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Para D, Camponovo C, Riccitelli GC, Mallucci G, Maino P, Mondini Trissino da Lodi C, Saudina D, Trimboli P, Gobbi C, Zecca C. Assessment of Bone Mineral Density Over 1 Year in a Cross-Sectional Cohort of Migraine Patients Receiving Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:819-825. [PMID: 39174745 PMCID: PMC11377451 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), implicated in migraine pain, also possesses bone anabolic properties, which leads to the possibility that monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP (anti-CGRPs) might increase the risk of bone density abnormalities. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore bone mineral density abnormalities in a cohort of migraine patients treated with anti-CGRPs. METHODS This was a single-center, cross-sectional, cohort study including migraine patients who underwent a densitometry assessment during anti-CGRP treatment. We assessed the frequency of osteopenia or osteoporosis (OSTEO+ status), defined as a bone mineral density T-score of -1 to -2.5, and <-2.5 standard deviations from the young female adult mean, respectively. Additionally, the association of OSTEO+ status with anti-CGRP treatment duration and primary osteoporosis' risk factors was investigated using logistic regression models. RESULTS Data from 51 patients (43 female, mean age 46 ± 13.9 years) were evaluated. The mean duration of anti-CGRP treatment was 15.7 (±11.8) months. Twenty-seven patients (53%) were OSTEO+ (n = 22 osteopenia; n = 5 osteoporosis). In the final model, menopause [odds ratio 11.641 (95% confidence interval 1.486-91.197), p = 0.019] and anti-seizure drug use [odds ratio 12.825 (95% confidence interval 1.162-141.569), p = 0.037] were associated with OSTEO+ status. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of migraine patients, no evidence of an association between anti-CGRP treatment duration and an increasing risk of bone mineral density abnormalities was found. However, these findings are preliminary and necessitate further longitudinal research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Para
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Camponovo
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gianna Carla Riccitelli
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Mallucci
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Maino
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Department of Anesthesiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Mondini Trissino da Lodi
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Demurtas Saudina
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Gobbi
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
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2
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Gu K, Tan Y, Li S, Chen S, Lin K, Tang Y, Zhu M. Sensory Nerve Regulation via H3K27 Demethylation Revealed in Akermanite Composite Microspheres Repairing Maxillofacial Bone Defect. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400242. [PMID: 38874525 PMCID: PMC11321702 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Maxillofacial bone defects exhibit intricate anatomy and irregular morphology, presenting challenges for effective treatment. This study aimed to address these challenges by developing an injectable bioactive composite microsphere, termed D-P-Ak (polydopamine-PLGA-akermanite), designed to fit within the defect site while minimizing injury. The D-P-Ak microspheres biodegraded gradually, releasing calcium, magnesium, and silicon ions, which, notably, not only directly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) but also activated sensory nerve cells to secrete calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a key factor in bone repair. Moreover, the released CGRP enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through epigenetic methylation modification. Specifically, inhibition of EZH2 and enhancement of KDM6A reduced the trimethylation level of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), thereby activating the transcription of osteogenic genes such as Runx2 and Osx. The efficacy of the bioactive microspheres in bone repair is validated in a rat mandibular defect model, demonstrating that peripheral nerve response facilitates bone regeneration through epigenetic modification. These findings illuminated a novel strategy for constructing neuroactive osteo-inductive biomaterials with potential for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Gu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‐Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
| | - Yu Tan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of StomatologyFudan University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghai200001China
| | - Sitong Li
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‐Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
| | - Siyue Chen
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‐Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‐Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
- Department of OrthodonticsShanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200011China
| | - Yanmei Tang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‐Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
| | - Min Zhu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‐Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
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3
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Kapat K, Kumbhakarn S, Sable R, Gondane P, Takle S, Maity P. Peptide-Based Biomaterials for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. Biomedicines 2024; 12:313. [PMID: 38397915 PMCID: PMC10887361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The healing of osteochondral defects (OCDs) that result from injury, osteochondritis, or osteoarthritis and bear lesions in the cartilage and bone, pain, and loss of joint function in middle- and old-age individuals presents challenges to clinical practitioners because of non-regenerative cartilage and the limitations of current therapies. Bioactive peptide-based osteochondral (OC) tissue regeneration is becoming more popular because it does not have the immunogenicity, misfolding, or denaturation problems associated with original proteins. Periodically, reviews are published on the regeneration of bone and cartilage separately; however, none of them addressed the simultaneous healing of these tissues in the complicated heterogeneous environment of the osteochondral (OC) interface. As regulators of cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and antibacterial activity, potential therapeutic strategies for OCDs utilizing bone and cartilage-specific peptides should be examined and investigated. The main goal of this review was to study how they contribute to the healing of OCDs, either alone or in conjunction with other peptides and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausik Kapat
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sakshi Kumbhakarn
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Sable
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Prashil Gondane
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shruti Takle
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritiprasanna Maity
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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4
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Wang F, Gu Z, Yin Z, Zhang W, Bai L, Su J. Cell unit-inspired natural nano-based biomaterials as versatile building blocks for bone/cartilage regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:293. [PMID: 37620914 PMCID: PMC10463900 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of weight-bearing bone defects and critical-sized cartilage defects remains a significant challenge. A wide range of nano-biomaterials are available for the treatment of bone/cartilage defects. However, their poor compatibility and biodegradability pose challenges to the practical applications of these nano-based biomaterials. Natural biomaterials inspired by the cell units (e.g., nucleic acids and proteins), have gained increasing attention in recent decades due to their versatile functionality, compatibility, biodegradability, and great potential for modification, combination, and hybridization. In the field of bone/cartilage regeneration, natural nano-based biomaterials have presented an unparalleled role in providing optimal cues and microenvironments for cell growth and differentiation. In this review, we systematically summarize the versatile building blocks inspired by the cell unit used as natural nano-based biomaterials in bone/cartilage regeneration, including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and membranes. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of natural nano-based biomaterials for the future use of bone/cartilage regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhengrong Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Long Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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5
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Wang Q, Qin H, Deng J, Xu H, Liu S, Weng J, Zeng H. Research Progress in Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Bone Repair. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050838. [PMID: 37238709 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has 37 amino acids. Initially, CGRP had vasodilatory and nociceptive effects. As research progressed, evidence revealed that the peripheral nervous system is closely associated with bone metabolism, osteogenesis, and bone remodeling. Thus, CGRP is the bridge between the nervous system and the skeletal muscle system. CGRP can promote osteogenesis, inhibit bone resorption, promote vascular growth, and regulate the immune microenvironment. The G protein-coupled pathway is vital for its effects, while MAPK, Hippo, NF-κB, and other pathways have signal crosstalk, affecting cell proliferation and differentiation. The current review provides a detailed description of the bone repair effects of CGRP, subjected to several therapeutic studies, such as drug injection, gene editing, and novel bone repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Haotian Qin
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jiapeng Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Su Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jian Weng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Shenzhen 518036, China
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6
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Assefa F. The role of sensory and sympathetic nerves in craniofacial bone regeneration. Neuropeptides 2023; 99:102328. [PMID: 36827755 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors regulate the regeneration of craniofacial bone defects. The nervous system is recognized as one of the critical regulators of bone mass, thereby suggesting a role for neuronal pathways in bone regeneration. However, in the context of craniofacial bone regeneration, little is known about the interplay between the nervous system and craniofacial bone. Sensory and sympathetic nerves interact with the bone through their neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, proteins, peptides, and amino acid derivates. The neuron-derived factors, such as semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), possess a remarkable role in craniofacial regeneration. This review summarizes the roles of these factors and recently published factors such as secretoneurin (SN) and spexin (SPX) in the osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, bone metabolism, growth, remodeling and discusses the novel application of nerve-based craniofacial bone regeneration. Moreover, the review will facilitate understanding the mechanism of action and provide potential treatment direction for the craniofacial bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freshet Assefa
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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Zhang Z, Hao Z, Xian C, Fang Y, Cheng B, Wu J, Xia J. Neuro-bone tissue engineering: Multiple potential translational strategies between nerve and bone. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:1-12. [PMID: 36116724 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Numerous tissue regeneration paradigms show evident neurological dependence, including mammalian fingertip, skin, and bone regeneration. The mature skeleton is innervated by an abundant nervous system that infiltrates the developing axial and appendicular bones and maintains the stability of the systemic skeletal system by controlling blood flow, regulating bone metabolism, secreting neurotransmitters, and regulating stem cell behavior. In recent years, neurotization in tissue-engineered bone has been considered as a promising strategy to effectively overcome the challenge of vascularization and innervation regeneration in the central zone of "critical-sized bone defects" that conventional tissue-engineered scaffolds are unable to handle, however, further validation is needed in relevant clinical applications. Therefore, this study reviews the mechanisms by which the nervous system regulates bone metabolism and regeneration through a variety of neurogenic or non-neurogenic factors, as well as the recent progress and design strategies of neuralized tissue-engineered bone, to provide new ideas for further studies on subsequent neural bone tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The interaction of nerve and bone tissue during skeletal development and repair has attracted widespread attention, with emerging evidences highlighting the regulation of bone metabolism and regeneration by the nervous system, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Thus, further applications of neuro-bone tissue engineering still needs careful consideration. In this review, we summarize the numerous neurogenic and non-neurogenic factors which are involved in bone repair and regeneration, and further explore the current status of their application and biomaterial design in neuro-bone tissue engineering, and finally discuss the challenge and prospective for neuro-bone tissue engineering to facilitate its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Caihong Xian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yifen Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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8
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Neural Peptide α-CGRP Coregulated Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis via Promoting the Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1585840. [PMID: 35757476 PMCID: PMC9225861 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1585840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The coupled vascularization and bone remodeling are key steps during bone healing, during which the cross-talk between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells plays vital roles. Evidence indicates the well-characterized neuropeptide Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-α (CGRP) is proven to play an important role during bone regeneration. However, the regulatory effects of αCGRP on angiogenesis and osteogenesis, as well as underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, remain unclear. Aim The present study was performed to verify the availability of the CGRP for osteogenic capacity in MSCs and explore its potential underlying molecular mechanism. After that, the promoted angiogenic effect of CGRP as well as its underlying mechanisms was studied. Methods and Results The results showed that CGRP could significantly increase the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level and promote the osteogenesis ability of MSCs via cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Direct exposure to CGRP increased nitric oxide synthase expression, the release of NO, tube formation, and wound healing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The CGRP-treated MSCs were observed with high expression levels of angiogenic factors, such as bFGF and VEGF-α; the conditioned medium derived from CGRP-treated MSCs was also able to promote tube formation and transmembrane migration of HUVECs. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the coregulated angiogenesis and osteogenesis effects of CGRP, especially for its regulation effects on the cross-talk between mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells.
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9
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Wang B, Lin J, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yu H, Gong P, Xiang L. αCGRP Affects BMSCs' Migration and Osteogenesis via the Hippo-YAP Pathway. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1420-1431. [PMID: 31426665 PMCID: PMC6802143 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719871000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) plays a significant pathophysiological role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Our previous research indicated that αCGRP might have a potential application in enhancing osseointegration in vivo. To further uncover the intrinsic mechanism of its networks in bone regeneration, here we investigate the impact of αCGRP on osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from both wild-type and αCGRP-/- mice. Considering the half-life of αCGRP in plasma is only 10 min, we applied αCGRP lentivirus and stably transfected it into BMSCs, followed by transfection identification and cell cycle assay. We further conducted a series of in vitro tests, and the results revealed that biological functions including migratory ability and osteogenicity exhibited positive correlation with BMSCs' αCGRP expression. Meanwhile, this phenomenon was associated with an enhanced expression of YAP (Yes-associated protein), the key downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. To sum up, our data together with previous in vivo observations is likely to elucidate the intrinsic mechanism of αCGRP in bone remodeling, and αCGRP would appear to be a novel treatment to promote bone wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Chen CC, Chang LC, Yao CH, Hsu YM, Lin JH, Yang TY, Chen YH, Chen YS. Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Macrophages Are Involved in Astragalus membranaceus-Mediated Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:69-86. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is one of 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have shown that AM extract can be a potential nerve growth-promoting factor, being beneficial for the growth of peripheral nerve axons. We further investigated the effects of AM extract on regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Rats were divided into three groups ([Formula: see text]): normal saline (intraperitoneal) as the control, and 1.5[Formula: see text]g/kg or 3.0[Formula: see text]g/kg of AM extract (every other day for four weeks), respectively. We evaluated neuronal electrophysiology, neuronal connectivity, macrophage infiltration, expression levels and location of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and expression levels of both nerve growth factors (NGFs) and immunoregulatory factors. In the high-dose AM group, neuronal electrophysiological function (measured by nerve conductive velocity and its latency) was significantly improved ([Formula: see text]). Expression levels of CGRP and macrophage density were also drastically enhanced ([Formula: see text]). Expression levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), NGF, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-[Formula: see text], interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interferon (IFN)-[Formula: see text] were reduced in the high-dose AM group ([Formula: see text]), while FGF, NGF, PDGF, IL-1, and IFN-[Formula: see text] were increased in the low-dose AM group ([Formula: see text]). These results suggest that AM can modulate local inflammatory conditions, enhance nerve regeneration, and potentially increase recovery of a severe peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chia Chen
- Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chuan Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Chen J, Ma G, Liu W, Liu Y, Ding Y. The influence of the sensory neurotransmitter calcitonin gene-related peptide on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:473-484. [PMID: 27623790 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from ovariectomized (OVX) rats, an OVX rat model was used. An ELISA was performed to examine the changes in CGRP level in the plasma and skeleton. The BMSCs from the sham rats were designated group A. The BMSCs from the OVX rats (groups B, C, D and E) were treated with different concentrations of CGRP (10-6, 10-8, 10-10 and 0 M) in vitro. The proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of the BMSCs were evaluated. BMSCs sheets and Bio-Oss® mixtures were transplanted into nude mice to observe the effects of CGRP on bone formation in vivo. The level of CGRP was decreased by almost 27 and 17 % in the plasma and bone, respectively, in OVX rats compared with sham rats (p < 0.05). Treatment with CGRP increased the proliferation and mineralization of BMSCs, and significantly decreased the lipid accumulation of BMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of Runx2 and Osterix was upregulated, but the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was significantly downregulated in groups B, C and D compared with group E (p < 0.05). Micro computed tomography showed no difference between the images of the planted mixtures. Hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed the formation of slightly more hard bone-like structures in groups B and C. These results suggested that CGRP played a role in adjusting bone mass and strength by promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as well as significantly suppressing the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University (FMMU), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou Military Region General Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University (FMMU), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Postgraduate Institute, FMMU, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanpu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University (FMMU), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Ding
- Department of Oral Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Naito Y, Wakabayashi H, Kato S, Nakagawa T, Iino T, Sudo A. Alendronate inhibits hyperalgesia and suppresses neuropeptide markers of pain in a mouse model of osteoporosis. J Orthop Sci 2017; 22:771-777. [PMID: 28258808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic back pain is one of the most important complications of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal pain associated with osteoporosis and to examine the inhibitory effect of bisphosphonates (BPs) on pain in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The mechanism of osteoporotic pain in OVX mice was evaluated through an examination of pain-related behavior, as well as immunohistochemical findings. In addition, the effects of alendronate (ALN), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, on these parameters were assessed. METHODS 8-week-old female ddY mice were ovariectomized and assigned to 3 groups: SHAM-operated mice treated with vehicle (SHAM; n = 8); OVX mice treated with vehicle (OVX-V; n = 8); and OVX mice treated with ALN (OVX-ALN; n = 8). Starting immediately after surgery, vehicle or 40 μg/kg ALN was injected subcutaneously twice a week for 4 weeks. The bilateral distal femoral metaphyses and proximal tibial metaphyses were analyzed three-dimensionally by μCT. Mechanical sensitivity was tested using von Frey filaments. Transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expressions in L3-5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS Ovariectomy induced bone loss and mechanical hyperalgesia in hindlimbs with upregulation of TRPV1 and CGRP expressions in DRG neurons innervating hindlimbs. ALN prevented bone loss and mechanical hyperalgesia in ovariectomized mouse hindlimbs, and it suppressed upregulation of pain markers. CONCLUSIONS ALN prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss and mechanical hyperalgesia in hindlimbs, and it suppressed TRPV1 and CGRP expressions in DRG neurons. The results suggest that bone resorption with upregulation of TRPV1 and CGRP expressions is one of the causes of postmenopausal osteoporotic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Naito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Wakabayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Sho Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taro Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Wang C, Liu Y, Fan Y, Li X. The use of bioactive peptides to modify materials for bone tissue repair. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:191-206. [PMID: 28596916 PMCID: PMC5458541 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well recognized that the modification of biomaterials with appropriate bioactive peptides could further enhance their functions. Especially, it has been shown that peptide-modified bone repair materials could promote new bone formation more efficiently compared with conventional ones. The purpose of this article is to give a general review of recent studies on bioactive peptide-modified materials for bone tissue repair. Firstly, the main peptides for inducing bone regeneration and commonly used methods to prepare peptide-modified bone repair materials are introduced. Then, current in vitro and in vivo research progress of peptide-modified composites used as potential bone repair materials are reviewed and discussed. Generally speaking, the recent related studies have fully suggested that the modification of bone repair materials with osteogenic-related peptides provide promising strategies for the development of bioactive materials and substrates for enhanced bone regeneration and the therapy of bone tissue diseases. Furthermore, we have proposed some research trends in the conclusion and perspectives part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Liao CF, Yang TY, Chen YH, Yao CH, Way TD, Chen YS. Effects of swimming exercise on nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 28474579 PMCID: PMC5439339 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Swimming is commonly considered to be an efficient rehabilitation exercise to treat peripheral nerve injury. However, the most effective resistance level and exercise duration is still unclear. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of swimming at various exertion levels in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Methods: Sciatic nerve transection rats were randomized into the following four groups based on swimming duration (from the 7th day to the 28th day post-surgery): sedentary control group (SC), S10 group (10 min/3 times/week), S20 group (20 min/3 times/week), and S30 group (30 min/3 times/week) (n = 10 each). Axon regeneration, electrophysiological properties, muscular weights, macrophage infiltration, and nerve repair associated maker, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), were measured. Results: Dramatic higher successful percentages of nerve regeneration across the 10-mm gaps in swimming groups compared to the SC group. Total area of nerve regeneration significantly improved in the S10 group; however, electrophysiological properties, muscular weights, and macrophage infiltration in the regenerated nerves of rats did not differ significantly between the various exercise groups. CGRP expression was significantly increased in the spinal cord of rats in the S20 group. Conclusions: Our data indicated that CGRP-related axonal regeneration improved significantly with moderate swimming. These results should inspire new studies in physiotherapeutic practice for related human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Psychology, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung 413, Taiwan - Lab of Biomaterials, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Effects of Taxol on Regeneration in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Transection Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42280. [PMID: 28181572 PMCID: PMC5299405 DOI: 10.1038/srep42280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies describe taxol as a candidate treatment for promoting central nerve regeneration. However, taxol has serious side effects including peripheral neurotoxicity, and little information is known about the effect of taxol on peripheral nerve regeneration. We investigated the effects of taxol on regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 10): normal saline (i.p.) as the control, Cremophor EL vehicle, and 2 or 6 mg/kg of taxol in the Cremophor EL solution (four times in day-2, 4, 6, and 8), respectively. We evaluated neuronal electrophysiology, animal behaviour, neuronal connectivity, macrophage infiltration, location and expression levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and expression levels of both nerve growth factors and immunoregulatory factors. In the high-dose taxol group (6 mg/kg), neuronal electrophysiological function was significantly impaired. Licking latencies were significantly changed while motor coordination was unaffected. Neuronal connectivity, macrophage density, and expression levels of CGRP was dramatically reduced. Expression levels of nerve growth factors and immunoregulatory factors was also reduced, while it was increased in the low-dose taxol group (2 mg/kg). These results indicate that taxol can modulate local inflammatory conditions, impair nerve regeneration, and impede recovery of a severe peripheral nerve injury.
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Pountos I, Panteli M, Lampropoulos A, Jones E, Calori GM, Giannoudis PV. The role of peptides in bone healing and regeneration: a systematic review. BMC Med 2016; 14:103. [PMID: 27400961 PMCID: PMC4940902 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tissue engineering and the research surrounding peptides has expanded significantly over the last few decades. Several peptides have been shown to support and stimulate the bone healing response and have been proposed as therapeutic vehicles for clinical use. The aim of this comprehensive review is to present the clinical and experimental studies analysing the potential role of peptides for bone healing and bone regeneration. METHODS A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Articles presenting peptides capable of exerting an upregulatory effect on osteoprogenitor cells and bone healing were included in the study. RESULTS Based on the available literature, a significant amount of experimental in vitro and in vivo evidence exists. Several peptides were found to upregulate the bone healing response in experimental models and could act as potential candidates for future clinical applications. However, from the available peptides that reached the level of clinical trials, the presented results are limited. CONCLUSION Further research is desirable to shed more light into the processes governing the osteoprogenitor cellular responses. With further advances in the field of biomimetic materials and scaffolds, new treatment modalities for bone repair will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Pountos
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michalis Panteli
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Elena Jones
- Unit of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James University Hospital, University of Leeds, LS9 7TF, Leeds, UK
| | - Giorgio Maria Calori
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, ISTITUTO ORTOPEDICO GAETANO PINI, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, LS7 4SA Leeds, West Yorkshire, Leeds, UK.
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He H, Chai J, Zhang S, Ding L, Yan P, Du W, Yang Z. CGRP may regulate bone metabolism through stimulating osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast formation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3977-84. [PMID: 27035229 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide, which is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Numerous mechanisms underlying the action of CGRP in osteoblast-associated cells have been suggested for bone growth and metabolism. The present study was designed to closely investigate the osteoblast‑ and osteoclast-associated mechanisms of the effect of CGRP administration on bone metabolism in primary osteoblasts. Primary osteoblasts were obtained from newborn rabbit calvaria and incubated with different concentrations of human CGRP (hCGRP), hCGRP and hCGRP (8‑37), or without treatment as a control. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were detected following treatment, as well as the expression levels of osteoblast differentiation markers, including activating transcription factor‑4 (ATF4) and osteocalcin (OC), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The isolated primary osteoblasts were found to stain positively for ALP. hCGRP treatment had no significant effect on transient intracellular Ca2+ in the osteoblasts. Treatment of the osteoblasts with hCGRP led to elevations in the expression levels of cAMP, ATF4 and OPG, and downregulation in the expression of RANKL, in a dose‑dependent manner. These effects were markedly reversed by the addition of hCGRP (8‑37). The results of the present study demonstrated that CGRP administration not only stimulated osteoblast differentiation, as demonstrated by upregulated expression levels of ATF4 and OC in the hCGRP‑treated osteoblasts, but also inhibited OPG/RANKL‑regulated osteoclastogenesis. CGRP may act as a modulator of bone metabolism through osteoblast and osteoclast-associated mechanisms, which result in osteoblast formation with subsequent activation of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao He
- Department of Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jianshen Chai
- Department of Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Shengfu Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Ding
- Department of Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhou Yang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Terra SR, Cardoso JCR, Félix RC, Martins LAM, Souza DOG, Guma FCR, Canário AVM, Schein V. STC1 interference on calcitonin family of receptors signaling during osteoblastogenesis via adenylate cyclase inhibition. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 403:78-87. [PMID: 25591908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are involved in bone formation/remodeling. Here we investigate the effects of STC1 on functional heterodimer complex CALCRL/RAMP1, expression and activity during osteoblastogenesis. STC1 did not modify CALCRL and ramp1 gene expression during osteoblastogenesis when compared to controls. However, plasma membrane spatial distribution of CALCRL/RAMP1 was modified in 7-day pre-osteoblasts exposed to either CGRP or STC1, and both peptides induced CALCRL and RAMP1 assembly. CGRP, but not STC1 stimulated cAMP accumulation in 7-day osteoblasts and in CALCRL/RAMP1 transfected HEK293 cells. Furthermore, STC1 inhibited forskolin stimulated cAMP accumulation of HEK293 cells, but not in CALCRL/RAMP1 transfected HEK293 cells. However, STC1 inhibited cAMP accumulation in calcitonin receptor (CTR) HEK293 transfected cells stimulated by calcitonin. In conclusion, STC1 signals through inhibitory G-protein modulates CGRP receptor spatial localization during osteoblastogenesis and may function as a regulatory factor interacting with calcitonin peptide members during bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia R Terra
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90003-035, Brazil
| | - João Carlos R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Rute C Félix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Leo Anderson M Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90003-035, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre G Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90003-035, Brazil
| | - Fatima C R Guma
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90003-035, Brazil
| | - Adelino Vicente M Canário
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Schein
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90003-035, Brazil; Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
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Abstract
Bone metabolism is regulated by the action of two skeletal cells: osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This process is controlled by many genetic, hormonal and lifestyle factors, but today more and more studies have allowed us to identify a neuronal regulation system termed 'bone-brain crosstalk', which highlights a direct relationship between bone tissue and the nervous system. The first documentation of an anatomic relationship between nerves and bone was made via a wood cut by Charles Estienne in Paris in 1545. His diagram demonstrated nerves entering and leaving the bones of a skeleton. Later, several studies were conducted on bone innervation and, as of today, many observations on the regulation of bone remodeling by neurons and neuropeptides that reside in the CNS have created a new research field, that is, neuroskeletal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Metozzi
- a 1 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50138 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bonamassa
- a 1 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50138 Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Brandi
- b 2 Public Mental Health system 1-4 of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- c 3 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, AOUC Careggi, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50138 Florence, Italy
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Simultaneous inferior alveolar nerve regeneration and osseointegration with a nerve growth factor-supplying implant: a preliminary study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 73:410-23. [PMID: 25266595 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although nerve growth factor (NGF) has been proved to enhance inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) regeneration, its clinical application remains a challenging issue. This study investigated the functional regeneration of IAN injury by supplying NGF using an NGF-supplying implant and its effect on the osseointegration. MATERIALS AND METHODS In canine IAN transection-and-repair models (n = 9), NGF-supplying implants connected to osmotic pumps were installed just above the transection site. In the right IAN, NGF 300 μg in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 2 mL was loaded in the pump and pure PBS 2 mL was loaded in the left IAN. The gross clinical finding was evaluated by wound healing, inflammation, implant exposure, and loss of fixture. To evaluate IAN regeneration, electrophysiologic (amplitude, latency, conduction velocity, and peak voltage) and histomorphometric (axon count and density, myelin thickness, and ratio of axon diameter to fiber diameter) analyses were performed. Implant stability quotient, bone-to-implant contact ratio, and new bone area were measured to assess the osseointegration of the NGF-supplying implant. RESULTS The conduction velocity (2.675 m/second) and peak voltage (1.940 μV) of the NGF group at 6 weeks were considerably higher than those of the PBS group (1.892 m/second and 1.300 μV, respectively). The same results were observed for axon count (NGF vs PBS, 4,576.107 ± 270.413 vs 3,606.972 ± 242.876), axon density (10,707.458 ± 638.835 vs 7,899.781 ± 1,063.625/mm(2)), and myelin thickness (1.670 ± 0.555 vs 1.173 ± 0.388 μm). There were no meaningful differences for the other parameters. CONCLUSIONS Supplying NGF with specially designed dental implants can be a new therapeutic approach to enable IAN regeneration and osseointegration simultaneously.
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Different effects of implanting sensory nerve or blood vessel on the vascularization, neurotization, and osteogenesis of tissue-engineered bone in vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:412570. [PMID: 25101279 PMCID: PMC4101209 DOI: 10.1155/2014/412570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To compare the different effects of implanting sensory nerve tracts or blood vessel on the osteogenesis, vascularization, and neurotization of the tissue-engineered bone in vivo, we constructed the tissue engineered bone and implanted the sensory nerve tracts (group SN), blood vessel (group VB), or nothing (group Blank) to the side channel of the bone graft to repair the femur defect in the rabbit. Better osteogenesis was observed in groups SN and VB than in group Blank, and no significant difference was found between groups SN and VB at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. The neuropeptides expression and the number of new blood vessels in the bone tissues were increased at 8 weeks and then decreased at 12 weeks in all groups and were highest in group VB and lowest in group Blank at all three time points. We conclude that implanting either blood vessel or sensory nerve tract into the tissue-engineered bone can significantly enhance both the vascularization and neurotization simultaneously to get a better osteogenesis effect than TEB alone, and the method of implanting blood vessel has a little better effect of vascularization and neurotization but almost the same osteogenesis effect as implanting sensory nerve.
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Microsurgical techniques used to construct the vascularized and neurotized tissue engineered bone. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:281872. [PMID: 24900962 PMCID: PMC4036431 DOI: 10.1155/2014/281872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The lack of vascularization in the tissue engineered bone results in poor survival and ossification. Tissue engineered bone can be wrapped in the soft tissue flaps which are rich in blood supply to complete the vascularization in vivo by microsurgical technique, and the surface of the bone graft can be invaded with new vascular network. The intrinsic vascularization can be induced via a blood vessel or an arteriovenous loop located centrally in the bone graft by microsurgical technique. The peripheral nerve especially peptidergic nerve has effect on the bone regeneration. The peptidergic nerve can be used to construct the neurotized tissue engineered bone by implanting the nerve fiber into the center of bone graft. Thus, constructing a highly vascularized and neurotized tissue engineered bone according with the theory of biomimetics has become a useful method for repairing the large bone defect. Many researchers have used the microsurgical techniques to enhance the vascularization and neurotization of tissue engineered bone and to get a better osteogenesis effect. This review aims to summarize the microsurgical techniques mostly used to construct the vascularized and neurotized tissue engineered bone.
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Sisask G, Silfverswärd CJ, Bjurholm A, Nilsson O. Ontogeny of sensory and autonomic nerves in the developing mouse skeleton. Auton Neurosci 2013; 177:237-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ma W, Zhang X, Shi S, Zhang Y. Neuropeptides stimulate human osteoblast activity and promote gap junctional intercellular communication. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:179-86. [PMID: 23726661 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides released from the skeletal nerve fibers have neurotransmitter and immunoregulatory roles; they exert paracrine biological effects on bone cells present close to the nerve endings expressing these signaling molecules. The aims of this study were a systematic investigation of the effects of the neuropeptides substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) on the cell viability and function of the human osteoblasts, and comparing their difference in the role of regulating bone formation. Cultures of normal human osteoblasts were treated with SP, CGRP, VIP, NPY or TH at three concentrations. We found that each of the five neuropeptides induced increases in cell viability of human osteoblasts. The stimulatory action of NPY was the highest, followed by VIP, SP and TH, while CGRP had the lowest stimulatory effect. The viability index of osteoblasts was inversely associated with the concentration of neuropeptides, and positively with the time of exposure. Moreover, the five neuropeptides increased the ALP activity and osteocalcin to different extents in a dose-dependent manner. The GJIC of osteoblasts was significantly promoted by neuropeptides. The results demonstrated that neuropeptides released from skeletal nerve endings after a stimulus appeared to be able to induce the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts via enhancing GJIC between cells, and further influence the bone formation. These findings may contribute toward a better understanding of the neural influence on bone remodeling and improving treatments related to bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei Province, China.
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Lausson S, Cressent M. Signal transduction pathways mediating the effect of adrenomedullin on osteoblast survival. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3807-15. [PMID: 21826707 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) plays an important role in the regulation of osteoblastic cells through both a proliferative and an anti-apoptotic effects. The present study investigated mechanisms involved in the effect of ADM on survival. We report that ADM can act in osteoblasts both through a non-transcriptional action, by phosphorylation of different kinases and components, and through a transcriptional effect by activation of CREB. So, we observed by Western blot analysis, modifications in the downstream targets of ERK, the pro-apoptotic protein Bad, which is inactivated by increase in Ser155 phosphorylation, and the transcription factor CREB, which is activated by phosphorylation at Ser133. CREB activation was confirmed by a CRE-dependent gene transcription assay and an immunocytochemical study. This increase in CREB phosphorylation could lead to its enhanced transcriptional activity, as indicated by the induced expression of the proliferation marker, PCNA. Moreover, ADM could also activate the tyrosine kinase Src and the PI3-Kinase, both of which are implicated in survival. The use of specific pharmacological inhibitors allowed to establish that ADM could activate a signaling cascade involving Src, MEK, ERK, p90RSK, and that the effect of ADM, in particular on the CREB protein, greatly depends on the regulatory control of interfering signaling pathways. Moreover, as Wnt signaling plays an important role in the control of osteoblast apoptosis, we explored a major component of this pathway, protein GSK3β. ADM-induced inactivation of GSK3β by phosphorylation at Ser9, highly suggests that ADM could also exert its survival effect in osteoblast via components of the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lausson
- UMR CNRS 8619, Orsay, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Aliprantis AO, Stolina M, Kostenuik PJ, Poliachik SL, Warner SE, Bain SD, Gross TS. Transient muscle paralysis degrades bone via rapid osteoclastogenesis. FASEB J 2011; 26:1110-8. [PMID: 22125315 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-196642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A unilateral injection of botulinum toxin A (BTxA) in the calf induces paralysis and profound loss of ipsalateral trabecular bone within days. However, the cellular mechanism underlying acute muscle paralysis-induced bone loss (MPIBL) is poorly understood. We hypothesized that MPIBL arises via rapid and extensive osteoclastogenesis. We performed a series of in vivo experiments to explore this thesis. First, we observed elevated levels of the proosteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) within the proximal tibia metaphysis at 7 d after muscle paralysis (+113%, P<0.02). Accordingly, osteoclast numbers were increased 122% compared with the contralateral limb at 5 d after paralysis (P=0.04) and MPIBL was completely blocked by treatment with human recombinant osteoprotegerin (hrOPG). Further, conditional deletion of nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1), the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis, completely inhibited trabecular bone loss (-2.2±11.9%, P<0.01). All experiments included negative control assessments of contralateral limbs and/or within-animal pre- and postintervention imaging. In summary, transient muscle paralysis induced acute RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis resulting in profound local bone resorption. Elucidation of the pathways that initiate osteoclastogenesis after paralysis may identify novel targets to inhibit bone loss and prevent fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios O Aliprantis
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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The effects of risedronate and exercise on osteoporotic lumbar rat vertebrae and their sensory innervation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010; 35:1974-82. [PMID: 20959778 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181d5959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Investigation of sensory innervation of rat osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae using in vitro and in vivo models. OBJECTIVE To investigate (1) sensory innervation of osteoporotic rat vertebrae, (2) effects of risedronate on sensory neurons, (3) effects of osteoporosis treatment on bone mineral densities (BMDs) and the sensory innervation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Osteoporotic patients without fractures sometimes experience vague low back pain of unknown origin. The mechanisms of osteoporosis treatments against the pain are unclear. METHODS (1) The expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactive (-ir) or transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-ir nerve fibers in vertebrae and dorsal root ganglions (DRG) innervating L3 vertebrae of Sprague Dawley rats labeled with neurotracer were examined in control, sham, and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. (2) Cultured rat neonate DRG neurons in media containing different concentrations of risedronate were immunostained for CGRP, and we measured its activity using axonal length and proportion of CGRP-ir neurons. (3) BMDs and CGRP expression in DRG neurons innervating L3 vertebrae were examined in the following 5 groups: sham (treated with saline), OVX (saline), OVX+EXE (treadmill exercise), OVX+RIS (risedronate), and OVX+RIS+EXE (risedronate and exercise). RESULTS (1) A few CGRP-ir or TRPV1-ir nerve fibers were observed in the bone marrow. CGRP or TRPV1 expression in DRG was elevated in the OVX group (P < 0.05). (2) The axonal length and proportion of CGRP-ir neurons were dose-dependently suppressed (P < 0.05). (3) BMDs improved and the CGRP expression decreased in the risedronate-treated groups (P < 0.05), especially in the OVX+RIS+EXE group. CONCLUSION Sensory innervation of osteoporotic rat vertebrae showed increased expression of CGRP and TRPV1 in DRG neurons. Risedronate suppressed activity of CGRP-ir neurons in vitro, improved BMD, and decreased CGRP expression, especially together with exercise in vivo.
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Chen SY, Qin JJ, Wang L, Mu TW, Jin D, Jiang S, Zhao PR, Pei GX. Different effects of implanting vascular bundles and sensory nerve tracts on the expression of neuropeptide receptors in tissue-engineered bone
in vivo. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:055002. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/5/055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yan XZ, Ge SH, Sun QF, Guo HM, Yang PS. A Pilot Study Evaluating the Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Recombinant Human Beta-Nerve Growth Factor on the Healing of Class III Furcation Defects in Dogs. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1289-98. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.090655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Stéger V, Molnár A, Borsy A, Gyurján I, Szabolcsi Z, Dancs G, Molnár J, Papp P, Nagy J, Puskás L, Barta E, Zomborszky Z, Horn P, Podani J, Semsey S, Lakatos P, Orosz L. Antler development and coupled osteoporosis in the skeleton of red deer Cervus elaphus: expression dynamics for regulatory and effector genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2010; 284:273-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-010-0565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang L, Shi X, Zhao R, Halloran BP, Clark DJ, Jacobs CR, Kingery WS. Calcitonin-gene-related peptide stimulates stromal cell osteogenic differentiation and inhibits RANKL induced NF-kappaB activation, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Bone 2010; 46:1369-79. [PMID: 19962460 PMCID: PMC2854244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously we observed that capsaicin treatment in rats inhibited sensory neuropeptide signaling, with a concurrent reduction in trabecular bone formation and bone volume, and an increase in osteoclast numbers and bone resorption. Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide richly distributed in sensory neurons innervating the skeleton and we postulated that CGRP signaling regulates bone integrity. In this study we examined CGRP effects on stromal and bone cell differentiation and activity in vitro. CGRP receptors were detected by immunocytochemical staining and real time PCR assays in mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). CGRP effects on BMSC proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation were studied using BrdU incorporation, PCR products, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization assays. CGRP effects on BMM osteoclastic differentiation and activity were determined by quantifying tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP(+)) multinucleated cells, pit erosion area, mRNA levels of TRAP and cathepsin K, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) nuclear localization. BMSCs, osteoblasts, BMMs, and osteoclasts all expressed CGRP receptors. CGRP (10(-10)-10(-8) M) stimulated BMSC proliferation, up-regulated the expression of osteoblastic genes, and increased ALP activity and mineralization in the BMSCs. In BMM cultures CGRP (10(-8) M) inhibited receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) activation of NF-kappaB. CGRP also down-regulated osteoclastic genes like TRAP and cathepsin K, decreased the numbers of TRAP(+) cells, and inhibited bone resorption activity in RANKL stimulated BMMs. These results suggest that CGRP signaling maintains bone mass both by directly stimulating stromal cell osteoblastic differentiation and by inhibiting RANKL induced NF-kappaB activation, osteoclastogenesis, and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaoyou Shi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rong Zhao
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bernard P. Halloran
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - David J. Clark
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christopher R. Jacobs
- Bone and Joint Rehabilitation R & D Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California
| | - Wade S. Kingery
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Zhao J, Harada N, Kurihara H, Nakagata N, Okajima K. Cilostazol improves cognitive function in mice by increasing the production of insulin-like growth factor-I in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2009; 58:774-83. [PMID: 20035772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) exerts beneficial effects on cognitive function by inducing angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. We demonstrated that stimulation of sensory neurons in the gastrointestinal tract increased IGF-I production in the hippocampus, and thereby improved cognitive function in mice. Since cAMP plays a critical role in stimulation of sensory neurons, the type III phosphodiesterase (PDE3) inhibitor cilostazol might increase IGF-I production in the hippocampus by stimulating sensory neurons and thus improve cognitive function in mice. We tested this hypothesis in the present study. Cilostazol increased the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and levels of cAMP in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated from wild-type (WT) mice. Tissue levels of cAMP in the DRG and hippocampus and those of CGRP, IGF-I, and IGF-I mRNA in the hippocampus were increased after 4-week oral administration of cilostazol to WT mice. Levels of expression of c-fos in the spinal dorsal horns, parabrachial nuclei, the solitary tract nucleus, and the hippocampus were also increased in these animals. Significant enhancement of angiogenesis and neurogenesis was observed in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after cilostazol administration in WT mice. Significant improvement of spatial learning was also observed in WT mice administered cilostazol. However, none of these effects in WT mice were observed in CGRP-knockout mice. These observations suggest that cilostazol may improve cognitive function in mice by increasing the hippocampal production of IGF-I through stimulation of sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Departments of Translational Medical Science Research, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Harada N, Narimatsu N, Kurihara H, Nakagata N, Okajima K. Stimulation of sensory neurons improves cognitive function by promoting the hippocampal production of insulin-like growth factor-I in mice. Transl Res 2009; 154:90-102. [PMID: 19595440 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Revised: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) increases the production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the mouse brain. IGF-I exerts beneficial effects on the cognitive function by increasing synaptic transmission and by inducing angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In the current study, we examined whether stimulation of sensory neurons by capsaicin improved the cognitive function by increasing the production of IGF-I in the hippocampus using wild-type (WT) and CGRP-knockout (CGRP-/-) mice. Significant increases of the hippocampal tissue levels of CGRP, IGF-I, and IGF-I messenger RNA (mRNA) were observed after capsaicin administration in WT mice (P < 0.01) but not in CGRP-/- mice. Increase in the expression of c-fos was also observed in the spinal dorsal horn, the parabrachial nuclei, and the hippocampus after capsaicin administration in WT mice but not in CGRP-/- mice. Significant enhancement of angiogenesis and neurogenesis was observed in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after capsaicin administration in WT mice (P < 0.01) but not in CGRP-/- mice. Although capsaicin administration improved spatial learning in WT mice, no such effect was observed in CGRP-/- mice. Capsaicin-induced improvement of the spatial learning was reversed by administration of an anti-IGF-I antibody and by that of a CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP (8-37) in WT mice. The administration of IGF-I improved the spatial learning in both WT and CGRP-/- mice. These observations strongly suggest that the stimulation of sensory neurons by capsaicin might increase IGF-I production via increasing the hippocampal tissue CGRP levels, and it may thereby promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis to produce improvement of the cognitive function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Harada
- Department of Translational Medical Science Research, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Narimatsu N, Harada N, Kurihara H, Nakagata N, Sobue K, Okajima K. Donepezil improves cognitive function in mice by increasing the production of insulin-like growth factor-I in the hippocampus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 330:2-12. [PMID: 19318594 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.147280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) exerts beneficial effects on cognitive function. The selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil increases serum IGF-I levels in elderly subjects. Because stimulation of sensory neurons induces IGF-I production by releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the mouse brain, we hypothesized that donepezil increases IGF-I production by sensory neuron stimulation to improve the cognitive function in mice. Donepezil, but not tacrine, increased the CGRP release from dorsal root ganglion neurons isolated from wild-type (WT) mice. Pretreatment with the protein kinase A inhibitor KT5720 [(9S,10S,12R)-2,3,9,10,12-hexahydro-10-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-oxo-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg: 3',2',1'-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,6]-benzo-diazocine-10-carboxylic acid hexyl ester] reversed the effects induced by donepezil. Increase in tissue levels of CGRP, IGF-I, and IGF-I mRNA in the hippocampus was observed at 4 weeks after oral administration of donepezil in WT mice. In these animals, c-fos expression in spinal dorsal horns, parabrachial nuclei, the solitary tract nucleus, and the hippocampus was increased. Enhancement in angiogenesis and neurogenesis was observed in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of WT mice after donepezil administration. Improvement of spatial learning was observed in WT mice after donepezil administration. Oral administration of tacrine for 4 weeks produced none of the aforementioned effects induced by donepezil in WT mice. However, none of the effects observed in WT mice was seen after donepezil administration in CGRP-knockout mice and WT mice subjected to functional denervation. These observations suggest that donepezil may improve cognitive function in mice by increasing the hippocampal production of IGF-I through sensory neuron stimulation. These effects of donepezil may not be dependent on its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Narimatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Medical Crisis Management, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Harada N, Okajima K, Narimatsu N, Kurihara H, Nakagata N. Effect of topical application of raspberry ketone on dermal production of insulin-like growth factor-I in mice and on hair growth and skin elasticity in humans. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:335-344. [PMID: 18321745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensory neurons release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on activation. We recently reported that topical application of capsaicin increases facial skin elasticity and promotes hair growth by increasing dermal insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) production through activation of sensory neurons in mice and humans. Raspberry ketone (RK), a major aromatic compound contained in red raspberries (Rubus idaeus), has a structure similar to that of capsaicin. Thus, it is possible that RK activates sensory neurons, thereby increasing skin elasticity and promoting hair growth by increasing dermal IGF-I production. In the present study, we examined this possibility in mice and humans. RK, at concentrations higher than 1 microM, significantly increased CGRP release from dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) isolated from wild-type (WT) mice and this increase was completely reversed by capsazepine, an inhibitor of vanilloid receptor-1 activation. Topical application of 0.01% RK increased dermal IGF-I levels at 30 min after application in WT mice, but not in CGRP-knockout mice. Topical application of 0.01% RK increased immunohistochemical expression of IGF-I at dermal papillae in hair follicles and promoted hair re-growth in WT mice at 4 weeks after the application. When applied topically to the scalp and facial skin, 0.01% RK promoted hair growth in 50.0% of humans with alopecia (n=10) at 5 months after application and increased cheek skin elasticity at 2 weeks after application in 5 females (p<0.04). These observations strongly suggest that RK might increase dermal IGF-I production through sensory neuron activation, thereby promoting hair growth and increasing skin elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Harada
- Department of Translational Medical Science Research, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Elefteriou F. Regulation of bone remodeling by the central and peripheral nervous system. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 473:231-6. [PMID: 18410742 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The homeostatic nature of bone remodeling has become a notion further supported lately by the demonstration that neuropeptides and their receptors regulate osteoblast and osteoclast function in vivo. Following initial studies reporting the presence of nerves and nerve-derived products within the bone microenvironment and the expression of receptors for these neuropeptides in bone cells, new experimental and mechanistic evidence based on in vivo murine genetic and pharmacologic models recently demonstrated that inputs from the central and peripheral nervous system feed into the already complex regulatory machinery controlling bone remodeling. The function of a number of "osteo-neuromediators" has been characterized, including norepinephrine and the beta2-adrenergic receptor, Neuropeptide Y and the Y1 and Y2 receptors, endocannabinoids and the CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as dopamine, serotonin and their receptors and transporters, Calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuronal NOS. This new body of evidence suggests that neurons in the central nervous system integrate clues from the internal and external milieux, such as energy homeostasis, glycemia or reproductive signals, with the regulation of bone remodeling. The next major tasks in this new area of bone biology will be to understand, at the molecular level, the mechanisms by which common central neural systems regulate and integrate these major physiological functions, the relative importance of the central and peripheral actions of neuropeptides present in both compartments and their relationship, and how bone cells signal back to central centers, because the definition of a homeostatic function implies the existence of feedback signals. Together, these findings shed a new light on the complexity of the mechanisms regulating bone remodeling and uncovered new potential therapeutic strategies for the design of bone anabolic treatments. This review summarizes the latest advances in this area, focusing on investigations based on in vivo animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Elefteriou
- Vanderbilt University, Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Medical Research Building IV Room, Nashville, TN 37232-0575, USA.
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Uzan B, Villemin A, Garel JM, Cressent M. Adrenomedullin is anti-apoptotic in osteoblasts through CGRP1 receptors and MEK-ERK pathway. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:122-8. [PMID: 17941085 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been shown to mediate multifunctional responses in cell culture and animal system such as regulation of growth and apoptosis. ADM stimulates the proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro and promotes bone growth in vivo. The ability of ADM to influence osteoblastic cell number through inhibition of apoptosis has not yet been studied. To address this question we have investigated its effect on the apoptosis of serum-deprived osteoblastic cells using mouse MC3T3-E1 cells which express both ADM and ADM receptors. Treatment with ADM significantly blunted apoptosis, evaluated by caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation quantification and annexin V-FITC labeling. This effect was abolished by the subtype-1 CGRP receptor antagonist, CGRP(8-37). Both ADM and its specific receptor antagonist, the (22-52) ADM fragment exhibited a similar anti-apoptotic effect. Thus, our data suggest that ADM exerts anti-apoptotic effects through CGRP1 receptors. This was substantiated by a similar protective effect of CGRP on MC3T3-E1 cells apoptosis. Accordingly, neutralization of endogenous ADM by a specific antibody enhanced apoptosis. Finally, the selective inhibitor of MAPK kinase (MEK), PD98059, abolished the apoptosis protective effect of ADM and prevented ADM activation of ERK1/2. These data show that ADM acts as a survival factor in osteoblastic cells via a CGRP1 receptor-MEK-ERK pathway, which provides further understanding on the physiological function of ADM in osteoblasts.
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Tei E, Yamamoto H, Watanabe T, Miyazaki A, Nakadate T, Kato N, Mimura M. Use of serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels to predict psychiatric non-response to donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:47-54. [PMID: 17714966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) deficiency may be involved in cognitive deficits seen with aging and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was aimed at investigating whether non-responder to donepezil could be predicted using decreased serum levels of IGF-I in AD patients. DESIGN This study involved 106 elderly subjects: 50 patients with AD and 56 age-matched controls without dementia. In patients with AD, donepezil was given orally 3 mg/day for 4 weeks and 5 mg/day for another 12 weeks. AD patients were divided into responders and non-responders based on the changes in mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores before and 16 weeks after treatment with donepezil. Serum levels of IGF-I and atherogenic biomarkers were determined. RESULTS Before treatment with donepezil, there was a significant positive correlation between serum IGF-I levels and the MMSE scores in all subjects. Serum IGF-I levels and the MMSE scores were significantly lower in AD patients than in non-demented controls and were the lowest in non-responders to donepezil. Atherogenic biomarkers (LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), lipid peroxide, apolipoprotein E, and glucose levels) did not differ significantly among these groups. On multiple logistic regression, non-responders to donepezil showed decreased serum IGF-I levels <110 ng/ml and MMSE scores <15 points before treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that decreased levels of serum IGF-I combined with MMSE scores before treatment could predict non-responders to donepezil among AD patients, which may be a simple and practical method for selecting patients expected to show a response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitetsu Tei
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Harada N, Okajima K. Effect of capsaicin on plasma and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor-I in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:75-81. [PMID: 17693108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), an important substance for maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, are lower in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) increases IGF-I production in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that stimulation of sensory neurons might increase the production of IGF-I in SHR. DESIGN Levels of CGRP and IGF-I in plasma, kidneys and heart in WKY and SHR and cellular cyclic AMP levels in dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs) isolated from WKY and SHR were measured by an ELISA-based method. RESULTS Levels of CGRP and IGF-I in plasma, kidneys and heart of SHR were about half of those of WKY. Administration of capsaicin significantly increased levels of CGRP and IGF-I in plasma and tissues of SHR to the levels in WKY and these increases were completely reversed by pretreatment with capsazepine, an inhibitor of vanilloid receptor-1 activation. CGRP release and cellular levels of cAMP in DRGs isolated from SHR were significantly lower than those in DRGs isolated from WKY. Capsaicin increased both CGRP release and cellular cAMP levels in DRGs isolated from SHR to the levels in DRGs isolated from WKY. CONCLUSIONS Sensory neuron activation might be lower in SHR than in WKY probably due to decreased production of cAMP in sensory neurons, explaining why IGF-I levels in plasma and tissues are lower in SHR than in WKY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Harada
- Department of Translational Medical Science Research, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Harada N, Okajima K, Arai M, Kurihara H, Nakagata N. Administration of capsaicin and isoflavone promotes hair growth by increasing insulin-like growth factor-I production in mice and in humans with alopecia. Growth Horm IGF Res 2007; 17:408-415. [PMID: 17569567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays an important role in hair growth. Capsaicin activates vanilloid receptor-1, thereby increasing the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from sensory neurons, and CGRP has been shown to increase IGF-I production. We recently reported that isoflavone, a phytoestrogen, increases production of CGRP by increasing its transcription in sensory neurons. These observations raise the possibility that administration of capsaicin and isoflavone might promote hair growth by increasing IGF-I production. In the present study, we examined this possibility in mice and humans with alopecia. DESIGN Dermal IGF-I levels, immunohistochemical expression of IGF-I in the skin and hair regrowth were examined after capsaicin and isoflavone administration to wild-type (WT) mice and CGRP-knockout mice. Plasma levels of IGF-I and promotion of hair growth were evaluated in 48 volunteers with alopecia after administration of capsaicin and isoflavone for 5 months. RESULTS Subcutaneous administration of capsaicin significantly increased dermal IGF-I levels at 30 min after administration in WT mice (p < 0.01), but not in CGRP-knockout mice. Dermal levels of IGF-I were significantly higher in WT mice administered capsaicin and isoflavone for 4 wks than in those administered capsaicin alone for 4 wks (p < 0.01) and in those administered neither of them (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemical expression of IGF-I at dermal papillae in hair follicles was increased in WT mice administered capsaicin and isoflavone and in those administered capsaicin alone at 4 wks. Hair regrowth was clearly more accelerated in WT mice administered capsaicin and isoflavone for 4 wks than in those administered capsaicin alone for 4 wks and in those administered neither of them. Plasma levels of IGF-I were significantly increased from baseline levels in 31 volunteers with alopecia at 5 months after oral administration of capsaicin (6 mg/day) and isoflavone (75 mg/day) (p < 0.01), while they were not increased in 17 volunteers with alopecia administered placebo. The number of volunteers with alopecia who showed promotion of hair growth at 5 months after administration was significantly higher among volunteers administered capsaicin and isoflavone (20/31: 64.5%) than among those administered placebo (2/17: 11.8%) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These observations strongly suggested that combined administration of capsaicin and isoflavone might increase IGF-I production in hair follicles in the skin, thereby promoting hair growth. Such effects of capsaicin and isoflavone might be mediated by sensory neuron activation in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Harada
- Department of Translational Medical Science Research, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Li J, Kreicbergs A, Bergström J, Stark A, Ahmed M. Site-specific CGRP innervation coincides with bone formation during fracture healing and modeling: A study in rat angulated tibia. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:1204-12. [PMID: 17503519 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sensory neuropeptide involved in local bone turnover is known, but poorly understood. In the present study, we analyze the occurrence of neuronal CGRP during healing and modeling of straight and angular tibial fractures in 74 rats. Bone healing and modeling was assessed by radiography and reinnervation by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry method at fracture site between 1-12 weeks postfracture. The regenerating nerve fibers containing CGRP were observed in fracture callus as well as in close proximity to chondrocytes, with woven bone in both fractures already at week 1. Notably, it located predominantly on the concave side of angulated fracture in the manner of sprouting into bone from weeks 3 to 5 postfracture. In both fractures, fracture calluses peaked radiographically at week 3 postfracture. In angulated fracture, a reduction of 11% in callus thickness on convex side and an increase of 365% on concave side were noted from weeks 3 to 12. A 27-fold increase in total neuronal CGRP in straight fracture and 38-fold increases in angular fracture compared to intact bone was observed at week 3. In both types of fracture, neuronal CGRP was greater on the concave side than the convex; this difference was more pronounced in the angulated fracture. CGRP immunoreactivity clearly coincides with amount of new bone formation especially on the concave side of angulated fracture. The combined results suggest that fracture evokes an intense, localized in-growth of new nerve fibers containing CGRP, which may prove to be a prerequisite of fracture healing and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Section of Orthopaedics, Institution of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Research Center M3:02, Karolinska University Hospital, SE 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Narukawa M, Suzuki N, Takayama T, Shoji T, Otsuka K, Ito K. Enamel matrix derivative stimulates chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:131-7. [PMID: 17305871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although enamel matrix derivative can promote chondrogenic differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal precursor cells, the molecular mechanism that underlies this phenomenon is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of enamel matrix derivative on chondrogenic differentiation. ATDC5 cells, which undergo a reproducible multistep chondrogenic differentiation, were cultured with or without enamel matrix derivative for up to 35 d. METHODS AND RESULTS Cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity increased markedly in cells cultured in the presence of enamel matrix derivative, compared with cells cultured in its absence. Deposition of Alcian blue-positive cartilage matrix and Alizarin red-positive mineralized nodules also increased significantly upon treatment with enamel matrix derivative. Expression of mRNAs encoding cartilage extracellular matrix proteins (type II collagen, type X collagen and aggrecan) and chondrogenic-related transcription factors (Sox9, Zfp60 and AJ18) were measured using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Type II collagen, type X collagen and aggrecan mRNA expression increased markedly with enamel matrix derivative treatment. Transcription of Sox9, an important transcription factor that mediates chondrogenic differentiation, also increased with enamel matrix derivative treatment. The KRAB/C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factors, Zfp60 and AJ18, were transiently expressed in the prehypertrophic stage, and their expression increased with enamel matrix derivative treatment. In a western blot analysis with anti-insulin-like growth factor-I and anti-bone morphogenetic protein-6 immunoglobulin, bands corresponding to approximately 14, approximately 18 and approximately 60 kDa were found in enamel matrix derivative. CONCLUSION Our study provides clear evidence that enamel matrix derivative promotes chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Narukawa
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Harada N, Okajima K. Effect of topical application of capsaicin and its related compounds on dermal insulin-like growth factor-I levels in mice and on facial skin elasticity in humans. Growth Horm IGF Res 2007; 17:171-176. [PMID: 17307377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin increases calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from sensory neurons by stimulating vanilloid receptor-1 (VR-1). Since CGRP increases production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in fetal osteoblasts in vitro, it is possible that sensory neuron activation by capsaicin increases production of IGF-I. In the present study, we attempted to determine whether topical application of capsaicin and related compounds increases dermal IGF-I level in mice and whether it increases facial skin elasticity in humans. Topical application of 0.01% capsaicin significantly increased dermal IGF-I levels from 30 to 180min (p<0.01), but not at 360min, after application in mice. Topical application of 0.01% capsaicinoids (dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin), 0.01% capsinoids (capsiate, dihydrocapsiate and nordihydrocapsiate), 0.01% anandamide (an endogenous agonist of VR-1), and 0.01% nonylic acid vanillylamide (a synthetic capsaicin) significantly increased dermal IGF-I levels at 30min after topical application in mice (p<0.01). Topical application of 0.01% capsaicin to faces of 17 healthy female volunteers for seven days significantly increased cheek skin elasticity (p<0.01). These observations suggest that topical application of capsaicin and related compounds might be useful in the treatment of detrimental morphological changes of the skin in patients with growth hormone deficiency and those in the elderly by increasing dermal IGF-I levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Harada
- Department of Biodefense Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Nagoya, Japan
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Harada N, Okajima K, Kurihara H, Nakagata N. RETRACTED: Stimulation of sensory neurons by capsaicin increases tissue levels of IGF-I, thereby reducing reperfusion-induced apoptosis in mice. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:1303-11. [PMID: 17360009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) increases insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) production in fetal rat osteoblasts in vitro, suggesting that stimulation of sensory neurons might increase IGF-I production, thereby preventing apoptosis. We examined whether stimulation of sensory neurons by capsaicin might reduce reperfusion-induced hepatic apoptosis by increasing IGF-I production. Administration of capsaicin increased tissue levels of IGF-I and IGF-I mRNA in various organs in wild-type (WT) mice, but not in CGRP-knock-out (CGRP-/-) mice. Administration of CGRP increased tissue levels of IGF-I and IGF-I mRNA in both WT and CGRP-/- mice. Increases in hepatic tissue levels of TNF, serum levels of transaminases, hepatic apoptosis and hepatic tissue levels of caspase-3 after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) were more marked in CGRP-/- mice than in WT mice. Hepatic IGF-I levels were increased in WT mice after reperfusion, while they were not changed in CGRP-/- mice. Although administration of capsaicin enhanced increases in IGF-I levels and reduced reperfusion-induced events in WT mice, it had no effect in CGRP-/- mice. Administration of CGRP and IGF-I reduced reperfusion-induced effects in both strains of mice. These observations suggested that capsaicin-induced sensory neuron activation, which leads to release of CGRP, might increase IGF-I production, thereby reducing reperfusion-induced liver injury by reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Harada
- Department of Biodefense Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Narukawa M, Suzuki N, Takayama T, Yamashita Y, Otsuka K, Ito K. Enamel matrix derivative stimulates osteogenesis- and chondrogenesis-related transcription factors in C3H10T1/2 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007; 39:1-7. [PMID: 17213952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to determine how enamel matrix derivative (EMD) affects the expression of osteogenesis- and chondrogenesis-related transcription factors in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. C3H10T1/2 cell line, a typical pluripotential mesenchymal cell line, was cultured with or without EMD for up to 7 d. Expression of mRNAs encoding osteogenesis- and chondrogenesis-related transcription factors (Runx2, Osterix, AJ18, Dlx5, Msx2, Sox5, Sox9 and Zfp60) was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Runx2 and Sox9 protein expression and the presence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6-like molecules in EMD were determined by Western blotting. EMD substantially increased mRNA levels of osteogenesis- and chondrogenesis-related transcription factors. EMD also induced Runx2 and Sox9 protein expression. Western blotting analysis of EMD using anti-BMP-6 antibody revealed immunoreactive bands corresponding to about 14 kDa and 60 kDa. These results suggest that EMD stimulates osteogenesis- and chondrogenesis-related transcription factors, and these activities may be mediated, at least in part, by BMP-6 in EMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Narukawa
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo101-8310, Japan
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Villa I, Mrak E, Rubinacci A, Ravasi F, Guidobono F. CGRP inhibits osteoprotegerin production in human osteoblast-like cells via cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 291:C529-37. [PMID: 16611736 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00354.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK) system was evaluated as a potential target of CGRP anabolic activity on bone. Primary cultures of human osteoblast-like cells (hOB) express calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1, and, because CGRP stimulates cAMP (one of the modulators of OPG production in osteoblasts), it was investigated whether it affects OPG secretion and expression in hOB. CGRP treatment of hOB (10(-11) M-10(-7) M) dose-dependently inhibited OPG secretion with an EC(50) of 1.08 x 10(-10) M, and also decreased its expression. This action was blocked by the antagonist CGRP(8-37). Forskolin, a stimulator of cAMP production, and dibutyryl cAMP also reduced the production of OPG. CGRP (10(-8) M) enhanced protein kinase A (PKA) activity in hOB, and hOB exposure to the PKA inhibitor, H89 (2 x 10(-6) M), abolished the inhibitory effect of CGRP on OPG secretion. Conditioned media from CGRP-treated hOB increased the number of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells and the secretion of cathepsin K in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with the conditioned media of untreated hOB. These results show that the cAMP/PKA pathway is involved in the CGRP inhibition of OPG mRNA and protein secretion in hOB and that this effect favors osteoclastogenesis. CGRP could thus modulate the balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity, participating in the fine tuning of all of the bone remodeling phases necessary for the subsequent anabolic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Villa
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
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Gajda M, Litwin JA, Cichocki T, Timmermans JP, Adriaensen D. Development of sensory innervation in rat tibia: co-localization of CGRP and substance P with growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43). J Anat 2005; 207:135-44. [PMID: 16050900 PMCID: PMC1571520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of sensory innervation in long bones was investigated in rat tibia in fetuses on gestational days (GD) 16-21 and in neonates and juvenile individuals on postnatal days (PD) 1-28. A double immunostaining method was applied to study the co-localization of the neuronal growth marker growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and the pan-neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) as well as that of two sensory fibre-associated neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). The earliest, not yet chemically coded, nerve fibres were observed on GD17 in the perichondrium of the proximal epiphysis. Further development of the innervation was characterized by the successive appearance of nerve fibres in the perichondrium/periosteum of the shaft (GD19), the bone marrow cavity and intercondylar eminence (GD21), the metaphyses (PD1), the cartilage canals penetrating into the epiphyses (PD7), and finally in the secondary ossification centres (PD10) and epiphyseal bone marrow (PD14). Maturation of the fibres, manifested by their immunoreactivity for CGRP and SP, was visible on GD21 in the epiphyseal perichondrium, the periosteum of the shaft and the bone marrow, on PD1 in the intercondylar eminence and the metaphyses, on PD7 in the cartilage canals, on PD10 in the secondary ossification centres and on PD14 in the epiphyseal bone marrow. The temporal and topographic pattern of nerve fibre appearance corresponds with the development of regions characterized by active mineralization and bone remodelling, suggesting a possible involvement of the sensory innervation in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gajda
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Ishizuka K, Hirukawa K, Nakamura H, Togari A. Inhibitory effect of CGRP on osteoclast formation by mouse bone marrow cells treated with isoproterenol. Neurosci Lett 2005; 379:47-51. [PMID: 15814197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to elucidate the mode of action of isoproterenol (Isp; adrenergic beta-agonist) and to characterize the effect of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; sensory neuropeptide) on osteoclast formation induced by Isp in a mouse bone marrow culture system. Treatment of mouse bone marrow cells with Isp generated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells (MNCs) capable of excavating resorptive pits on dentine slices, and caused an increase in receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and a decrease in osteoprotegerin (OPG) production by the marrow cells. The osteoclast formation was significantly inhibited by OPG, suggesting the involvement of the RANKL-RANK system. CGRP inhibited the osteoclast formation caused by Isp or soluble RANKL (s-RANKL) but had no influence on RANKL or OPG production by the bone marrow cells treated with Isp, suggesting that CGRP inhibited the osteoclast formation by interfering with the action of RANKL produced by the Isp-treated bone marrow cells without affecting RANKL or OPG production. This in vitro data suggest the physiological interaction of sympathetic and sensory nerves in osteoclastogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ishizuka
- Department of Pharamacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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Uzan B, de Vernejoul MC, Cressent M. RAMPs and CRLR expressions in osteoblastic cells after dexamethasone treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 321:802-8. [PMID: 15358098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic activity and promotes bone growth in vivo. ADM receptors are formed by heterodimerization of the CRLR and a RAMP2 or RAMP3 molecule. Since glucocorticoid responsive elements were recently identified in the human CRLR promoter and that glucocorticoids exert a major action in bones, we investigated the acute effect of dexamethasone (Dex) treatment on ADM receptor components in osteoblastic cell types: the MC3T3-E1 cells and calvaria-derived osteoblastic cells. Changes in expression of CRLR and RAMPs molecules were evaluated at mRNA levels using RT-PCR and at protein levels by Western blot analysis. We found that Dex increased expression of RAMP1 and RAMP2 mRNA in a time-dependent but dose-independent manner, while RAMP3 was unchanged. In contrast, Dex decreased the CRLR mRNA expression and these changes were reflected at protein levels. We suggest that Dex, in osteoblastic cells, altered ADM receptor by inhibition of CRLR expression and consequently could impair the ADM anabolic effect on bone. Our findings could explain in part, the detrimental side effects observed at bone level during glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Uzan
- U.606 INSERM Hôpital Lariboisière, Centre Viggo Petersen, 2 rue Amboise Paré, 75475 Paris-Cedex 10, France
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Burns DM, Stehno-Bittel L, Kawase T. Calcitonin gene-related peptide elevates calcium and polarizes membrane potential in MG-63 cells by both cAMP-independent and -dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 287:C457-67. [PMID: 15238361 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00274.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Published data suggest that the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) can stimulate osteoblastic bone formation; however, interest has focused on activation of cAMP-dependent signaling pathways in osteogenic cells without full consideration of the importance of cAMP-independent signaling. We have now examined the effects of CGRP on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](int)) and membrane potential (E(m)) in preosteoblastic human MG-63 cells by single-cell fluorescent confocal analysis using fluo 4-AM-fura red-AM and bis(1,3-dibarbituric acid)-trimethine oxanol [DiBAC(4)(3)] bis-oxonol assays. CGRP produced a two-stage change in [Ca(2+)](int): a rapid transient peak and a secondary sustained increase. Both responses were dose dependent with an EC(50) of approximately 0.30 nM, and the maximal effect (initially approximately 3-fold over basal levels) was observed at 20 nM. The initial phase was sensitive to inhibition of Ca(2+) mobilization with thapsigargin, whereas the secondary phase was eliminated only by blocking transmembrane Ca(2+) influx with verapamil or inhibiting cAMP-dependent signaling with the Rp isomer of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS). These data suggest that CGRP initially stimulates Ca(2+) discharge from intracellular stores by a cAMP-independent mechanism and subsequently stimulates Ca(2+) influx through L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels by a cAMP-dependent mechanism. In addition, CGRP dose-dependently polarized cellular E(m), with maximal effect at 20 nM and an EC(50) of 0.30 nM. This effect was attenuated with charybdotoxin (-20%) or glyburide (glibenclamide; -80%), suggesting that E(m) hyperpolarization is induced by both Ca(2+)-activated and ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. Thus CGRP signals strongly by both cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent signaling pathways in preosteoblastic human MG-63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Burns
- Medical Research Service (151), Kansas City Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4801 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
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