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Patel A, Sahu N, Verma HK, Bhaskar LVKS. Increased susceptibility for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate by SLC19A1 80G>A genetic variation. J World Fed Orthod 2024; 13:123-127. [PMID: 38395727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disruption of craniofacial developmental pathways during early embryogenesis can lead to conditions such as nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P). Several lines of evidence indicate that inadequate maternal nutrition causes low folate levels during the periconceptional period, resulting in NSCL/P. Although substantial research has been conducted on the possible link between SLC19A1 genetic variants and NSCL/P, the association between SLC19A1 80G>A (rs1051266) and NSCL/P remains unclear. In the present study, the associations of SLC19A1 80G>A with NSCL/P risk were assessed by calculating the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by meta-analyses. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, a meta-analysis was conducted on 10 studies assessing the NSCL/P risk associated with SLC19A1 80G>A variant. To ascertain the degree of relationship between the SLC19A1 80G>A genetic variant and the risk of NSCL/P, data were analyzed in allelic, recessive and dominant genetic models. CI of OR for each study and the pooled data were obtained. All statistical analyses were conducted utilizing the MetaGenyo software tool, which integrates the adjustment of P values for multiple testing through the Bonferroni method. RESULTS The pooled analysis showed that SLC19A1 80G>A variant significantly increased the NSCL/P risk in the allelic model (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.00-1.92), recessive model (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.03-1.82) and dominant models (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.05-2.90). Publication bias was not observed. CONCLUSIONS This study supports that the SLC19A1 80G>A genetic variant is associated with NSCL/P risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Patel
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Nisha Sahu
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - L V K S Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
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2
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Tangudu NK, Buj R, Wang H, Wang J, Cole AR, Uboveja A, Fang R, Amalric A, Yang B, Chatoff A, Crispim CV, Sajjakulnukit P, Lyons MA, Cooper K, Hempel N, Lyssiotis CA, Chandran UR, Snyder NW, Aird KM. De Novo Purine Metabolism is a Metabolic Vulnerability of Cancers with Low p16 Expression. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1174-1188. [PMID: 38626341 PMCID: PMC11064835 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
p16 is a tumor suppressor encoded by the CDKN2A gene whose expression is lost in approximately 50% of all human cancers. In its canonical role, p16 inhibits the G1-S-phase cell cycle progression through suppression of cyclin-dependent kinases. Interestingly, p16 also has roles in metabolic reprogramming, and we previously published that loss of p16 promotes nucleotide synthesis via the pentose phosphate pathway. However, the broader impact of p16/CDKN2A loss on other nucleotide metabolic pathways and potential therapeutic targets remains unexplored. Using CRISPR knockout libraries in isogenic human and mouse melanoma cell lines, we determined several nucleotide metabolism genes essential for the survival of cells with loss of p16/CDKN2A. Consistently, many of these genes are upregulated in melanoma cells with p16 knockdown or endogenously low CDKN2A expression. We determined that cells with low p16/CDKN2A expression are sensitive to multiple inhibitors of de novo purine synthesis, including antifolates. Finally, tumors with p16 knockdown were more sensitive to the antifolate methotrexate in vivo than control tumors. Together, our data provide evidence to reevaluate the utility of these drugs in patients with p16/CDKN2Alow tumors as loss of p16/CDKN2A may provide a therapeutic window for these agents. SIGNIFICANCE Antimetabolites were the first chemotherapies, yet many have failed in the clinic due to toxicity and poor patient selection. Our data suggest that p16 loss provides a therapeutic window to kill cancer cells with widely-used antifolates with relatively little toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aidan R. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Apoorva Uboveja
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amandine Amalric
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Baixue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Adam Chatoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia V. Crispim
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maureen A. Lyons
- Genomics Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristine Cooper
- Biostatistics Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Uma R. Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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3
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Hou X, Lu Z, Yu T, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Zhang C, Niu Y, Liang Q. Two maize homologs of mammalian proton-coupled folate transporter, ZmMFS_1-62 and ZmMFS_1-73, are essential to salt and drought tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108623. [PMID: 38626656 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Folates are essential to the maintenance of normal life activities in almost all organisms. Proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), belonging to the major facilitator superfamily, is one of the three major folate transporter types widely studied in mammals. However, information about plant PCFTs is limited. Here, a genome-wide identification of maize PCFTs was performed, and two PCFTs, ZmMFS_1-62 and ZmMFS_1-73, were functionally investigated. Both proteins contained the typical 12 transmembrane helixes with N- and C-termini located in the cytoplasm, and were localized in the plasma membrane. Molecular docking analysis indicated their binding activity with folates via hydrogen bonding. Interference with ZmMFS_1-62 and ZmMFS_1-73 in maize seedlings through virus-induced gene silencing disrupted folate homeostasis, mainly in the roots, and reduced tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Moreover, a molecular chaperone protein, ZmHSP20, was found to interact with ZmMFS_1-62 and ZmMFS_1-73, and interference with ZmHSP20 in maize seedlings also led to folate disruption and increased sensitivity to drought and salt stresses. Overall, this is the first report of functional identification of maize PCFTs, which play essential roles in salt and drought stress tolerance, thereby linking folate metabolism with abiotic stress responses in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Hou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Taifei Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, the "Double-First Class" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Pharmaceutical Science), Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Quansheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Yiding Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.
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Chen Y, Fang H, Sun H, Wu X, Xu Y, Zhou BBS, Li H. Up-regulation of ABCG1 is associated with methotrexate resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1331687. [PMID: 38259297 PMCID: PMC10800869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1331687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a prevalent hematologic malignancy in children, and methotrexate (MTX) is a widely employed curative treatment. Despite its common use, clinical resistance to MTX is frequently encountered. In this study, an MTX-resistant cell line (Reh-MTXR) was established through a stepwise selection process from the ALL cell line Reh. Comparative analysis revealed that Reh-MTXR cells exhibited resistance to MTX in contrast to the parental Reh cells. RNA-seq analysis identified an upregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in Reh-MTXR cells. Knockdown of ABCG1 in Reh-MTXR cells reversed the MTX-resistant phenotype, while overexpression of ABCG1 in Reh cells conferred resistance to MTX. Mechanistically, the heightened expression of ABCG1 accelerated MTX efflux, leading to a reduced accumulation of MTX polyglutamated metabolites. Notably, the ABCG1 inhibitor benzamil effectively sensitized Reh-MTXR cells to MTX treatment. Moreover, the observed upregulation of ABCG1 in Reh-MTXR cells was not induced by alterations in DNA methylation or histone acetylation. This study provides insight into the mechanistic basis of MTX resistance in ALL and also suggests a potential therapeutic approach for MTX-resistant ALL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshun Fang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Sun
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-Bing S. Zhou
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Escudero-Ferruz P, Ontiveros N, Cano-Estrada C, Sutcliffe DJ, Jinnah HA, Torres RJ, López JM. A new physiological medium uncovers biochemical and cellular alterations in Lesch-Nyhan disease fibroblasts. Mol Med 2024; 30:3. [PMID: 38172668 PMCID: PMC10765874 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a severe neurological disorder caused by the genetic deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt), an enzyme involved in the salvage synthesis of purines. To compensate this deficiency, there is an acceleration of the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. Most studies have failed to find any consistent abnormalities of purine nucleotides in cultured cells obtained from the patients. Recently, it has been shown that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside 5'-monophosphate (ZMP), an intermediate of the de novo pathway, accumulates in LND fibroblasts maintained with RPMI containing physiological levels (25 nM) of folic acid (FA), which strongly differs from FA levels of regular cell culture media (2200 nM). However, RPMI and other standard media contain non-physiological levels of many nutrients, having a great impact in cell metabolism that does not precisely recapitulate the in vivo behavior of cells. METHODS We prepared a new culture medium containing physiological levels of all nutrients, including vitamins (Plasmax-PV), to study the potential alterations of LND fibroblasts that may have been masked by the usage of non-physiological media. We quantified ZMP accumulation under different culture conditions and evaluated the activity of two known ZMP-target proteins (AMPK and ADSL), the mRNA expression of the folate carrier SLC19A1, possible mitochondrial alterations and functional consequences in LND fibroblasts. RESULTS LND fibroblasts maintained with Plasmax-PV show metabolic adaptations such a higher glycolytic capacity, increased expression of the folate carrier SCL19A1, and functional alterations such a decreased mitochondrial potential and reduced cell migration compared to controls. These alterations can be reverted with high levels of folic acid, suggesting that folic acid supplements might be a potential treatment for LND. CONCLUSIONS A complete physiological cell culture medium reveals new alterations in Lesch-Nyhan disease. This work emphasizes the importance of using physiological cell culture conditions when studying a metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Escudero-Ferruz
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ontiveros
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Cano-Estrada
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diane J Sutcliffe
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - H A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rosa J Torres
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute, IdiPaz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M López
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Qin XY, Ha SY, Chen L, Zhang T, Li MQ. Recent Advances in Folates and Autoantibodies against Folate Receptors in Early Pregnancy and Miscarriage. Nutrients 2023; 15:4882. [PMID: 38068740 PMCID: PMC10708193 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Though firstly identified in cerebral folate deficiency, autoantibodies against folate receptors (FRAbs) have been implicated in pregnancy complications such as miscarriage; however, the underlying mechanism needs to be further elaborated. FRAbs can be produced via sensitization mediated by folate-binding protein as well as gene mutation, aberrant modulation, or degradation of folate receptors (FRs). FRAbs may interfere with folate internalization and metabolism through blocking or binding with FRs. Interestingly, different types of FRs are expressed on trophoblast cells, decidual epithelium or stroma, and macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface, implying FRAbs may be involved in the critical events necessary for a successful pregnancy. Thus, we propose that FRAbs may disturb pregnancy establishment and maintenance by modulating trophoblastic biofunctions, placental development, decidualization, and decidua homeostasis as well as the functions of FOLR2+ macrophages. In light of these findings, FRAbs may be a critical factor in pathological pregnancy, and deserve careful consideration in therapies involving folic acid supplementation for pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yun Qin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China; (X.-Y.Q.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Si-Yao Ha
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China; (X.-Y.Q.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Lu Chen
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Tao Zhang
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China; (X.-Y.Q.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
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7
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Tembrock LR, Zink FA, Gilligan TM. Viral Prevalence and Genomic Xenology in the Coevolution of HzNV-2 (Nudiviridae) with Host Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:797. [PMID: 37887809 PMCID: PMC10607169 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Insect viruses have been described from numerous lineages, yet patterns of genetic exchange and viral prevalence, which are essential to understanding host-virus coevolution, are rarely studied. In Helicoverpa zea, the virus HzNV-2 can cause deformity of male and female genitalia, resulting in sterility. Using ddPCR, we found that male H. zea with malformed genitalia (agonadal) contained high levels of HzNV-2 DNA, confirming previous work. HzNV-2 was found to be prevalent throughout the United States, at more than twice the rate of the baculovirus HaSNPV, and that it contained several host-acquired DNA sequences. HzNV-2 possesses four recently endogenized lepidopteran genes and several more distantly related genes, including one gene with a bacteria-like sequence found in both host and virus. Among the recently acquired genes is cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cSHMT). In nearly all tested H. zea, cSHMT contained a 200 bp transposable element (TE) that was not found in cSHMT of the sister species H. armigera. No other virus has been found with host cSHMT, and the study of this shared copy, including possible interactions, may yield new insights into the function of this gene with possible applications to insect biological control, and gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Frida A. Zink
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Todd M. Gilligan
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology, Identification Technology Program, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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8
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Chen K, Liao J, Patel DJ, Xie W. Advances in structure-guided mechanisms impacting on the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway. Adv Immunol 2023; 159:1-32. [PMID: 37996205 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The metazoan cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway is triggered in response to cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), thereby providing host defense against microbial pathogens. This pathway also impacts on autoimmune diseases, cellular senescence and anti-tumor immunity. The cGAS-STING pathway was also observed in the bacterial antiviral immune response, known as the cyclic oligonucleotide (CDN)-based anti-phage signaling system (CBASS). This review highlights a structure-based mechanistic perspective of recent advances in metazoan and bacterial cGAS-STING innate immune signaling by focusing on the cGAS sensor, cGAMP second messenger and STING adaptor components, thereby elucidating the specificity, activation, regulation and signal transduction features of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jialing Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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9
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Dewelle WK, Melka DS, Aklilu AT, Gebremariam MY, Alemayehu MA, Alemayehu DH, Woldemichael TS, Gebre SG. Polymorphisms in Maternal Selected Folate Metabolism-Related Genes in Neural Tube Defect-Affected Pregnancy. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:160. [PMID: 37564453 PMCID: PMC10410419 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_103_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord, which occur as a result of failure in neural tube closure during embryogenesis. Causes of NTDs are complex and multiple, with hereditary, lifestyle, and environmental factors appearing to play a role. In spite of their impact on public health, the role genetics play on NTDs in Ethiopia is lacking. In this study, the role of polymorphisms in MTHFR 677C > T (rs1801133), MTHFR 1298A > C (rs1801131), MTRR 66A > G (rs1801394), RFC1 80A > G (rs1051266), and TCN2 776C > G (rs1801198) on the risk of having NTD-affected pregnancy was investigated. Materials and Methods One hundred women with NTD-affected pregnancy and 100 women with normal pregnancy were included in the study. DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyping for five polymorphisms in four genes was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The departure of the genotype's distribution from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was evaluated using the x2 goodness-of-fit test. Frequencies of genotypes and alleles in case and control mothers were determined and differences between relative frequencies were evaluated by the x2 or the Fisher's exact test. Results The statistically significant difference was absent in the genotype and allele frequencies for all the analyzed polymorphisms between cases and controls (P > 0.05). Conclusion MTHFR 677C > T, MTHFR 1298A > C, MTRR 66A > G, RFC1 80A > G, and TCN2 776C > G polymorphisms lack association with the risk of having a pregnancy affected by NTD. The role of other genes or environmental factors in NTD etiology needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winner K. Dewelle
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, East Africa
| | - Daniel S. Melka
- Biochemistry Division of Basic Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda, East Africa
| | - Abenezer T. Aklilu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, East Africa
| | - Mahlet Y. Gebremariam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, East Africa
| | - Markos A. Alemayehu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, East Africa
| | - Dawit H. Alemayehu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, East Africa
| | - Tamrayehu S. Woldemichael
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, East Africa
| | - Solomon G. Gebre
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, East Africa
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10
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Flickinger KM, Wilson KM, Rossiter NJ, Hunger AL, Lee TD, Hall MD, Cantor JR. Conditional lethality profiling reveals anticancer mechanisms of action and drug-nutrient interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.04.543621. [PMID: 37333068 PMCID: PMC10274668 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.04.543621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemical screening studies have identified drug sensitivities across hundreds of cancer cell lines but most putative therapeutics fail to translate. Discovery and development of drug candidates in models that more accurately reflect nutrient availability in human biofluids may help in addressing this major challenge. Here we performed high-throughput screens in conventional versus Human Plasma-Like Medium (HPLM). Sets of conditional anticancer compounds span phases of clinical development and include non-oncology drugs. Among these, we characterize a unique dual-mechanism of action for brivudine, an agent otherwise approved for antiviral treatment. Using an integrative approach, we find that brivudine affects two independent targets in folate metabolism. We also traced conditional phenotypes for several drugs to the availability of nucleotide salvage pathway substrates and verified others for compounds that seemingly elicit off-target anticancer effects. Our findings establish generalizable strategies for exploiting conditional lethality in HPLM to reveal therapeutic candidates and mechanisms of action.
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11
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Varaganti P, Buddolla V, Lakshmi BA, Kim YJ. Recent advances in using folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) for cancer diagnosis and treatment, with an emphasis on cancers that affect women. Life Sci 2023:121802. [PMID: 37244363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein called the folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) facilitates the transportation of folate by mediating receptor-mediated endocytosis in response to ligand binding. While FOLR1 expression is typically restricted to the apical surfaces of the epithelium in the lung, kidney, and choroid plexus in healthy people, it is overexpressed in a number of solid tumours, including high-grade osteosarcoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. As a result, FOLR1 has become an attractive target for cancer detection and therapy, particularly for cancers that affect women. A number of methods have been developed to target FOLR1 in cancer therapy, including the development of FOLR1-targeted imaging agents for cancer diagnosis and the use of folate conjugates to deliver cytotoxic agents to cancer cells that overexpress FOLR1. Therefore, we focus on the most recent developments in employing FOLR1 for cancer diagnosis and treatment in this review, particularly with regard to cancers that affect women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Varaganti
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517506, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Viswanath Buddolla
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517506, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Xie W, Patel DJ. Structure-based mechanisms of 2'3'-cGAMP intercellular transport in the cGAS-STING immune pathway. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:450-467. [PMID: 37147228 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon activation by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), the cytosolic dsDNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) synthesizes the diffusible cyclic dinucleotide 2'3'-cGAMP (cyclic GMP-AMP), which subsequently binds to the adaptor STING, triggering a cascade of events leading to an inflammatory response. Recent studies have highlighted the role of 2'3'-cGAMP as an 'immunotransmitter' between cells, a process facilitated by gap junctions as well as by specialized membrane-spanning importer and exporter channels. This review highlights recent advances from a structural perspective of intercellular trafficking of 2'3'-cGAMP, with particular emphasis on the binding of importer SLC19A1 to 2'3'-cGAMP, as well as the significance of associated folate nutrients and antifolate therapeutics. This provides a path forward for structure-guided understanding of the transport cycle in immunology, as well as for candidate targeting approaches towards therapeutic intervention in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311027, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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13
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Gök V, Erdem Ş, Haliloğlu Y, Bişgin A, Belkaya S, Başaran KE, Canatan MF, Özcan A, Yılmaz E, Acıpayam C, Karakükcü M, Canatan H, Per H, Patıroğlu T, Eken A, Ünal E. Immunodeficiency associated with a novel functionally defective variant of SLC19A1 benefits from folinic acid treatment. Genes Immun 2023; 24:12-20. [PMID: 36517554 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-022-00191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient dietary folate intake, hereditary malabsorption, or defects in folate transport may lead to combined immunodeficiency (CID). Although loss of function mutations in the major intestinal folate transporter PCFT/SLC46A1 was shown to be associated with CID, the evidence for pathogenic variants of RFC/SLC19A1 resulting in immunodeficiency was lacking. We report two cousins carrying a homozygous pathogenic variant c.1042 G > A, resulting in p.G348R substitution who showed symptoms of immunodeficiency associated with defects of folate transport. SLC19A1 expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was quantified by real-time qPCR and immunostaining. T cell proliferation, methotrexate resistance, NK cell cytotoxicity, Treg cells and cytokine production by T cells were examined by flow cytometric assays. Patients were treated with and benefited from folinic acid. Studies revealed normal NK cell cytotoxicity, Treg cell counts, and naive-memory T cell percentages. Although SLC19A1 mRNA and protein expression were unaltered, remarkably, mitogen induced-T cell proliferation was significantly reduced at suboptimal folic acid and supraoptimal folinic acid concentrations. In addition, patients' PBMCs were resistant to methotrexate-induced apoptosis supporting a functionally defective SLC19A1. This study presents the second pathogenic SLC19A1 variant in the literature, providing the first experimental evidence that functionally defective variants of SLC19A1 may present with symptoms of immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Gök
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Şerife Erdem
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Yeşim Haliloğlu
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Atıl Bişgin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Erdem Başaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | | | - Alper Özcan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Yılmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Can Acıpayam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
| | - Musa Karakükcü
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Halit Canatan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Per
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Türkan Patıroğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Eken
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye. .,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.
| | - Ekrem Ünal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye. .,Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye. .,Department of Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine, Health Science Institution, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.
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14
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Genetic aetiology of Down syndrome birth: novel variants of maternal DNMT3B and RFC1 genes increase risk of meiosis II nondisjunction in the oocyte. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:293-313. [PMID: 36447056 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to explore the intriguing association of maternal folate regulator gene polymorphisms and mutations with the incidence of chromosome 21 nondisjunction and Down syndrome birth. We tested polymorphisms/mutations of DNMT3B and RFC1 genes for their association with meiotic errors in oocyte among the 1215 Down syndrome child-bearing women and 900 controls. We observed that 23 out of 31 variants of DNMT3B and RFC1 exhibited an association with meiosis II nondisjunction in maternal age-independent manner. Additionally, we have reported 17 novel mutations and 1 novel polymorphic variant that are unique to the Indian Bengali speaking cohort and increased odds in favour of meiosis II nondisjunction. We hypothesize that the risk variants and mutations of DNMT3B and RFC1 genes may cause reduction in two or more recombination events and also cause peri-centromeric single exchange that increases the risk of nondisjunction at any age of women. In silico analyses predicted the probable damages of the transcripts or proteins from the respective genes owing to the said polymorphisms. These findings from the largest population sample tested ever revealed that mutations/polymorphisms of the genes DNMT3B and RFC1 impair recombination that leads to chromosome 21 nondisjunction in the oocyte at meiosis II stage and bring us a significant step closer towards understanding the aetiology of chromosome 21 nondisjunction and birth of a child with Down syndrome to women at any age.
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15
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Dang Y, Zhou D, Du X, Zhao H, Lee CH, Yang J, Wang Y, Qin C, Guo Z, Zhang Z. Molecular mechanism of substrate recognition by folate transporter SLC19A1. Cell Discov 2022; 8:141. [PMID: 36575193 PMCID: PMC9794768 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) is the coenzyme involved in one-carbon transfer biochemical reactions essential for cell survival and proliferation, with its inadequacy causing developmental defects or severe diseases. Notably, mammalian cells lack the ability to de novo synthesize folate but instead rely on its intake from extracellular sources via specific transporters or receptors, among which SLC19A1 is the ubiquitously expressed one in tissues. However, the mechanism of substrate recognition by SLC19A1 remains unclear. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of human SLC19A1 and its complex with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate at 3.5-3.6 Å resolution and elucidate the critical residues for substrate recognition. In particular, we reveal that two variant residues among SLC19 subfamily members designate the specificity for folate. Moreover, we identify intracellular thiamine pyrophosphate as the favorite coupled substrate for folate transport by SLC19A1. Together, this work establishes the molecular basis of substrate recognition by this central folate transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Present Address: Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtu Zhao
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Jing Yang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Changdong Qin
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Cryo-EM Platform, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxi Guo
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Cryo-EM Platform, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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16
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Choy C, Lim LY, Chan LW, Cui Z, Mao S, Wong TW. Exploring Intestinal Surface Receptors in Oral Nanoinsulin Delivery. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:962-983. [PMID: 36779351 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous and inhaled insulins are associated with needle phobia, lipohypertrophy, lipodystrophy, and cough in diabetes treatment. Oral nanoinsulin has been developed, reaping the physiologic benefits of peroral administration. This review profiles intestinal receptors exploitable in targeted delivery of oral nanoinsulin. Intestinal receptor targeting improves oral insulin bioavailability and sustains blood glucose-lowering response. Nonetheless, these studies are conducted in small animal models with no optimization of insulin dose, targeting ligand type and content, and physicochemical and molecular biologic characteristics of nanoparticles against the in vivo/clinical diabetes responses as a function of the intestinal receptor population characteristics with diabetes progression. The interactive effects between nanoinsulin and antidiabetic drugs on intestinal receptors, including their up-/downregulation, are uncertain. Sweet taste receptors upregulate SGLT-1, and both have an undefined role as new intestinal targets of nanoinsulin. Receptor targeting of oral nanoinsulin represents a viable approach that is relatively green, requiring an in-depth development of the relationship between receptors and their pathophysiological profiles with physicochemical attributes of the oral nanoinsulin. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Intestinal receptor targeting of oral nanoinsulin improves its bioavailability with sustained blood glucose-lowering response. Exploring new intestinal receptor and tailoring the design of oral nanoinsulin to the pathophysiological state of diabetic patients is imperative to raise the insulin performance to a comparable level as the injection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlynne Choy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Lai Wah Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Zhixiang Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Shirui Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
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17
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Wright NJ, Fedor JG, Zhang H, Jeong P, Suo Y, Yoo J, Hong J, Im W, Lee SY. Methotrexate recognition by the human reduced folate carrier SLC19A1. Nature 2022; 609:1056-1062. [PMID: 36071163 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Folates are essential nutrients with important roles as cofactors in one-carbon transfer reactions, being heavily utilized in the synthesis of nucleic acids and the metabolism of amino acids during cell division1,2. Mammals lack de novo folate synthesis pathways and thus rely on folate uptake from the extracellular milieu3. The human reduced folate carrier (hRFC, also known as SLC19A1) is the major importer of folates into the cell1,3, as well as chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate4-6. As an anion exchanger, RFC couples the import of folates and antifolates to anion export across the cell membrane and it is a major determinant in methotrexate (antifolate) sensitivity, as genetic variants and its depletion result in drug resistance4-8. Despite its importance, the molecular basis of substrate specificity by hRFC remains unclear. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of hRFC in the apo state and captured in complex with methotrexate. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations and functional experiments, our study uncovers key determinants of hRFC transport selectivity among folates and antifolate drugs while shedding light on important features of anion recognition by hRFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin G Fedor
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | | | - Yang Suo
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiho Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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18
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Zhan M, Sun Y, Zhou F, Wang H, Chen Z, Yan L, Li X. Population pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:265-273. [PMID: 35446233 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2069060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. This study aimed to identify physiological and pharmacogenomic covariates and develop a population pharmacokinetic model of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in Chinese pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and malignant lymphoma.2. A total 731 MTX courses and 1658 MTX plasm concentration from 205 pediatric patients with ALL and malignant lymphoma were analyzing using a nonlinear mixed-effects model technique. 47 SNPs in 16 MTX-related gene were genotyped and screened as covariates. A PPK model was established to determine the influence of covariates such as body surface area (BSA), age, laboratory test value, and SNPs on the pharmacokinetic process of HD-MTX.3. Two-compartmental model with allometric scaling using BSA could nicely characterize the in vivo behavior of HD-MTX. After accounting for body size, rs17004785 and rs4148416 were the covariates that influence MTX clearance (CL). The PPK model obtained was: CL =9.33 * (BSA/1.73) 0.75 * e0.13*rs17004785 * e0.39*rs4148416 * eηCL, Vc =24.98 * (BSA/1.73) * eηvc, Q = 0.18 * (BSA/1.73) 0.75 * eηQ and Vp =4.70 * (BSA/1.73) * eηvp.4. The established model combined with Bayesian approach could estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters and optimize personalized HD-MTX therapy for pediatric patients with ALL and malignant lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yiqi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Guangxi Liuzhou, 545001, China.,School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Lianzhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
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19
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Li HZ, Liu KG, Zeng NX, Wu XF, Lu WJ, Xu HF, Yan C, Wu LL. Luteolin Enhances Choroid Plexus 5-MTHF Brain Transport to Promote Hippocampal Neurogenesis in LOD Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826568. [PMID: 35401160 PMCID: PMC8993213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Folates, provided by food, are commonly used antidepressant synergists in late-onset depression (LOD). However, increased intake of folic acid in the elderly population might lead to the accumulation of unmetabolized folic acid in the systemic circulation, leading to enhanced deterioration of the central nervous system function. In addition, folates cannot access the brain directly because of the blood-brain barrier. Choroid plexus (CP) 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) brain transport plays a critical role in regulating the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-MTHF content. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid that has antidepressant effects and is involved in the anti-folate resistance pathway. It remains unclear whether the antidepressant effects of luteolin are associated with the CP 5-MTHF brain transport. In this study, 20-21-month-old Wistar rats were exposed to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol for 6 consecutive weeks to explore the long-term effects of luteolin on behavior, 5-MTHF levels, hippocampal neurogenesis, and folate brain transport of the CP. In vitro primary hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in media containing 10% CSF from each group of rats and choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs) cultured in media containing 20 μM luteolin were treated with 100 μM corticosterone and 40 mg/ml D-galactose. We found that aged rats exposed to CUMS showed a significantly reduced sucrose preference, decreased locomotion activity in the open field test and accuracy of the Morris water maze test, increased immobility time in the forced swimming test, accelerated dysfunctional neurogenesis and neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus of LOD rats, as well as decreased CSF and hippocampus 5-MTHF levels, and zona occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), and reduced folate carrier (RFC) protein levels. In vitro assays showed media containing 10% aged CSF or LOD+ Luteolin-CSF significantly increased the viability of CORT + D-gal-injured NSCs and alleviated dysfunctional neurogenesis and neuronal loss compared with the CORT + D-gal medium. However, media containing 10% LOD-CSF had no such effect. In the meantime, induction of CORT + D-gal significantly decreased the ZO-1, PCFT, RFC, and folate receptor alpha (FR-α) protein levels and transepithelial electrical resistance in rat CPECs. As expected, luteolin treatment was effective in improving these abnormal changes. These findings suggested that luteolin could ameliorate CUMS-induced LOD-like behaviors by enhancing the folate brain transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhen Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Ge Liu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning-Xi Zeng
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Lu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Fang Xu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Newstead S. Structural basis for recognition and transport of folic acid in mammalian cells. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 74:102353. [PMID: 35303537 PMCID: PMC7612623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural studies on mammalian vitamin transport lag behind other metabolites. Folates, also known as B9 vitamins, are essential cofactors in one-carbon transfer reactions in biology. Three different systems control folate uptake in the human body; folate receptors function to capture and internalise extracellular folates via endocytosis, whereas two major facilitator superfamily transporters, the reduced folate carrier (RFC; SLC19A1) and proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT; SLC46A1) control the transport of folates across cellular membranes. Targeting specific folate transporters is being pursued as a route to developing new antifolates with improved pharmacology. Recent structures of the proton-coupled folate transporter, PCFT, revealed key insights into antifolate recognition and the mechanism of proton-coupled transport. Combined with previously determined structures of folate receptors and new predictions for the structure of the RFC, we are now able to develop a structure-based understanding of folate and antifolate recognition to accelerate efforts in antifolate drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Newstead
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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21
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Schicker K, Farr CV, Boytsov D, Freissmuth M, Sandtner W. Optimizing the Substrate Uptake Rate of Solute Carriers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:817886. [PMID: 35185619 PMCID: PMC8850955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.817886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity in solute carriers arose from evolutionary pressure. Here, we surmised that the adaptive search for optimizing the rate of substrate translocation was also shaped by the ambient extracellular and intracellular concentrations of substrate and co-substrate(s). We explored possible solutions by employing kinetic models, which were based on analytical expressions of the substrate uptake rate, that is, as a function of the microscopic rate constants used to parameterize the transport cycle. We obtained the defining terms for five reaction schemes with identical transport stoichiometry (i.e., Na+: substrate = 2:1). We then utilized an optimization algorithm to find the set of numeric values for the microscopic rate constants, which provided the largest value for the substrate uptake rate: The same optimized rate was achieved by different sets of numerical values for the microscopic rate constants. An in-depth analysis of these sets provided the following insights: (i) In the presence of a low extracellular substrate concentration, a transporter can only cycle at a high rate, if it has low values for both, the Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) for substrate and the maximal substrate uptake rate (Vmax). (ii) The opposite is true for a transporter operating at high extracellular substrate concentrations. (iii) Random order of substrate and co-substrate binding is superior to sequential order, if a transporter is to maintain a high rate of substrate uptake in the presence of accumulating intracellular substrate. Our kinetic models provide a framework to understand how and why the transport cycles of closely related transporters differ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Walter Sandtner
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Second Messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP):Synthesis, transmission, and degradation. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114934. [PMID: 35104477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses foreign DNA to produce 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP). 2'3'-cGAMP is a second messenger that binds and activates the adaptor protein STING, which triggers the innate immune response. As a STING agonist, the small molecule 2'3'-cGAMP plays pivotal roles in antiviral defense and has adjuvant applications, and anti-tumor effects. 2'3'-cGAMP and its analogs are thus putative targets for immunotherapy and are currently being testedin clinical trials to treat solid tumors. However, several barriers to further development have emerged from these studies, such as evidence of immune and inflammatory side-effects, poor pharmacokinetics, and undesirable biodistribution. Here, we review the status of 2'3'-cGAMP research and outline the role of 2'3'-cGAMP in immune signaling, adjuvant applications, and cancer immunotherapy, as well as various 2'3'-cGAMP detection methods.
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23
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Lionaki E, Ploumi C, Tavernarakis N. One-Carbon Metabolism: Pulling the Strings behind Aging and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020214. [PMID: 35053330 PMCID: PMC8773781 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a network of biochemical reactions delivering one-carbon units to various biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and methionine cycle are the two key modules of this network that regulate purine and thymidine synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, and epigenetic mechanisms. Intersection with the transsulfuration pathway supports glutathione production and regulation of the cellular redox state. Dietary intake of micronutrients, such as folates and amino acids, directly contributes to OCM, thereby adapting the cellular metabolic state to environmental inputs. The contribution of OCM to cellular proliferation during development and in adult proliferative tissues is well established. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence reveals the pivotal role of OCM in cellular homeostasis of non-proliferative tissues and in coordination of signaling cascades that regulate energy homeostasis and longevity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on OCM and related pathways and discuss how this metabolic network may impact longevity and neurodegeneration across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Christina Ploumi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-391069
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24
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de Lima NS, da Costa CCP, Assunção LDP, Santos KDF, Bento DDCP, da Silva Reis AA, Santos RDS. One-carbon metabolism pathway genes and their non-association with the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:620-627. [PMID: 34994003 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although of unknown etiology, some mechanisms associated with the metabolic cycle of folate are speculated to be related to the genesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the role of genetic polymorphisms rs1051266 in SLC19A1 gene and rs1805087 in MTR gene and their associations with ALS development. A case-control study was conducted with 101 individuals with ALS and 119 individuals without diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, from the Brazilian central population. The polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The results showed no statistically significant differences, even when genotypes were analyzed by the dominant, recessive, codominant, and overdominant inheritance models. It was observed a statistical significance relating alcohol consumption with individuals in the case group (p = 0.01). Therefore, the need for more studies to evaluate the influence of genetic variants is highlighted, seeking to provide information on the etiopathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane S de Lima
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil
| | - Caroline C P da Costa
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil
| | - Leandro do P Assunção
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil
| | - Kamilla de F Santos
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil
| | - Dhiogo da C P Bento
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil.,Neuromuscular Disease Clinic, Rehabilitation and Readaptation Medical Center Dr. Henrique Santillo (CRER), Goiânia-GO, Brazil
| | - Angela A da Silva Reis
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da S Santos
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil
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25
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Hasegawa H, Kondo M, Nakayama K, Okuno T, Itoh N, Konishi M. Testicular Hypoplasia with Normal Fertility in Neudesin-Knockout Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1791-1797. [PMID: 36450531 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Neudesin is a secretory protein involved in the brain development during embryonic period and diet-induced development of adipose tissue. Although neudesin is also expressed in the testis, its physiological functions in the testis have not been documented. Therefore, we examined neudesin-encoding neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (Nenf) gene-knockout (Neudesin-KO) mice to clarify the functions of neudesin in the testis. The testicular size of the Neudesin-KO mice was significantly smaller than that of wild-type (WT) mice. However, histological analyses did not reveal any abnormalities in the testis, caput epididymis, and cauda epididymis. Sperm number in the cauda epididymis was comparable between WT and KO mice. Neudesin-KO male mice produced vaginal plugs on paired WT female mice, with a frequency similar to that in WT male mice. A similar number of embryos were developed in the females copulated with WT and Neudesin-KO males. Molecular analysis indicated that the ion transporters Slc19a1 and Kcnk3 were more expressed in the testis of Neudesin-KO mice than in the testis of WT mice, suggesting that the transport of ions and some nutrients in the testis has some abnormalities. Testicular size decreased on postnatal day 6, but not on the day of birth, indicating that neudesin is involved in the postnatal, but not embryonic, development of testis. These results indicate a novel role of neudesin in the development of testis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Kondo
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kei Nakayama
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomoko Okuno
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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26
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Dhiman P, Pillai RR, Wilson AB, Premkumar N, Bharadwaj B, Veena P, Rajendiran S. Genetic polymorphisms of vitamin B12 and folate transporter proteins and depression in postpartum period: A case-control study. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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27
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Chawla P, Teli G, Gill RK, Narang RK. An Insight into Synthetic Strategies and Recent Developments of Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga Punjab India
- Pooja Chawla Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga 142001 Punjab India
| | - Ghanshyam Teli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga Punjab India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga Punjab India
| | - Raj Kumar Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy Moga Punjab India
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28
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Papalazarou V, Maddocks ODK. Supply and demand: Cellular nutrient uptake and exchange in cancer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3731-3748. [PMID: 34547236 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient supply and demand delineate cell behavior in health and disease. Mammalian cells have developed multiple strategies to secure the necessary nutrients that fuel their metabolic needs. This is more evident upon disruption of homeostasis in conditions such as cancer, when cells display high proliferation rates in energetically challenging conditions where nutritional sources may be scarce. Here, we summarize the main routes of nutrient acquisition that fuel mammalian cells and their implications in tumorigenesis. We argue that the molecular mechanisms of nutrient acquisition not only tip the balance between nutrient supply and demand but also determine cell behavior upon nutrient limitation and energetic stress and contribute to nutrient partitioning and metabolic coordination between different cell types in inflamed or tumorigenic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Papalazarou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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29
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Barron K, Ogretmen B, Krupenko N. Ceramide synthase 6 mediates sex-specific metabolic response to dietary folic acid in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108832. [PMID: 34358645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid-fortified foods and multi-vitamin supplements containing folic acid (FA) are widely used around the world, but the exact mechanisms/metabolic effects of FA are not precisely identified. We have demonstrated that Ceramide Synthase 6 (CerS6) and C16:0-ceramide mediate response to folate stress in cultured cells. Here we investigated the dietary FA effects on mouse liver metabolome, with a specific focus on sphingolipids, CerS6 and C16:0-ceramide. Wild-type and CerS6-/- mice were fed FA-deficient, control, or FA over-supplemented diets for 4 weeks. After dietary treatment, liver concentrations of ceramides, sphingomyelins and hexosylceramides were measured by LC-MS/MS and complemented by untargeted metabolomic characterization of mouse livers. Our study shows that alterations in dietary FA elicit multiple sphingolipid responses mediated by CerS6 in mouse livers. Folic acid-deficient diet elevated C14:0-, C18:0- and C20:0- but not C16:0-ceramide in WT male and female mice. Additionally, FA over-supplementation increased multiple sphingomyelin species, including total sphingomyelins, in both sexes. Of note, concentrations of C14:0- and C16:0-ceramides and hexosylceramides were significantly higher in female livers than in male. The latter were increased by FD diet, with no difference between sexes in total pools of these sphingolipid classes. Untargeted liver metabolomic analysis concurred with the targeted measurements and showed broad effects of dietary FA and CerS6 status on multiple lipid classes including sex-specific effects on phosphatidylethanolamines and diacylglycerols. Our study demonstrates that both dietary FA and CerS6 status exhibit pleiotropic and sex-dependent effects on liver metabolism, including hepatic sphingolipids, diacylglycerols, long chain fatty acids, and phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Barron
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Natalia Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina,; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,.
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30
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Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080710. [PMID: 34442354 PMCID: PMC8398778 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate deficiency and folate receptor autoimmune disorder are major contributors to infertility, pregnancy related complications and abnormal fetal development including structural and functional abnormalities of the brain. Food fortification and prenatal folic acid supplementation has reduced the incidence of neural tube defect (NTD) pregnancies but is unlikely to prevent pregnancy-related complications in the presence of folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAb). In pregnancy, these autoantibodies can block folate transport to the fetus and in young children, folate transport to the brain. These antibodies are prevalent in neural tube defect pregnancies and in developmental disorders such as cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the latter conditions, folinic acid treatment has shown clinical improvement in some of the core ASD deficits. Early testing for folate receptor autoantibodies and intervention is likely to result in a positive outcome. This review discusses the first identification of FRAb in women with a history of neural tube defect pregnancy and FRAb’s association with sub-fertility and preterm birth. Autoantibodies against folate receptor alpha (FRα) are present in about 70% of the children with a diagnosis of ASD, and a significant number of these children respond to oral folinic acid with overall improvements in speech, language and social interaction. The diagnosis of folate receptor autoimmune disorder by measuring autoantibodies against FRα in the serum provides a marker with the potential for treatment and perhaps preventing the pathologic consequences of folate receptor autoimmune disorder.
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31
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Hepatotoxic potentials of methotrexate: Understanding the possible toxicological molecular mechanisms. Toxicology 2021; 458:152840. [PMID: 34175381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most effective and widely used drugs in the management of autoimmune and dermatological diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis patients who are under long term MTX-therapy are at high risk of developing a liver injury. Accumulation of intracellular MTX-polyglutamate (MTX-PG), a metabolite of MTX triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and apoptosis in hepatocytes. MTX-PG causes oxidative stress in the liver by inducing lipid peroxidation thereby releasing reactive oxygen species and suppressing antioxidant response elements. MTX-PG induces several pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa B and interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL- β1, IL-12. MTX-PG depletes hepatic folate level and decreases RNA and DNA synthesis leading to hepatocyte death. MTX-PG inhibits 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase enzyme and thereby causes accumulation of intracellular adenosine, which causes activation of hepatic stellate cells, extracellular matrix accumulation and hepatic fibrosis. MTX-PG induces hepatocytes apoptosis by activation of caspase 3 via the intrinsic pathway. Clinically, aggravation of underlying fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis seems to be an important mechanism of liver injury in MTX-treated RA patients. Therefore, there is a need for monitoring liver injury in RA, psoriatic and cancer patients with NAFLD and fibrosis risk factors during MTX treatment. This review summarizes the possible molecular mechanism of MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. It may pave the way for early detection of liver injury and develop novel strategies for treating MTX mediated hepatotoxicity.
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32
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Shulpekova Y, Nechaev V, Kardasheva S, Sedova A, Kurbatova A, Bueverova E, Kopylov A, Malsagova K, Dlamini JC, Ivashkin V. The Concept of Folic Acid in Health and Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123731. [PMID: 34207319 PMCID: PMC8235569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Folates have a pterine core structure and high metabolic activity due to their ability to accept electrons and react with O-, S-, N-, C-bounds. Folates play a role as cofactors in essential one-carbon pathways donating methyl-groups to choline phospholipids, creatine, epinephrine, DNA. Compounds similar to folates are ubiquitous and have been found in different animals, plants, and microorganisms. Folates enter the body from the diet and are also synthesized by intestinal bacteria with consequent adsorption from the colon. Three types of folate and antifolate cellular transporters have been found, differing in tissue localization, substrate affinity, type of transferring, and optimal pH for function. Laboratory criteria of folate deficiency are accepted by WHO. Severe folate deficiencies, manifesting in early life, are seen in hereditary folate malabsorption and cerebral folate deficiency. Acquired folate deficiency is quite common and is associated with poor diet and malabsorption, alcohol consumption, obesity, and kidney failure. Given the observational data that folates have a protective effect against neural tube defects, ischemic events, and cancer, food folic acid fortification was introduced in many countries. However, high physiological folate concentrations and folate overload may increase the risk of impaired brain development in embryogenesis and possess a growth advantage for precancerous altered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Shulpekova
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Vladimir Nechaev
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Svetlana Kardasheva
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Alla Sedova
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Anastasia Kurbatova
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Elena Bueverova
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Arthur Kopylov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Kristina Malsagova
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-764-9878
| | | | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
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Wang Y, Huang J, Wu Q, Zhang J, Ma Z, Zhu L, Xia B, Ma S, Zhang S. Decitabine Sensitizes the Radioresistant Lung Adenocarcinoma to Pemetrexed Through Upregulation of Folate Receptor Alpha. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668798. [PMID: 34079760 PMCID: PMC8165306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the backbone of subsequent treatment for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibiting radiation resistance, and pemetrexed plays a critical role in this chemotherapy. However, few studies have assessed changes in the sensitivity of LUAD cells to pemetrexed under radioresistant circumstances. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to delineate changes in the sensitivity of radioresistant LUAD cells to pemetrexed and to elucidate the related mechanisms and then develop an optimal strategy to improve the cytotoxicity of pemetrexed in radioresistant LUAD cells. Our study showed a much lower efficacy of pemetrexed in radioresistant cells than in parental cells, and the mechanism of action was the significant downregulation of folate receptor alpha (FRα) by long-term fractionated radiotherapy, which resulted in less cellular pemetrexed accumulation. Interestingly, decitabine effectively reversed the decrease in FRα expression in radioresistant cells through an indirect regulatory approach. Thereafter, we designed a combination therapy of pemetrexed and decitabine and showed that the activation of FRα by decitabine sensitizes radioresistant LUAD cells to pemetrexed both in vitro and in xenografts. Our findings raised a question regarding the administration of pemetrexed to patients with LUAD exhibiting acquired radioresistance and accordingly suggested that a combination of pemetrexed and decitabine would be a promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- The Fourth College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lucheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cancer Medical Center, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pizzagalli MD, Bensimon A, Superti‐Furga G. A guide to plasma membrane solute carrier proteins. FEBS J 2021; 288:2784-2835. [PMID: 32810346 PMCID: PMC8246967 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to serve as an introduction to the solute carrier proteins (SLC) superfamily of transporter proteins and their roles in human cells. The SLC superfamily currently includes 458 transport proteins in 65 families that carry a wide variety of substances across cellular membranes. While members of this superfamily are found throughout cellular organelles, this review focuses on transporters expressed at the plasma membrane. At the cell surface, SLC proteins may be viewed as gatekeepers of the cellular milieu, dynamically responding to different metabolic states. With altered metabolism being one of the hallmarks of cancer, we also briefly review the roles that surface SLC proteins play in the development and progression of cancer through their influence on regulating metabolism and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D. Pizzagalli
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Ariel Bensimon
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Giulio Superti‐Furga
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Center for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaAustria
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Wallace-Povirk A, Tong N, Wong-Roushar J, O'Connor C, Zhou X, Hou Z, Bao X, Garcia GE, Li J, Kim S, Dann CE, Matherly LH, Gangjee A. Discovery of 6-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogs as dual inhibitors of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase in de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis in folate receptor expressing human tumors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 37:116093. [PMID: 33773393 PMCID: PMC8058616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We discovered 6-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds (3-9) with 3-4 bridge carbons and side-chain thiophene or furan rings for dual targeting one-carbon (C1) metabolism in folate receptor- (FR) expressing cancers. Synthesis involved nine steps starting from the bromo-aryl carboxylate. From patterns of growth inhibition toward Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing FRα or FRβ, the proton-coupled folate transporter or reduced folate carrier, specificity for uptake by FRs was confirmed. Anti-proliferative activities were demonstrated toward FRα-expressing KB tumor cells and NCI-IGROV1 ovarian cancer cells. Inhibition of de novo purine biosynthesis at both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFTase) was confirmed by metabolite rescue, metabolomics and enzyme assays. X-ray crystallographic structures were obtained with compounds 3-5 and human GARFTase. Our studies identify first-in-class C1 inhibitors with selective uptake by FRs and dual inhibition of enzyme targets in de novo purine biosynthesis, resulting in anti-tumor activity. This series affords an exciting new platform for selective multi-targeted anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne Wallace-Povirk
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Nian Tong
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | | | - Carrie O'Connor
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Xilin Zhou
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Xun Bao
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Gloria E Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Charles E Dann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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O'Connor C, Wallace-Povirk A, Ning C, Frühauf J, Tong N, Gangjee A, Matherly LH, Hou Z. Folate transporter dynamics and therapy with classic and tumor-targeted antifolates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6389. [PMID: 33737637 PMCID: PMC7973545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There are three major folate uptake systems in human tissues and tumors, including the reduced folate carrier (RFC), folate receptors (FRs) and proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT). We studied the functional interrelationships among these systems for the novel tumor-targeted antifolates AGF94 (transported by PCFT and FRs but not RFC) and AGF102 (selective for FRs) versus the classic antifolates pemetrexed, methotrexate and PT523 (variously transported by FRs, PCFT and RFC). We engineered HeLa cell models to express FRα or RFC under control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter with or without constitutive PCFT. We showed that cellular accumulations of extracellular folates were determined by the type and levels of the major folate transporters, with PCFT and RFC prevailing over FRα, depending on expression levels and pH. Based on patterns of cell proliferation in the presence of the inhibitors, we established transport redundancy for RFC and PCFT in pemetrexed uptake, and for PCFT and FRα in AGF94 uptake; uptake by PCFT predominated for pemetrexed and FRα for AGF94. For methotrexate and PT523, uptake by RFC predominated even in the presence of PCFT or FRα. For both classic (methotrexate, PT523) and FRα-targeted (AGF102) antifolates, anti-proliferative activities were antagonized by PCFT, likely due to its robust activity in mediating folate accumulation. Collectively, our findings describe a previously unrecognized interplay among the major folate transport systems that depends on transporter levels and extracellular pH, and that determines their contributions to the uptake and anti-tumor efficacies of targeted and untargeted antifolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie O'Connor
- Departments of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Adrianne Wallace-Povirk
- Departments of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Changwen Ning
- Departments of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Josephine Frühauf
- Departments of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nian Tong
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Departments of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Departments of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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37
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Studying Proton Gradients Across the Nuclear Envelope. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2175:47-63. [PMID: 32681483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0763-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The existence of nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear envelope has led to the assumption that ions move freely from the cytosol into the nucleus, and that the molecular mechanisms at the plasma membrane that regulate cytosolic pH also regulate nuclear pH. Furthermore, studies to measure pH in the nucleus have produced contradictory results, since it has been found that the nuclear pH is either similar to the cytosol or more alkaline than the cytosol. However, most studies of nuclear pH have lacked the rigor needed to understand pH regulation in the nucleus. A major problem has been the lack of in situ titrations in the nucleus and cytosol, since the intracellular environment is different in the cytosol and nucleus and the behavior of fluorescent pH probes is different in these environments. Here we present a method that uses the fluorescence of SNARF-1 that labels both cytosol and nucleus. Using ratio imaging microscopy, regions of interest corresponding to the nucleus and cytosol to perform steady-state pH measurements followed by in situ titrations, to correctly assign pH in those cellular domains.
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Marverti G, Marraccini C, Martello A, D'Arca D, Pacifico S, Guerrini R, Spyrakis F, Gozzi G, Lauriola A, Santucci M, Cannazza G, Tagliazucchi L, Cazzato AS, Losi L, Ferrari S, Ponterini G, Costi MP. Folic Acid-Peptide Conjugates Combine Selective Cancer Cell Internalization with Thymidylate Synthase Dimer Interface Targeting. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3204-3221. [PMID: 33710891 PMCID: PMC8041318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug-target interaction, cellular internalization, and target engagement should be addressed to design a lead with high chances of success in further optimization stages. Accordingly, we have designed conjugates of folic acid with anticancer peptides able to bind human thymidylate synthase (hTS) and enter cancer cells through folate receptor α (FRα) highly expressed by several cancer cells. Mechanistic analyses and molecular modeling simulations have shown that these conjugates bind the hTS monomer-monomer interface with affinities over 20 times larger than the enzyme active site. When tested on several cancer cell models, these conjugates exhibited FRα selectivity at nanomolar concentrations. A similar selectivity was observed when the conjugates were delivered in synergistic or additive combinations with anticancer agents. At variance with 5-fluorouracil and other anticancer drugs that target the hTS catalytic pocket, these conjugates do not induce overexpression of this protein and can thus help combating drug resistance associated with high hTS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Marverti
- Department Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Marraccini
- Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Martello
- Department Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Arca
- Department Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gaia Gozzi
- Department Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Lauriola
- Department Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Santucci
- Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tagliazucchi
- Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Lorena Losi
- Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferrari
- Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Glauco Ponterini
- Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria P Costi
- Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Lee WD, Pirona AC, Sarvin B, Stern A, Nevo-Dinur K, Besser E, Sarvin N, Lagziel S, Mukha D, Raz S, Aizenshtein E, Shlomi T. Tumor Reliance on Cytosolic versus Mitochondrial One-Carbon Flux Depends on Folate Availability. Cell Metab 2021; 33:190-198.e6. [PMID: 33326752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Folate metabolism supplies one-carbon (1C) units for biosynthesis and methylation and has long been a target for cancer chemotherapy. Mitochondrial serine catabolism is considered the sole contributor of folate-mediated 1C units in proliferating cancer cells. Here, we show that under physiological folate levels in the cell environment, cytosolic serine-hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1) is the predominant source of 1C units in a variety of cancers, while mitochondrial 1C flux is overly repressed. Tumor-specific reliance on cytosolic 1C flux is associated with poor capacity to retain intracellular folates, which is determined by the expression of SLC19A1, which encodes the reduced folate carrier (RFC). We show that silencing SHMT1 in cells with low RFC expression impairs pyrimidine biosynthesis and tumor growth in vivo. Overall, our findings reveal major diversity in cancer cell utilization of the cytosolic versus mitochondrial folate cycle across tumors and SLC19A1 expression as a marker for increased reliance on SHMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Dong Lee
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel; Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Anna Chiara Pirona
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel; Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Faculty of Bioscience, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Boris Sarvin
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Stern
- Faculty of Computer Science, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Shoval Lagziel
- Faculty of Computer Science, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Shachar Raz
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Elina Aizenshtein
- Lokey Center for Life Science and Engineering, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Shlomi
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel; Faculty of Computer Science, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel; Lokey Center for Life Science and Engineering, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel.
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Xiao S, Mou Z, Fan D, Zhou H, Zou M, Zou Y, Zhou C, Yang R, Liu J, Zhu S, Li Y, Liu Y, Liu F, Wang W, Zeng B, Li H, Wang D, Liu H. Genome of Tetraploid Fish Schizothorax o'connori Provides Insights into Early Re-diploidization and High-Altitude Adaptation. iScience 2020; 23:101497. [PMID: 32905880 PMCID: PMC7486454 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) of Schizothoracinae are believed to have played a significant role in speciation and environmental adaptation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Here, we present a genome for Schizothorax o'connori, a QTP endemic fish and showed the species as a young tetraploid with a recent WGD later than ∼1.23 mya. We exhibited that massive insertions between duplicated genomes caused by transposon bursts could induce mutagenesis in adjacent sequences and alter the expression of neighboring genes, representing an early re-diploidization process in a polyploid genome after WGD. Meanwhile, we found that many genes involved in DNA repair and folate transport/metabolism experienced natural selection and might contribute to the environmental adaptation of this species. Therefore, the S. o'connori genome could serve as a young tetraploid model for investigations of early re-diploidization in polyploid genomes and offers an invaluable genetic resource for environmental adaptation studies of the endemic fish of the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Xiao
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenbo Mou
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Dingding Fan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - He Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaowei Zhou
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruibin Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shilin Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Wanliang Wang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Benhe Zeng
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Hong Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
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Folate Insufficiency Due to MTHFR Deficiency Is Bypassed by 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092836. [PMID: 32887268 PMCID: PMC7564482 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate levels of folates are essential for homeostasis of the organism, prevention of congenital malformations, and the salvage of predisposed disease states. They depend on genetic predisposition, and therefore, a pharmacogenetic approach to individualized supplementation or therapeutic intervention is necessary for an optimal outcome. The role of folates in vital cell processes was investigated by translational pharmacogenetics employing lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Depriving cells of folates led to reversible S-phase arrest. Since 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of an active folate form, we evaluated the relevance of polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene on intracellular levels of bioactive metabolite, the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF). LCLs (n = 35) were divided into low- and normal-MTHFR activity groups based on their genotype. They were cultured in the presence of folic acid (FA) or 5-Me-THF. Based on the cells’ metabolic activity and intracellular 5-Me-THF levels, we conclude supplementation of FA is sufficient to maintain adequate folate level in the normal MTHFR activity group, while low MTHFR activity cells require 5-Me-THF to overcome the metabolic defects caused by polymorphisms in their MTHFR genes. This finding was supported by the determination of intracellular levels of 5-Me-THF in cell lysates by LC-MS/MS. FA supplementation resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in 5-Me-THF in cells with normal MTHFR activity, but there was no increase after FA supplementation in low MTHFR activity cells. However, when LCLs were exposed to 5-Me-THF, a 10-fold increase in intracellular levels of this metabolite was determined. These findings indicate that patients undergoing folate supplementation to counteract anti-folate therapies, or patients with increased folate demand, would benefit from pharmacogenetics-based therapy choices.
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Uebanso T, Shimohata T, Mawatari K, Takahashi A. Functional Roles of B‐Vitamins in the Gut and Gut Microbiome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000426. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima 770–8503 Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimohata
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima 770–8503 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima 770–8503 Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima 770–8503 Japan
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Dihydrofolate Reductase Is a Valid Target for Antifungal Development in the Human Pathogen Candida albicans. mSphere 2020; 5:5/3/e00374-20. [PMID: 32581079 PMCID: PMC7316490 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00374-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The folate biosynthetic pathway is a promising and understudied source for novel antifungals. Even dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a well-characterized and historically important drug target, has not been conclusively validated as an antifungal target. Here, we demonstrate that repression of DHFR inhibits growth of Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen. Methotrexate, an antifolate, also inhibits growth but through pH-dependent activity. In addition, we show that C. albicans has a limited ability to take up or utilize exogenous folates as only the addition of high concentrations of folinic acid restored growth in the presence of methotrexate. Finally, we show that repression of DHFR in a mouse model of infection was sufficient to eliminate host mortality. Our work conclusively establishes DHFR as a valid antifungal target in C. albicans. While the folate biosynthetic pathway has provided a rich source of antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and anticancer therapies, it has not yet been exploited to develop uniquely antifungal agents. Although there have been attempts to develop fungal-specific inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), the protein itself has not been unequivocally validated as essential for fungal growth or virulence. The purpose of this study was to establish dihydrofolate reductase as a valid antifungal target. Using a strain with doxycycline-repressible transcription of DFR1 (PTETO-DFR1 strain), we were able to demonstrate that Dfr1p is essential for growth in vitro. Furthermore, nutritional supplements of most forms of folate are not sufficient to restore growth when Dfr1p expression is suppressed or when its activity is directly inhibited by methotrexate, indicating that Candida albicans has a limited capacity to acquire or utilize exogenous sources of folate. Finally, the PTETO-DFR1 strain was rendered avirulent in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis upon doxycycline treatment. Collectively, these results confirm the validity of targeting dihydrofolate reductase and, by inference, other enzymes in the folate biosynthetic pathway as a strategy to devise new and efficacious therapies to combat life-threatening invasive fungal infections. IMPORTANCE The folate biosynthetic pathway is a promising and understudied source for novel antifungals. Even dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a well-characterized and historically important drug target, has not been conclusively validated as an antifungal target. Here, we demonstrate that repression of DHFR inhibits growth of Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen. Methotrexate, an antifolate, also inhibits growth but through pH-dependent activity. In addition, we show that C. albicans has a limited ability to take up or utilize exogenous folates as only the addition of high concentrations of folinic acid restored growth in the presence of methotrexate. Finally, we show that repression of DHFR in a mouse model of infection was sufficient to eliminate host mortality. Our work conclusively establishes DHFR as a valid antifungal target in C. albicans.
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Maksimovic V, Pavlovic-Popovic Z, Vukmirovic S, Cvejic J, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H, Mikov M, Golocorbin-Kon S. Molecular mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties of methotrexate. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4699-4708. [PMID: 32415503 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1945, methotrexate has become a standard therapy for number of diseases, including oncological, inflammatory and pulmonary ones. Major physiological interactions of methotrexate include folate pathway, adenosine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and cytokines. Methotrexate is used in treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis as a second line therapy and is drug of choice in patients who are not candidates for corticosteroid therapy, with recommended starting weekly dose of 5-15 mg. Number of studies dealt with methotrexate use in rheumatoid arthritis and oncological patients. Authors are conducting research on oral methotrexate use and pharmacokinetics in chronic sarcoidosis patients and have performed literature research to better understand molecular mechanisms of methotrexate action as well as high level pharmacokinetic considerations. Polyglutamation of methotrexate affects its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and prolongs its effect. Bile excretion plays significant role due to extensive enterohepatic recirculation, although majority of methotrexate is excreted through urine. Better understanding of its pharmacokinetic properties in sarcoidosis patients warrant optimizing therapy when corticosteroids are contraindicated in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maksimovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Z Pavlovic-Popovic
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sremska Kamenica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - S Vukmirovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - J Cvejic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - A Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - H Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - M Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - S Golocorbin-Kon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Wang SM, Li M, Wu WS, Sun LL, Yan D. Methylation analysis of the SLC19A1 promoter region in Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45:646-651. [PMID: 32403197 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1), which is encoded by the human solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1) gene, plays an essential role in the cellular uptake of methotrexate (MTX). RFC1 expression is regulated by genetic variations and epigenetic modifications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the methylation status of the SLC19A1 promoter in peripheral blood and its association with MTX levels and toxicities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). METHODS Serum MTX concentrations were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Methylation quantification for SLC19A1 promoter region #17 was performed by Sequenom MassARRAY in 52 paediatric ALL patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Overall, the investigated region of the SLC19A1 promoter was in a hypermethylated state. No significant associations were detected between the methylation levels of six CpG units in the SLC19A1 promoter region #17 and clinical parameters of patients with ALL, including sex, age, immunotype and risk stratification. The methylation level of CpG_10 showed a significant positive correlation with MTX 24 hours after the initiation of infusion. No significant differences in the methylation levels of six CpG units were observed between patients with and without MTX toxicities. Due to the small sample size of this study, there was a high chance of false-positive results. A large-scale study would be required to confirm these preliminary results. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Our preliminary results suggested the hypermethylated status of the SLC19A1 promoter in children with ALL. The methylation levels of the SLC19A1 promoter might affect MTX exposure. These findings have implications for the mechanisms underlying the variability of MTX responses in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China.,International Cooperation & Joint Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Shui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China.,International Cooperation & Joint Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China
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Golani LK, Islam F, O'Connor C, Dekhne AS, Hou Z, Matherly LH, Gangjee A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine as tumor-targeting agents with selectivity for tumor uptake by high affinity folate receptors over the reduced folate carrier. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115544. [PMID: 32503687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine benzoyl compounds based on 2 were isosterically modified at the 4-carbon bridge by replacing the vicinal (C11) carbon by heteroatoms N (4), O (5) or S (6), or with an N-substituted formyl (7), trifluoroacetyl (8) or acetyl (9). Replacement with sulfur (6) afforded the most potent KB tumor cell inhibitor, ~6-fold better than the parent 2. In addition, 6 retained tumor transport selectivity via folate receptor (FR) α and -β over the ubiquitous reduced folate carrier (RFC). FRα-mediated cell inhibition for 6 was generally equivalent to 2, while the FRβ-mediated activity was improved by 16-fold over 2. N (4) and O (5) substitutions afforded similar tumor cell inhibitions as 2, with selectivity for FRα and -β over RFC. The N-substituted analogs 7-9 also preserved transport selectivity for FRα and -β over RFC. For FRα-expressing CHO cells, potencies were in the order of 8 > 7 > 9. Whereas 8 and 9 showed similar results with FRβ-expressing CHO cells, 7 was ~16-fold more active than 2. By nucleoside rescue experiments, all the compounds inhibited de novo purine biosynthesis, likely at the step catalyzed by glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase. Thus, heteroatom replacements of the CH2 in the bridge of 2 afford analogs with increased tumor cell inhibition that could provide advantages over 2, as well as tumor transport selectivity over clinically used antifolates including methotrexate and pemetrexed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit K Golani
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
| | - Farhana Islam
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Carrie O'Connor
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Aamod S Dekhne
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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Pharmacogenomic Markers of Methotrexate Response in the Consolidation Phase of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040468. [PMID: 32344632 PMCID: PMC7230684 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the staples of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. MTX targets the folate metabolic pathway (FMP). Abnormal function of the enzymes in FMP, due to genetic aberrations, leads to adverse drug reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate variants in pharmacogenes involved in FMP and their association with MTX pharmacokinetics (MTX elimination profile) and toxicity in the consolidation therapy phase of pediatric ALL patients. Eleven variants in the thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), SLC19A1 and SLCO1B genes were analyzed in 148 patients, using PCR- and sequencing-based methodology. For the Serbian and European control groups, data on allele frequency distribution were extracted from in-house and public databases. Our results show that the A allele of SLC19A1 c.80 variant contributes to slow MTX elimination. Additionally, the AA genotype of the same variant is a predictor of MTX-related hepatotoxicity. Patients homozygous for TYMS 6bp deletion were more likely to experience gastrointestinal toxicity. No allele frequency dissimilarity was found for the analyzed variants between Serbian and European populations. Statistical modelling did not show a joint effect of analyzed variants. Our results indicate that SLC19A1 c.80 variant and TYMS 6bp deletion are the most promising pharmacogenomic markers of MTX response in pediatric ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Guey
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ablasser
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Elingaard-Larsen LO, Rolver MG, Sørensen EE, Pedersen SF. How Reciprocal Interactions Between the Tumor Microenvironment and Ion Transport Proteins Drive Cancer Progression. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:1-38. [PMID: 32737753 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors comprise two major components: the cancer cells and the tumor stroma. The stroma is a mixture of cellular and acellular components including fibroblasts, mesenchymal and cancer stem cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix, and tumor interstitial fluid. The insufficient tumor perfusion and the highly proliferative state and dysregulated metabolism of the cancer cells collectively create a physicochemical microenvironment characterized by altered nutrient concentrations and varying degrees of hypoxia and acidosis. Furthermore, both cancer and stromal cells secrete numerous growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins which further shape the tumor microenvironment (TME), favoring cancer progression.Transport proteins expressed by cancer and stromal cells localize at the interface between the cells and the TME and are in a reciprocal relationship with it, as both sensors and modulators of TME properties. It has been amply demonstrated how acid-base and nutrient transporters of cancer cells enable their growth, presumably by contributing both to the extracellular acidosis and the exchange of metabolic substrates and waste products between cells and TME. However, the TME also impacts other transport proteins important for cancer progression, such as multidrug resistance proteins. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the cellular and acellular components of solid tumors and their interrelationship with key ion transport proteins. We focus in particular on acid-base transport proteins with known or proposed roles in cancer development, and we discuss their relevance for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line O Elingaard-Larsen
- Translational Type 2 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Michala G Rolver
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ester E Sørensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Coadministration of vindesine with high-dose methotrexate therapy increases acute kidney injury via BCRP, MRP2, and OAT1/OAT3. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 85:433-441. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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