separated via SDS/PAGE and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue‐G250. Peptide mass fingerprinting indicated an increase in the expression of carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3) relative to controls. Western blotting analysis confirmed the increase in CA3 expression, even in an early fat‐accumulation state in which excessive weight gain had not yet occurred. In human hepatoma HepG2 cells, fat accumulation induced with oleic acid also resulted in increased CA3 expression. When the cells were in a state of fat accumulation, treating them with the CA3 inhibitors acetazolamide (ACTZ) or 6‐ethoxyzolamide (ETZ) suppressed fat accumulation, but only ETZ somewhat reduced the fat‐induced upregulation of CA3 expression. Expression of CA3 was therefore upregulated in response to the consumption of a high‐fat diet, even in the absence of an increase in body weight. The suppression of CA3 activity by ACTZ or ETZ reduced fat accumulation in hepatocytes, suggesting that CA3 is involved in the development of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Azusa Kawashima
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Higuchi
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
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Zhang XM, Tao YH, Zhou XL, Shang XL, Gong XB, Liu YC, Huang YY, Chen G, Yu ZY, Wang JT, Du ZG, Wu GF, Zhang Y, Guo JC, Zhou HG. The role of carbonic anhydrase III and autophagy in type 2 diabetes with cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2329-2341. [PMID: 34665375 PMCID: PMC8580918 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases among the elderly people. The T2DM increases the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCD), and the main pathological change of the CCD is atherosclerosis (AS). Meanwhile, the carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are involved in the formation and progression of plaques in AS. However, the exact physiological mechanism of carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) has not been clear yet, and there are also no correlation study between CAIII protein and T2DM with CCD. The 8-week old diabetic mice (db/db-/- mice) and wild-type mice (wt mice) were feed by a normal diet till 32 weeks, and detected the carotid artery vascular opening angle using the method of biomechanics; The changes of cerebral cortex and myocardium were watched by the ultrastructure, and the autophagy were observed by electron microscope; The tissue structure, inflammation and cell injury were observed by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; The apoptosis of cells were observed by TUNEL staining; The protein levels of CAIII, IL-17, p53 were detected by immunohistochemical and Western Blot, and the Beclin-1, LC3, NF-κB were detected by Western Blot. All statistical analysis is performed using PRISM software. Compared with wt mice, db/db-/- mice' carotid artery open angle increased significantly. Electron microscope results indicated that autophagy in db/db-/- mice cerebral cortex and heart tissue decreased and intracellular organelle ultrastructure were damaged. HE staining indicated that, db/db-/- mice' cerebral cortex and heart tissue stained lighter, inflammatory cells infiltration, cell edema were obvious, myocardial fibers were disorder, and myocardial cells showed different degrees of degeneration. Compared with wt mice, TUNEL staining showed that there was obviously increase in db/db-/- mice cortex and heart tissue cell apoptosis. The results of immunohistochemistry and Western Blot indicated that CAIII, Beclin-1 and LC3II/I expression levels conspicuously decreased in cortex and heart tissue of db/db-/- mice, and the expression level of IL-17, NF-κB and p53 obviously increased. The carotid artery' vascular stiffness was increased and which was probably related with formation of AS in diabetic mice. And the autophagy participated in the occurrence and development of diabetic CCD. CAIII protein might somehow be involved in the regulation of autophagy probably through affecting cell apoptosis and inflammation, but the underlying mechanism remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying-Hong Tao
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan Univesity, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xi-Liang Shang
- Department of Sport Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Gong
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying-Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yan-Yan Huang
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yu
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian-Tao Wang
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zun-Guo Du
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guo-Feng Wu
- Department of Emergency Neurology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jing-Chun Guo
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Hou-Guang Zhou
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Renner SW, Walker LM, Forsberg LJ, Sexton JZ, Brenman JE. Carbonic anhydrase III (Car3) is not required for fatty acid synthesis and does not protect against high-fat diet induced obesity in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176502. [PMID: 28437447 PMCID: PMC5402959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the reversible condensation of water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid, which spontaneously dissociates to bicarbonate. Carbonic anhydrase III (Car3) is nutritionally regulated at both the mRNA and protein level. It is highly enriched in tissues that synthesize and/or store fat: liver, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Previous characterization of Car3 knockout mice focused on mice fed standard diets, not high-fat diets that significantly alter the tissues that highly express Car3. We observed lower protein levels of Car3 in high-fat diet fed mice treated with niclosamide, a drug published to improve fatty liver symptoms in mice. However, it is unknown if Car3 is simply a biomarker reflecting lipid accumulation or whether it has a functional role in regulating lipid metabolism. We focused our in vitro studies toward metabolic pathways that require bicarbonate. To further determine the role of Car3 in metabolism, we measured de novo fatty acid synthesis with in vitro radiolabeled experiments and examined metabolic biomarkers in Car3 knockout and wild type mice fed high-fat diet. Specifically, we analyzed body weight, body composition, metabolic rate, insulin resistance, serum and tissue triglycerides. Our results indicate that Car3 is not required for de novo lipogenesis, and Car3 knockout mice fed high-fat diet do not have significant differences in responses to various diets to wild type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Renner
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lauren M. Walker
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Forsberg
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jay E. Brenman
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Miller I, Diepenbroek C, Rijntjes E, Renaut J, Teerds KJ, Kwadijk C, Cambier S, Murk AJ, Gutleb AC, Serchi T. Gender specific differences in the liver proteome of rats exposed to short term and low-concentration hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1273-1283. [PMID: 30090431 PMCID: PMC6062380 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of short term (7-day) exposure of male rats to the brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was studied by investigation of the liver proteome, both in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats and by comparing results with general data on animal physiology and thyroid hormone, leptin, insulin and gonadotropin concentrations determined in parallel. Proteome analysis of liver tissue by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) revealed that only small protein pattern changes were induced by exposure in males, on just a few proteins with different functions and not involved in pathways in common. This is in contrast to previous findings in similarly exposed eu- and hypothyroid female rats, where general metabolic pathways had been shown to be affected. The largest gender-dependent effects concerned basal concentrations of liver proteins already in control and hypothyroid animals, involving mainly the pathways which were also differently affected by HBCD exposure. Among them were differences in lipid metabolism, which - upon exposure to HBCD - may also be the reason for the considerably higher ratio of γ-HBCD accumulated in white adipose tissue of exposed female rats compared to males. The results further elucidate the already suggested different sensitivity of genders towards HBCD exposure on the protein level, and confirm the need for undertaking toxicological animal experiments in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miller
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry , Department for Biomedical Sciences , University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Veterinaerplatz 1 , A-1210 Vienna , Austria .
| | - C Diepenbroek
- Wageningen University , Human and Animal Physiology , P.O. Box 338 , 6700 AH Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - E Rijntjes
- Wageningen University , Human and Animal Physiology , P.O. Box 338 , 6700 AH Wageningen , The Netherlands
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology , Augustenburger Platz 1 , 13353, Berlin , Germany
| | - J Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department , Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 5 , avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux , L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette , Grand-duchy of Luxembourg . ; Tel: +352-470 261
| | - K J Teerds
- Wageningen University , Human and Animal Physiology , P.O. Box 338 , 6700 AH Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - C Kwadijk
- Wageningen Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies , IMARES , IJmuiden , The Netherlands
| | - S Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department , Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 5 , avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux , L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette , Grand-duchy of Luxembourg . ; Tel: +352-470 261
| | - A J Murk
- Wageningen University , Marine Animal Ecology Group , De Elst 1 , 6708 WD Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - A C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department , Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 5 , avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux , L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette , Grand-duchy of Luxembourg . ; Tel: +352-470 261
| | - T Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department , Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 5 , avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux , L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette , Grand-duchy of Luxembourg . ; Tel: +352-470 261
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Pedersen BA, Wang W, Taylor JF, Khattab OS, Chen YH, Edwards RA, Yazdi PG, Wang PH. Hepatic proteomic analysis revealed altered metabolic pathways in insulin resistant Akt1(+/-)/Akt2(-/-) mice. Metabolism 2015; 64:1694-703. [PMID: 26455965 PMCID: PMC4641788 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify liver proteome changes in a mouse model of severe insulin resistance and markedly decreased leptin levels. METHODS Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis was utilized to identify liver proteome changes in AKT1(+/-)/AKT2(-/-) mice. Proteins with altered levels were identified with tandem mass spectrometry. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed for the interpretation of the biological significance of the observed proteomic changes. RESULTS 11 proteins were identified from 2 biological replicates to be differentially expressed by a ratio of at least 1.3 between age-matched insulin resistant (Akt1(+/-)/Akt2(-/-)) and wild type mice. Albumin and mitochondrial ornithine aminotransferase were detected from multiple spots, which suggest post-translational modifications. Enzymes of the urea cycle were common members of top regulated pathways. CONCLUSION Our results help to unveil the regulation of the liver proteome underlying altered metabolism in an animal model of severe insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Pedersen
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Weiwen Wang
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136
| | - Jared F Taylor
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Omar S Khattab
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- Department of Pathology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Puya G Yazdi
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ping H Wang
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Opposite Expression of SPARC between the Liver and Pancreas in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131189. [PMID: 26110898 PMCID: PMC4481468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein that regulates several cellular events, including inflammation and tissue remodelling. In this study, we investigated the tissue-specific expression of SPARC in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, and found that SPARC was significantly up-regulated in the liver while down-regulated in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Chronic inflammation occurred in the diabetic pancreas accompanied by up-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and its targets (TNFα, Il6, CRP, and Fn1) as well as myeloperoxidase (Mpo) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (Cxcr2). Diabetic liver showed significant up-regulation of Tgfb1 as well as moderately less up-regulated TNFα and reduced Fn1, resulting in elevated fibrogenesis. PARP-1 was not up-regulated during CD95-mediated apoptosis, resulting in restoration of high ATP levels in the diabetic liver. On the contrary, CD95-dependent apoptosis was not observed in the diabetic pancreas due to up-regulation of PARP-1 and ATP depletion, resulting in necrosis. The cytoprotective machinery was damaged by pancreatic inflammation, whereas adequate antioxidant capacity indicates low oxidative stress in the diabetic liver. High and low cellular insulin content was found in the diabetic liver and pancreas, respectively. Furthermore, we identified six novel interacting partner proteins of SPARC by co-immunoprecipitation in the diabetic liver and pancreas, and their interactions with SPARC were predicted by bioinformatics tools. Taken together, opposite expression of SPARC in the diabetic liver and pancreas may be related to inflammation and immune cell infiltration, degrees of apoptosis and fibrosis, cytoprotective machinery, and cellular insulin levels.
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Alzweiri M, Al-Balas Q, Al-Hiari Y. Chromatographic evaluation and QSAR optimization for benzoic acid analogues against carbonic anhydrase III. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:420-9. [PMID: 25068727 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.940939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An HPLC-size exclusion method was developed as an assay method to evaluate the binding of tested compounds with carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) enzyme. Inhibition of CAIII by a group of benzoic acid analogues was characterized by vacancy (negative) peak intensity representing the fraction of the compounds bound with CAIII enzyme. Interestingly, p-hydroxyl benzoic acid and aspirin were found potent inhibitors against CAIII with affinity constants of 9954 and 9013 M(-1) respectively. Affinity values of twenty training compounds were modeled against thirty-five descriptors derived from their structures. Strong correlation was obtained between the affinity values and the formal charge of the molecules. Docking studies on training set compounds generated consensus scores having a strong agreement with affinity factors obtained from the chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Alzweiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , The University of Jordan, Amman , Jordan and
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Alzweiri M, Al-Hiari Y. Evaluation of vanillic acid as inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase isozyme III by using a modified Hummel-Dreyer method: approach for drug discovery. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1157-61. [PMID: 23605884 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
α-3 carbonic anhydrase isozyme (CAIII) is the most abundant protein in adipocytes and considered insensitive to sulfonamide inhibitors. It was reported recently that the knock-down of CAIII is attributed with controlling lipogenesis. Thus inhibition of this target may lead to the discovery of new therapies against obesity and insulin resistance. Vanillic acid as a small molecule with coordinating groups and has a potential to bind zinc atoms in CA binding sites. Inhibition of CAIII by vanillic acid was evaluated by Hummel-Dreyer chromatography because it provides free interaction between ligand and macromolecule and introduces solution for faulty results obtained by current colorimetric assays. HPLC system of vanillic acid produces vacancy (negative) peak representing the amount of attached vanillic acid with CAIII. It was found that vanillic acid is able to bind with CAIII through two equilibria, one at equimolar ratio and another at 2:1 (vanillic acid-CAIII) ratio. The affinity constant of equimolar binding between CAIII and vanillic acid was found to be 14,400 m(-1) . It was found that vanillic acid binding with CAIII is much stronger than phenol and acetazolamide (positive controls).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Alzweiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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9
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Chen H, Zhao H, Huang L, Baeyens WRG, Delanghe JR, He D, Ouyang J. Direct chemiluminescent imaging detection of Cu/Zn-superoxidase dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, carbonic anhydrase-III, and catalase in rat liver cytosol separated by native porous gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:4260-9. [PMID: 16287182 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic enzymes extracted from rat hepatocytes were separated by native porous gradient-PAGE (PG-PAGE) and were detected with a sensitive and fast chemiluminescence (CL) imaging method. Several peroxidases including glutathione peroxidase, Cu/Zn-superoxidase dismutase, and some other metallo-enzymes such as catalase, carbonic anhydrase-III (CA-III) present in the cytosol of rat hepatocytes have been selectively and sensitively detected by the direct CL imaging method using the luminol-H(2)O(2) chemiluminescent reagents. All detections after PG-PAGE were completed within 9 min. The linear range for the typical metallo-enzyme, e.g., CA-III is 0.75-4.9 microg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.25 microg/mL. In comparison with the traditional CBB-R250 staining method, the detection period decreased about 70 times and the detection sensitivity improved over ten times. Furthermore, two enzymes present in rat liver cytosol were identified employing MALDI-MS analysis of the tryptic digest after PG-PAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, PR China
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