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Wang S, Link F, Munker S, Wang W, Feng R, Liebe R, Li Y, Yao Y, Liu H, Shao C, Ebert MP, Ding H, Dooley S, Weng HL, Wang SS. Retinoic acid generates a beneficial microenvironment for liver progenitor cell activation in acute liver failure. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0483. [PMID: 39023343 PMCID: PMC11262820 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When massive necrosis occurs in acute liver failure (ALF), rapid expansion of HSCs called liver progenitor cells (LPCs) in a process called ductular reaction is required for survival. The underlying mechanisms governing this process are not entirely known to date. In ALF, high levels of retinoic acid (RA), a molecule known for its pleiotropic roles in embryonic development, are secreted by activated HSCs. We hypothesized that RA plays a key role in ductular reaction during ALF. METHODS RNAseq was performed to identify molecular signaling pathways affected by all-trans retinoid acid (atRA) treatment in HepaRG LPCs. Functional assays were performed in HepaRG cells treated with atRA or cocultured with LX-2 cells and in the liver tissue of patients suffering from ALF. RESULTS Under ALF conditions, activated HSCs secreted RA, inducing RARα nuclear translocation in LPCs. RNAseq data and investigations in HepaRG cells revealed that atRA treatment activated the WNT-β-Catenin pathway, enhanced stemness genes (SOX9, AFP, and others), increased energy storage, and elevated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters in a RARα nuclear translocation-dependent manner. Further, atRA treatment-induced pathways were confirmed in a coculture system of HepaRG with LX-2 cells. Patients suffering from ALF who displayed RARα nuclear translocation in the LPCs had significantly better MELD scores than those without. CONCLUSIONS During ALF, RA secreted by activated HSCs promotes LPC activation, a prerequisite for subsequent LPC-mediated liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Link
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Munker
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Liver Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rilu Feng
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Roman Liebe
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthias P.A. Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hong-Lei Weng
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhao X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Fan Q, Ke H, Chen X, Jin L, Tang H, Jiang Y, Ma J. Unraveling pathogenesis, biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents for endometriosis associated with disulfidptosis based on bioinformatics analysis, machine learning and experiment validation. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:42. [PMID: 39061076 PMCID: PMC11282767 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMs) is an enigmatic disease of yet-unknown pathogenesis. Disulfidptosis, a novel identified form of programmed cell death resulting from disulfide stress, stands a chance of treating diverse ailments. However, the potential roles of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in EMs remain elusive. This study aims to thoroughly explore the key disulfidptosis genes involved in EMs, and probe novel diagnostic markers and candidate therapeutic compounds from the aspect of disulfidptosis based on bioinformatics analysis, machine learning, and animal experiments. RESULTS Enrichment analysis on key module genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues in EMs suggested that EMs was closely related to disulfidptosis. And then, we obtained 20 and 16 disulfidptosis-related DEGs in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed complex interactions between genes, and screened nine and ten hub genes in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue, respectively. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis uncovered distinct differences in the immunocyte, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene set, and immune checkpoints in the eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues when compared with health control. Besides, the hub genes mentioned above showed a close correlation with the immune microenvironment of EMs. Furthermore, four machine learning algorithms were applied to screen signature genes in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue, including the binary logistic regression (BLR), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Model training and hyperparameter tuning were implemented on 80% of the data using a ten-fold cross-validation method, and tested in the testing sets which determined the excellent diagnostic performance of these models by six indicators (Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, Accuracy, and Area Under Curve). And seven eutopic signature genes (ACTB, GYS1, IQGAP1, MYH10, NUBPL, SLC7A11, TLN1) and five ectopic signature genes (CAPZB, CD2AP, MYH10, OXSM, PDLIM1) were finally identified based on machine learning. The independent validation dataset also showed high accuracy of the signature genes (IQGAP1, SLC7A11, CD2AP, MYH10, PDLIM1) in predicting EMs. Moreover, we screened 12 specific compounds for EMs based on ectopic signature genes and the pharmacological impact of tretinoin on signature genes was further verified in the ectopic lesion in the EMs murine model. CONCLUSION This study verified a close association between disulfidptosis and EMs based on bioinformatics analysis, machine learning, and animal experiments. Further investigation on the biological mechanism of disulfidptosis in EMs is anticipated to yield novel advancements for searching for potential diagnostic biomarkers and revolutionary therapeutic approaches in EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Women's Reproductive Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingnan Fan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanxiao Ke
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linxi Jin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Tang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Institute of Women's Reproductive Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Farazuddin M, Ludka N, Friesen L, Landers JJ, O’Konek JJ, Kim CH, Baker JR. Retinoic Acid Signaling Is Required for Dendritic Cell Maturation and the Induction of T Cell Immunity. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:480-492. [PMID: 37341756 PMCID: PMC10580129 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and its biologically active metabolites, all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid (RA), are thought to be important in generating and modulating immune function. However, RA modulates the function of many types of immune cells, and its specific role in dendritic cell (DC) activation, Ag presentation, and T cell effector function has not been fully characterized. Because RA works primarily through RA receptor (RAR)α, we examined mice with a myeloid cell-specific defect in RA signaling. These transgenic mice have a CD11c-cre-driven expression of a truncated form of RARα that specifically blocks the signaling of all forms of RARs in myeloid cells. This defect results in abnormal DC function, with impaired DC maturation and activation, and reduced Ag uptake and processing. These DC abnormalities were associated with a reduced ability to mount Ag-specific T cell responses to immunization despite having normally functioning T cells. In contrast, the loss of DC-specific RA signaling did not significantly alter levels of Ag-specific Abs postimmunization and resulted in an increase in bronchial IgA. Our findings indicate that RA signaling in DCs is crucial for immune activation, and its absence impairs the development of Ag-specific effector functions of T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farazuddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicholas Ludka
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Leon Friesen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jeffrey J. Landers
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jessica J. O’Konek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chang H. Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James R. Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Anjum N, Hossain MS, Rahman MA, Rafi MKJ, Al Noman A, Afroze M, Saha S, Alelwani W, Tangpong J. Deciphering antidiarrheal effects of Meda pata (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob.) leaf extract in chemical-induced models of albino rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116189. [PMID: 36791925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of preventable death in developing countries, mainly caused by bacterial infections and traditional therapies are very common in diarrheal incidences. Meda Pata (Litsea glutionsa) has a long history of use as traditional medicine for diarrhea, dysentery, and spasm in Bangladesh, India, and some other Asian countries. AIM OF THE STUDY This research reports the antidiarrheal effects of Meda Pata (Litsea glutinosa leaf extract, LGLEx) in animal models. The work has been supported by in silico molecular docking study to verify the effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidiarrheal effect of LGLEx was investigated in castor oil-induced diarrhea, magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea, and gastrointestinal motility test models. Antidiarrheal effects were supported by a molecular docking study through an interaction between LGLEx's GC-MS analyzed imidazole-containing compounds and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (PDB: 4U14) and 5-HT3 receptor (PDB: 5AIN). RESULTS LGLEx potentially reduced the diarrheal incidences in in vivo assays reducing gastrointestinal motility. The maximum diarrheal inhibition was obtained in the castor oil-induced model (62.63%) and and BaSO4-induced model (73.14%), which were statistically significant (P < 0.05) when compared to the reference drug loperamide. In the castor-oil and BaSO4-induced models, peristaltic movement was reduced by 25.96% and 32.17%, respectively. Biochemical markers particularly IgE, C-reactive proteins, and serum electrolytes were significantly (P < 0.0) restored in treated groups. A Molecular docking analysis revealed that two compounds (1-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethylimidazole and 1,6-Anhydro-beta-D-glucofuranose demonstrated the highest binding affinity with target receptors muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (PDB: 4U14) and 5-HT3 receptor (PDB: 5AIN) confirming their drug likeliness. The findings indicate a high potential antidiarrheal impact that warrants further investigation for its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazifa Anjum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Saddam Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh; School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
| | - Md Khalid Juhani Rafi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Noman
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Mirola Afroze
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements (BRiCM), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Srabonti Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
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Hirbo JB, Pasutto F, Gamazon ER, Evans P, Pawar P, Berner D, Sealock J, Tao R, Straub PS, Konkashbaev AI, Breyer MA, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Reis A, Brantley MA, Khor CC, Joos KM, Cox NJ. Analysis of genetically determined gene expression suggests role of inflammatory processes in exfoliation syndrome. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:75. [PMID: 36797672 PMCID: PMC9936777 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is an age-related systemic disorder characterized by excessive production and progressive accumulation of abnormal extracellular material, with pathognomonic ocular manifestations. It is the most common cause of secondary glaucoma, resulting in widespread global blindness. The largest global meta-analysis of XFS in 123,457 multi-ethnic individuals from 24 countries identified seven loci with the strongest association signal in chr15q22-25 region near LOXL1. Expression analysis have so far correlated coding and a few non-coding variants in the region with LOXL1 expression levels, but functional effects of these variants is unclear. We hypothesize that analysis of the contribution of the genetically determined component of gene expression to XFS risk can provide a powerful method to elucidate potential roles of additional genes and clarify biology that underlie XFS. RESULTS Transcriptomic Wide Association Studies (TWAS) using PrediXcan models trained in 48 GTEx tissues leveraging on results from the multi-ethnic and European ancestry GWAS were performed. To eliminate the possibility of false-positive results due to Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) contamination, we i) performed PrediXcan analysis in reduced models removing variants in LD with LOXL1 missense variants associated with XFS, and variants in LOXL1 models in both multiethnic and European ancestry individuals, ii) conducted conditional analysis of the significant signals in European ancestry individuals, and iii) filtered signals based on correlated gene expression, LD and shared eQTLs, iv) conducted expression validation analysis in human iris tissues. We observed twenty-eight genes in chr15q22-25 region that showed statistically significant associations, which were whittled down to ten genes after statistical validations. In experimental analysis, mRNA transcript levels for ARID3B, CD276, LOXL1, NEO1, SCAMP2, and UBL7 were significantly decreased in iris tissues from XFS patients compared to control samples. TWAS genes for XFS were significantly enriched for genes associated with inflammatory conditions. We also observed a higher incidence of XFS comorbidity with inflammatory and connective tissue diseases. CONCLUSION Our results implicate a role for connective tissues and inflammation pathways in the etiology of XFS. Targeting the inflammatory pathway may be a potential therapeutic option to reduce progression in XFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibril B Hirbo
- Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Clare Hall and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Patrick Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Priyanka Pawar
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Daniel Berner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Sealock
- Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Peter S Straub
- Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Anuar I Konkashbaev
- Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Max A Breyer
- Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milam A Brantley
- Clare Hall and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Chiea C Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Karen M Joos
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Moein S, Alipourian A, Qujeq D, Malakoti F, Alemi F, Yousefi B, Khazaie S. Melatonin and inflammatory bowel disease: From basic mechanisms to clinical application. Biochimie 2022; 209:20-36. [PMID: 36535545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and has periods of recurrence and remission. Improper immune responses to gut flora bacteria, along with genetic susceptibility, appear to be involved in causing this complex disease. It seems dysbiosis and oxidative stress may also be involved in IBD pathogenesis. A significant number of clinical studies have shown an interesting association between sleep disturbances and IBD. Studies in animal models have also shown that sleep deprivation has a significant effect on the pathogenesis of IBD and can aggravate inflammation. These interesting findings have drawn attention to melatonin, a sleep-related hormone. Melatonin is mainly produced by the pineal gland, but many tissues in the body, including the intestines, can produce it. Melatonin can have an interesting effect on the pathogenesis of IBD. Melatonin can enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier, alter the composition of intestinal bacteria in favor of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, regulate the immune response, alleviate inflammation and attenuate oxidative stress. It seems that, melatonin supplementation is effective in relieving inflammation and healing intestinal ulcers in IBD animal models. Some clinical studies have also shown that melatonin supplementation as an adjuvant therapy may be helpful in reducing disease activity in IBD patients. In this review article, in addition to reviewing the effects of sleep disturbances and melatonin on key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, we will review the findings of clinical studies regarding the effects of melatonin supplementation on IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Alipourian
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Jin Q, Huo C, Yang W, Jin K, Cai S, Zheng Y, Huang B, Wei L, Zhang M, Han Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang X. Regulation of Tyrosinase Gene Expression by Retinoic Acid Pathway in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12840. [PMID: 36361629 PMCID: PMC9656583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in various biological processes in animals. RA signaling is mediated by two types of nuclear receptors, namely retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR), which regulate gene expression by binding to retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in the promoters of target genes. Here, we explored the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the Pacific oyster Crassostera gigas at the transcriptome level. A total of 586 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in C. gigas upon ATRA treatment, with 309 upregulated and 277 downregulated genes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that ATRA affects the development, metabolism, reproduction, and immunity of C. gigas. Four tyrosinase genes, including Tyr-6 (LOC105331209), Tyr-9 (LOC105346503), Tyr-20 (LOC105330910), and Tyr-12 (LOC105320007), were upregulated by ATRA according to the transcriptome data and these results were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. In addition, increased expression of Tyr (a melanin-related TYR gene in C. gigas) and Tyr-2 were detected after ATRA treatment. The yeast one-hybrid assay revealed the DNA-binding activity of the RA receptors CgRAR and CgRXR, and the interaction of CgRAR with RARE present in the Tyr-2 promoter. These results provide evidence for the further studies on the role of ATRA and the mechanism of RA receptors in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jin
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chuncao Huo
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Kaidi Jin
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shuai Cai
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai 265800, China
| | - Yanxin Zheng
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai 265800, China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yijing Han
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singla RK, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bungau S. Therapeutic insights elaborating the potential of retinoids in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976799. [PMID: 36091826 PMCID: PMC9453874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is perceived with various pathophysiological characteristics such oxidative stress, senile plaques, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmission immunological changes, neurodegenerative pathways, and age-linked alterations. A great deal of studies even now are carried out for comprehensive understanding of pathological processes of AD, though many agents are in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are pertinent to such attributes of the disease. Retinoids support the proper functioning of the immunological pathways, and are very potent immunomodulators. The nervous system relies heavily on retinoic acid signaling. The disruption of retinoid signaling relates to several pathogenic mechanisms in the normal brain. Retinoids play critical functions in the neuronal organization, differentiation, and axonal growth in the normal functioning of the brain. Disturbed retinoic acid signaling causes inflammatory responses, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Retinoids interfere with the production and release of neuroinflammatory chemokines and cytokines which are located to be activated in the pathogenesis of AD. Also, stimulating nuclear retinoid receptors reduces amyloid aggregation, lowers neurodegeneration, and thus restricts Alzheimer’s disease progression in preclinical studies. We outlined the physiology of retinoids in this review, focusing on their possible neuroprotective actions, which will aid in elucidating the critical function of such receptors in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Sytems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
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9
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Retinoic acid attenuates nuclear factor kappaB mediated induction of NLRP3 inflammasome. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:189-203. [PMID: 34415562 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter and a part of the cholinergic system, can modify immune responses. Expression of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in immune cells, including macrophages, leads to modulation of their function. Inflammasomes are part of the innate immune system and have been linked to a variety of inflammatory diseases. The NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1/IL-1 axis has emerged as a critical signaling pathway in inflammation process initiation. The role of ACh in modulating inflammasomes in macrophages remains relatively under-explored. METHODS The effect of AChR agonist carbachol on inflammasome expression was investigated using murine and human macrophages. Cell lysates were assessed by western blot for protein analysis. Immunofluorescence studies were used to study the translocation of p65. The experiments were conducted in the presence of NF-ĸB inhibitor, AChR antagonists, and retinoic acid (RA) to study the role of NF-ĸB, ACh receptors, and RA, respectively. RESULTS We found that carbachol increased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18). The treated cells also showed an increase in NF-ĸB activation. The effect of carbachol was diminished by NF-ĸB inhibitor and atropine, a mAChR antagonist. The addition of RA also significantly reduced the effect of carbachol on NLRP3 inflammasomes. CONCLUSIONS Our current study suggests that carbachol induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation through mAChR and NF-ĸB, and that RA abolishes the inflammatory response. It reveals the potentials of co-administration of RA with cholinergic drugs to prevent inflammatory responses during cholinergic medications.
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10
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Ocadiz-Delgado R, Serafin-Higuera N, Alvarez-Rios E, García-Villa E, Tinajero-Rodríguez M, Rodríguez-Uribe G, Escobar-Wilches DC, Estela Albino-Sánchez M, Ramírez-Rosas A, Sierra-Santoyo A, Hernández-Pando R, Lambert P, Gariglio P. Vitamin A deficiency in K14E7HPV expressing transgenic mice facilitates the formation of malignant cervical lesions. APMIS 2021; 129:512-523. [PMID: 34046932 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer (CC), but viral infection alone does not guarantee the development of this malignancy. Indeed, deficiencies of dietary micronutrients could favor cervical cancer development in individuals that harbor HR-HPV infections. The status of retinoid levels, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, is important in maintaining cellular differentiation of the cervical epithelium. Moreover, many studies show a link between deficient intake of retinoids or alteration of the retinoid receptors and CC development. In spite of this, the effect of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in presence of HR-HPV oncoproteins on cervical carcinogenesis in vivo has not been reported. Transgenic mice expressing E6 or E7 oncoproteins (K14E6 or K14E7 mice, respectively) were used to evaluate the possible role of VAD in the development of malignant cervical lesions. The survival of the mice in VAD condition was studied, and histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical detection of molecular cancer markers such as the tumor suppressor retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase 3, and the tumor suppressor protein p16INK4A (inhibitor of CDK4) were performed. Our results show that K14E6/VAD mice showed moderate cervical dysplasia; notably, K14E7/VAD mice developed severe cervical dysplasia and cervical in situ carcinoma at an early age. VAD synergizes with HPV16E7 oncoprotein expression favoring cervical carcinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Serafin-Higuera
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Alvarez-Rios
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique García-Villa
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Tinajero-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Genaro Rodríguez-Uribe
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Derly-Constanza Escobar-Wilches
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marta Estela Albino-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Ramírez-Rosas
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Sierra-Santoyo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Li B, Cai SY, Boyer JL. The role of the retinoid receptor, RAR/RXR heterodimer, in liver physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166085. [PMID: 33497820 PMCID: PMC11152086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Activated by retinoids, metabolites of vitamin A, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes, including embryo development, homeostasis, cell proliferation, differentiation and death. In this review, we summarized the functional roles of nuclear receptor RAR/RXR heterodimers in liver physiology. Specifically, RAR/RXR modulate the synthesis and metabolism of lipids and bile acids in hepatocytes, regulate cholesterol transport in macrophages, and repress fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells. We have also listed the specific genes that carry these functions and how RAR/RXR regulate their expression in liver cells, providing a mechanistic view of their roles in liver physiology. Meanwhile, we pointed out many questions regarding the detailed signaling of RAR/RXR in regulating the expression of liver genes, and hope future studies will address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Li
- Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| | - James L Boyer
- Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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12
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Kim BK, Song WJ, Seo B, Kim JY, Kim SH, Jang HC, Kim KW, Chang YS. Retinol-binding protein-4 was associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens in the elderly population. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:447-455. [PMID: 33045798 PMCID: PMC7969066 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent evidence suggests an association between allergic sensitization and metabolic markers. However, this association has rarely been examined in the elderly. Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) is a recently identified adipokine that acts on the muscle and liver affecting insulin sensitivity. We evaluated the association between metabolic parameters and allergic sensitization in the elderly. METHODS We analysed the database of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging cohort study conducted during 2005 to 2006. Atopy was identified by inhalant allergen skin prick test. Metabolic conditions were assessed using anthropometric indices and serum biomarkers such as fasting glucose, lipid, adiponectin, and RBP-4. RESULTS Among the 854 elderly subjects, 17.2% had atopy. Plasma RBP-4 levels were significantly higher in the atopic elderly than nonatopic elderly (p = 0.003). When RBP-4 percentiles were categorized as under three groups, the prevalence of atopy and current rhinitis increased significantly with percentiles of RBP-4 levels (p = 0.019 and p = 0.007, respectively). Log RBP-4 was associated with atopy (odds ratio [OR], 4.10; p = 0.009) and current rhinitis (OR, 2.73; p = 0.014), but not with current asthma (OR, 1.17; p = 0.824). Higher RBP-4 level in atopic elderly was also observed in current rhinitis patients. Atopy, but not current rhinitis, showed significant relationships with log RBP-4 levels in multivariate analyses adjusted for other metabolic markers including body mass index. CONCLUSION RBP-4 positively associated with atopy in the general elderly population irrespective of other metabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bomi Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak C. Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Yoon-Seok Chang, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7023, Fax: +82-31-787-4052, E-mail:
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Elshal M, Abu-Elsaad N, El-Karef A, Ibrahim T. Retinoic acid modulates IL-4, IL-10 and MCP-1 pathways in immune mediated hepatitis and interrupts CD4+ T cells infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105808. [PMID: 31419710 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immune mediated liver injury includes activation of different immune pathways that requires various modalities to control their consequences. The current study involves evaluation of retinoic acid (RA) modulatory effects on immune responses induced in concanavalin A (ConA) model of acute hepatitis. MAIN METHODS Mice were divided as follows: Control group; RA group: received 35 mg/kg RA; ConA group: received 15 mg/kg ConA; ConA + RA group: received ConA and RA as described. Liver function biomarkers were measured in addition to malondialdehyde as lipid peroxidation biomarker. Liver tissue sections were scored for necro-inflammation, neutrophils infiltration, CD4+ T cells infiltration and NF-κb positive cells. Effect on hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 and MCP-1 was evaluated as well. KEY FINDINGS Injection of RA before ConA significantly (p < 0.001) decreased ALT, AST and LDH levels compared to their levels in ConA group. Hepatic infiltration of neutrophils and CD4+ T cells was markedly (p < 0.001) reduced by RA. Hepatic injury, necrosis and expression of NF-κb were significantly decreased by RA when injected before ConA challenge. A significant decrease in the measured cytokines TNF-α and IL-4 was observed in ConA + RA group in addition to a decrease in MCP-1 level. On the other hand, IL-10 was significantly increased in the latter group compared to ConA group. SIGNIFICANCE RA can protect against ConA-induced hepatitis through: interrupting early inflammatory response as neutrophils, monocytes and CD4+ T cells infiltration, modulating IL-4 level and subsequent production of TNF-α and NF-κb activation, mitigating second inflammatory responses through increasing IL-10 liver production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elshal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Abu-Elsaad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Karef
- Pathology Dep. Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Nunes ACDF, Piuvezam G. Nutritional supplementation of vitamin A and health-related outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16043. [PMID: 31232938 PMCID: PMC6636979 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune mediated disease which affects the central nervous system (CNS), having a substantial financial, functional, and quality of life (QOL) impact on these people. The vitamin A supplementation has been studied as a therapeutic possibility for in MS. Therefore, the objective of this protocol is to build an outline for a future systematic review, which will provide up-to-date available evidence about the clinical impact of nutritional supplementation of vitamin A in the outcomes related to the symptoms in patients with this pathology. METHODS The search will be performed in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, cinahl, Scielo, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Science Direct, randomized clinical trials published until May 2019 that evaluate the relationship of the supplementation of vitamin A and health-related outcomes in patients with MS will be included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) will be used to outline the protocol, and PRISMA to the systematic review. Undergraduate handbook of quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for decision making in health (GRADE) will be used to assess the quality of evidence and the strength of the recommendation, and the JADAD scale to assess the internal validity of selected studies. For the extraction of all the data found a database in Microsoft Excel will be created. For the summary of the findings the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook recommendations will be used, and for the meta-analysis standard statistical techniques the RevMan software will be used. RESULTS In this study, we hope to find a considerable number of articles presenting evidence about the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in patients with MS. CONCLUSION Currently, many lines of evidence have been produced when it comes to the use of food supplements. This systematic review proposal might provide recent, important, and trusted information for better treatment of patients. RECORD OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEW This review was recorded in the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on the January 30, 2019 (registration: CRD42019121757). Available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019121757.
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Inverse association between serum antioxidant levels and inflammatory markers is moderated by adiposity: a report based on a large representative population sample of American adults. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1272-1278. [PMID: 30378506 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between plasma antioxidant levels and markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FG) in US adults. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants examined between 2001 and 2002 were included, if data on CRP or FG levels. Serum vitamins A and E, two retinyl esters, and six carotenoids were measured using HPLC with photodiode array detection. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights. A total of 784 eligible participants were included; 47·5 % (n 372) were men. In multivariable linear regression models, serum α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, combined lutein/zeaxanthin, trans-lycopene, retinyl palmitate, α-tocopherol, retinol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were negatively associated with serum CRP (P3 mg/l, decreased with increasing levels of antioxidants (α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, vitamins A and E). Furthermore, we found a moderate impact of adiposity on the link between antioxidants and CRP. Our results suggest that the lower the antioxidants levels, the higher the inflammatory burden, based on CRP and FG levels. Adiposity moderately affects this association. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between CVD risk and antioxidant levels was observed. This finding suggests that reduced levels of vitamins with antioxidant properties may predispose to increased CVD risk.
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Phytochemicals inhibit the immunosuppressive functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): Impact on cancer and age-related chronic inflammatory disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:231-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cury SS, Oliveira M, Síbio MT, Clara S, Luvizotto RDAM, Conde S, Jorge EN, Nunes VDS, Nogueira CR, Mazeto GMFDS. Graves' ophthalmopathy: low-dose dexamethasone reduces retinoic acid receptor-alpha gene expression in orbital fibroblasts. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:366-369. [PMID: 29791662 PMCID: PMC10118777 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that leads to ocular proptosis caused by fat accumulation and inflammation, and the main treatment is corticosteroid therapy. Retinoid acid receptor-alpha (RARα) seems to be associated with inflammation and adipocyte differentiation. This study aimed to assess the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on orbital fibroblasts of GO patient treated or not with different glucocorticoid doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orbital fibroblasts collected during orbital decompression of a female patient with moderately severe/severe GO were cultivated and treated with 10 nM and 100 nM dexamethasone (Dex). rRARα gene expression in the treated and untreated cells was then compared. RESULTS Fibroblast RARα expression was not affected by 100 nM Dex. On the other hand, RARα expression was 24% lower in cells treated with 10 nM Dex (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Orbital fibroblasts from a GO patient expressed the RARα gene, which was unaffected by higher, but decreased with lower doses of glucocorticoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Miriane Oliveira
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Teresa Síbio
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Sueli Clara
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Renata De Azevedo Melo Luvizotto
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Sandro Conde
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de São Paulo (IFSP), São Roque, SP, Brasil
| | - Edson Nacib Jorge
- Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Vania Dos Santos Nunes
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Gláucia Maria Ferreira da Silva Mazeto
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Abstract
The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.
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Roussel AM. Déficits en micronutriments dans le surpoids et l’obésité : conséquences métaboliques et cliniques. NUTR CLIN METAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Soh AZ, Chee CBE, Wang YT, Yuan JM, Koh WP. Dietary Intake of Antioxidant Vitamins and Carotenoids and Risk of Developing Active Tuberculosis in a Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:491-500. [PMID: 28520939 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants may protect against oxidative stress, which is associated with tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, direct evidence for a protective association between dietary antioxidants and TB incidence in humans has been lacking. The relationship between intake of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, C, D, and E) and individual carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein) and TB incidence was examined in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 63,257 adults aged 45-74 years enrolled during 1993-1998. Baseline intake of these antioxidants was estimated using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire including questions on use of dietary supplements. After an average of 16.9 years of follow-up, 1,186 incident active TB cases were identified among cohort participants. Compared with the lowest quartile, reduced risk of active TB was observed for the highest quartile of vitamin A intake (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.59, 0.85; P-trend < 0.01) and β-carotene intake (hazard ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.63, 0.91; P-trend < 0.01), regardless of smoking status. Lower TB risk was seen for vitamin C intake among current smokers only. Other vitamins and carotenoids were not associated with TB risk. These results suggest that vitamin C may reduce TB risk among current smokers by ameliorating oxidative stress, while vitamin A and β-carotene may have additional antimycobacterial properties.
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Hashimoto-Hill S, Friesen L, Kim M, Kim CH. Contraction of intestinal effector T cells by retinoic acid-induced purinergic receptor P2X7. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:912-923. [PMID: 27966552 PMCID: PMC5471139 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal environment harbors a large number of activated T cells, which are potentially inflammatory. To prevent inflammatory responses, intestinal T cells are controlled by various tolerogenic mechanisms, including T-cell apoptosis. We investigated the expression mechanism and function of the purinergic receptor P2X7 in contraction of intestinal CD4+ effector T cells. We found that P2X7 upregulation on CD4+ effector T cells is induced by retinoic acid through retinoic acid receptor α binding to an intragenic enhancer region of the P2rx7 gene. P2X7 is highly expressed by most intestinal αβ and γδ T cells, including T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells. The intestinal effector T cells are effectively deleted by P2X7 activation-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, P2X7 activation suppressed T-cell-induced colitis in Rag1-/- mice. The data from vitamin A-deficient and P2rx7-/- mice indicate that the retinoic acid-P2X7 pathway is important in preventing aberrant buildup of activated T cells. We conclude that retinoic acid controls intestinal effector T-cell populations by inducing P2X7 expression. These findings have important ramifications in preventing inflammatory diseases in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hashimoto-Hill
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - L. Friesen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - M. Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - C. H. Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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22
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Abstract
The intestinal tract provides ideal niches for several different microbial species, which are collectively called the gut microbiota. A key host immune effector that controls the microbiota and prevents mucosal infection is IgA. Gut microbiota-derived factors are largely classified into molecular pattern recognition receptor ligands and nutrient-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids and adenosine triphosphate. Along with host-derived factors such as retinoic acid, various cytokines and cytokine-like molecules, gut microbial products profoundly shape B cell responses. Gut microbial products can directly regulate B cell activation and differentiation. They can also indirectly affect B cells through epithelial cells, T cells, and myeloid cell subsets. We highlight the various direct and indirect mechanisms by which microbial products regulate humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghoo Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chang H. Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,CONTACT Chang H. Kim VPTH 126, 725 Harrison Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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23
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All-trans-retinoic acid represses chemokine expression in adipocytes and adipose tissue by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:101-107. [PMID: 28157617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An effect of the Vitamin A metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on body weight regulation and adiposity has been described, but little is known about its impact on obesity-associated inflammation. Our objective was to evaluate the overall impact of this metabolite on inflammatory response in human and mouse adipocytes, using high-throughput methods, and to confirm its effects in a mouse model. ATRA (2 μM for 24 h) down-regulated the mRNA expression of 17 chemokines in human adipocytes, and limited macrophage migration in a TNFα-conditioned 3 T3-L1 adipocyte medium (73.7%, P<.05). These effects were confirmed in mice (n=6-9 per group) subjected to oral gavage of ATRA (5 mg/kg of body weight) and subsequently injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide. In this model, both systemic and adipose levels of inflammatory markers were reduced. The antiinflammatory effect of ATRA was associated with a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of IκB and p65 (~50%, P<.05), two subunits of the NF-κB pathway, probably mediated by PGC1α, in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, these results show a significant overall antiinflammatory effect of ATRA on proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in adipocyte and adipose tissue and suggest that ATRA supplementation may represent a strategy of preventive nutrition to fight against obesity and its complications.
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24
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Grażyna C, Hanna C, Adam A, Magdalena BM. Natural antioxidants in milk and dairy products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cichosz Grażyna
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Czeczot Hanna
- Department of Biochemistry; I Faculty of Medicine; Medical University of Warsaw; ul. Banacha 1 02-097 Warszawa Poland
| | - Ambroziak Adam
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Bielecka Marika Magdalena
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
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25
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Bissonnette N, Jiang X, Matte J, Guay F, Talbot G, Bontempo V, Gong J, Wang Q, Lessard M. Effect of a post-weaning diet supplemented with functional feed additives on ileal transcriptome activity and serum cytokines in piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 182:136-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Mohammadzadeh Honarvar N, Saedisomeolia A, Abdolahi M, Shayeganrad A, Taheri Sangsari G, Hassanzadeh Rad B, Muench G. Molecular Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Retinoids and Carotenoids in Alzheimer's Disease: a Review of Current Evidence. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:289-304. [PMID: 27864661 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive loss of mental function and ability to learn. AD is a multifactorial disorder. Various hypotheses are suggested for the pathophysiology of AD including "Aβ hypothesis," "tau hypothesis," and "cholinergic hypothesis." Recently, it has been demonstrated that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation causes synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death within the brain. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators induces Aβ peptide production/accumulation and hyperphosphorylated tau generating inflammatory molecules and cytokines. These inflammatory molecules disrupt blood-brain barrier integrity and increase the production of Aβ42 oligomers. Retinoids and carotenoids are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents having neuroprotective properties. They are able to prevent disease progression through several mechanisms such as suppression of Aβ peptide production/accumulation, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory mediator's secretion as well as improvement of cognitive performance. These observations, therefore, confirm the neuroprotective role of retinoids and carotenoids through multiple pathways. Therefore, the administration of these nutrients is considered as a promising approach to the prevention and/or treatment of AD in the future. The aim of this review is to present existing evidences regarding the beneficial effects of retinoids and carotenoids on AD's risk and outcomes, seeking the mechanism of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia. .,School of Molecular Bioscience, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mina Abdolahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shayeganrad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Gerald Muench
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
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Albino-Sanchez ME, Vazquez-Hernandez J, Ocadiz-Delgado R, Serafin-Higuera N, León-Galicia I, Garcia-Villa E, Hernandez-Pando R, Gariglio P. Decreased RARβ expression induces abundant inflammation and cervical precancerous lesions. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:40-52. [PMID: 27207583 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that vitamin A and its receptors protect against cancer development and that Retinoid Acid Receptor β (RARβ) is epigenetically silenced during tumoral progression. Cervical Cancer (CC) has been causally linked to high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. However, host factors are important in determining the outcome of persistent HR-HPV infection as most cervical precancerous lesions containing HR-HPVs do not progress to invasive carcinomas. Increasing evidence suggests that low diet in vitamin A and their receptors participate in the development of CC. The aim of this study has been to investigate the effects of abated RARβ expression in the development of cervical premalignant lesions in 4 month-old conditional mice (RARβ(L-/L-)). Results demonstrated the development of spontaneous squamous metaplasia, inflammatory infiltrate, enhanced mitotic activity, loss of cell differentiation, as well as decreased apoptosis and p16(INK4a) protein levels in RARβ(L-/L-) mice cervix. All these changes are hallmarks of moderate dysplasia. Importantly, our results suggest that the low expression of RARβ, may induce the down regulation of p16(INK4a), chronic inflammation and decreased apoptosis and may be involved in vulnerability to HR-HPV and early stage cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Albino-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México, DF, México
| | - J Vazquez-Hernandez
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México, DF, México
| | - R Ocadiz-Delgado
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México, DF, México
| | - N Serafin-Higuera
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México, DF, México
| | - I León-Galicia
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México, DF, México
| | - E Garcia-Villa
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México, DF, México
| | - R Hernandez-Pando
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14000 México, DF, México
| | - P Gariglio
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México, DF, México.
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28
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Kim CH, Hashimoto-Hill S, Kim M. Migration and Tissue Tropism of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Trends Immunol 2015; 37:68-79. [PMID: 26708278 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cell (ILCs) subsets differentially populate various barrier and non-barrier tissues, where they play important roles in tissue homeostasis and tissue-specific responses to pathogen attack. Recent findings have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms that guide ILC migration into peripheral tissues, revealing common features among different ILC subsets as well as important distinctions. Recent studies have also highlighted the impact of tissue-specific cues on ILC migration, and the importance of the local immunological milieu. We review these findings here and discuss how the migratory patterns and tissue tropism of different ILC subsets relate to the development and differentiation of these cells, and to ILC-mediated tissue-specific regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In this context we outline open questions and important areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang H Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Seika Hashimoto-Hill
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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29
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Abboud JLM, Koppel IA, Uggerud E, Leito I, Koppel I, Sekiguchi O, Kaupmees K, Saame J, Kütt K, Mishima M. Solution and gas-phase acidities of all-trans (all-E) retinoic acid: an experimental and computational study. Chemistry 2015; 21:11238-43. [PMID: 26186282 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid is of fundamental biological importance. Its acidity was determined in the gas phase and in acetonitrile solution by means of mass spectrometry and UV/Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The intrinsic acidity is slightly higher than that of benzoic acid. In solution, the situation is opposite. The experimental systems were described theoretically applying quantum chemical methods (wave function theory and density functional theory). This allowed the determination of the molecular structure of the acid and its conjugate base, both in vacuo and in solution, and for computational estimates of its acidity in both phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis M Abboud
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 92-642-2715.
| | - Ilmar A Koppel
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu (Estonia), Fax: (+372) 7-375264.
| | - Einar Uggerud
- Mass Spectrometric Laboratory and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.B. 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo (Norway), Fax: (+47) 22855441.
| | - Ivo Leito
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu (Estonia), Fax: (+372) 7-375264.
| | - Ivar Koppel
- Institute of Computer Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu (Estonia), Fax: (+372) 7-375468.
| | - Osamu Sekiguchi
- Mass Spectrometric Laboratory and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.B. 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo (Norway), Fax: (+47) 22855441
| | - Karl Kaupmees
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu (Estonia), Fax: (+372) 7-375264
| | - Jaan Saame
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu (Estonia), Fax: (+372) 7-375264
| | - Karl Kütt
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu (Estonia), Fax: (+372) 7-375264
| | - Masaaki Mishima
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 92-642-2715.
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30
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Tanik N, Celikbilek A, Metin A, Gocmen AY, Inan LE. Retinol-binding protein-4 and hs-CRP levels in patients with migraine. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:1823-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Yin S, Luo J, Qian A, Yu W, Hu H. LE135, a retinoid acid receptor antagonist, produces pain through direct activation of TRP channels. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1510-20. [PMID: 24308840 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Retinoids, through their activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors, regulate diverse cellular processes, and pharmacological intervention in their actions has been successful in the treatment of skin disorders and cancers. Despite the many beneficial effects, administration of retinoids causes irritating side effects with unknown mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that LE135 [4-(7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5,7,7,10,10-pentamethyl-5H-benzo[e]naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]diazepin-13-yl)benzoic acid], a selective antagonist of RARβ , is a potent activator of the capsaicin (TRPV1) and wasabi (TRPA1) receptors, two critical pain-initiating cation channels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed to investigate the excitatory effects of LE135 on TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels expressed in HEK293T cells and in dorsal root ganglia neurons with calcium imaging and patch-clamp recordings. We also used site-directed mutagenesis of the channels to determine the structural basis of LE135-induced activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels and behavioural testing to examine if pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of the channels affected LE135-evoked pain-related behaviours. KEY RESULTS LE135 activated both the capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) and the allyl isothiocyanate receptor (TRPA1) heterologously expressed in HEK293T cells and endogenously expressed by sensory nociceptors. Mutations disrupting the capsaicin-binding site attenuated LE135 activation of TRPV1 channels and a single mutation (K170R) eliminated TRPA1 activity evoked by LE135. Intraplantar injection of LE135 evoked pain-related behaviours. Both TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels were involved in LE135-elicited pain-related responses, as shown by pharmacological and genetic ablation studies. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This blocker of retinoid acid signalling also exerted non-genomic effects through activating the pain-initiating TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Yin
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Chang HK, Hou WS. Retinoic acid modulates interferon-γ production by hepatic natural killer T cells via phosphatase 2A and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 35:200-12. [PMID: 25343668 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite converted from vitamin A, plays an active role in immune function, such as defending against infections and immune regulation. Although RA affects various types of immune cells, including antigen-presenting cells, B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes, whether it affects natural killer T (NKT) cells remain unknown. In this study, we found that RA decreased interferon (IFN)-γ production by activated NKT cells through T-cell receptor (TCR) and CD28. We also found that RA reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, but increased phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity in TCR/CD28-stimulated NKT cells. The increased PP2A activity, at least partly, contributed to the reduction of ERK phosphorylation. Since inhibition of ERK activation decreases IFN-γ production by TCR/CD28-stimulated NKT cells, RA may downregulate IFN-γ production by TCR/CD28-stimulated NKT cells through the PP2A-ERK pathway. Our results demonstrated a novel function of RA in modulating the IFN-γ expression by activated NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Kwei Chang
- 1 Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Increasing serum levels of vitamin A, D and E are associated with alterations of different inflammation markers in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 271:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient with important roles in immunological responses and in brain development. Its main metabolite is retinoic acid (RA), which is responsible for the neuroimmunological functions related to vitamin A. In the brain, RA is known to have interactions with other nuclear receptor-mediated signalling pathways. RA is involved in plasticity, regeneration, cognition and behaviour. In the peripheral blood, RA plays a major role both in increasing tolerance and in decreasing inflammation, through balancing T-lymphocyte populations. It is likely that RA synthesis may be manipulated by complex cross-talk among cells during infection and inflammation. The role of vitamin A in multiple sclerosis (MS) could be dual: at the same time as it decreases inflammation and increases tolerance of autoimmunity, it may also help in brain protection. The present review discusses the beneficial effects that vitamin A might have for controlling MS, although it must be clearly stated that, at the present time, there is no clear indication for using vitamin A as a treatment for MS. However, the results from the present review should encourage clinical trials with vitamin supplementation as a potential treatment or as an add-on option. Vitamin A acts in synergy with vitamin D, and the immunological homeostasis ensured by these vitamins should not be unbalanced in favour of only one of them.
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35
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Do JS, Visperas A, Freeman ML, Iwakura Y, Oukka M, Min B. Colitogenic effector T cells: roles of gut-homing integrin, gut antigen specificity and γδ T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:90-8. [PMID: 24189163 PMCID: PMC3947309 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance of T cell homeostasis could lead to intestinal inflammation. Naïve CD4 T cells undergoing spontaneous proliferation, a robust proliferative response that occurs under severe lymphopenic conditions, differentiate into effector cells producing Th1 and/or Th17 type cytokines and induce a chronic inflammation in the intestine that resembles human inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we investigated key properties of CD4 T cells necessary to induce experimental colitis. α4β7 upregulation was primarily induced by mLN resident CD11b+ dendritic cell subsets via TGFβ/retinoic acid-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, α4β7 expression was essential but not sufficient to induce inflammation. In addition to gut homing specificity, expression of gut Ag specificity was also crucial. T cell acquisition of the specificity was dramatically enhanced by the presence of γδ T cells, a population previously shown to exacerbate T cell mediated colitis. Importantly, IL-23-mediated γδ T cell stimulation was necessary to enhance colitogenicity but not gut antigen reactivity of proliferating CD4 T cells. These findings demonstrate that T cell colitogenicity is achieved through multiple processes, offering a therapeutic rationale by intervening these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Do
- Department of Immunology/NB30, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anabelle Visperas
- 1] Department of Immunology/NB30, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Immunology/NB30, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Oukka
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Booki Min
- 1] Department of Immunology/NB30, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Torkildsen Ø, Løken-Amsrud KI, Wergeland S, Myhr KM, Holmøy T. Fat-soluble vitamins as disease modulators in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2013. [PMID: 23190287 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) have properties that could be relevant as modulators of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We performed a systematic search on PubMed and Medline up to May 2012, using the search strings 'vitamin A', 'retinol', 'retinal', 'carotenoids', 'vitamin D', 'vitamin E', 'alpha-tocopherol', 'vitamin K' in conjunction with 'multiple sclerosis', 'animal model' and 'experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE)'. In addition, the reference lists of the publications identified were examined for further citations of relevance. RESULTS There is comprehensive evidence from epidemiological, observational, and experimental studies that vitamin D may be beneficial in MS. Results from small-scale clinical studies are inconclusive, and large-scale, adequately powered, randomized, controlled trials are still lacking. For vitamin D, Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level 2c evidence exists for a positive therapeutic effect. Evidence from animal models indicates that all the examined fat-soluble vitamins could have potential as modulators of disease activity in MS. For vitamin A and E, level 4 and 5 evidence exists for a modulatory effect in MS; for vitamin K, too few studies have been conducted to indicate an effect in humans. CONCLUSION Vitamin D is a promising candidate as modulator of disease activity in MS, and controlled studies are currently being conducted. All the fat-soluble vitamins have, however, been demonstrated to be effective in different animal models for the disease, and vitamin A and E have biological properties that could be relevant for MS pathogenesis. Thus, vitamin A and E seem to be promising candidates for future case-control and cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ø Torkildsen
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Meyers KJ, Johnson EJ, Bernstein PS, Iyengar SK, Engelman CD, Karki CK, Liu Z, Igo RP, Truitt B, Klein ML, Snodderly DM, Blodi BA, Gehrs KM, Sarto GE, Wallace RB, Robinson J, LeBlanc ES, Hageman G, Tinker L, Mares JA. Genetic determinants of macular pigments in women of the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:2333-45. [PMID: 23404124 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate genetic determinants of macular pigment optical density in women from the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS), an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. METHODS 1585 of 2005 CAREDS participants had macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measured noninvasively using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry and blood samples genotyped for 440 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 candidate genes related to absorption, transport, binding, and cleavage of carotenoids directly, or via lipid transport. SNPs were individually tested for associations with MPOD using least-squares linear regression. RESULTS Twenty-one SNPs from 11 genes were associated with MPOD (P ≤ 0.05) after adjusting for dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin. This includes variants in or near genes related to zeaxanthin binding in the macula (GSTP1), carotenoid cleavage (BCMO1), cholesterol transport or uptake (SCARB1, ABCA1, ABCG5, and LIPC), long-chain omega-3 fatty acid status (ELOVL2, FADS1, and FADS2), and various maculopathies (ALDH3A2 and RPE65). The strongest association was for rs11645428 near BCMO1 (βA = 0.029, P = 2.2 × 10(-4)). Conditional modeling within genes and further adjustment for other predictors of MPOD, including waist circumference, diabetes, and dietary intake of fiber, resulted in 13 SNPs from 10 genes maintaining independent association with MPOD. Variation in these single gene polymorphisms accounted for 5% of the variability in MPOD (P = 3.5 × 10(-11)). CONCLUSIONS Our results support that MPOD is a multi-factorial phenotype associated with variation in genes related to carotenoid transport, uptake, and metabolism, independent of known dietary and health influences on MPOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Meyers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
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Chang J, Thangamani S, Kim MH, Ulrich B, Morris SM, Kim CH. Retinoic acid promotes the development of Arg1-expressing dendritic cells for the regulation of T-cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:967-78. [PMID: 23322377 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Arginase I (Arg1), an enzyme expressed by many cell types including myeloid cells, can regulate immune responses. Expression of Arg1 in myeloid cells is regulated by a number of cytokines and tissue factors that influence cell development and activation. Retinoic acid, produced from vitamin A, regulates the homing and differentiation of lymphocytes and plays important roles in the regulation of immunity and immune tolerance. We report here that optimal expression of Arg1 in DCs requires retinoic acid. Induction of Arg1 by retinoic acid is directly mediated by retinoic acid-responsive elements in the 5' noncoding region of the Arg1 gene. Arg1, produced by DCs in response to retinoic acid, promotes the generation of FoxP3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. Importantly, blocking the retinoic acid receptor makes DCs hypo-responsive to known inducers of Arg1 such as IL-4 and GM-CSF in Arg1 expression. We found that intestinal CD103(+) DCs that are known to produce retinoic acid highly express Arg1. Our results establish retinoic acid as a key signal in expression of Arg1 in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsam Chang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Huang GN, Thatcher JE, McAnally J, Kong Y, Qi X, Tan W, DiMaio JM, Amatruda JF, Gerard RD, Hill JA, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. C/EBP transcription factors mediate epicardial activation during heart development and injury. Science 2012; 338:1599-603. [PMID: 23160954 PMCID: PMC3613149 DOI: 10.1126/science.1229765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The epicardium encapsulates the heart and functions as a source of multipotent progenitor cells and paracrine factors essential for cardiac development and repair. Injury of the adult heart results in reactivation of a developmental gene program in the epicardium, but the transcriptional basis of epicardial gene expression has not been delineated. We established a mouse embryonic heart organ culture and gene expression system that facilitated the identification of epicardial enhancers activated during heart development and injury. Epicardial activation of these enhancers depends on a combinatorial transcriptional code centered on CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) transcription factors. Disruption of C/EBP signaling in the adult epicardium reduced injury-induced neutrophil infiltration and improved cardiac function. These findings reveal a transcriptional basis for epicardial activation and heart injury, providing a platform for enhancing cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo N. Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Thatcher
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yongli Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Qi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - J. Michael DiMaio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - James F. Amatruda
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robert D. Gerard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Abstract
Lipophilic micronutrients (LM) constitute a large family of molecules including several vitamins (A, D, E, K) and carotenoids. Their ability to regulate gene expression is becoming increasingly clear and constitutes an important part of nutrigenomics. Interestingly, adipose tissue is not only a main storage site for these molecules within the body, but it is also subjected to the regulatory effects of LM. Indeed, several gene regulations have been described in adipose tissue that could strongly impact its biology with respect to the modulation of adipogenesis, inflammatory status, or energy homeostasis and metabolism, among others. The repercussions in terms of health effects of such regulations in the context of obesity and associated pathologies represent an exciting and emerging field of research. The present review will focus on the regulatory effects of vitamin A, D, E and K as well as carotenoids on adipose tissue biology and physiology, notably in the context of obesity and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Landrier
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +33-491-294-117; Fax: +33-491-078-2101
| | - Julie Marcotorchino
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
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Løken-Amsrud KI, Myhr KM, Bakke SJ, Beiske AG, Bjerve KS, Bjørnarå BT, Hovdal H, Lilleås F, Midgard R, Pedersen T, Benth JS, Torkildsen Ø, Wergeland S, Holmøy T. Retinol levels are associated with magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2012; 19:451-7. [PMID: 22907941 DOI: 10.1177/1352458512457843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A has immunomodulatory properties and may regulate the transcription of genes involved in remyelination. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between retinol and disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Cohort study of 88 relapsing-remitting MS patients, originally included in a randomised placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids in MS (the OFAMS study), followed prospectively for 24 months with repeated assessments of serum-retinol and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients were initiated on interferon β-1a after month 6. RESULTS Each 1 µmol/L increase in serum-retinol reduced the odds (95% confidence interval) for new T1 gadolinium enhanced (Gd(+)) lesions by 49 (8-70)%, new T2 lesions by 42 (2-66)%, and combined unique activity (CUA) by 46 (3-68)% in simultaneous MRI scans, and 63 (25-82)% for new T1Gd(+) lesions, 49 (3-73)% for new T2 lesions and 43 (12-71)% for CUA the subsequent month. Serum-retinol also predicted new T1Gd(+) and T2 lesions six months ahead. The associations were not affected by HLA-DRB1*15, or serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid. CONCLUSION Serum retinol is inversely associated with simultaneous and subsequent MRI outcomes in RRMS.
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Serafin-Higuera N, Hernandez-Sanchez J, Ocadiz-Delgado R, Vazquez-Hernandez J, Albino-Sanchez ME, Hernandez-Pando R, Gariglio P. Retinoic acid receptor β deficiency reduces splenic dendritic cell population in a conditional mouse line. Immunol Lett 2012; 146:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Graugnard D, Bionaz M, Trevisi E, Moyes K, Salak-Johnson J, Wallace R, Drackley J, Bertoni G, Loor J. Blood immunometabolic indices and polymorphonuclear neutrophil function in peripartum dairy cows are altered by level of dietary energy prepartum. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1749-58. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wieser F, Wu J, Shen Z, Taylor RN, Sidell N. Retinoic acid suppresses growth of lesions, inhibits peritoneal cytokine secretion, and promotes macrophage differentiation in an immunocompetent mouse model of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:1430-7. [PMID: 22464761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) on establishment and growth of endometrial lesions, peritoneal interleukin-6 (IL-6) and macrophage chemotactic factor-1 (MCP-1) concentrations, and CD38, CD11b, and F4/80 expression on peritoneal macrophages in an immunocompetent mouse model of endometriosis. DESIGN Experimental transplantation study using mice. SETTING Academic medical center. ANIMAL(S) C57BL/6 recipient mice and syngeneic green fluorescent protein transgenic (GFP+) mice. INTERVENTION(S) Recipient mice were inoculated with GFP+ minced uterine tissue to induce endometriosis and treated with RA (400 nmol/day) or vehicle for 17 days (3 days before to 14 days after tissue injection). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Total number of GFP+ implants in recipient mice, number of implants showing visible blood vessels, total volume of established lesions per mouse, concentrations of IL-6 and MCP-1 in peritoneal fluid, and expression of CD11b, F4/80, and CD38 on peritoneal macrophages. RESULT(S) Retinoic acid treatment for 17 days reduced the number of implants versus controls and decreased the frequency of lesions with vessels. Peritoneal washings in RA-treated animals had lower concentrations of IL-6 and MCP-1 than controls 3 days after endometrial inoculation and lower levels of IL-6 on day 14 after inoculation. Concomitant with these effects on day 14, CD38, CD11b, and F4/80 were higher on macrophages from RA-treated mice versus controls. CONCLUSION(S) The development of endometriotic implants is inhibited by RA. This effect may be caused, at least in part, by reduced IL-6 and MCP-1 production and enhanced differentiation of peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Wieser
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Abstract
Obesity has been associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and with micronutrient deficiencies. Obese individuals have been found to have lower vitamin A levels and lower vitamin A intake compared with normal-weight individuals. Vitamin A plays a major role in the immune function, including innate immunity, cell-mediated immunity and humoral antibody immunity. It has also been recognised recently that vitamin A has important regulatory functions. Vitamin A status has an important effect on the chronic inflammatory response. Vitamin A deficiency increases a T-helper type 1 (Th1) response, elevates levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increases the expression of leptin, resistin and uncoupling proteins (UCP) and promotes adipogenesis. The effect of vitamin A deficiency on obesity might be increasing the risk of fat deposition and also the risk of chronic inflammation associated with obesity. Supplementation with vitamin A in vitro and in animal models has been found to reduce concentrations of adipocytokines, such as leptin and resistin. In conclusion, vitamin A deficiency increases a Th1 response in the presence of obesity and thus, increases the inflammatory process involved in chronic inflammation and fat deposition. The metabolism of leptin and other adipocytokines may play a critical role in the effect of vitamin A deficiency in the inflammatory response observed in obesity.
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Kume H, Okazaki K, Yamaji T, Sasaki H. A newly designed enteral formula containing whey peptides and fermented milk product protects mice against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by suppressing overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. Clin Nutr 2011; 31:283-9. [PMID: 22119211 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We previously reported that whey protein derived from cow milk suppressed inflammation in a variety of animal models. We developed a newly designed enteral formula using peptides prepared from whey protein and fermented milk product and investigated its ability to suppress inflammation in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard formula, AIN-93M, or enteral formula for 14 days, and then were intravenously administered concanavalin A. Inflammatory cytokines in plasma, liver, and spleen and markers of hepatic function in plasma were assessed at various time points. Livers were assessed for necrosis and apoptosis. RESULTS After concanavalin A treatment, plasma aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransferase, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels were significantly lower in mice fed enteral formula than in those fed standard formula or AIN-93M. Liver TNF-α and IFN-γ, and spleen IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were lower in enteral formula-fed mice than in standard formula-fed mice 2 h after concanavalin A treatment. Necrosis and apoptosis were suppressed in the livers of enteral formula-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS The new enteral formula is a potent novel immune-modulating diet that prevents aggravation of local inflammation by modulating systemic cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisae Kume
- Nutrition Research Dept., Food Science Research Labs, Meiji Co Ltd, 540 Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan.
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