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Li T, Jia Y, Fu J, Fu Z, Qiao Z, Liu X, Lv T, Tang R, Yang G. P53-induced GAP-43 Upregulation in Primary Cortical Neurons of Rats. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:229-235. [PMID: 38288820 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665263864231221071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we employed an in vitro culturing technique to investigate the impact of p53 on the modulation of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) within the primary cortical neurons of rat specimens. METHODS (1) Within the first 24 hours after birth, the bilateral cortex was extracted from newborn Wistar rats and primary cortical neurons were cultured and identified. (2) The changes in the mRNA and protein expressions of GAP-43 induced by p53 in rat primary cortical neurons cultured in vitro were identified utilizing real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot techniques. RESULTS (1) Lentiviral transfection of p53 within primary cortical neurons of rats elicited elevated levels of both mRNA and protein expressions of GAP-43, consequently culminating in a noteworthy augmentation of p53 expression. (2) The introduction of a p53 inhibitor in rat primary cortical neurons resulted in a reduction in both mRNA and protein expressions of GAP-43. CONCLUSION Within primary rat cortical neurons, p53 has the potential to prompt an augmentation in both the transcriptional and protein expression levels of the GAP-43 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yuexin Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Junxian Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Zhuo Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Zhidong Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Ting Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Guanglu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
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2
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Lazo PA, Morejón-García P. VRK1 variants at the cross road of Cajal body neuropathogenic mechanisms in distal neuropathies and motor neuron diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 183:106172. [PMID: 37257665 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Distal hereditary neuropathies and neuro motor diseases are complex neurological phenotypes associated with pathogenic variants in a large number of genes, but in some the origin is unknown. Recently, rare pathogenic variants of the human VRK1 gene have been associated with these neurological phenotypes. All VRK1 pathogenic variants are recessive, and their clinical presentation occurs in either homozygous or compound heterozygous patients. The pathogenic VRK1 gene pathogenic variants are located in three clusters within the protein sequence. The main, and initial, shared clinical phenotype among VRK1 pathogenic variants is a distal progressive loss of motor and/or sensory function, which includes diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia. In most cases, symptoms start early in infancy, or in utero, and are slowly progressive. Additional neurological symptoms vary among non-related patients, probably because of their different VRK1 variants and their genetic background. The underlying common pathogenic mechanism, by its functional impairment, is a likely consequence of the roles that the VRK1 protein plays in the regulation on the stability and assembly of Cajal bodies, which affect RNA maturation and processing, neuronal migration of RNPs along axons, and DNA-damage responses. Alterations of these processes are associated with several neuro sensory or motor syndromes. The clinical heterogeneity of the neurological phenotypes associated with VRK1 is a likely consequence of the protein complexes in which VRK1 is integrated, which include several proteins known to be associated with Cajal bodies and DNA damage responses. Several hereditary distal neurological diseases are a consequence of pathogenic variants in genes that alter these cellular functions. We conclude that VRK1-related distal hereditary neuropathies and motor neuron diseases represent a novel subgroup of Cajal body related neurological syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Lazo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Patricia Morejón-García
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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3
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Integrative analysis of lithium treatment associated effects on brain structure and peripheral gene expression reveals novel molecular insights into mechanism of action. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:103. [PMID: 32251271 PMCID: PMC7136209 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is a highly effective medication for bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, brain MRI scans and blood samples for gene expression (total of 110 scans and 109 blood samples) were collected from 21 bipolar subjects before and after 2 and 8 weeks of lithium monotherapy and at the same time-points from untreated 16 healthy controls. We used linear mixed-effects models to identify brain structural features and genes with expression changed after lithium treatment, with correction for multiple testing, and correlated their concurrent changes to identify molecular pathways associated with lithium effects. There are significant increases in gray matter fraction, global cortical thickness, and the frontal and parietal cortices after 8 weeks of lithium treatment (corrected p < 0.05). Volume increases were also seen for putamen, hippocampus, thalamic nuclei, and thalamic substructures. Several genes showed significant expression changes, and 14 gene pathways were identified for the present integration analysis. Of these, nine pathways had significant correlations with structural changes (FDR < 0.05). Three neurotrophy-related pathways (GDNF family of ligands, NFAT immune-response, and p53-signaling pathway) correlated with structural changes in multiple regions. Mediation analysis showed that the sphingomyelin metabolism pathway is associated with HAM-D change (p < 0.01), and this effect is mediated via the volume of mediodorsal thalamus (p < 0.03). In summary, the integration of lithium effects on brain structural and peripheral gene expression changes revealed effects on several neurotrophic molecular pathways, which provides further insights into the mechanism of lithium action.
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Cao L, Zhang Y, Qian M, Wang X, Shuai Q, Gao C, Lang R, Yang J. Construction of multicellular aggregate by E-cadherin coated microparticles enhancing the hepatic specific differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:382-394. [PMID: 30660779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells in vitroprovides a promising candidate for cell therapy of liver diseases, and cell aggregates have been proposed to improve the efficiency of expansion and differentiation. Previously, we engineered multicellular aggregates incorporating human E-cadherin fusion protein (hE-cad-Fc)-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (hE-cad-PLGAs), and a significant improvement was obtained in both cellular proliferation of and cytokine secretion by hMSCs. In this study, hepatic differentiation of hMSCs was induced by a biomimetic microenvironment consisting of these engineered aggregates and a cocktail of specific cytokines. The ratio of hE-cad-PLGAs to hMSCs in engineered hMSCs aggregates was optimized to 1:3 for hepatic differentiation. The expressions of hepatic-specific markers were significantly promoted, and cell polarity and activated drug metabolism enzymes were established in MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates compared with MSC and MSC/PLGA aggregates. Moreover, the expressions of stemness and definitive endoderm markers confirmed effectively induced endoderm differentiation in MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates, which was consistent with the pattern of embryonic development. After pre-differentiation for 1 week, the MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates continuously progressed the hepatic phenotype expression in healthy rat peritoneum. Therefore, the biomimetic microenvironment constructed by hE-cad-PLGAs in engineered multicellular aggregates was able to promote the process of endoderm differentiation and the subsequent hepatic differentiation of hMSCs. It would be appropriate for applied research in hepatotoxic drug screening and cell-based treatment of liver diseases. By optimizing with other cytokine cocktail, the engineered multicellular aggregates can be applied to the construction of other endoderm-derived organs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells in vitroprovides a promising for cell therapy for liver diseases, and cell aggregates have been proposed to improve the expansion and differentiation efficiency. Here, engineered multicellular aggregates were constructed by E-cadherin modified microparticles (hE-cad-PLGAs) construct a biomimetic microenvironment to promote the process of endoderm differentiation and the subsequent hepatic differentiation of hMSCs. Furthermore, after pre-differentiation for 1 week, the MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates continuously progressed the hepatic phenotype expression in healthy rat peritoneum. Therefore, engineered multicellular aggregates with hE-cad-PLGAs would be appropriate for applied research in hepatotoxic drug screening and cell-based treatment of liver diseases, and provide a promising method in the construction of other endoderm-derived organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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5
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Wilson C, Muñoz-Palma E, González-Billault C. From birth to death: A role for reactive oxygen species in neuronal development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 80:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Turcato F, Kim P, Barnett A, Jin Y, Scerba M, Casey A, Selman W, Greig NH, Luo Y. Sequential combined Treatment of Pifithrin-α and Posiphen Enhances Neurogenesis and Functional Recovery After Stroke. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:607-621. [PMID: 29871513 PMCID: PMC6041885 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718766328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although cerebral ischemia can activate endogenous reparative processes, such as
proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ)
and subgranular zone (SGZ), the majority of these new cells die shortly after injury and
do not appropriately differentiate into neurons, or migrate and functionally integrate
into the brain. The purpose of this study was to examine a novel strategy for treatment
of stroke after injury by optimizing the survival of ischemia-induced endogenous NSCs in
the SVZ and SGZ. Methods: Adult SVZ and SGZ NSCs were grown as neurospheres in culture and treated with a p53
inactivator, pifithrin-α (PFT-α), and an amyloid precursor protein (APP)-lowering drug,
posiphen, and effects on neurosphere number, size and neuronal differentiation were
evaluated. This combined sequential treatment approach was then evaluated in mice
challenged with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Locomotor behavior and
cognition were evaluated at 4 weeks, and the number of new surviving neurons was
quantified in nestin creERT2-YFP mice. Results: PFT-α and posiphen enhanced the self-renewal, proliferation rate and neuronal
differentiation of adult SVZ and SGZ NSCs in culture. Their sequential combination in
mice challenged with MCAo-induced stroke mitigated locomotor and cognitive impairments
and increased the survival of SVZ and SGZ NSCs cells. PFT-α and the combined
posiphen+PFT-α treatment similarly improved locomotion behavior in stroke challenged
mice. Notably, however, the combined treatment provided significantly more potent
cognitive function enhancement in stroke mice, as compared with PFT-α single
treatment. Interpretation: Delayed combined sequential treatment with an inhibitor of p53 dependent apoptosis
(PFT-α) and APP synthesis (posiphen) proved able to enhance stroke-induced endogenous
neurogenesis and improve the functional recovery in stroke animals. Whereas the combined
sequential treatment provided no further improvement in locomotor function, as compared
with PFT-α alone treatment, suggesting a potential ceiling in the locomotion behavioral
outcome in stroke animals, combined treatment more potently augmented cognitive function
recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Turcato
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,2 Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul Kim
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Austin Barnett
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Yongming Jin
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Mike Scerba
- 3 National Institute of Aging, Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, USA
| | - Anthony Casey
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Warren Selman
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- 3 National Institute of Aging, Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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7
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Jauhari A, Singh T, Yadav S. Expression of miR-145 and Its Target Proteins Are Regulated by miR-29b in Differentiated Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8978-8990. [PMID: 29619741 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as the most potential regulator of neuronal development. Recent studies from our lab and elsewhere have demonstrated a direct role of miRNAs in regulating neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis. MicroRNA-145, a miRNA identified to regulate pluripotency of stem cells, downregulates the protein levels of reprogramming transcription factors (RTFs) like OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4 (cell, 137,647-658,2009). Studies have shown that miR-145 is multifunctional and crucial for fate determination of neurons. In our recently published study, we have identified a set of miRNAs including miR-145 and miR-29b families differentially expressed in SH-SY5Y cells exposed sequentially with retinoic acid + brain-derived neurotrophic factor (RA+BDNF) for differentiation into mature neurons (Mol Neurobiol (2016) doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0042-9 ). In the present study, we have identified the role of miR-29b in upregulation of miR-145, which is upregulated after exposure of RA+BDNF in a P53-dependent manner. In differentiating SH-SY5Y cells, expression of miR-29b downregulates expression of P85α, a P53 inhibitor, which results in upregulation of miR-145 and downregulation of RTF proteins. Ectopic expression of miR-145 and miR-29b in amounts equivalent to their endogenous expression has induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, our studies have identified miR-29b as an upstream regulator of miR-145 and targets its RTF genes during differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jauhari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- IITR Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanisha Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India.
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8
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Turning Death to Growth: Hematopoietic Growth Factors Promote Neurite Outgrowth through MEK/ERK/p53 Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5913-5925. [PMID: 29119536 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are the essential hematopoietic growth factors to control hematopoiesis. However, the role of SCF and G-CSF in the central nervous system remains poorly understood. Here, we have demonstrated the involvement of MEK/ERK/p53 signaling in SCF + G-CSF-enhanced neurite extension. Cortical neurons dissected from embryonic rat brains were seeded onto the membranes of transwell inserts, and neurite outgrowth was determined by using both the neurite outgrowth quantification assay kit and immunostaining of β III tubulin. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting were used for determining gene and protein expression of ERK and p53, respectively. p53 small interfering RNA (siRNAs) were introduced into neurons for examining the involvement of p53 in SCF + G-CSF-mediated neurite outgrowth. We observed that both SCF and G-CSF alone increased activation of MEK/ERK and gene expression of p53, while SCF + G-CSF synergistically activated the MEK/ERK signaling and upregulated p53 expression. MEK specific inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) blocked the SCF + G-CSF-increased ERK phosphorylation and p53 gene and protein expression, and the MEK specific inhibitors also eliminated the SCF + G-CSF-promoted neurite outgrowth. p53 siRNAs knocked down the SCF + G-CSF-elevated p53 protein and prevented the SCF + G-CSF-enhanced neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that activation of MEK/ERK/p53 signaling is required for SCF + G-CSF-promoted neurite outgrowth. Through the pro-apoptotic pathway of the MEK/ERK/p53, SCF + G-CSF turns neuronal fate from apoptotic commitment toward neural network generation. This observation provides novel insights into the putative role of SCF + G-CSF in supporting generation of neural connectivity during CNS development and in brain repair under pathological or neurodegenerative conditions.
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Wang CF, Zhao CC, Weng WJ, Lei J, Lin Y, Mao Q, Gao GY, Feng JF, Jiang JY. Alteration in Long Non-Coding RNA Expression after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2100-2108. [PMID: 28145813 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-cheng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-ji Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-yi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-feng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-yao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Nguyen DTT, Richter D, Michel G, Mitschka S, Kolanus W, Cuevas E, Wulczyn FG. The ubiquitin ligase LIN41/TRIM71 targets p53 to antagonize cell death and differentiation pathways during stem cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1063-1078. [PMID: 28430184 PMCID: PMC5442473 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidity and specificity are characteristic features of proteolysis mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Therefore, the UPS is ideally suited for the remodeling of the embryonic stem cell proteome during the transition from pluripotent to differentiated states and its inverse, the generation of inducible pluripotent stem cells. The Trim-NHL family member LIN41 is among the first E3 ubiquitin ligases to be linked to stem cell pluripotency and reprogramming. Initially discovered in C. elegans as a downstream target of the let-7 miRNA, LIN41 is now recognized as a critical regulator of stem cell fates as well as the timing of neurogenesis. Despite being indispensable for embryonic development and neural tube closure in mice, the underlying mechanisms for LIN41 function in these processes are poorly understood. To better understand the specific contributions of the E3 ligase activity for the stem cell functions of LIN41, we characterized global changes in ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like modifications using Lin41-inducible mouse embryonic stem cells. The tumor suppressor protein p53 was among the five most strongly affected proteins in cells undergoing neural differentiation in response to LIN41 induction. We show that LIN41 interacts with p53, controls its abundance by ubiquitination and antagonizes p53-dependent pro-apoptotic and pro-differentiation responses. In vivo, the lack of LIN41 is associated with upregulation of Grhl3 and widespread caspase-3 activation, two downstream effectors of p53 with essential roles in neural tube closure. As Lin41-deficient mice display neural tube closure defects, we conclude that LIN41 is critical for the regulation of p53 functions in cell fate specification and survival during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Thuy Nguyen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Daniel Richter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Geert Michel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Forschungseinrichtung für Experimentelle Medizin, Krahmerstraße 6-10, Berlin 12207, Germany
| | - Sibylle Mitschka
- University of Bonn, Life &Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- University of Bonn, Life &Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Elisa Cuevas
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Stem Cells &Regenerative Medicine Section, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, Great Britain, UK
| | - F Gregory Wulczyn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
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11
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Kobus-Bianchini K, Bourckhardt GF, Ammar D, Nazari EM, Müller YMR. Homocysteine-induced changes in cell proliferation and differentiation in the chick embryo spinal cord: implications for mechanisms of neural tube defects (NTD). Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:167-173. [PMID: 28242235 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of NTD in the offspring. Our study investigated the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) on proliferation and neuronal differentiation of the spinal cord cells in a chick embryo model. Embryos were treated with 20μmol D-L Hcy/50μL saline solution at embryonic day 2 (E2) and analyzed at embryonic days 4 (E4) and 6 (E6). Control embryos received exclusively 50μL saline solution. We performed immunolocalization and flow cytometry analyses using antibodies anti-phosphohistone H3 (pH3), anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), anti-β-tubulin III and anti-p53. Our results revealed that Hcy interferes in the proliferation of the neural cells, and that this effect is age-dependent and differed between Hcy-treated embryos with and without NTD. Also, Hcy induced a decrease of neuronal differentiation in the spinal cord at both embryonic ages. These findings contribute to clarifying the cellular bases of NTD genesis, under experimental hiperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Kobus-Bianchini
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte, UDESC, Rua Pascoal Simone 358, Coqueiros, Florianópolis, SC, 88080-350, Brazil; Centro Universitário Estácio de Sá Santa Catarina, Avenida Leoberto Leal 431, São José, SC, 88117-001, Brazil.
| | - Gilian Fernando Bourckhardt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Dib Ammar
- Centro Universitário Católica de Santa Catarina, Rua Visconde de Taunay 427, Centro, Joinville, SC, 89203-005, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Rauh Müller
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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12
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Kannappan R, Matsuda A, Ferreira-Martins J, Zhang E, Palano G, Czarna A, Cabral-Da-Silva MC, Bastos-Carvalho A, Sanada F, Ide N, Rota M, Blasco MA, Serrano M, Anversa P, Leri A. p53 Modulates the Fate of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Ex Vivo and in the Diabetic Heart In Vivo. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:224-237. [PMID: 28163043 PMCID: PMC5474510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is an important modulator of stem cell fate, but its role in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is unknown. Here, we tested the effects of a single extra-copy of p53 on the function of CPCs in the presence of oxidative stress mediated by doxorubicin in vitro and type-1 diabetes in vivo. CPCs were obtained from super-p53 transgenic mice (p53-tg), in which the additional allele is regulated in a manner similar to the endogenous protein. Old CPCs with increased p53 dosage showed a superior ability to sustain oxidative stress, repair DNA damage and restore cell division. With doxorubicin, a larger fraction of CPCs carrying an extra-copy of the p53 allele recruited γH2A.X reestablishing DNA integrity. Enhanced p53 expression resulted in a superior tolerance to oxidative stress in vivo by providing CPCs with defense mechanisms necessary to survive in the milieu of the diabetic heart; they engrafted in regions of tissue injury and in three days acquired the cardiomyocyte phenotype. The biological advantage provided by the increased dosage of p53 in CPCs suggests that this genetic strategy may be translated to humans to increase cellular engraftment and growth, critical determinants of successful cell therapy for the failing heart. p53 improves the ability of CPCs to sustain oxidative stress. p53 promotes the restoration of DNA integrity and cell division. p53 enhances the engraftment of CPCs in the diabetic heart.
Ongoing clinical trials with autologous cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are faced with a critical limitation which is related to the modest amount of retained cells within the damaged myocardium. We have developed a strategy that overcomes in part this problem enhancing the number of CSCs able to engraft within the pathologic organ. Additionally, these genetically modified CSCs can be generated in large number, raising the possibility that multiple temporally distinct deliveries of cells can be introduced to restore the structural and functional integrity of the decompensated heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex Matsuda
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - João Ferreira-Martins
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giorgia Palano
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Czarna
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mauricio Castro Cabral-Da-Silva
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adriana Bastos-Carvalho
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fumihiro Sanada
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noriko Ide
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcello Rota
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Piero Anversa
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Annarosa Leri
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
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13
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The p53 tumor suppressor protein protects against chemotherapeutic stress and apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:854-68. [PMID: 26540407 PMCID: PMC4637210 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), a primitive neuroectodermal tumor, is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and remains incurable in about a third of patients. Currently, survivors carry a significant burden of late treatment effects. The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a crucial role in influencing cell survival in response to cellular stress and while the p53 pathway is considered a key determinant of anti-tumor responses in many tumors, its role in cell survival in MB is much less well defined. Herein, we report that the experimental drug VMY-1-103 acts through induction of a partial DNA damage-like response as well induction of non-survival autophagy. Surprisingly, the genetic or chemical silencing of p53 significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of both VMY and the DNA damaging drug, doxorubicin. The inhibition of p53 in the presence of VMY revealed increased late stage apoptosis, increased DNA fragmentation and increased expression of genes involved in apoptosis, including CAPN12 and TRPM8, p63, p73, BIK, EndoG, CIDEB, P27Kip1 and P21cip1. These data provide the groundwork for additional studies on VMY as a therapeutic drug and support further investigations into the intriguing possibility that targeting p53 function may be an effective means of enhancing clinical outcomes in MB.
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14
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Halevy T, Akov S, Bohndorf M, Mlody B, Adjaye J, Benvenisty N, Goldberg M. Chromosomal Instability and Molecular Defects in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Patients. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2499-511. [PMID: 27545893 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) results from the absence of the NBS1 protein, responsible for detection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). NBS is characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and cancer predisposition. Here, we show successful reprogramming of NBS fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (NBS-iPSCs). Our data suggest a strong selection for karyotypically normal fibroblasts to go through the reprogramming process. NBS-iPSCs then acquire numerous chromosomal aberrations and show a delayed response to DSB induction. Furthermore, NBS-iPSCs display slower growth, mitotic inhibition, a reduced apoptotic response to stress, and abnormal cell-cycle-related gene expression. Importantly, NBS neural progenitor cells (NBS-NPCs) show downregulation of neural developmental genes, which seems to be mediated by P53. Our results demonstrate the importance of NBS1 in early human development, shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this severe syndrome, and further expand our knowledge of the genomic stress cells experience during the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Halevy
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shira Akov
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Martina Bohndorf
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Mlody
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Michal Goldberg
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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15
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Jauhari A, Singh T, Pandey A, Singh P, Singh N, Srivastava AK, Pant AB, Parmar D, Yadav S. Differentiation Induces Dramatic Changes in miRNA Profile, Where Loss of Dicer Diverts Differentiating SH-SY5Y Cells Toward Senescence. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4986-4995. [PMID: 27525675 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are generated by endonuclease activity of Dicer, which also helps in loading of miRNAs to their target sequences. SH-SY5Y, a human neuroblastoma and a cellular model of neurodevelopment, consistently expresses genes related to neurodegenerative disorders at different biological levels (DNA, RNA, and proteins). Using SH-SY5Y cells, we have studied the role of Dicer and miRNAs in neuronal differentiation and explored involvement of P53, a master regulator of gene expression in differentiation-induced induction of miRNAs. Knocking down Dicer gene induced senescence in differentiating SH-SY5Y cells, which indicate the essential role of Dicer in brain development. Differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells by retinoic acid (RA) or RA + brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induced dramatic changes in global miRNA expression. Fully differentiated SH-SY5Y cells (5-day RA followed by 3-day BDNF) significantly (p < 0.05 and atleast >3-fold change) upregulated and downregulated the expression of 77 and 17 miRNAs, respectively. Maximum increase was observed in the expression of miR-193-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-192, miR-145, miR-28-5p, miR-29b, and miR-222 after RA exposure and miR-193-5p, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-199a-5p, miR-153, miR-29b, and miR-222 after RA + BDNF exposure in SH-SY5Y cells. Exploring the role of P53 in differentiating SH-SY5Y cells, we have observed that induction of miR-222, miR-192, and miR-145 is P53 dependent and expression of miR-193a-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-153, and miR-29b is P53 independent. In conclusion, decreased Dicer level enforces differentiating cells to senescence, and differentiating SH-SY5Y cells needs increased expression of P53 to cope up with changes in protein levels of mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jauhari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Tanisha Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India
| | - Parul Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India
| | - Nishant Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankur Kumar Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Aditya Bhushan Pant
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India.
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16
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Katsura M, Cyou-Nakamine H, Zen Q, Zen Y, Nansai H, Amagasa S, Kanki Y, Inoue T, Kaneki K, Taguchi A, Kobayashi M, Kaji T, Kodama T, Miyagawa K, Wada Y, Akimitsu N, Sone H. Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Radiation on Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20027. [PMID: 26795421 PMCID: PMC4726121 DOI: 10.1038/srep20027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of chronic low-dose radiation on human health have not been well established. Recent studies have revealed that neural progenitor cells are present not only in the fetal brain but also in the adult brain. Since immature cells are generally more radiosensitive, here we investigated the effects of chronic low-dose radiation on cultured human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) derived from embryonic stem cells. Radiation at low doses of 31, 124 and 496 mGy per 72 h was administered to hNPCs. The effects were estimated by gene expression profiling with microarray analysis as well as morphological analysis. Gene expression was dose-dependently changed by radiation. By thirty-one mGy of radiation, inflammatory pathways involving interferon signaling and cell junctions were altered. DNA repair and cell adhesion molecules were affected by 124 mGy of radiation while DNA synthesis, apoptosis, metabolism, and neural differentiation were all affected by 496 mGy of radiation. These in vitro results suggest that 496 mGy radiation affects the development of neuronal progenitor cells while altered gene expression was observed at a radiation dose lower than 100 mGy. This study would contribute to the elucidation of the clinical and subclinical phenotypes of impaired neuronal development induced by chronic low-dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Katsura
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Cyou-Nakamine
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Qin Zen
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yang Zen
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nansai
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shota Amagasa
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kaneki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akashi Taguchi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Kobayashi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideko Sone
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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17
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Bhinge A, Namboori SC, Bithell A, Soldati C, Buckley NJ, Stanton LW. MiR-375 is Essential for Human Spinal Motor Neuron Development and May Be Involved in Motor Neuron Degeneration. Stem Cells 2016; 34:124-134. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The transcription factor REST is a key suppressor of neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissues. REST has been shown to suppress proneuronal microRNAs in neural progenitors indicating that REST-mediated neurogenic suppression may act in part via microRNAs. We used neural differentiation of Rest-null mouse ESC to identify dozens of microRNAs regulated by REST during neural development. One of the identified microRNAs, miR-375, was upregulated during human spinal motor neuron development. We found that miR-375 facilitates spinal motor neurogenesis by targeting the cyclin kinase CCND2 and the transcription factor PAX6. Additionally, miR-375 inhibits the tumor suppressor p53 and protects neurons from apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Interestingly, motor neurons derived from a spinal muscular atrophy patient displayed depressed miR-375 expression and elevated p53 protein levels. Importantly, SMA motor neurons were significantly more susceptible to DNA damage induced apoptosis suggesting that miR-375 may play a protective role in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Bhinge
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seema C. Namboori
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Bithell
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Soldati
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Noel J. Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence W. Stanton
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Fattal I, Shental N, Ben-Dor S, Molad Y, Gabrielli A, Pokroy-Shapira E, Oren S, Livneh A, Langevitz P, Zandman-Goddard G, Sarig O, Margalit R, Gafter U, Domany E, Cohen IR. Guanine polynucleotides are self-antigens for human natural autoantibodies and are significantly reduced in the human genome. Immunology 2015; 146:401-10. [PMID: 26227667 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of investigating anti-DNA autoantibodies, we examined IgM and IgG antibodies to poly-G and other oligonucleotides in the sera of healthy persons and those diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma (SSc), or pemphigus vulgaris (PV); we used an antigen microarray and informatic analysis. We now report that all of the 135 humans studied, irrespective of health or autoimmune disease, manifested relatively high amounts of IgG antibodies binding to the 20-mer G oligonucleotide (G20); no participants entirely lacked this reactivity. IgG antibodies to homo-nucleotides A20, C20 or T20 were present only in the sera of SLE patients who were positive for antibodies to dsDNA. The prevalence of anti-G20 antibodies led us to survey human, mouse and Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) genomes for runs of T20 and G20 or more: runs of T20 appear > 170,000 times compared with only 93 runs of G20 or more in the human genome; of these runs, 40 were close to brain-associated genes. Mouse and fruit fly genomes showed significantly lower T20/G20 ratios than did human genomes. Moreover, sera from both healthy and SLE mice contained relatively little or no anti-G20 antibodies; so natural anti-G20 antibodies appear to be characteristic of humans. These unexpected observations invite investigation of the immune functions of anti-G20 antibodies in human health and disease and of runs of G20 in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ittai Fattal
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Physics of Complex Systems, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Nephrology, Rabin Medical Centre, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noam Shental
- Department of Computer Science, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair Molad
- The Rheumatology Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Istituto di, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari- Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisheva Pokroy-Shapira
- The Rheumatology Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shirly Oren
- The Rheumatology Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avi Livneh
- Department of Medicine F, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Pnina Langevitz
- The Rheumatology Unit, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Ofer Sarig
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Margalit
- Science in Action Ltd, Weizmann Science Park, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Uzi Gafter
- Department of Nephrology, Rabin Medical Centre, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Eytan Domany
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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19
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Guo W, Xie L, Zhao L, Zhao Y. mRNA and microRNA expression profiles of radioresistant NCI-H520 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1857-67. [PMID: 25873351 PMCID: PMC4464398 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and to identify key molecules conferring radioresistance, the radioresistant subclone NCI-H520/R, derived from the NCI-H520 NSCLC cell line, was established with eight rounds of sublethal irradiation. The radioresistant features were subsequently assessed using a clonogenic assay, analysis of apoptosis and an MTT assay, the gene expression levels were examined using an Agilent Whole Human Genome 4×44 k Oligo microarray and Agilent Human miRCURY™ LNA array, and confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed to determine the biological functions of the subset of differentially expressed genes. miRNA-mRNA correlation analysis between the expression levels of each miRNA and all its predicted target genes was performed to further understand the radioresistance in the NCI-H520 cells. Following eight rounds of sublethal irradiation, a total of 2,862 mRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in the NCI-H520/R cells, including 893 upregulated genes and 1,969 downregulated genes. A total of 162 upregulated miRNAs and 274 downregulated miRNAs were significantly deregulated in the NCI-H520/R cells. Multiple core regulatory processes and signaling pathways were identified as being of likely relevance to radioresistance in NCI-H520/R cells, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and neurotrophin signaling pathway. The expression of genes associated with radioresistance reflects the complex biological processes involved in clinical cancer cell eradication and requires further investigation for future enhancement of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Ultrasound Diagnosis Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Li Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhao
- Ultrasound Diagnosis Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Yuehuan Zhao
- Ultrasound Diagnosis Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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20
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Quintens R, Verreet T, Janssen A, Neefs M, Leysen L, Michaux A, Verslegers M, Samari N, Pani G, Verheyde J, Baatout S, Benotmane MA. Identification of novel radiation-induced p53-dependent transcripts extensively regulated during mouse brain development. Biol Open 2015; 4:331-44. [PMID: 25681390 PMCID: PMC4359739 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20149969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a potent activator of the tumor suppressor gene p53, which itself regulates the transcription of genes involved in canonical pathways such as the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis as well as other biological processes like metabolism, autophagy, differentiation and development. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis on gene expression data from different in vivo and in vitro experiments to identify a signature of early radiation-responsive genes which were predicted to be predominantly regulated by p53. Moreover, we found that several genes expressed different transcript isoforms after irradiation in a p53-dependent manner. Among this gene signature, we identified novel p53 targets, some of which have not yet been functionally characterized. Surprisingly, in contrast to genes from the canonical p53-regulated pathways, our gene signature was found to be highly enriched during embryonic and post-natal brain development and during in vitro neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, we could show that for a number of genes, radiation-responsive transcript variants were upregulated during development and differentiation, while radiation non-responsive variants were not. This suggests that radiation exposure of the developing brain and immature cortical neurons results in the p53-mediated activation of a neuronal differentiation program. Overall, our results further increase the knowledge of the radiation-induced p53 network of the embryonic brain and provide more evidence concerning the importance of p53 and its transcriptional targets during mouse brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Tine Verreet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Janssen
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Mieke Neefs
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Liselotte Leysen
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Arlette Michaux
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nada Samari
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Pani
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium Present address: Nutritional Biochemistry and Space Biology Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Bio-molecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Joris Verheyde
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group (CSI), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohammed A Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
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21
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Sawhney S, Hood K, Shaw A, Braithwaite AW, Stubbs R, Hung NA, Royds JA, Slatter TL. Alpha-enolase is upregulated on the cell surface and responds to plasminogen activation in mice expressing a ∆133p53α mimic. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116270. [PMID: 25643152 PMCID: PMC4313950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a master regulator of the stress response. It acts as a tumor suppressor by inducing transcriptional activation of p53 target genes, with roles in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and metabolism. The discovery of at least 12 isoforms of p53, some of which have tumor-promoting properties, has opened new avenues of research. Our previous work studied tumor phenotypes in four mouse models with different p53 backgrounds: wild-type p53, p53 null, mutant p53 lacking the proline domain (mΔpro), and a mimic for the human Δ133p53α p53 isoform (Δ122p53). To identify the major proteins affected by p53 function early in the response to DNA damage, the current study investigated the entire proteome of bone marrow, thymus, and lung in the four p53 models. Protein extracts from untreated controls and those treated with amsacrine were analyzed using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. In the bone marrow, reactive proteins were universally decreased by wild-type p53, including α-enolase. Further analysis of α-enolase in the p53 models revealed that it was instead increased in Δ122p53 hematopoietic and tumor cell cytosol and on the cell surface. Alpha-enolase on the surface of Δ122p53 cells acted as a plasminogen receptor, with tumor necrosis factor alpha induced upon plasminogen stimulation. Taken together, these data identified new proteins associated with p53 function. One of these proteins, α-enolase, is regulated differently by wild-type p53 and Δ122p53 cells, with reduced abundance as part of a wild-type p53 response and increased abundance with Δ122p53 function. Increased cell surface α-enolase on Δ122p53 cells provides a possible explanation for the model’s pro-inflammatory features and suggests that p53 isoforms may direct an inflammatory response by increasing the amount of α-enolase on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sawhney
- Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kylie Hood
- Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alisha Shaw
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antony W. Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Richard Stubbs
- Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Noelyn A. Hung
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Janice A. Royds
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tania L. Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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22
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The heart: mostly postmitotic or mostly premitotic? Myocyte cell cycle, senescence, and quiescence. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:1270-8. [PMID: 25442430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of myocyte division and myocyte-mediated regeneration has re-emerged in the past 5 years through development of sophisticated transgenic mice and carbon-dating of cells. Although recently, a couple of studies have been conducted as an attempt to intervene in myocyte division, the efficiency in adult animals remains discouragingly low. Re-enforcing myocyte division is a vision that has been desired for decades, leading to years of experience in myocyte resistance to proproliferative stimuli. Previous attempts have indeed provided a platform for basic knowledge on molecular players and signalling in myocytes. However, natural biological processes such as hypertrophy and binucleation provide layers of complexity in interpretation of previous and current findings. A major hurdle in mediating myocyte division is a lack of insight in the myocyte cell cycle. To date, no knowledge is gained on myoycte cell cycle progression and/or duration. This review will include an overview of previous and current literature on myocyte cell cycle and division. Furthermore, the limitations of current approaches and basic questions that might be essential in understanding myocardial resistance to division will be discussed.
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23
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Regulating Set-β's Subcellular Localization Toggles Its Function between Inhibiting and Promoting Axon Growth and Regeneration. J Neurosci 2014; 34:7361-74. [PMID: 24849368 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3658-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of the CNS neurons to regenerate axons after injury or stroke is a major clinical problem. Transcriptional regulators like Set-β are well positioned to regulate intrinsic axon regeneration capacity, which declines developmentally in maturing CNS neurons. Set-β also functions at cellular membranes and its subcellular localization is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease, but many of its biological mechanisms have not been explored in neurons. We found that Set-β was upregulated postnatally in CNS neurons, and was primarily localized to the nucleus but was also detected in the cytoplasm and adjacent to the plasma membrane. Remarkably, nuclear Set-β suppressed, whereas Set-β localized to cytoplasmic membranes promoted neurite growth in rodent retinal ganglion cells and hippocampal neurons. Mimicking serine 9 phosphorylation, as found in Alzheimer's disease brains, delayed nuclear import and furthermore blocked the ability of nuclear Set-β to suppress neurite growth. We also present data on gene regulation and protein binding partner recruitment by Set-β in primary neurons, raising the hypothesis that nuclear Set-β may preferentially regulate gene expression whereas Set-β at cytoplasmic membranes may regulate unique cofactors, including PP2A, which we show also regulates axon growth in vitro. Finally, increasing recruitment of Set-β to cellular membranes promoted adult rat optic nerve axon regeneration after injury in vivo. Thus, Set-β differentially regulates axon growth and regeneration depending on subcellular localization and phosphorylation.
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24
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Choi M, Ko SY, Lee IY, Wang SE, Lee SH, Oh DH, Kim YS, Son H. Carbamylated erythropoietin promotes neurite outgrowth and neuronal spine formation in association with CBP/p300. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:79-84. [PMID: 24607903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both erythropoietin (EPO) and carbamylated EPO (cEPO) have been shown to increase the length of neurites and spine density in neurons. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the EPO- and cEPO-induced neuronal differentiation has yet to be investigated. To address this issue, we investigated epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression in neurons. Neurons treated with EPO or cEPO display an upregulation of E1A-binding protein (p300) and p300-mediated p53 acetylation, possibly increasing the transactivation activity of p53 on growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43). Treatment of cells with cEPO markedly increases spine formation and potentiates p300-mediated transactivation of PSD95, Shank2 and 3 compared to EPO. These results demonstrate that cEPO controls neuronal differentiation via acetylation of transcription factors and subsequent transactivation of target genes. These findings have important medical implications because cEPO is of interest in the development of therapeutic agents against neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyeon Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Ko
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Wang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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25
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D'Adamo P, Masetti M, Bianchi V, Morè L, Mignogna ML, Giannandrea M, Gatti S. RAB GTPases and RAB-interacting proteins and their role in the control of cognitive functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:302-14. [PMID: 24412241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A RAS-related class of small monomeric G proteins, the RAB GTPases, is emerging as of key biological importance in compartment specific directional control of vesicles formation, transport and fusion. Thanks to human genetic observation and to the consequent dedicated biochemical work, substantial progress has been made on the understanding of the role played by RAB GTPases and their effector proteins on neuronal development and the shaping of cognitive functions. This review is highlighting these initial elements to broaden the current scope of research on developmental cognitive deficits and take the point of view of RAB GTPases control on membrane transport in neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D'Adamo
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Michela Masetti
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Bianchi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Morè
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lidia Mignogna
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maila Giannandrea
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Neuroscience Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel CH4070, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Gatti
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Neuroscience Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel CH4070, Switzerland
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26
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Surget S, Khoury MP, Bourdon JC. Uncovering the role of p53 splice variants in human malignancy: a clinical perspective. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 7:57-68. [PMID: 24379683 PMCID: PMC3872270 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s53876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five years of research on p53 gave rise to more than 68,000 articles and reviews, but did not allow the uncovering of all the mysteries that this major tumor suppressor holds. How p53 handles the different signals to decide the appropriate cell fate in response to a stress and its implication in tumorigenesis and cancer progression remains unclear. Nevertheless, the uncovering of p53 isoforms has opened new perspectives in the cancer research field. Indeed, the human TP53 gene encodes not only one but at least twelve p53 protein isoforms, which are produced in normal tissues through alternative initiation of translation, usage of alternative promoters, and alternative splicing. In recent years, it became obvious that the different p53 isoforms play an important role in regulating cell fate in response to different stresses in normal cells by differentially regulating gene expression. In cancer cells, abnormal expression of p53 isoforms contributes actively to cancer formation and progression, regardless of TP53 mutation status. They can also be associated with response to treatment, depending on the cell context. The determination of p53 isoform expression and p53 mutation status helps to define different subtypes within a particular cancer type, which would have different responses to treatment. Thus, the understanding of the regulation of p53 isoform expression and their biological activities in relation to the cellular context would constitute an important step toward the improvement of the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values of p53 in cancer treatment. This review aims to summarize the involvement of p53 isoforms in cancer and to highlight novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanie Surget
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ; Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Marie P Khoury
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ; Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ; Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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