1
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Cantwell-Jones A, Tylianakis JM, Larson K, Gill RJ. Using individual-based trait frequency distributions to forecast plant-pollinator network responses to environmental change. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14368. [PMID: 38247047 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Determining how and why organisms interact is fundamental to understanding ecosystem responses to future environmental change. To assess the impact on plant-pollinator interactions, recent studies have examined how the effects of environmental change on individual interactions accumulate to generate species-level responses. Here, we review recent developments in using plant-pollinator networks of interacting individuals along with their functional traits, where individuals are nested within species nodes. We highlight how these individual-level, trait-based networks connect intraspecific trait variation (as frequency distributions of multiple traits) with dynamic responses within plant-pollinator communities. This approach can better explain interaction plasticity, and changes to interaction probabilities and network structure over spatiotemporal or other environmental gradients. We argue that only through appreciating such trait-based interaction plasticity can we accurately forecast the potential vulnerability of interactions to future environmental change. We follow this with general guidance on how future studies can collect and analyse high-resolution interaction and trait data, with the hope of improving predictions of future plant-pollinator network responses for targeted and effective conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Cantwell-Jones
- Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, Private Bag 4800, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard J Gill
- Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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2
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Russo L, Bellardini D, Steinberg DK, Congestri R, Lomas MW, D'Alelio D. Long-term oscillations in the normalized biomass-size spectrum reveal the impact of oligotrophication on zooplankton trophic structure in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106295. [PMID: 38118377 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NASG) induced oligotrophication and a decrease in integrated net primary production during the 2010s, potentially affecting higher trophic levels. We analyzed long-term records (1994-2019) of daytime and nighttime zooplankton biomass in five size classes from the NASG. Daytime biomass decreased in the three largest size classes during the 2010s, while decrease in nighttime biomass was less evident due to the relative stability in diel vertical migrator biomass. We used the normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS) to estimate the relative transfer efficiency between trophic levels. The steepness of the NBSS slope at the end of the time series increased by 14% (daytime) and 24% (nighttime) from the maximum observed annual average values (2011 and 2009, respectively). This suggests oligotrophication during the 2010s led to a significant reduction in the transfer of biomass across trophic levels, with negative impacts on the NASG planktonic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Russo
- Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Bellardini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy; DiSTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Deborah K Steinberg
- Coastal & Ocean Processes Section, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA.
| | - Roberta Congestri
- Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michael W Lomas
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA.
| | - Domenico D'Alelio
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
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3
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Merging theory and experiments to predict and understand coextinctions. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:886-898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Damian-Serrano A, Hetherington ED, Choy CA, Haddock SHD, Lapides A, Dunn CW. Characterizing the secret diets of siphonophores (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) using DNA metabarcoding. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267761. [PMID: 35594271 PMCID: PMC9122208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Siphonophores (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) are abundant and diverse gelatinous predators in open-ocean ecosystems. Due to limited access to the midwater, little is known about the diets of most deep-dwelling gelatinous species, which constrains our understanding of food-web structure and nutrient flow in these vast ecosystems. Visual gut-content methods can rarely identify soft-bodied rapidly-digested prey, while observations from submersibles often overlook small prey items. These methods have been differentially applied to shallow and deep siphonophore taxa, confounding habitat and methodological biases. DNA metabarcoding can be used to assess both shallow and deep species' diets under a common methodological framework, since it can detect both small and gelatinous prey. We (1) further characterized the diets of open-ocean siphonophores using DNA metabarcoding, (2) compared the prey detected by visual and molecular methods to evaluate their technical biases, and (3) evaluated tentacle-based predictions of diet. To do this, we performed DNA metabarcoding analyses on the gut contents of 39 siphonophore species across depths to describe their diets, using six barcode regions along the 18S gene. Taxonomic identifications were assigned using public databases combined with local zooplankton sequences. We identified 55 unique prey items, including crustaceans, gelatinous animals, and fish across 47 siphonophore specimens in 24 species. We reported 29 novel predator-prey interactions, among them the first insights into the diets of nine siphonophore species, many of which were congruent with the dietary predictions based on tentilla morphology. Our analyses detected both small and gelatinous prey taxa underrepresented by visual methods in species from both shallow and deep habitats, indicating that siphonophores play similar trophic roles across depth habitats. We also reveal hidden links between siphonophores and filter-feeders near the base of the food web. This study expands our understanding of the ecological roles of siphonophores in the open ocean, their trophic roles within the 'jelly-web', and the importance of their diversity for nutrient flow and ecosystem functioning. Understanding these inconspicuous yet ubiquitous predator-prey interactions is critical to predict the impacts of climate change, overfishing, and conservation policies on oceanic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Damian-Serrano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth D. Hetherington
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - C. Anela Choy
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven H. D. Haddock
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Midwater Research, Moss Landing, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Lapides
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Midwater Research, Moss Landing, CA, United States of America
| | - Casey W. Dunn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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5
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Mérillet L, Robert M, Hernvann PY, Pecuchet L, Pavoine S, Mouchet M, Primicerio R, Kopp D. Effects of life-history traits and network topological characteristics on the robustness of marine food webs. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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6
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Green SJ, Brookson CB, Hardy NA, Crowder LB. Trait-based approaches to global change ecology: moving from description to prediction. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220071. [PMID: 35291837 PMCID: PMC8924753 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait-based approaches are increasingly recognized as a tool for understanding ecosystem re-assembly and function under intensifying global change. Here we synthesize trait-based research globally (n = 865 studies) to examine the contexts in which traits may be used for global change prediction. We find that exponential growth in the field over the last decade remains dominated by descriptive studies of terrestrial plant morphology, highlighting significant opportunities to expand trait-based thinking across systems and taxa. Very few studies (less than 3%) focus on predicting ecological effects of global change, mostly in the past 5 years and via singular traits that mediate abiotic limits on species distribution. Beyond organism size (the most examined trait), we identify over 2500 other morphological, physiological, behavioural and life-history traits known to mediate environmental filters of species' range and abundance as candidates for future predictive global change work. Though uncommon, spatially explicit process models-which mechanistically link traits to changes in organism distributions and abundance-are among the most promising frameworks for holistic global change prediction at scales relevant for conservation decision-making. Further progress towards trait-based forecasting requires addressing persistent barriers including (1) matching scales of multivariate trait and environment data to focal processes disrupted by global change, and (2) propagating variation in trait and environmental parameters throughout process model functions using simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cole B. Brookson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Natasha A. Hardy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Larry B. Crowder
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
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7
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Hadj-Hammou J, McClanahan TR, Graham NAJ. Decadal shifts in traits of reef fish communities in marine reserves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23470. [PMID: 34873242 PMCID: PMC8648868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine reserves are known to impact the biomass, biodiversity, and functions of coral reef fish communities, but the effect of protective management on fish traits is less explored. We used a time-series modelling approach to simultaneously evaluate the abundance, biomass, and traits of eight fish families over a chronosequence spanning 44 years of protection. We constructed a multivariate functional space based on six traits known to respond to management or disturbance and affect ecosystem processes: size, diet, position in the water column, gregariousness, reef association, and length at maturity. We show that biomass increased with a log-linear trend over the time-series, but abundance only increased after 20 years of closure, and with more variation among reserves. This difference is attributed to recovery rates being dependent on body sizes. Abundance-weighted traits and the associated multivariate space of the community change is driven by increased proportions over time of the trait categories: 7-15 cm body size; planktivorous; species low in the water column; medium-large schools; and species with high levels of reef association. These findings suggest that the trait compositions emerging after the cessation of fishing are novel and dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeneen Hadj-Hammou
- Lancaster University Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Tim R McClanahan
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Marine Programs, Bronx, NY, 10460, USA
| | - Nicholas A J Graham
- Lancaster University Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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8
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Wootton KL, Curtsdotter A, Roslin T, Bommarco R, Jonsson T. Towards a modular theory of trophic interactions. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Wootton
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Biofrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Alva Curtsdotter
- Insect Ecology Lab, Zoology The University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Ecological Modelling Group University of Skövde Skövde Sweden
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9
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McCormack SA, Melbourne-Thomas J, Trebilco R, Griffith G, Hill SL, Hoover C, Johnston NM, Marina TI, Murphy EJ, Pakhomov EA, Pinkerton M, Plagányi É, Saravia LA, Subramaniam RC, Van de Putte AP, Constable AJ. Southern Ocean Food Web Modelling: Progress, Prognoses, and Future Priorities for Research and Policy Makers. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.624763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractGraphical summary of multiple aspects of Southern Ocean food web structure and function including alternative energy pathways through pelagic food webs, climate change and fisheries impacts and the importance of microbial networks and benthic systems.
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10
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Hočevar S, Kuparinen A. Marine food web perspective to fisheries-induced evolution. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2378-2391. [PMID: 34745332 PMCID: PMC8549614 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisheries exploitation can cause genetic changes in heritable traits of targeted stocks. The direction of selective pressure forced by harvest acts typically in reverse to natural selection and selects for explicit life histories, usually for younger and smaller spawners with deprived spawning potential. While the consequences that such selection might have on the population dynamics of a single species are well emphasized, we are just beginning to perceive the variety and severity of its propagating effects within the entire marine food webs and ecosystems. Here, we highlight the potential pathways in which fisheries-induced evolution, driven by size-selective fishing, might resonate through globally connected systems. We look at: (i) how a size truncation may induce shifts in ecological niches of harvested species, (ii) how a changed maturation schedule might affect the spawning potential and biomass flow, (iii) how changes in life histories can initiate trophic cascades, (iv) how the role of apex predators may be shifting and (v) whether fisheries-induced evolution could codrive species to depletion and biodiversity loss. Globally increasing effective fishing effort and the uncertain reversibility of eco-evolutionary change induced by fisheries necessitate further research, discussion and precautionary action considering the impacts of fisheries-induced evolution within marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hočevar
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Anna Kuparinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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11
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López-López L, Genner MJ, Tarling GA, Saunders RA, O’Gorman EJ. Ecological Networks in the Scotia Sea: Structural Changes Across Latitude and Depth. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Häussler J, Ryser R, Brose U. Invasive spread in meta‐food‐webs depends on landscape structure, fertilization and species characteristics. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Häussler
- Theoretical Biology, IFM, Linköping Univ. Linköping Sweden
- EcoNetLab, Theory in Biodiversity Science German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Remo Ryser
- EcoNetLab, Theory in Biodiversity Science German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, Theory in Biodiversity Science German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
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13
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Keyes AA, McLaughlin JP, Barner AK, Dee LE. An ecological network approach to predict ecosystem service vulnerability to species losses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1586. [PMID: 33707438 PMCID: PMC7952599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-driven threats are changing biodiversity, impacting ecosystem services. The loss of one species can trigger secondary extinctions of additional species, because species interact-yet the consequences of these secondary extinctions for services remain underexplored. Herein, we compare robustness of food webs and the ecosystem services (hereafter 'services') they provide; and investigate factors determining service responses to secondary extinctions. Simulating twelve extinction scenarios for estuarine food webs with seven services, we find that food web and service robustness are highly correlated, but that robustness varies across services depending on their trophic level and redundancy. Further, we find that species providing services do not play a critical role in stabilizing food webs - whereas species playing supporting roles in services through interactions are critical to the robustness of both food webs and services. Together, our results reveal indirect risks to services through secondary species losses and predictable differences in vulnerability across services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislyn A Keyes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - John P McLaughlin
- Depeartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Laura E Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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14
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Tang F, Wang C, Su J, Wang Y. Semidefinite programming based community detection for node-attributed networks and multiplex networks. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2020.1847291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Tang
- School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Chunning Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Su
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Simmons BI, Wauchope HS, Amano T, Dicks LV, Sutherland WJ, Dakos V. Estimating the risk of species interaction loss in mutualistic communities. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000843. [PMID: 32866143 PMCID: PMC7485972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between species generate the functions on which ecosystems and humans depend. However, we lack an understanding of the risk that interaction loss poses to ecological communities. Here, we quantify the risk of interaction loss for 4,330 species interactions from 41 empirical pollination and seed dispersal networks across 6 continents. We estimate risk as a function of interaction vulnerability to extinction (likelihood of loss) and contribution to network feasibility, a measure of how much an interaction helps a community tolerate environmental perturbations. Remarkably, we find that more vulnerable interactions have higher contributions to network feasibility. Furthermore, interactions tend to have more similar vulnerability and contribution to feasibility across networks than expected by chance, suggesting that vulnerability and feasibility contribution may be intrinsic properties of interactions, rather than only a function of ecological context. These results may provide a starting point for prioritising interactions for conservation in species interaction networks in the future. A study of 4,330 species interactions from 41 empirical pollination and seed dispersal networks across six continents reveals that species interactions which are most vulnerable to extinction are also the most important for ecological community stability; moreover, vulnerable interactions that are important for stability tend to be important and vulnerable wherever they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno I Simmons
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah S Wauchope
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lynn V Dicks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Agroecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William J Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis Dakos
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (ISEM), CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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16
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Hirt MR, Tucker M, Müller T, Rosenbaum B, Brose U. Rethinking trophic niches: Speed and body mass colimit prey space of mammalian predators. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7094-7105. [PMID: 32760514 PMCID: PMC7391329 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Realized trophic niches of predators are often characterized along a one-dimensional range in predator-prey body mass ratios. This prey range is constrained by an "energy limit" and a "subdue limit" toward small and large prey, respectively. Besides these body mass ratios, maximum speed is an additional key component in most predator-prey interactions.Here, we extend the concept of a one-dimensional prey range to a two-dimensional prey space by incorporating a hump-shaped speed-body mass relation. This new "speed limit" additionally constrains trophic niches of predators toward fast prey.To test this concept of two-dimensional prey spaces for different hunting strategies (pursuit, group, and ambush predation), we synthesized data on 63 terrestrial mammalian predator-prey interactions, their body masses, and maximum speeds.We found that pursuit predators hunt smaller and slower prey, whereas group hunters focus on larger but mostly slower prey and ambushers are more flexible. Group hunters and ambushers have evolved different strategies to occupy a similar trophic niche that avoids competition with pursuit predators. Moreover, our concept suggests energetic optima of these hunting strategies along a body mass axis and thereby provides mechanistic explanations for why there are no small group hunters (referred to as "micro-lions") or mega-carnivores (referred to as "mega-cheetahs").Our results demonstrate that advancing the concept of prey ranges to prey spaces by adding the new dimension of speed will foster a new and mechanistic understanding of predator trophic niches and improve our predictions of predator-prey interactions, food web structure, and ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam R. Hirt
- EcoNetLabGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiodiversityFriedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Marlee Tucker
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK‐F)FrankfurtGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Wetland and Water ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Müller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK‐F)FrankfurtGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- EcoNetLabGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiodiversityFriedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLabGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiodiversityFriedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany
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17
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Martinez ND. Allometric Trophic Networks From Individuals to Socio-Ecosystems: Consumer–Resource Theory of the Ecological Elephant in the Room. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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18
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Volvenko IV. Geographical zonation in the distribution of the integral characteristics of net zooplankton in Far Eastern seas and in the North Pacific. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136961. [PMID: 32023518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Earlier, it was shown that the integral characteristics of pelagic and bottom trawl macrofauna in one of the most productive and economically important regions of the world's oceans exhibiting a varying degree of circum-continental zonation, but no evidence of latitudinal zonation was found. New data on net zooplankton, which were sampled in the same marine expeditions as macrofauna, makes it possible to crosscheck the above spatial regularities and hypotheses regarding the reasons for their origin. The spatial distribution patterns of 6 integral characteristics of zooplankton are studied at different levels of the spatial scale using GIS and statistical analysis - abundance N, biomass M, diversity H', species richness S, evenness J, and the mean individual body weight of animals W. It is shown that these characteristics are subject to circum-continental zonation, which manifested as an increase in W and a decrease in N, M and J corresponding with the distance from land to the open sea. In the same direction, the variability of all the integral characteristics decrease. Classical manifestations of the latitudinal zonation of zooplankton are observed to an even higher degree: Humboldt-Wallace's law, Bergman's rule, and the increase of biomass from the equator to the poles with decreasing temperature and increasing mineral nutrient concentrations. Between the previously and newly obtained results, a clear systemic contradiction arose. A hypothesis is put forward regarding why the law of geographical provinciality in this case is observed only with respect to macrofauna, without affecting zooplankton. Several particular additions to Zenkevich-Bogorov's concept of the biological structure of the Ocean were formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Volvenko
- Pacific Branch of Russian Federal "Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" (TINRO), Shevchenko Ave. 4, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Yan
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Purnamrita Sarkar
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Potapov AM, Brose U, Scheu S, Tiunov AV. Trophic Position of Consumers and Size Structure of Food Webs across Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Am Nat 2019; 194:823-839. [DOI: 10.1086/705811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Tang F, Wang C, Su J, Wang Y. Spectral clustering-based community detection using graph distance and node attributes. Comput Stat 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00180-019-00909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Tang F, Ding W. Community detection with structural and attribute similarities. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2019.1568435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Tang
- School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
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23
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Mapping change in biodiversity and ecosystem function research: food webs foster integration of experiments and science policy. ADV ECOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Clegg T, Ali M, Beckerman AP. The impact of intraspecific variation on food web structure. Ecology 2018; 99:2712-2720. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Clegg
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Beckerman
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Quévreux
- Sorbonne Universités, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot Univ Paris 07, CNRS, INRA, IRD, UPEC, Inst. d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement - Paris, iEES-Paris, 4 place Jussieu; FR-75252 Paris France
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena; Jena Germany
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26
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Abstract
Food webs have been found to exhibit remarkable "motif profiles", patterns in the relative prevalences of all possible three-species subgraphs, and this has been related to ecosystem properties such as stability and robustness. Analysing 46 food webs of various kinds, we find that most food webs fall into one of two distinct motif families. The separation between the families is well predicted by a global measure of hierarchical order in directed networks-trophic coherence. We find that trophic coherence is also a good predictor for the extent of omnivory, defined as the tendency of species to feed on multiple trophic levels. We compare our results to a network assembly model that admits tunable trophic coherence via a single free parameter. The model is able to generate food webs in either of the two families by varying this parameter, and correctly classifies almost all the food webs in our database. This is in contrast with the two most popular food web models, the generalized cascade and niche models, which can only generate food webs within a single motif family. Our findings suggest the importance of trophic coherence in modelling local preying patterns in food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Klaise
- Centre for Complexity Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Samuel Johnson
- Centre for Complexity Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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27
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Barabás G, Michalska-Smith MJ, Allesina S. Self-regulation and the stability of large ecological networks. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1870-1875. [PMID: 29062124 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stability of complex ecological networks depends both on the interactions between species and the direct effects of the species on themselves. These self-effects are known as 'self-regulation' when an increase in a species' abundance decreases its per-capita growth rate. Sources of self-regulation include intraspecific interference, cannibalism, time-scale separation between consumers and their resources, spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear functional responses coupling predators with their prey. The influence of self-regulation on network stability is understudied and in addition, the empirical estimation of self-effects poses a formidable challenge. Here, we show that empirical food web structures cannot be stabilized unless the majority of species exhibit substantially strong self-regulation. We also derive an analytical formula predicting the effect of self-regulation on network stability with high accuracy and show that even for random networks, as well as networks with a cascade structure, stability requires negative self-effects for a large proportion of species. These results suggest that the aforementioned potential mechanisms of self-regulation are probably more important in contributing to the stability of observed ecological networks than was previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Barabás
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Matthew J Michalska-Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Computation Institute, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Dell’Acqua O, Brey T, Vacchi M, Chiantore M. Predation impact of the notothenioid fish Trematomus bernacchii on the size structure of the scallop Adamussium colbecki in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Domínguez-García V, Johnson S, Muñoz MA. Intervality and coherence in complex networks. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:065308. [PMID: 27368797 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Food webs-networks of predators and prey-have long been known to exhibit "intervality": species can generally be ordered along a single axis in such a way that the prey of any given predator tend to lie on unbroken compact intervals. Although the meaning of this axis-usually identified with a "niche" dimension-has remained a mystery, it is assumed to lie at the basis of the highly non-trivial structure of food webs. With this in mind, most trophic network modelling has for decades been based on assigning species a niche value by hand. However, we argue here that intervality should not be considered the cause but rather a consequence of food-web structure. First, analysing a set of 46 empirical food webs, we find that they also exhibit predator intervality: the predators of any given species are as likely to be contiguous as the prey are, but in a different ordering. Furthermore, this property is not exclusive of trophic networks: several networks of genes, neurons, metabolites, cellular machines, airports, and words are found to be approximately as interval as food webs. We go on to show that a simple model of food-web assembly which does not make use of a niche axis can nevertheless generate significant intervality. Therefore, the niche dimension (in the sense used for food-web modelling) could in fact be the consequence of other, more fundamental structural traits. We conclude that a new approach to food-web modelling is required for a deeper understanding of ecosystem assembly, structure, and function, and propose that certain topological features thought to be specific of food webs are in fact common to many complex networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Domínguez-García
- Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia and Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Samuel Johnson
- Warwick Mathematics Institute, and Centre for Complexity Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A Muñoz
- Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia and Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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30
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Dunne JA, Maschner H, Betts MW, Huntly N, Russell R, Williams RJ, Wood SA. The roles and impacts of human hunter-gatherers in North Pacific marine food webs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21179. [PMID: 26884149 PMCID: PMC4756680 DOI: 10.1038/srep21179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a nearly 10,000-year history of human presence in the western Gulf of Alaska, but little understanding of how human foragers integrated into and impacted ecosystems through their roles as hunter-gatherers. We present two highly resolved intertidal and nearshore food webs for the Sanak Archipelago in the eastern Aleutian Islands and use them to compare trophic roles of prehistoric humans to other species. We find that the native Aleut people played distinctive roles as super-generalist and highly-omnivorous consumers closely connected to other species. Although the human population was positioned to have strong effects, arrival and presence of Aleut people in the Sanak Archipelago does not appear associated with long-term extinctions. We simulated food web dynamics to explore to what degree introducing a species with trophic roles like those of an Aleut forager, and allowing for variable strong feeding to reflect use of hunting technology, is likely to trigger extinctions. Potential extinctions decreased when an invading omnivorous super-generalist consumer focused strong feeding on decreasing fractions of its possible resources. This study presents the first assessment of the structural roles of humans as consumers within complex ecological networks, and potential impacts of those roles and feeding behavior on associated extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herbert Maschner
- Center for Virtualization and Applied Spatial Technologies, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., NES 107, Tampa, FL 33620
| | - Matthew W. Betts
- Canadian Museum of History, 100 Laurier Street, Gatineau, QC K1A 0M8, Canada
| | - Nancy Huntly
- Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5205 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA
| | - Roly Russell
- The Sandhill Institute for Complexity and Sustainability, Grand Forks, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Spencer A. Wood
- The Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- School for Environmental and Forest Sciences, 4000 15th Ave NE, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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31
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Romero-Romero S, Molina-Ramírez A, Höfer J, Acuña JL. Body size-based trophic structure of a deep marine ecosystem. Ecology 2016; 97:171-81. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0234.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Romero-Romero
- Área de Ecología; Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; and#8232;Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n 33071 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Axayacatl Molina-Ramírez
- Área de Ecología; Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; and#8232;Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n 33071 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Juan Höfer
- Área de Ecología; Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; and#8232;Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n 33071 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - José Luis Acuña
- Área de Ecología; Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; and#8232;Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n 33071 Oviedo Asturias Spain
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32
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Jonsson T, Berg S, Emmerson M, Pimenov A. The context dependency of species keystone status during food web disassembly. FOOD WEBS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Dalla Riva GV, Stouffer DB. Exploring the evolutionary signature of food webs' backbones using functional traits. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio V. Dalla Riva
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, and School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury; Room 523 - Erskine Building Science Road Ilam Christchurch Canterbury 8041 New Zealand
| | - Daniel B. Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology - School of Biological Sciences Univ. of Canterbury; Christchurch Canterbury 8041 New Zealand
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Kalinkat G, Jochum M, Brose U, Dell AI. Body size and the behavioral ecology of insects: linking individuals to ecological communities. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 9:24-30. [PMID: 32846704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of body size as a key feature determining the biology and ecology of individual animals, and thus the structure and dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems, has long been acknowledged. Body size provides a functional link between individual-level processes such as physiology and behavior, with higher-level ecological processes such as the strength and outcome of trophic interactions, which regulate the flow of energy and nutrients within and across ecosystems. Early ecological work on size in animals focused on vertebrates, and especially mammals. More recent focus on invertebrates, and insects in particular, that spans levels of organization from individual physiology to communities, has greatly expanded and improved our understanding of the role of body size in ecology. Progress has come from theoretical advances, from the production of new, high-resolution empirical data sets, and from enhanced computation and analytical techniques. Recent findings suggest that many of the allometric concepts and principles developed over the last century also apply to insects. But these recent studies also emphasize that while body size plays a crucial role in insect ecology, it is not the entire story, and a fuller understanding must come from an approach that integrates both size and non-size effects. In this review we discuss the core principles of a size-based (allometric) approach in insect ecology, together with the potential of such an approach to connect biological processes and mechanisms across levels of organization from individuals to ecosystems. We identify knowledge gaps, particularly related to size constraints on insect movement and behavior, which can impact the strength and outcome of species interactions (and especially trophic interactions) and thus link individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. Addressing these gaps should facilitate a fuller understanding of insect ecology, with important basic and applied benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kalinkat
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dept. of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Seestraße 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Department IV: Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Jochum
- J.F Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Strasse 28, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anthony I Dell
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC), One Confluence Way, East Alton, IL 62024, USA.
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36
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Berg S, Pimenov A, Palmer C, Emmerson M, Jonsson T. Ecological communities are vulnerable to realistic extinction sequences. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Berg
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Div. of Theoretical Biology; Linköping Univ.; SE-58183 Linköping Sweden
- Research Centre for Systems Biology, Univ. of Skövde; PO Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden
| | - Alexander Pimenov
- Weierstrass Inst.; Mohrenstr. 39 DE-10117 Berlin Germany
- Environmental Research Inst., Univ. College Cork; Lee Road Cork Ireland
| | | | - Mark Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's Univ. Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Research Centre for Systems Biology, Univ. of Skövde; PO Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden
- Dept of Ecology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
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37
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Jonsson T, Berg S, Pimenov A, Palmer C, Emmerson M. The reliability ofR50as a measure of vulnerability of food webs to sequential species deletions. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jonsson
- Dept of Ecology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
- Research Centre for Systems Biology, Univ. of Skövde; PO Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden
| | - Sofia Berg
- Research Centre for Systems Biology, Univ. of Skövde; PO Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Div. of Theoretical Biology; Linköping Univ.; SE-58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Alexander Pimenov
- Environmental Res. Inst., Univ. College Cork; Lee Road Cork Ireland
- Weierstrass Inst.; Mohrenstr. 39 DE-10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Catherine Palmer
- Environmental Res. Inst., Univ. College Cork; Lee Road Cork Ireland
| | - Mark Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's Univ. Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
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38
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Tang S, Pawar S, Allesina S. Correlation between interaction strengths drives stability in large ecological networks. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:1094-100. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Tang
- Department of Ecology & Evolution; University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Samraat Pawar
- Department of Ecology & Evolution; University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology & Evolution; University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Computation Institute; University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
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39
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Staniczenko PPA, Smith MJ, Allesina S. Selecting food web models using normalized maximum likelihood. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P. A. Staniczenko
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Chicago; 1101 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Matthew J. Smith
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
- Computation Institute; University of Chicago; 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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40
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Rudolf VHW, Rasmussen NL, Dibble CJ, Van Allen BG. Resolving the roles of body size and species identity in driving functional diversity. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133203. [PMID: 24598423 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to characterize food webs have generated two influential approaches that reduce the complexity of natural communities. The traditional approach groups individuals based on their species identity, while recently developed approaches group individuals based on their body size. While each approach has provided important insights, they have largely been used in parallel in different systems. Consequently, it remains unclear how body size and species identity interact, hampering our ability to develop a more holistic framework that integrates both approaches. We address this conceptual gap by developing a framework which describes how both approaches are related to each other, revealing that both approaches share common but untested assumptions about how variation across size classes or species influences differences in ecological interactions among consumers. Using freshwater mesocosms with dragonfly larvae as predators, we then experimentally demonstrate that while body size strongly determined how predators affected communities, these size effects were species specific and frequently nonlinear, violating a key assumption underlying both size- and species-based approaches. Consequently, neither purely species- nor size-based approaches were adequate to predict functional differences among predators. Instead, functional differences emerged from the synergistic effects of body size and species identity. This clearly demonstrates the need to integrate size- and species-based approaches to predict functional diversity within communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker H W Rudolf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, , Houston, TX 77005, USA
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41
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Eklöf A, Jacob U, Kopp J, Bosch J, Castro-Urgal R, Chacoff NP, Dalsgaard B, de Sassi C, Galetti M, Guimarães PR, Lomáscolo SB, Martín González AM, Pizo MA, Rader R, Rodrigo A, Tylianakis JM, Vázquez DP, Allesina S. The dimensionality of ecological networks. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:577-83. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eklöf
- Department of Ecology & Evolution; University of Chicago; Chicago; IL; USA
| | - Ute Jacob
- Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science; Hamburg; Germany
| | - Jason Kopp
- Department of Ecology & Evolution; University of Chicago; Chicago; IL; USA
| | - Jordi Bosch
- CREAF - Ecology Unit; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona; Barcelona; Spain
| | - Rocío Castro-Urgal
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avanc¸ats (CSIC-UIB); Mallorca, Balearic Islands; Spain
| | - Natacha P. Chacoff
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CONICET; Mendoza; Argentina
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology; Evolution and Climate; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Claudio de Sassi
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Canterbury; New Zealand
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Rio Claro; Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Guimarães
- Departamento de Ecologia; I.B; Universidade de São Paulo; Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | | | | | - Marco Aurelio Pizo
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Estadual Paulista; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Romina Rader
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology; Stockholm University; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Anselm Rodrigo
- CREAF - Ecology Unit; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona; Barcelona; Spain
| | - Jason M. Tylianakis
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Canterbury; New Zealand
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Stewart RI, Dossena M, Bohan DA, Jeppesen E, Kordas RL, Ledger ME, Meerhoff M, Moss B, Mulder C, Shurin JB, Suttle B, Thompson R, Trimmer M, Woodward G. Mesocosm Experiments as a Tool for Ecological Climate-Change Research. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417199-2.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Briones JC, Tsai CH, Nakazawa T, Sakai Y, Papa RDS, Hsieh CH, Okuda N. Long-term changes in the diet of Gymnogobius isaza from Lake Biwa, Japan: effects of body size and environmental prey availability. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53167. [PMID: 23285262 PMCID: PMC3532214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size and environmental prey availability are both key factors determining feeding habits of gape-limited fish predators. However, our understanding of their interactive or relative effects is still limited. In this study, we performed quantitative dietary analysis of different body sizes of goby (Gymnogobius isaza) specimens collected from Lake Biwa between 1962 and 2004. First, we report that the diet was composed mainly of zooplankton (cladocerans and copepods) before the 1980s, and thereafter, shifted to zoobenthos (gammarids). This foraging shift coincided with, and thus can be linked to, known historical events in the lake at that time: decrease in zooplankton abundance with the alleviation of eutrophication, increase in fish body size resulting from fish population collapse, and increase in gammarid abundance due to reduced fish predation pressure. Supporting this view, our data analyses revealed how the long-term changes in the diet composition would be co-mediated by changes in fish body size and environmental prey availability. Specifically, while zoobenthos abundance strongly affected the fish diet composition, larger (smaller) fish preferred zoobenthos (zooplankton). Furthermore, the body size effects were stronger than those of prey availability. These results provide the best long-term evidence that fish feeding habits vary over decades with its body size and prey community due to anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takefumi Nakazawa
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoichiro Sakai
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Rey Donne S. Papa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chih-hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Noboru Okuda
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
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Hudson LN, Emerson R, Jenkins GB, Layer K, Ledger ME, Pichler DE, Thompson MSA, O'Gorman EJ, Woodward G, Reuman DC. Cheddar: analysis and visualisation of ecological communities in R. Methods Ecol Evol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N. Hudson
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road Ascot BerkshireSL5 7PYUK
| | - Rob Emerson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Gareth B. Jenkins
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Katrin Layer
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Mark E. Ledger
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston BirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Doris E. Pichler
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Murray S. A. Thompson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
- Natural History Museum Entomology Department London SW7 5BDUK
| | - Eoin J. O'Gorman
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Guy Woodward
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Daniel C. Reuman
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road Ascot BerkshireSL5 7PYUK
- Laboratory of Populations Rockefeller University 1230 York Ave New York NY10065USA
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Physiological regulatory networks: ecological roles and evolutionary constraints. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:428-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jacob U, Woodward G. Preface. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396992-7.09986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Preface. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398315-2.09986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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O'Gorman EJ, Pichler DE, Adams G, Benstead JP, Cohen H, Craig N, Cross WF, Demars BO, Friberg N, Gíslason GM, Gudmundsdóttir R, Hawczak A, Hood JM, Hudson LN, Johansson L, Johansson MP, Junker JR, Laurila A, Manson JR, Mavromati E, Nelson D, Ólafsson JS, Perkins DM, Petchey OL, Plebani M, Reuman DC, Rall BC, Stewart R, Thompson MS, Woodward G. Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic Communities. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398315-2.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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