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Fogarty MJ. Dendritic morphology of motor neurons and interneurons within the compact, semicompact, and loose formations of the rat nucleus ambiguus. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1409974. [PMID: 38933178 PMCID: PMC11199410 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1409974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Motor neurons (MNs) within the nucleus ambiguus innervate the skeletal muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and oesophagus. These muscles are activated during vocalisation and swallowing and must be coordinated with several respiratory and other behaviours. Despite many studies evaluating the projections and orientation of MNs within the nucleus ambiguus, there is no quantitative information regarding the dendritic arbours of MNs residing in the compact, and semicompact/loose formations of the nucleus ambiguus.. Methods In female and male Fischer 344 rats, we evaluated MN number using Nissl staining, and MN and non-MN dendritic morphology using Golgi-Cox impregnation Brightfield imaging of transverse Nissl sections (15 μm) were taken to stereologically assess the number of nucleus ambiguus MNs within the compact and semicompact/loose formations. Pseudo-confocal imaging of Golgi-impregnated neurons within the nucleus ambiguus (sectioned transversely at 180 μm) was traced in 3D to determine dendritic arbourisation. Results We found a greater abundance of MNs within the compact than the semicompact/loose formations. Dendritic lengths, complexity, and convex hull surface areas were greatest in MNs of the semicompact/loose formation, with compact formation MNs being smaller. MNs from both regions were larger than non-MNs reconstructed within the nucleus ambiguus. Conclusion Adding HBLS to the diet could be a potentially effective strategy to improve horses' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Fogarty
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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2
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Ma H, Liu X, Cai H, Yan Y, Li W, Zhao J. Electroacupuncture reduced airway inflammation by activating somatosensory-sympathetic pathways in allergic asthmatic rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01036. [PMID: 38602180 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment is efficacious in patients with respiratory disorders, although the mechanisms of its action in lung-function protection are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the neuroanatomical mechanisms of EA stimulation at the BL13 acupoint (Feishu, EA-BL13) improvement in asthma. METHODS Allergic asthma was induced by intranasal 2.0% ovalbumin (OVA) instillation combined with intraperitoneal injection of the 10.0% OVA. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff stain were used to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus secretion. Cellular oncogene fos induction in neurons after EA stimulation was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The mRNA expression levels of adrenergic receptors were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS EA improved airway inflammation and mucus secretion mainly by activating somatosensory-sympathetic pathways (P <0.001). Briefly, the intermediolateral (IML) nuclei of the spinal cord received signals from somatic EA stimulation and then delivered the information via the sympathetic trunk to the lung. Excited sympathetic nerve endings in lung tissue released large amounts of catecholamines that specifically activated the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) on T cells (P <0.01) and further decreased the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 (P <0.001) through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study provided a new explanation and clinical basis for the use of EA-BL13 as a treatment for allergic asthma in both the attack and remission stages and other respiratory disorders related to airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
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Perry R, Barbosa JP, Perry I, Barbosa J. Short-term outcomes of robot-assisted versus conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18,187 patients. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:125. [PMID: 38492067 PMCID: PMC10944433 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-01880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of robotic surgery in the curative-intent treatment of esophageal cancer patients is yet to be defined. To compare short-term outcomes between conventional minimally invasive (cMIE) and robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) in esophageal cancer patients. PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched. The included studies compared short-term outcomes between cMIE and RAMIE. Individual risk of bias was calculated using the MINORS and RoB2 scales. There were no statistically significant differences between RAMIE and cMIE regarding conversion to open procedure, mean number of harvested lymph nodes in the mediastinum, abdomen and along the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), 30- and 90-day mortality rates, chyle leakage, RLN palsy as well as cardiac and infectious complication rates. Estimated blood loss (MD - 71.78 mL, p < 0.00001), total number of harvested lymph nodes (MD 2.18 nodes, p < 0.0001) and along the left RLN (MD 0.73 nodes, p = 0.03), pulmonary complications (RR 0.70, p = 0.001) and length of hospital stay (MD - 3.03 days, p < 0.0001) are outcomes that favored RAMIE. A significantly shorter operating time (MD 29.01 min, p = 0.004) and a lower rate of anastomotic leakage (RR 1.23, p = 0.0005) were seen in cMIE. RAMIE has indicated to be a safe and feasible alternative to cMIE, with a tendency towards superiority in blood loss, lymph node yield, pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay. There was significant heterogeneity among studies for some of the outcomes measured. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results and overcome current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Perry
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Pedro Barbosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Stomatology, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Perry
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Barbosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
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Moe AAK, Bautista TG, Trewella MW, Korim WS, Yao ST, Behrens R, Driessen AK, McGovern AE, Mazzone SB. Investigation of vagal sensory neurons in mice using optical vagal stimulation and tracheal neuroanatomy. iScience 2024; 27:109182. [PMID: 38414860 PMCID: PMC10897902 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In rats and guinea pigs, sensory innervation of the airways is derived largely from the vagus nerve, with the extrapulmonary airways innervated by Wnt1+ jugular neurons and the intrapulmonary airways and lungs by Phox2b+ nodose neurons; however, our knowledge of airway innervation in mice is limited. We used genetically targeted expression of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-channelrhodopsin-2 (EYFP-ChR2) in Wnt1+ or Phox2b+ tissues to characterize jugular and nodose-mediated physiological responses and airway innervation in mice. With optical stimulation, Phox2b+ vagal fibers modulated cardiorespiratory function in a frequency-dependent manner while right Wnt1+ vagal fibers induced a small increase in respiratory rate. Mouse tracheae contained sparse Phox2b-EYFP fibers but dense networks of Wnt1-EYFP fibers. Retrograde tracing from the airways showed limited tracheal innervation by the jugular sensory neurons, distinct from other species. These differences in physiology and vagal sensory distribution have important implications when using mice for studying airway neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tara G Bautista
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew W Trewella
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Willian S Korim
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Song T Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robert Behrens
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandria K Driessen
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alice E McGovern
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Coverdell TC, Abbott SBG, Campbell JN. Molecular cell types as functional units of the efferent vagus nerve. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:210-218. [PMID: 37507330 PMCID: PMC10811285 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve vitally connects the brain and body to coordinate digestive, cardiorespiratory, and immune functions. Its efferent neurons, which project their axons from the brainstem to the viscera, are thought to comprise "functional units" - neuron populations dedicated to the control of specific vagal reflexes or organ functions. Previous research indicates that these functional units differ from one another anatomically, neurochemically, and physiologically but have yet to define their identity in an experimentally tractable way. However, recent work with genetic technology and single-cell genomics suggests that genetically distinct subtypes of neurons may be the functional units of the efferent vagus. Here we review how these approaches are revealing the organizational principles of the efferent vagus in unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana C Coverdell
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - John N Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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6
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Huang W, Yang J, Chen H, Li P, Wei W. Preservation of the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve during three-dimensional thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Surg 2024; 24:49. [PMID: 38336679 PMCID: PMC10858570 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the effect of preservation of the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve during systematic dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes, when performing radical resection of lung cancer, on the postoperative complication rate. METHODS The clinical data for 80 patients who underwent three-dimensional thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital between 2020 and 2022 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve were retained during intraoperative carinal lymph node dissection. The operation time, time until first postoperative defecation, duration for which a chest tube was needed, total chest drainage volume, average pain intensity during the first 5 postoperative days, incidence of postoperative pneumonia, and postoperative length of stay were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in histological staging or in time until first postoperative defecation between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in operation time, the duration for which a chest tube was needed, total chest drainage volume, average pain intensity during the first 5 postoperative days, white blood cell count and procalcitonin level on postoperative days 1 and 5, and postoperative length of stay between the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Preserving the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve during carinal lymph node dissection when performing three-dimensional thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer can reduce the risk of postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Jiantian Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Peijian Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516001, China.
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Kornfield J, De La Torre U, Mize E, Drake MG. Illuminating Airway Nerve Structure and Function in Chronic Cough. Lung 2023; 201:499-509. [PMID: 37985513 PMCID: PMC10673771 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Airway nerves regulate vital airway functions including bronchoconstriction, cough, and control of respiration. Dysregulation of airway nerves underlies the development and manifestations of airway diseases such as chronic cough, where sensitization of neural pathways leads to excessive cough triggering. Nerves are heterogeneous in both expression and function. Recent advances in confocal imaging and in targeted genetic manipulation of airway nerves have expanded our ability to visualize neural organization, study neuro-immune interactions, and selectively modulate nerve activation. As a result, we have an unprecedented ability to quantitatively assess neural remodeling and its role in the development of airway disease. This review highlights our existing understanding of neural heterogeneity and how advances in methodology have illuminated airway nerve morphology and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kornfield
- OHSU Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code UHN67, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ubaldo De La Torre
- OHSU Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code UHN67, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Emily Mize
- OHSU Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code UHN67, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Matthew G Drake
- OHSU Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code UHN67, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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8
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Kamigaichi A, Aokage K, Ikeno T, Wakabayashi M, Miyoshi T, Tane K, Samejima J, Tsuboi M. Long-term survival outcomes after lobe-specific nodal dissection in patients with early non-small-cell lung cancer. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY 2023; 63:7009229. [PMID: 36715610 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the long-term outcomes of lobe-specific nodal dissection (LSD) and systematic nodal dissection (SND) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Patients with c-stage I and II NSCLC who underwent lobectomy with mediastinal nodal dissection were retrospectively analysed. After propensity score matching, we assessed the overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cumulative incidence of death (CID) from primary lung cancer and other diseases. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 8.4 years. Among 438 propensity score-matched pairs, OS and RFS were similar between the LSD and SND groups [hazard ratio (HR), 0.979; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.799-1.199; and HR, 0.912; 95% CI, 0.762-1.092, respectively], but the LSD group showed a better prognosis after 5 years postoperatively. CID from primary lung cancer was similar between the 2 groups (HR, 1.239; 95% CI, 0.940-1.633). However, the CID from other diseases was lower in the LSD group than in the SND group (HR, 0.702; 95% CI, 0.525-0.938). According to c-stage, the LSD group tended towards worse OS and RFS, with higher CID from primary lung cancer than the SND group, in patients with c-stage II. CONCLUSIONS LSD provides acceptable long-term survival for patients with early-stage NSCLC. However, LSD may not be suitable for patients with c-stage II NSCLC due to the higher mortality risk from primary lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kamigaichi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeno
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masashi Wakabayashi
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kenta Tane
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Joji Samejima
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Mifflin KA, Brennan FH, Guan Z, Kigerl KA, Filous AR, Mo X, Schwab JM, Popovich PG. Spinal Cord Injury Impairs Lung Immunity in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:157-170. [PMID: 35697382 PMCID: PMC9246940 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after spinal cord injury (SCI). Although SCI causes atrophy and dysfunction in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues with a corresponding decrease in the number and function of circulating leukocytes, it is unknown whether this SCI-dependent systemic immune suppression also affects the unique tissue-specific antimicrobial defense mechanisms that protect the lung. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SCI directly impairs pulmonary immunity and subsequently increases the risk for developing pneumonia. Using mouse models of severe high-level SCI, we find that recruitment of circulating leukocytes and transcriptional control of immune signaling in the lung is impaired after SCI, creating an environment that is permissive for infection. Specifically, we saw a sustained loss of pulmonary leukocytes, a loss of alveolar macrophages at chronic time points postinjury, and a decrease in immune modulatory genes, especially cytokines, needed to eliminate pulmonary infections. Importantly, this injury-dependent impairment of pulmonary antimicrobial defense is only partially overcome by boosting the recruitment of immune cells to the lung with the drug AMD3100, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug that mobilizes leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow. Collectively, these data indicate that the immune-suppressive effects of SCI extend to the lung, a unique site of mucosal immunity. Furthermore, preventing lung infection after SCI will likely require novel strategies, beyond the use of orthodox antibiotics, to reverse or block tissue-specific cellular and molecular determinants of pulmonary immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Mifflin
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Faith H Brennan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhen Guan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristina A Kigerl
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Angela R Filous
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Center for Biostatistics, Columbus, OH
| | - Jan M Schwab
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Zhu L, Huang L, Le A, Wang TJ, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang J, Wang J, Jiang C. Interactions between the Autonomic Nervous System and the Immune System after Stroke. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3665-3704. [PMID: 35766834 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response occurs in the perilesion areas and the periphery. Although stroke-induced immunosuppression may alleviate brain injury, it hinders brain repair as the immune-inflammatory response plays a bidirectional role after acute stroke. Furthermore, suppression of the systemic immune-inflammatory response increases the risk of life-threatening systemic bacterial infections after acute stroke. Therefore, it is essential to explore the mechanisms that underlie the stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation is critical for regulating the local and systemic immune-inflammatory responses and may influence the prognosis of acute stroke. We review the changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and their influence on the immune-inflammatory response after stroke. Importantly, this article summarizes the mechanisms on how ANS regulates the immune-inflammatory response through neurotransmitters and their receptors in immunocytes and immune organs after stroke. To facilitate translational research, we also discuss the promising therapeutic approaches modulating the activation of the ANS or the immune-inflammatory response to promote neurologic recovery after stroke. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3665-3704, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anh Le
- Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tom J Wang
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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11
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Coverdell TC, Abraham-Fan RJ, Wu C, Abbott SBG, Campbell JN. Genetic encoding of an esophageal motor circuit. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110962. [PMID: 35705034 PMCID: PMC9255432 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor control of the striated esophagus originates in the nucleus ambiguus (nAmb), a vagal motor nucleus that also contains upper airway motor neurons and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons for the heart and lungs. We disambiguate nAmb neurons based on their genome-wide expression profiles, efferent circuitry, and ability to control esophageal muscles. Our single-cell RNA sequencing analysis predicts three molecularly distinct nAmb neuron subtypes and annotates them by subtype-specific marker genes: Crhr2, Vipr2, and Adcyap1. Mapping the axon projections of the nAmb neuron subtypes reveals that Crhr2nAmb neurons innervate the esophagus, raising the possibility that they control esophageal muscle function. Accordingly, focal optogenetic stimulation of cholinergic Crhr2+ fibers in the esophagus results in contractions. Activating Crhr2nAmb neurons has no effect on heart rate, a key parasympathetic function of the nAmb, whereas activating all of the nAmb neurons robustly suppresses heart rate. Together, these results reveal a genetically defined circuit for motor control of the esophagus. Primary motor neurons for the esophagus reside in the nucleus ambiguus (nAmb) of the hindbrain, but little is known about their molecular identity. Coverdell et al. find that the nAmb comprises three molecularly and anatomically distinct neuron subtypes, one of which selectively innervates and can contract esophageal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana C Coverdell
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - Chen Wu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - John N Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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12
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Nair M, Jagadeeshan S, Katselis G, Luan X, Momeni Z, Henao-Romero N, Chumala P, Tam JS, Yamamoto Y, Ianowski JP, Campanucci VA. Lipopolysaccharides induce a RAGE-mediated sensitization of sensory neurons and fluid hypersecretion in the upper airways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8336. [PMID: 33863932 PMCID: PMC8052339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic dorsal root ganglia (tDRG) contribute to fluid secretion in the upper airways. Inflammation potentiates DRG responses, but the mechanisms remain under investigation. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) underlies potentiation of DRG responses in pain pathologies; however, its role in other sensory modalities is less understood. We hypothesize that RAGE contributes to electrophysiological and biochemical changes in tDRGs during inflammation. We used tDRGs and tracheas from wild types (WT), RAGE knock-out (RAGE-KO), and with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1, and exposed them to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We studied: capsaicin (CAP)-evoked currents and action potentials (AP), tracheal submucosal gland secretion, RAGE expression and downstream pathways. In WT neurons, LPS increased CAP-evoked currents and AP generation, and it caused submucosal gland hypersecretion in tracheas from WT mice exposed to LPS. In contrast, LPS had no effect on tDRG excitability or gland secretion in RAGE-KO mice or mice treated with FPS-ZM1. LPS upregulated full-length RAGE (encoded by Tv1-RAGE) and downregulated a soluble (sRAGE) splice variant (encoded by MmusRAGEv4) in tDRG neurons. These data suggest that sensitization of tDRG neurons contributes to hypersecretion in the upper airways during inflammation. And at least two RAGE variants may be involved in these effects of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nair
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Santosh Jagadeeshan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - George Katselis
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xiaojie Luan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Zeinab Momeni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Henao-Romero
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Paulos Chumala
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Julian S Tam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Juan P Ianowski
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Verónica A Campanucci
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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13
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Liu T, Yang L, Han X, Ding X, Li J, Yang J. Local sympathetic innervations modulate the lung innate immune responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay1497. [PMID: 32426489 PMCID: PMC7220323 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Local immunity of the lung needs to be under tight control. However, how efferent neural signals influence lung immunity remains incompletely understood. Here, we report the development of a modified iDISCO-based protocol, iDISCO(ace), for whole-tissue 3D assessment of neural innervations and immune reactions in intact, unsectioned lung tissues. We observed that genetic, pharmacologic, or surgical removal of local sympathetic innervations promoted LPS-elicited innate immune response in the lung. Also, sympathetic ablation enhanced IL-33-elicited type 2 innate immunity. We further show that the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or specific agonists of the β2-adrenergic receptor, can inhibit the LPS- or IL-33-elicited immune response in a cell-intrinsic manner. Moreover, genetic deletion of the β2-adrenergic receptor produced immunomodulatory effects similar to those observed with sympathetic ablation. Together, this study elucidates the critical function of local sympathetic innervations in negatively modulating the lung innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangli Han
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaofan Ding
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Kaelberer MM, Caceres AI, Jordt SE. Activation of a nerve injury transcriptional signature in airway-innervating sensory neurons after lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L953-L964. [PMID: 32159971 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00403.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs and the immune and nervous systems functionally interact to respond to respiratory environmental exposures and infections. The lungs are innervated by vagal sensory neurons of the jugular and nodose ganglia, fused together in smaller mammals as the jugular-nodose complex (JNC). Whereas the JNC shares properties with the other sensory ganglia, the trigeminal (TG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), these sensory structures express differential sets of genes that reflect their unique functionalities. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in mice to identify the differential transcriptomes of the three sensory ganglia types. Using a fluorescent retrograde tracer and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we isolated a defined population of airway-innervating JNC neurons and determined their differential transcriptional map after pulmonary exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major mediator of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after infection with gram-negative bacteria or inhalation of organic dust. JNC neurons activated an injury response program, leading to increased expression of gene products such as the G protein-coupled receptor Cckbr, inducing functional changes in neuronal sensitivity to peptides, and Gpr151, also rapidly induced upon neuropathic nerve injury in pain models. Unique JNC-specific transcripts, present at only minimal levels in TG, DRG, and other organs, were identified. These included TMC3, encoding for a putative mechanosensor, and urotensin 2B, a hypertensive peptide. These findings highlight the unique properties of the JNC and reveal that ALI/ARDS rapidly induces a nerve injury-related state, changing vagal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Isabel Caceres
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, North Carolina.,Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program (ITEHP), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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15
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Snow SJ, Henriquez AR, Costa DL, Kodavanti UP. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Air Pollution Health Effects: Emerging Insights. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:9-20. [PMID: 29846720 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollutant exposures are linked to cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, neurobehavioral conditions, and reproductive abnormalities. Significant effort is invested in understanding how pollutants encountered by the lung might induce effects in distant organs. The role of circulating mediators has been predicted; however, their origin and identity have not been confirmed. New evidence has emerged which implicates the role of neuroendocrine sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axes in mediating a wide array of systemic and pulmonary effects. Our recent studies using ozone exposure as a prototypical air pollutant demonstrate that increases in circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones (epinephrine and cortisol/corticosterone) contribute to lung injury/inflammation and metabolic effects in the liver, pancreas, adipose, and muscle tissues. When stress hormones are depleted by adrenalectomy in rats, most ozone effects including lung injury/inflammation are diminished. Animals treated with antagonists for adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors show inhibition of the pulmonary and systemic effects of ozone, whereas treatment with agonists restore and exacerbate the ozone-induced injury/inflammation phenotype, implying the role of neuroendocrine activation. The neuroendocrine system is critical for normal homeostasis and allostatic activation; however, chronic exposure to stressors may lead to increases in allostatic load. The emerging mechanisms by which circulating mediators are released and are responsible for producing multiorgan effects of air pollutants insists upon a paradigm shift in the field of air pollution and health. Moreover, since these neuroendocrine responses are linked to both chemical and nonchemical stressors, the interactive influence of air pollutants, lifestyle, and environmental factors requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
| | - Daniel L Costa
- Emeritus, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
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16
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Medial approach for subcarinal lymphadenectomy during thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2019; 404:359-367. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-019-01772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Chen S, Huang S, Yu S, Han Z, Gao L, Shen Z, Kang M. The clinical value of a new method of functional lymph node dissection in video-assisted thoracic surgery right non-small cell lung cancer radical resection. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:477-487. [PMID: 30962991 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.01.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the safety, thoroughness and feasibility of "tunnel-type en bloc mediastinal lymph node dissection" in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for right non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radical resection, which functionally dissected the lymph nodes of station 2R/4R/7. Methods A retrospective study was performed in the clinical data of 196 patients with VATS right NSCLC radical resection. According to the different methods of lymph node dissection of station 2R, 4R and 7, they were divided into the tunnel-type group (n=102) and the routine group (n=94). The clinical data of two group were compared. Results The analyses of the baselines of the two groups are comparable. For lymph nodes dissection of station 2R/4R/7, operation time, the total number, positive number and metastasis incidence shown no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). However, the amount of bleeding, postoperative thoracic drainage volume, extubation time, hospitalization days, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection and chronic cough were significantly lower in the tunnel-type group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in 3-year recurrence and metastasis and in 3-year survival between tunnel-type group and routine group. Conclusions The tunnel-type group has more advantages, such as less surgical trauma, shorter hospitalization time, faster postoperative rehabilitation, even less postoperative chronic cough compared with the routine group. Therefore, we believe that the tunnel-type en bloc mediastinal lymph node dissection is a safe, thorough and feasible surgical method, which is worthy of being popularized and applied in the VATS right NSCLC radical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shijie Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shaobin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ziyang Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Zhimin Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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18
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Watanabe T, Nakamura R, Takase Y, Susaki EA, Ueda HR, Tadokoro R, Takahashi Y. Comparison of the 3-D patterns of the parasympathetic nervous system in the lung at late developmental stages between mouse and chicken. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S325-S336. [PMID: 29792856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the basic schema of the body plan is similar among different species of amniotes (mammals, birds, and reptiles), the lung is an exception. Here, anatomy and physiology are considerably different, particularly between mammals and birds. In mammals, inhaled and exhaled airs mix in the airways, whereas in birds the inspired air flows unidirectionally without mixing with the expired air. This bird-specific respiration system is enabled by the complex tubular structures called parabronchi where gas exchange takes place, and also by the bellow-like air sacs appended to the main part of the lung. That the lung is predominantly governed by the parasympathetic nervous system has been shown mostly by physiological studies in mammals. However, how the parasympathetic nervous system in the lung is established during late development has largely been unexplored both in mammals and birds. In this study, by combining immunocytochemistry, the tissue-clearing CUBIC method, and ink-injection to airways, we have visualized the 3-D distribution patterns of parasympathetic nerves and ganglia in the lung at late developmental stages of mice and chickens. These patterns were further compared between these species, and three prominent similarities emerged: (1) parasympathetic postganglionic fibers and ganglia are widely distributed in the lung covering the proximal and distal portions, (2) the gas exchange units, alveoli in mice and parabronchi in chickens, are devoid of parasympathetic nerves, (3) parasympathetic nerves are in close association with smooth muscle cells, particularly at the base of the gas exchange units. These observations suggest that despite gross differences in anatomy, the basic mechanisms underlying parasympathetic control of smooth muscles and gas exchange might be conserved between mammals and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamura
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuta Takase
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Mathematics-based Creation of Science Program (MACS), Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Etsuo A Susaki
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tadokoro
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Takahashi
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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19
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Han L, Limjunyawong N, Ru F, Li Z, Hall OJ, Steele H, Zhu Y, Wilson J, Mitzner W, Kollarik M, Undem BJ, Canning BJ, Dong X. Mrgprs on vagal sensory neurons contribute to bronchoconstriction and airway hyper-responsiveness. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:324-328. [PMID: 29403029 PMCID: PMC5857222 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, accompanied by lung inflammation, bronchoconstriction and airway hyper-responsiveness, is a significant public health burden. Here we report that Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) are expressed in a subset of vagal sensory neurons innervating the airway and mediates cholinergic bronchoconstriction and airway hyper-responsiveness. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fei Ru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olivia J Hall
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haley Steele
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marian Kollarik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bradley J Undem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan J Canning
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Hennel M, Harsanyiova J, Ru F, Zatko T, Brozmanova M, Trancikova A, Tatar M, Kollarik M. Structure of vagal afferent nerve terminal fibers in the mouse trachea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 249:35-46. [PMID: 29306061 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The structure of primary afferent nerve terminals profoundly influences their function. While the complex vagal airway nerve terminals (stretch receptors, cough receptors and neuroepithelial bodies) were thoroughly characterized, much less is known about the structure of airway nerves that do not form distinct complex terminals (often termed free nerve fibers). We selectively induced expression of GFP in vagal afferent nerves in the mouse by transfection with AAV-GFP virus vector and visualized nerve terminals in the trachea by whole organ confocal imaging. Based on structural characteristics we identified four types of vagal afferent nerve fiber terminals in the trachea. Importantly, we found that distinct compartments of tracheal tissue are innervated by distinct nerve fiber terminal types in a non-overlapping manner. Thus, separate terminal types innervate tracheal epithelium vs. anterolateral tracheal wall containing cartilaginous rings and ligaments vs. dorsal wall containing smooth muscle. Our results will aid the study of structure-function relationships in vagal airway afferent nerves and regulation of respiratory reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hennel
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU and Biomedical Center Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Harsanyiova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU and Biomedical Center Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Fei Ru
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Tomas Zatko
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU and Biomedical Center Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Brozmanova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU and Biomedical Center Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alzbeta Trancikova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU and Biomedical Center Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Milos Tatar
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU and Biomedical Center Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marian Kollarik
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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21
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Weijs TJ, Ruurda JP, Luyer MDP, Cuesta MA, van Hillegersberg R, Bleys RLAW. New insights into the surgical anatomy of the esophagus. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S675-S680. [PMID: 28815062 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Implementation of (robot assisted) minimally invasive esophagectomy and increased knowledge of the relation between the autonomic nervous system and the immune response have led to new insights regarding the surgical anatomy of the esophagus. First, two layers of connective tissue were identified; the aorto-esophageal and aorto-pleural ligaments that separate the peri-esophageal compartment, containing vagus nerves, carinal lymph nodes and trachea, from the para-aortic compartment; containing thoracic duct and azygos vein. Second the surgical anatomy of the pulmonary vagus nerve branches has been described in detail. Based on the hypothesis that sparing the vagal nerve branches may be important a method to spare the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve during thoracoscopic esophagectomy was validated in a cadaver study. Further studies will now investigate the impact of these new insights in the surgical anatomy of the esophagus in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J Weijs
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle P Ruurda
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael D P Luyer
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel A Cuesta
- Department of Surgery, VU Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ronaldus L A W Bleys
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Weijs TJ, Ruurda JP, Luyer MDP, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, van Hillegersberg R, Bleys RLAW. Topography and extent of pulmonary vagus nerve supply with respect to transthoracic oesophagectomy. J Anat 2016; 227:431-9. [PMID: 26352410 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary complications are frequently observed after transthoracic oesophagectomy. These complications may be reduced by sparing the vagus nerve branches to the lung. However, current descriptions of the regional anatomy are insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to provide a highly detailed description of the course of the pulmonary vagus nerve branches. In six fixed adult human cadavers, bilateral microscopic dissection of the vagus nerve branches to the lungs was performed. The level of branching and the number, calibre and distribution of nerve branches were described. Nerve fibres were identified using neurofilament immunohistochemistry, and the nerve calibre was measured using computerized image analysis. Both lungs were supplied by a predominant posterior and a smaller anterior nerve plexus. The right lung was supplied by 13 (10-18) posterior and 3 (2-3) anterior branches containing 77% (62-100%) and 23% (0-38%) of the lung nerve supply, respectively. The left lung was supplied by a median of 12 (8-13) posterior and 3 (2-4) anterior branches containing 74% (60-84%) and 26% (16-40%) of the left lung nerve supply, respectively. During transthoracic oesophagectomy with en bloc lymphadenectomy and transection of the vagus nerves at the level of the azygos vein, 68-100% of the right lung nerve supply and 86-100% of the inferior left lung lobe nerve supply were severed. When vagotomy was performed distally to the last large pulmonary branch, 0-8% and 0-13% of the nerve branches to the right middle/inferior lobes and left inferior lobe, respectively, were lost. In conclusion, this study provides a detailed description of the extensive pulmonary nerve supply provided by the vagus nerves. During oesophagectomy, extensive mediastinal lymphadenectomy denervates the lung to a great extent; however, this can be prevented by performing the vagotomy distal to the caudalmost large pulmonary branch. Further research is required to determine the feasibility of sparing the pulmonary vagus nerve branches without compromising the completeness of lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teus J Weijs
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle P Ruurda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Misha D P Luyer
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ronald L A W Bleys
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Preserving the pulmonary vagus nerve branches during thoracoscopic esophagectomy. Surg Endosc 2015; 30:3816-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Farrell M, Mazzone S. Sensations and regional brain responses evoked by tussive stimulation of the airways. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 204:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Evidence for multiple sensory circuits in the brain arising from the respiratory system: an anterograde viral tract tracing study in rodents. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:3683-99. [PMID: 25158901 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex sensations accompany the activation of sensory neurons within the respiratory system, yet little is known about the organization of sensory pathways in the brain that mediate these sensations. In the present study, we employ anterograde viral neuroanatomical tract tracing with isogenic self-reporting recombinants of HSV-1 strain H129 to map the higher brain regions in receipt of vagal sensory neurons arising from the trachea versus the lungs, and single-cell PCR to characterize the phenotype of sensory neurons arising from these two divisions of the respiratory tree. The results suggest that the upper and lower airways are predominantly innervated by sensory neurons derived from the somatic jugular and visceral nodose cranial ganglia, respectively. This coincides with central circuitry that is predominately somatic-like, arising from the trachea, and visceral-like, arising from the lungs. Although some convergence of sensory pathways was noted in preautonomic cell groups, this was notably absent in thalamic and cortical regions. These data support the notion that distinct afferent subtypes, via distinct central circuits, subserve sensations arising from the upper versus lower airways. The findings may explain why sensations arising from different levels of the respiratory tree are qualitatively and quantitatively unique.
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