1
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Takallu S, Aiyelabegan HT, Zomorodi AR, Alexandrovna KV, Aflakian F, Asvar Z, Moradi F, Behbahani MR, Mirzaei E, Sarhadi F, Vakili-Ghartavol R. Nanotechnology improves the detection of bacteria: Recent advances and future perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32020. [PMID: 38868076 PMCID: PMC11167352 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has advanced significantly, particularly in biomedicine, showing promise for nanomaterial applications. Bacterial infections pose persistent public health challenges due to the lack of rapid pathogen detection methods, resulting in antibiotic overuse and bacterial resistance, threatening the human microbiome. Nanotechnology offers a solution through nanoparticle-based materials facilitating early bacterial detection and combating resistance. This study explores recent research on nanoparticle development for controlling microbial infections using various nanotechnology-driven detection methods. These approaches include Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensors, Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors, Optoelectronic-based sensors, Bacteriophage-Based Sensors, and nanotechnology-based aptasensors. These technologies provide precise bacteria detection, enabling targeted treatment and infection prevention. Integrating nanoparticles into detection approaches holds promise for enhancing patient outcomes and mitigating harmful bacteria spread in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Takallu
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Rafati Zomorodi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Aflakian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Asvar
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Moradi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Rajaee Behbahani
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Sarhadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Kar D, V P, Si S, Panigrahi H, Mishra S. Carbon Dots and Their Polymeric Nanocomposites: Insight into Their Synthesis, Photoluminescence Mechanisms, and Recent Trends in Sensing Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11050-11080. [PMID: 38497004 PMCID: PMC10938319 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a novel class of carbon-based nanoparticles, have received a lot of interest recently due to their exceptional mechanical, chemical, and fluorescent properties, as well as their excellent photostability and biocompatibility. CDs' emission properties have already found a variety of potential applications, in which bioimaging and sensing are major highlights. It is widely acknowledged that CDs' fluorescence and surface conditions are closely linked. However, due to the structural complexity of CDs, the specific underlying process of their fluorescence is uncertain and yet to be explained. Because of their low toxicity, robust and wide optical absorption, high chemical stability, rapid transfer characteristics, and ease of modification, CDs have been recognized as promising carbon nanomaterials for a variety of sensing applications. Thus, following such outstanding properties of CDs, they have been mixed and imprinted onto different polymeric components to achieve a highly efficient nanocomposite with improved functional groups and properties. Here, in this review, various approaches and techniques for the preparation of polymer/CDs nanocomposites have been elaborated along with the individual characteristics of CDs. CDs/polymer nanocomposites recently have been highly demanded for sensor applications. The insights from this review are detailed sensor applications of polymer/CDs nanocomposites especially for detection of different chemical and biological analytes such as metal ions, small organic molecules, and several contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip
Kumar Kar
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Praveenkumar V
- Institute of Chemical
Technology (ICT), Indian Oil Campus (IOC), Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Satyabrata Si
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Harekrishna Panigrahi
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Smrutirekha Mishra
- Institute of Chemical
Technology (ICT), Indian Oil Campus (IOC), Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
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3
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Pawar S, Duadi H, Friedman Gohas M, Cohen Y, Fixler D. Bioimaging based on Poly(ethylenimine)-Coated Carbon Dots and Gold Nanoparticles for pH Sensing and Metal Enhanced Fluorescence. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4935-4943. [PMID: 37870948 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to specific light wavelengths, carbon dots (CDs), which tend to be fluorescent, can emit colorful light. It provides them with a lot of adaptability for different applications including bioimaging, optoelectronics, and even environmental sensing. Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) coated carbon dots (PEI-CDs) with a long emission wavelength were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The resultant CDs show strong fluorescence with quantum yield up to 20.2%. The PEI-CDs exist with distinct pH-sensitive features with pH values in the range of 2-14. The optical characteristics of CDs are pH-responsive due to the presence of different amine groups on PEI, which is a functional polycationic polymer. One of the most widely employed nanoparticles for improving the fluorescence plasmonic characteristics of a nanocomposite is gold. Gold nanoparticles were coupled with PEI-CDs in this assay by using the EDC-NHS coupling to increase the photoluminescence property of the PEI-CDs by using the metal-enhanced fluorescence approach. In the presence of gold nanoparticles, the fluorescence is enhanced 5-6 times. The likely mechanism in our investigation was primarily derived from enhancement of the intrinsic radiative decay rate rather than the local electric field impact. Moreover, PEI-CDs can be used as a bioimaging agent, as these molecules are nontoxic to the cells, and the positively charged PEI-CDs have the potential for nuclear targeting, allowing for electrostatic contact with DNA in the nucleus. This finding will expand the application that the PEI-CDs can be used in the future for targeted imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Pawar
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Moran Friedman Gohas
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- IVF Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- IVF Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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4
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Alzahrani YA, Alromaeh A, Alkahtani M. Efficient Lithium-Based Upconversion Nanoparticles for Single-Particle Imaging and Temperature Sensing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4354. [PMID: 37374538 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion Nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted exceptional attention due to their great potential in high-contrast, free-background biofluorescence deep tissue imaging and quantum sensing. Most of these interesting studies have been performed using an ensemble of UCNPs as fluorescent probes in bioapplications. Here, we report a synthesis of small and efficient YLiF4:Yb,Er UCNPs for single-particle imaging as well as sensitive optical temperature sensing. The reported particles demonstrated a bright and photostable upconversion emission at a single particle level under a low laser intensity excitation of 20 W/cm2. Furthermore, the synthesized UCNPs were tested and compared to the commonly used two-photon excitation QDs and organic dyes and showed a nine times better performance at a single particle level under the same experimental conditions. In addition, the synthesized UCNPs demonstrated sensitive optical temperature sensing at a single particle level within the biological temperature range. The good optical properties of single YLiF4:Yb,Er UCNPs open an avenue for small and efficient fluorescent markers in imaging and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya A Alzahrani
- Future Energy Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alromaeh
- Microelectronics and Semiconductors Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masfer Alkahtani
- Future Energy Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Rizzo R, Onesto V, Morello G, Iuele H, Scalera F, Forciniti S, Gigli G, Polini A, Gervaso F, del Mercato LL. pH-sensing hybrid hydrogels for non-invasive metabolism monitoring in tumor spheroids. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100655. [PMID: 37234366 PMCID: PMC10205545 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant increase in cancer incidence and mortality pushes biomedical research towards the development of in vitro 3D systems able to faithfully reproduce and effectively probe the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells interact with this complex and dynamic architecture, leading to peculiar tumor-associated phenomena, such as acidic pH conditions, rigid extracellular matrix, altered vasculature, hypoxic condition. Acidification of extracellular pH, in particular, is a well-known feature of solid tumors, correlated to cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to therapies. Monitoring local pH variations, non-invasively, during cancer growth and in response to drug treatment becomes extremely important for understanding cancer mechanisms. Here, we describe a simple and reliable pH-sensing hybrid system, based on a thermoresponsive hydrogel embedding optical pH sensors, that we specifically apply for non-invasive and accurate metabolism monitoring in colorectal cancer (CRC) spheroids. First, the physico-chemical properties of the hybrid sensing platform, in terms of stability, rheological and mechanical properties, morphology and pH sensitivity, were fully characterized. Then, the proton gradient distribution in the spheroids proximity, in the presence or absence of drug treatment, was quantified over time by time lapse confocal light scanning microscopy and automated segmentation pipeline, highlighting the effects of the drug treatment in the extracellular pH. In particular, in the treated CRC spheroids the acidification of the microenvironment resulted faster and more pronounced over time. Moreover, a pH gradient distribution was detected in the untreated spheroids, with more acidic values in proximity of the spheroids, resembling the cell metabolic features observed in vivo in the tumor microenvironment. These findings promise to shed light on mechanisms of regulation of proton exchanges by cellular metabolism being essential for the study of solid tumors in 3D in vitro models and the development of personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valentina Onesto
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giulia Morello
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ‘‘Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Helena Iuele
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Scalera
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Forciniti
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ‘‘Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polini
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Gervaso
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Loretta L. del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), C/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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6
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Onesto V, Forciniti S, Alemanno F, Narayanankutty K, Chandra A, Prasad S, Azzariti A, Gigli G, Barra A, De Martino A, De Martino D, del Mercato LL. Probing Single-Cell Fermentation Fluxes and Exchange Networks via pH-Sensing Hybrid Nanofibers. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3313-3323. [PMID: 36573897 PMCID: PMC9979640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The homeostatic control of their environment is an essential task of living cells. It has been hypothesized that, when microenvironmental pH inhomogeneities are induced by high cellular metabolic activity, diffusing protons act as signaling molecules, driving the establishment of exchange networks sustained by the cell-to-cell shuttling of overflow products such as lactate. Despite their fundamental role, the extent and dynamics of such networks is largely unknown due to the lack of methods in single-cell flux analysis. In this study, we provide direct experimental characterization of such exchange networks. We devise a method to quantify single-cell fermentation fluxes over time by integrating high-resolution pH microenvironment sensing via ratiometric nanofibers with constraint-based inverse modeling. We apply our method to cell cultures with mixed populations of cancer cells and fibroblasts. We find that the proton trafficking underlying bulk acidification is strongly heterogeneous, with maximal single-cell fluxes exceeding typical values by up to 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, a crossover in time from a networked phase sustained by densely connected "hubs" (corresponding to cells with high activity) to a sparse phase dominated by isolated dipolar motifs (i.e., by pairwise cell-to-cell exchanges) is uncovered, which parallels the time course of bulk acidification. Our method addresses issues ranging from the homeostatic function of proton exchange to the metabolic coupling of cells with different energetic demands, allowing for real-time noninvasive single-cell metabolic flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Onesto
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, National Research Council
(CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Forciniti
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, National Research Council
(CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Alemanno
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, National Research Council
(CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University
of Salento, 73100Lecce, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Lecce, 73100Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Anil Chandra
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, National Research Council
(CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100Lecce, Italy
| | - Saumya Prasad
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, National Research Council
(CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100Lecce, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- IRCCS
Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.le O. Flacco, 65, 70124Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, National Research Council
(CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University
of Salento, 73100Lecce, Italy
| | - Adriano Barra
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University
of Salento, 73100Lecce, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Lecce, 73100Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea De Martino
- Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, I-10129Torino, Italy
- Italian Institute
for Genomic Medicine, IRCCS Candiolo, SP-142, I-10060Candiolo, Italy
| | - Daniele De Martino
- Biofisika
Institutua (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia, LeioaE-48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque
Foundation, Bilbao48013, Spain
| | - Loretta L. del Mercato
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, National Research Council
(CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100Lecce, Italy
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7
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Tien T, Saccomano SC, Martin PA, Armstrong MS, Prud’homme RK, Cash KJ. Sensors in a Flash! Oxygen Nanosensors for Microbial Metabolic Monitoring Synthesized by Flash Nanoprecipitation. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2606-2614. [PMID: 36053212 PMCID: PMC9513798 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) is an efficient and scalable nanoparticle synthesis method that has not previously been applied to nanosensor fabrication. Current nanosensor fabrication methods have traditionally exhibited poor replicability and consistency resulting in high batch-to-batch variability, highlighting the need for a more tunable and efficient method such as FNP. We used FNP to fabricate nanosensors to sense oxygen based on an oxygen-sensitive dye and a reference dye, as a tool for measuring microbial metabolism. We used fluorescence spectroscopy to optimize nanosensor formulations, calibrate the nanosensors for oxygen concentration determination, and measure oxygen concentrations through oxygen-sensitive dye luminescence. FNP provides an effective platform for making sensors capable of responding to oxygen concentration in gas-bubbled solutions as well as in microbial environments. The environments we tested the sensors in arePseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms andSaccharomyces cerevisiae liquid cultures─both settings where oxygen concentration is highly dependent on microbial activity. With FNP now applied to nanosensor fabrication, future nanosensor applications can take advantage of improved product quality through better replicability and consistency while maintaining the original function of the nanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Tien
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Colorado School
of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Samuel C. Saccomano
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Colorado School
of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Pilar A. Martin
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Colorado School
of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Madeleine S. Armstrong
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert K. Prud’homme
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kevin J. Cash
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Colorado School
of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Quantitative
Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School
of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United
States
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8
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Zhang T, Ding F, Yang Y, Zhao G, Zhang C, Wang R, Huang X. Research Progress and Future Trends of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices in In-Vitro Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070485. [PMID: 35884289 PMCID: PMC9313202 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vitro diagnosis (IVD) has become a hot topic in laboratory research and achievement transformation. However, due to the high cost, and time-consuming and complex operation of traditional technologies, some new technologies are being introduced into IVD, to solve the existing problems. As a result, IVD has begun to develop toward point-of-care testing (POCT), a subdivision field of IVD. The pandemic has made governments and health institutions realize the urgency of accelerating the development of POCT. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), a low-cost, high-efficiency, and easy-to-operate detection platform, have played a significant role in advancing the development of IVD. μPADs are composed of paper as the core material, certain unique substances as reagents for processing the paper, and sensing devices, as auxiliary equipment. The published reviews on the same topic lack a comprehensive and systematic introduction to μPAD classification and research progress in IVD segmentation. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the origin of μPADs and their role in promoting IVD, in the introduction section. Then, processing and detection methods for μPADs are summarized, and the innovative achievements of μPADs in IVD are reviewed. Finally, we discuss and prospect the upgrade and improvement directions of μPADs, in terms of portability, sensitivity, and automation, to help researchers clarify the progress and overcome the difficulties in subsequent μPAD research.
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9
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Wang Y, Cui X, Gao H, Lu R, Zhou W. A fluorescent organic nanoparticles-based sensor synthesized through hydrothermal process and its application in sensing Hg 2+ of real samples and fast visual detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120833. [PMID: 34999359 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs)-based sensor has been attracting great attention in recent years. There are still big challenges in the preparation and application of FONs-based sensor. In this study, a FONs-based sensor was designed and developed through facile hydrothermal process using 3-perylenecarboxaldehyde (PlCA) as the fluorophore and L-methionine (Met) as the recognition site for mercury ions. According to the experimental results, the fluorescence intensity of the as-prepared PlCA-M would decrease when adding Hg2+ and the mechanism was extrapolated to be photoinduced electron transfer inducing by specific coordination interaction. The acquired PlCA-M-based sensor was used to monitor Hg2+ in several real samples (environmental water, tea, and apple) with the limit of detection being 60 nM. Remarkably, a visual detection device based on FONs, SDS-PAAG (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel) @PlCA-M was firstly constructed and successfully used to Hg2+ semi-quantitation by naked eyes. In addition, the acquired FONs was applied into imaging tool for security information detection and identified as solid-state luminescent material for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Mingyuanxilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Mingyuanxilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Mingyuanxilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Runhua Lu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Mingyuanxilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Mingyuanxilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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10
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Recent advances in FRET-Based biosensors for biomedical applications. Anal Biochem 2021; 630:114323. [PMID: 34339665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors are effective analytical tools extensively used in fields of biomedicine, pharmacology, toxicology, and food sciences. Ratiometric imaging of substantial cellular processes, molecular components, and biological interactions is widely performed by these biosensors. A variety of FRET-based biosensors have provided comprehensive insights into underlying mechanisms of pathological conditions in live cells, tissues, and organisms. Moreover, integration of FRET-based biosensors with the current bioanalytical techniques allows for accurate, rapid, and sensitive diagnosis and proposes the advanced strategies for treatment. Precise analysis of ligand-receptor interactions by FRET-based biosensors has presented a basis for determination of novel therapeutic agents. Therefore, this study was designed to review the recent developments in FRET-based biosensors and their biomedical applications. In addition, characteristics, challenges, and outlooks of these biosensors were discussed.
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11
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Tummanapalli SS, Kuppusamy R, Yeo JH, Kumar N, New EJ, Willcox MDP. The role of nitric oxide in ocular surface physiology and pathophysiology. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:37-51. [PMID: 33940170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has a wide array of biological functions including the regulation of vascular tone, neurotransmission, immunomodulation, stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression and antimicrobial action. These functions may depend on the type of isoform that is responsible for the synthesis of NO. NO is found in various ocular tissues playing a pivotal role in physiological mechanisms, namely regulating vascular tone in the uvea, retinal blood circulation, aqueous humor dynamics, neurotransmission and phototransduction in retinal layers. Unregulated production of NO in ocular tissues may result in production of toxic superoxide free radicals that participate in ocular diseases such as endotoxin-induced uveitis, ischemic proliferative retinopathy and neurotoxicity of optic nerve head in glaucoma. However, the role of NO on the ocular surface in mediating physiology and pathophysiological processes is not fully understood. Moreover, methods used to measure levels of NO in the biological samples of the ocular surface are not well established due to its rapid oxidation. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of NO in the physiology and pathophysiology of ocular surface and propose suitable techniques to measure NO levels in ocular surface tissues and tears. This will improve the understanding of NO's role in ocular surface biology and the development of new NO-based therapies to treat various ocular surface diseases. Further, this review summarizes the biochemistry underpinning NO's antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jia Hao Yeo
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Australia
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Prasad S, Chandra A, Cavo M, Parasido E, Fricke S, Lee Y, D'Amone E, Gigli G, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, Del Mercato LL. Optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches for investigating the tumour microenvironment: state-of-the-art review and future trends. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:062001. [PMID: 33065554 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) strongly influences tumorigenesis and metastasis. Two of the most characterized properties of the TME are acidosis and hypoxia, both of which are considered hallmarks of tumours as well as critical factors in response to anticancer treatments. Currently, various imaging approaches exist to measure acidosis and hypoxia in the TME, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and optical imaging. In this review, we will focus on the latest fluorescent-based methods for optical sensing of cell metabolism and MRI as diagnostic imaging tools applied both in vitro and in vivo. The primary emphasis will be on describing the current and future uses of systems that can measure intra- and extra-cellular pH and oxygen changes at high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, the suitability of these approaches for mapping tumour heterogeneity, and assessing response or failure to therapeutics will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Prasad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Cavo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eliana D'Amone
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio De Giorgi', University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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