1
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Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Pedrero-Prieto CM, Sanchez-Rodriguez L, Flores-Cuadrado A, Saiz-Sanchez D, Frontinan-Rubio J, Ubeda-Banon I, Duran Prado M, Martinez-Marcos A, Peinado JR. Differential accumulation of human β-amyloid and tau from enriched extracts in neuronal and endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167204. [PMID: 38679217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
While Aβ and Tau cellular distribution has been largely studied, the comparative internalization and subcellular accumulation of Tau and Aβ isolated from human brain extracts in endothelial and neuronal cells has not yet been unveiled. We have previously demonstrated that controlled enrichment of Aβ from human brain extracts constitutes a valuable tool to monitor cellular internalization in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we establish an alternative method to strongly enrich Aβ and Tau aggregates from human AD brains, which has allowed us to study and compare the cellular internalization, distribution and toxicity of both proteins within brain barrier endothelial (bEnd.3) and neuronal (Neuro2A) cells. Our findings demonstrate the suitability of human enriched brain extracts to monitor the intracellular distribution of human Aβ and Tau, which, once internalized, show dissimilar sorting to different organelles within the cell and differential toxicity, exhibiting higher toxic effects on neuronal cells than on endothelial cells. While tau is strongly concentrated preferentially in mitochondria, Aβ is distributed predominantly within the endolysosomal system in endothelial cells, whereas the endoplasmic reticulum was its preferential location in neurons. Altogether, our findings display a picture of the interactions that human Aβ and Tau might establish in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rabanal-Ruiz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C M Pedrero-Prieto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - L Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Flores-Cuadrado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D Saiz-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Frontinan-Rubio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - I Ubeda-Banon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Duran Prado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Martinez-Marcos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Juan R Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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2
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, Mahmoudabad AG, Shadfar S, Mirshahvaladi S, Gupta V, Nguyen CTO, Finkelstein DI, You Y, Haynes PA, Salekdeh GH, Graham SL, Mirzaei M. Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1262-1276. [PMID: 37905874 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, post-translational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sina Shadfar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T O Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Beiyu Z, Rong Z, Yi Z, Shan W, Peng L, Meng W, Wei P, Ye Y, Qiumin Q. Oxidative stress is associated with Aβ accumulation in chronic sleep deprivation model. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148776. [PMID: 38253271 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is the main pathological change in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which results from the imbalance of production and clearance of Aβ in the brain. Our previous study found that chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) led to the deposition of Aβ in the brain by disrupting the balance of Aβ production and clearance, but the specific mechanism was not clear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oxidative stress on Aβ accumulation in CSD rats. We found that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased after CSD, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in the brain. Furthermore, the serum ROS was elevated and SOD declined after CSD. The levels of oxidative stress in the brain were significantly correlated with β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), and receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) levels in hippocampus and prefrontal lobe, and the concentration of serum oxidative mediators were strongly correlated with plasma levels of soluble LRP1 (sLRP1) and soluble RAGE (sRAGE). These results suggested that the oxidative stress in the brain and serum may involved in the CSD-induced Aβ accumulation. The underlying mechanism may be associated with disrupting the balance of Aβ production and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Beiyu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Rong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Yi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qu Qiumin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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4
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Kim MK, Kim Y, Lee N, Moon HJ, Lee JH, Kim EJ, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Jung NY. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (PNUYHi002-A) from a patient with Alzheimer's disease carrying PRNP M232R variant. Stem Cell Res 2024; 76:103361. [PMID: 38437769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from a 59-year-old male patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The iPSC line was meticulously characterized to confirm its pluripotency, absence of transgenes, and normal karyotype. The unexpected discovery of the M232R variant in PRNP makes this cell line a valuable resource for investigating AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Lee
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Moon
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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5
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McLaren AMR, Kawaja MD. Olfactory Dysfunction and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:811-827. [PMID: 38728185 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, and it is one of the leading causes of death globally. Identification and validation of biomarkers that herald the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease is of paramount importance for early reliable diagnosis and effective pharmacological therapy commencement. A substantial body of evidence has emerged demonstrating that olfactory dysfunction is a preclinical symptom of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. While a correlation between olfactory dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease onset and progression in humans exists, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unknown. The aim of this article is to review the current state of knowledge regarding the range of potential factors that may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease-related olfactory dysfunction. This review predominantly focuses on genetic mutations associated with Alzheimer's disease including amyloid-β protein precursor, presenilin 1 and 2, and apolipoprotein E mutations, that may (in varying ways) drive the cellular events that lead to and sustain olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael D Kawaja
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, ON, Canada
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6
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Frey B, Holzinger D, Taylor K, Ehrnhoefer DE, Striebinger A, Biesinger S, Gasparini L, O'Neill MJ, Wegner F, Barghorn S, Höglinger GU, Heym RG. Tau seed amplification assay reveals relationship between seeding and pathological forms of tau in Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:181. [PMID: 37964332 PMCID: PMC10644662 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau seed amplification assays (SAAs) directly measure the seeding activity of tau and would therefore be ideal biomarkers for clinical trials targeting seeding-competent tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise relationship between tau seeding measured by SAA and the levels of pathological forms of tau in the AD brain remains unknown. We developed a new tau SAA based on full-length 0N3R tau with sensitivity in the low fg/ml range and used it to characterize 103 brain samples from three independent cohorts. Tau seeding clearly discriminated between AD and control brain samples. Interestingly, seeding was absent in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) putamen, suggesting that our tau SAA did not amplify 4R tau aggregates from PSP brain. The specificity of our tau SAA for AD brain was further supported by analysis of matched hippocampus and cerebellum samples. While seeding was detected in hippocampus from Braak stages I-II, no seeding was present in AD cerebellum that is devoid of tau inclusions. Analysis of 40 middle frontal gyrus samples encompassing all Braak stages showed that tau SAA seeding activity gradually increased with Braak stage. This relationship between seeding activity and the presence of tau inclusions in AD brain was further supported by robust correlations between tau SAA results and the levels of phosphorylated tau212/214, phosphorylated tau181, aggregated tau, and sarkosyl-insoluble tau. Strikingly, we detected tau seeding in the middle frontal gyrus already at Braak stage II-III, suggesting that tau SAA can detect tau pathology earlier than conventional immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, our data suggest a quantitative relationship between tau seeding activity and pathological forms of tau in the human brain and provides an important basis for further development of tau SAA for accessible human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Frey
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - David Holzinger
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Keenan Taylor
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Biotherapeutics and Genetic Medicine Technologies, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Striebinger
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sandra Biesinger
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Laura Gasparini
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael J O'Neill
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Barghorn
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases E.V. (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Roland G Heym
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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7
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Gonzalez‐Rodriguez M, Villar‐Conde S, Astillero‐Lopez V, Villanueva‐Anguita P, Ubeda‐Banon I, Flores‐Cuadrado A, Martinez‐Marcos A, Saiz‐Sanchez D. Human amygdala involvement in Alzheimer's disease revealed by stereological and dia-PASEF analysis. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13180. [PMID: 37331354 PMCID: PMC10467039 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau proteins. According to the prion-like hypothesis, both proteins can seed and disseminate through brain regions through neural connections and glial cells. The amygdaloid complex (AC) is involved early in the disease, and its widespread connections with other brain regions indicate that it is a hub for propagating pathology. To characterize changes in the AC as well as the involvement of neuronal and glial cells in AD, a combined stereological and proteomic analysis was performed in non-Alzheimer's disease and AD human samples. The synaptic alterations identified by proteomic data analysis could be related to the volume reduction observed in AD by the Cavalieri probe without neuronal loss. The pathological markers appeared in a gradient pattern with the medial region (cortical nucleus, Co) being more affected than lateral regions, suggesting the relevance of connections in the distribution of the pathology among different brain regions. Generalized astrogliosis was observed in every AC nucleus, likely related to deposits of pathological proteins. Astrocytes might mediate phagocytic microglial activation, whereas microglia might play a dual role since protective and toxic phenotypes have been described. These results highlight the potential participation of the amygdala in the disease spreading from/to olfactory areas, the temporal lobe and beyond. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD038322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gonzalez‐Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Sandra Villar‐Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Veronica Astillero‐Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Patricia Villanueva‐Anguita
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Isabel Ubeda‐Banon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Alicia Flores‐Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Alino Martinez‐Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Daniel Saiz‐Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
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8
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Alshamrani M. Recent Trends in Active and Passive Immunotherapies of Alzheimer's Disease. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:41. [PMID: 37366656 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the elderly, a debilitating condition known as dementia, which is a major health concern, is caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite promising advances by researchers, there is currently no way to completely cure this devastating disease. It is illustrated by the deposition of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques that are followed by neural dysfunction and cognitive decline. Responses against AD activate an immune system that contributes to and accelerates AD pathogenesis. Potential efforts in the field of pathogenesis have prompted researchers to explore novel therapies such as active and passive vaccines against Aβ proteins (Aβ immunotherapy), intravenous immunoglobulin, and tau immunotherapy, as well as targets that include microglia and several cytokines for the treatment of AD. Aims are now underway by experts to begin immunotherapies before the clinical manifestation, which is made possible by improving the sensitivity of biomarkers used for the diagnosis of AD to have better outcome measures. This review provides an overview of approved immunotherapeutic strategies for AD and those currently being investigated in clinical trials. We examine their mechanisms of action and discuss the potential perspectives and challenges associated with immunotherapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Whitfield JF, Rennie K, Chakravarthy B. Alzheimer's Disease and Its Possible Evolutionary Origin: Hypothesis. Cells 2023; 12:1618. [PMID: 37371088 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous, 2-3-million-year evolutionary expansion of hominin neocortices to the current enormity enabled humans to take over the planet. However, there appears to have been a glitch, and it occurred without a compensatory expansion of the entorhinal cortical (EC) gateway to the hippocampal memory-encoding system needed to manage the processing of the increasing volume of neocortical data converging on it. The resulting age-dependent connectopathic glitch was unnoticed by the early short-lived populations. It has now surfaced as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in today's long-lived populations. With advancing age, processing of the converging neocortical data by the neurons of the relatively small lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) inflicts persistent strain and high energy costs on these cells. This may result in their hyper-release of harmless Aβ1-42 monomers into the interstitial fluid, where they seed the formation of toxic amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) that initiate AD. At the core of connectopathic AD are the postsynaptic cellular prion protein (PrPC). Electrostatic binding of the negatively charged AβOs to the positively charged N-terminus of PrPC induces hyperphosphorylation of tau that destroys synapses. The spread of these accumulating AβOs from ground zero is supported by Aβ's own production mediated by target cells' Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs). These data suggest that an early administration of a strongly positively charged, AβOs-interacting peptide or protein, plus an inhibitor of CaSR, might be an effective AD-arresting therapeutic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Whitfield
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kerry Rennie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Balu Chakravarthy
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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10
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Murray HC, Saar G, Bai L, Bouraoud N, Dodd S, Highet B, Ryan B, Curtis MA, Koretsky A, Belluscio L. Progressive Spread of Beta-amyloid Pathology in an Olfactory-driven Amyloid Precursor Protein Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2023; 516:113-124. [PMID: 36716914 PMCID: PMC10065898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Years before Alzheimer's disease (AD) is diagnosed, patients experience an impaired sense of smell, and β-amyloid plaques accumulate within the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb (OB). The olfactory vector hypothesis proposes that external agents cause β-amyloid to aggregate and spread from the OB to connected downstream brain regions. To reproduce the slow accumulation of β-amyloid that occurs in human AD, we investigated the progressive accumulation of β-amyloid across the brain using a conditional mouse model that overexpresses a humanized mutant form of the amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) in olfactory sensory neurons. Using design-based stereology, we show the progressive accumulation of β-amyloid plaques within the OB and cortical olfactory regions with age. We also observe reduced OB volumes in these mice when hAPP expression begins prior-to but not post-weaning which we tracked using manganese-enhanced MRI. We therefore conclude that the reduced OB volume does not represent progressive degeneration but rather disrupted OB development. Overall, our data demonstrate that hAPP expression in the olfactory epithelium can lead to the accumulation and spread of β-amyloid through the olfactory system into the hippocampus, consistent with an olfactory system role in the early stages of β-amyloid-related AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Galit Saar
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Li Bai
- Circuits, Synapses and Molecular Signaling Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Nadia Bouraoud
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Stephen Dodd
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Blake Highet
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Brigid Ryan
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Alan Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Pini L, Salvalaggio A, Wennberg AM, Dimakou A, Matteoli M, Corbetta M. The pollutome-connectome axis: a putative mechanism to explain pollution effects on neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101867. [PMID: 36720351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The study of pollutant effects is extremely important to address the epochal challenges we are facing, where world populations are increasingly moving from rural to urban centers, revolutionizing our world into an urban world. These transformations will exacerbate pollution, thus highlighting the necessity to unravel its effect on human health. Epidemiological studies have reported that pollution increases the risk of neurological diseases, with growing evidence on the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Air pollution and water pollutants are the main chemicals driving this risk. These chemicals can promote inflammation, acting in synergy with genotype vulnerability. However, the biological underpinnings of this association are unknown. In this review, we focus on the link between pollution and brain network connectivity at the macro-scale level. We provide an updated overview of epidemiological findings and studies investigating brain network changes associated with pollution exposure, and discuss the mechanistic insights of pollution-induced brain changes through neural networks. We explain, in detail, the pollutome-connectome axis that might provide the functional substrate for pollution-induced processes leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. We describe this model within the framework of two pollutants, air pollution, a widely recognized threat, and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a large class of synthetic chemicals which are currently emerging as new neurotoxic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pini
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Alexandra M Wennberg
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Dimakou
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milano, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
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12
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Alexandersen CG, de Haan W, Bick C, Goriely A. A multi-scale model explains oscillatory slowing and neuronal hyperactivity in Alzheimer's disease. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220607. [PMID: 36596460 PMCID: PMC9810432 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and is linked to the spreading of pathological amyloid-β and tau proteins throughout the brain. Recent studies have highlighted stark differences in how amyloid-β and tau affect neurons at the cellular scale. On a larger scale, Alzheimer's patients are observed to undergo a period of early-stage neuronal hyperactivation followed by neurodegeneration and frequency slowing of neuronal oscillations. Herein, we model the spreading of both amyloid-β and tau across a human connectome and investigate how the neuronal dynamics are affected by disease progression. By including the effects of both amyloid-β and tau pathology, we find that our model explains AD-related frequency slowing, early-stage hyperactivation and late-stage hypoactivation. By testing different hypotheses, we show that hyperactivation and frequency slowing are not due to the topological interactions between different regions but are mostly the result of local neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-β and tau protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem de Haan
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Bick
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Mathematics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience—Systems and Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Goriely
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Xu G, Fromholt S, Borchelt DR. Modeling the Competition between Misfolded Aβ Conformers That Produce Distinct Types of Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:886. [PMID: 35883442 PMCID: PMC9313290 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid pathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be broadly classified as either fibrillary amyloid or diffuse amyloid. Fibrillary amyloid is found in cored-neuritic deposits, fibrillar deposits, and vascular deposits, and binds strongly to the amyloid revealing dyes Thioflavin-S or Congo Red. Diffuse amyloid can appear as wispy dispersed deposits or compact tufted deposits dispersed in neuropil, and binds amyloid dyes weakly if at all. In AD brains, both types of pathology are detected. Homogenates from AD brains, or the brains of transgenic mice modeling AD-amyloidosis, have been used to seed pathology in vulnerable host transgenic models. These studies suggest that pathologies may arise from distinct conformers or strains of misfolded Aβ, similar to propagating prions. Using Aβ strains sourced from four different AD-amyloidosis models, we injected pathological seeds into the brains of newborn mice from three different transgenic hosts with distinctive Aβ pathologies. Two of the seeding sources were from mice that primarily develop cored-neuritic Aβ deposits (cored strain) while the other two seeding sources were from mice that develop diffuse Aβ deposits (diffuse strain). These seeds were injected into host APP mice in which the resident strain was either diffuse or cored-neuritic pathology. Seeding-homogenates were injected into the brains of newborn mice to initiate propagation as early as possible. Depending upon the level of transgene expression in the host, we show that the injected strains of misfolded Aβ from the seeding homogenate were able to outcompete the resident strain of the APP host model. In serial passaging experiments, it appeared that the diffuse strain was more easily propagated than the cored strain. Collectively, our studies align with the idea that different types of Aβ pathology in AD brains arise from different populations of Aβ conformers that compete to populate the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.X.); (S.F.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Susan Fromholt
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.X.); (S.F.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David R. Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.X.); (S.F.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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14
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Villar-Conde S, Astillero-Lopez V, Villanueva-Anguita P, Ubeda-Banon I, Flores-Cuadrado A, Martinez-Marcos A, Saiz-Sanchez D. Neurodegeneration and Astrogliosis in the Human CA1 Hippocampal Subfield Are Related to hsp90ab1 and bag3 in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:165. [PMID: 35008592 PMCID: PMC8745315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by executive dysfunction and memory impairment mediated by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The hippocampus (HIPP) is essential for memory formation and is involved in early stages of disease. In fact, hippocampal atrophy is used as an early biomarker of neuronal injury and to evaluate disease progression. It is not yet well-understood whether changes in hippocampal volume are due to neuronal or glial loss. The aim of the study was to assess hippocampal atrophy and/or gliosis using unbiased stereological quantification and to obtain hippocampal proteomic profiles related to neurodegeneration and gliosis. Hippocampal volume measurement, stereological quantification of NeuN-, Iba-1- and GFAP-positive cells, and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) analysis were performed in AD and non-AD cases. Reduced hippocampal volume was identified using the Cavalieri probe, particularly in the CA1 region, where it correlated with neuronal loss and astrogliosis. A total of 102 downregulated and 47 upregulated proteins were identified in the SWATH-MS analysis after restrictive filtering based on an FC > 1.5 and p value < 0.01. The Hsp90 family of chaperones, particularly BAG3 and HSP90AB1, are closely related to astrocytes, indicating a possible role in degrading Aβ and tau through chaperone-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- CRIB, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (S.V.-C.); (V.A.-L.); (P.V.-A.); (I.U.-B.); (A.F.-C.)
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- CRIB, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (S.V.-C.); (V.A.-L.); (P.V.-A.); (I.U.-B.); (A.F.-C.)
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15
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Ebrahimi R, Golestani A. The emerging role of noncoding RNAs in neuroinflammation: Implications in pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1206-1224. [PMID: 34724212 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in different cell processes. Due to their ability in monitoring neural development genes, these transcripts confer neurons with the potential to exert broad control over the expression of genes for performing neurobiological functions. Although the change of ncRNA expression in different neurodegenerative diseases has been reviewed elsewhere, only recent evidence drove our attention to unravel the involvement of these molecules in neuroinflammation within these devastating disorders. Remarkably, the interactions between ncRNAs and inflammatory pathways are not fully recognized. Therefore, this review has focused on the interplay between diverse inflammatory pathways and the related ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and competing endogenous RNAs in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and prion diseases. Providing novel insights in the field of combining biomarkers is a critical step for using them as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Chen C, Zhou Y, Wang H, Alam A, Kang SS, Ahn EH, Liu X, Jia J, Ye K. Gut inflammation triggers C/EBPβ/δ-secretase-dependent gut-to-brain propagation of Aβ and Tau fibrils in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106320. [PMID: 34260075 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some evidence suggests that misfolded protein aggregates found in AD brains may have originated from the gut, but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not fully understood. C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling in the colon was investigated in a 3xTg AD mouse model in an age-dependent manner. We applied chronic administration of 1% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to trigger gut leakage or colonic injection of Aβ or Tau fibrils or AD patient brain lysates in 3xTg mice and combined it with excision/cutting of the gut-brain connecting vagus nerve (vagotomy), in order to explore the role of the gut-brain axis in the development of AD-like pathologies and to monitor C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling under those conditions. We found that C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling is temporally activated in the gut of AD patients and 3xTg mice, initiating formation of Aβ and Tau fibrils that spread to the brain. DSS treatment promotes gut leakage and facilitates AD-like pathologies in both the gut and the brain of 3xTg mice in a C/EBPβ/δ-secretase-dependent manner. Vagotomy selectively blunts this signaling, attenuates Aβ and Tau pathologies, and restores learning and memory. Aβ or Tau fibrils or AD patient brain lysates injected into the colon propagate from the gut into the brain via the vagus nerve, triggering AD pathology and cognitive dysfunction. The results indicate that inflammation activates C/EBPβ/δ-secretase and initiates AD-associated pathologies in the gut, which are subsequently transmitted to the brain via the vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yunzhe Zhou
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Heibei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Willbold D, Strodel B, Schröder GF, Hoyer W, Heise H. Amyloid-type Protein Aggregation and Prion-like Properties of Amyloids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8285-8307. [PMID: 34137605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on the process of amyloid-type protein aggregation. Amyloid fibrils are an important hallmark of protein misfolding diseases and therefore have been investigated for decades. Only recently, however, atomic or near-atomic resolution structures have been elucidated from various in vitro and ex vivo obtained fibrils. In parallel, the process of fibril formation has been studied in vitro under highly artificial but comparatively reproducible conditions. The review starts with a summary of what is known and speculated from artificial in vitro amyloid-type protein aggregation experiments. A partially hypothetic fibril selection model will be described that may be suitable to explain why amyloid fibrils look the way they do, in particular, why at least all so far reported high resolution cryo-electron microscopy obtained fibril structures are in register, parallel, cross-β-sheet fibrils that mostly consist of two protofilaments twisted around each other. An intrinsic feature of the model is the prion-like nature of all amyloid assemblies. Transferring the model from the in vitro point of view to the in vivo situation is not straightforward, highly hypothetic, and leaves many open questions that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gunnar F Schröder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Physics Department, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Heise
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Thomzig A, Wagenführ K, Pinder P, Joncic M, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Beekes M. Transmissible α-synuclein seeding activity in brain and stomach of patients with Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:861-879. [PMID: 33895878 PMCID: PMC8068459 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral deposition of abnormally aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn) is a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD-associated αSyn (αSynPD) aggregates can act as proteinaceous nuclei (“seeds”) able of self-templated propagation. Since this is strikingly reminiscent to properties of proteinaceous infectious particles (prions), lessons learned from prion diseases suggest to test whether transferred αSynPD can propagate and induce neurological impairments or disease in a new host. Two studies that addressed this question provided divergent results. Intracerebral (i.c.) injection of Lewy body extracts from PD patients caused cerebral αSyn pathology, as well as nigrostriatal neurodegeneration, of wild-type mice and macaques, with the mice also showing motor impairments (Recasens et al. 2014, Ann Neurol 75:351–362). In contrast, i.c. transmission of homogenates from PD brains did not stimulate, after “> 360” days post-injection (dpi), pathological αSyn conversion or clinical symptoms in transgenic TgM83+/− mice hemizygously expressing mutated (A53T) human αSyn (Prusiner et al. 2015, PNAS 112:E5308–E5317). To advance the assessment of possible αSynPD hazards by providing further data, we examined neuropathological and clinical effects upon i.c. transmission of brain, stomach wall and muscle tissue as well as blood from PD patients in TgM83+/− mice up to 612 dpi. This revealed a subtle, yet distinctive stimulation of localized αSyn aggregation in the somatodendritic compartment and dystrophic neurites of individual or focally clustered cerebral neurons after challenge with brain and stomach wall homogenates. No such effect was observed with transmitted blood or homogenized muscle tissue. The detected stimulation of αSyn aggregation was not accompanied by apparent motor impairments or overt neurological disease in TgM83+/− mice. Our study substantiated that transmitted αSynPD seeds, including those from the stomach wall, are able to propagate in new mammalian hosts. The consequences of such propagation and potential safeguards need to be further investigated.
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19
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Counil H, Krantic S. Synaptic Activity and (Neuro)Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Could Exosomes be an Additional Link? J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:1029-1043. [PMID: 32176642 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, are produced by all cell types in mammalian organisms and have been recently involved in neurodegeneration. In the brain, both glia and neurons give rise to exosomes, which contribute to their intercellular communication. In addition, brain-derived exosomes have a remarkable property to cross the blood-brain-barrier bi-directionally. In this line, exosomes of central origin have been identified in peripheral circulation and already considered as putative blood biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, tentative use of exosomes as vehicle for the clearance of brain-born toxic proteins or, conversely, neuroprotective drug delivery, was also envisaged. However, little is known about the precise role of exosomes in the control and regulation of neuronal functions. Based on the presence of subunits of glutamate receptors in neuron-derived exosomes on one hand, and complement proteins in astrocyte-derived exosomes on the other hand, we hypothesize that exosomes may participate in the control of neuronal excitability via inflammatory-like mechanisms both at the central level and from the periphery. In this review, we will focus on AD and discuss the mechanisms by which exosomes of neuronal, glial, and/or peripheral origin could impact on neuronal excitability either directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine Counil
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 938, St. Antoine Res. Ctr. (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Slavica Krantic
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 938, St. Antoine Res. Ctr. (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
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20
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Dong TTT, Satoh K. The Latest Research on RT-QuIC Assays-A Literature Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030305. [PMID: 33807776 PMCID: PMC8000803 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The misfolding of proteins such as the prion protein, α-synuclein, and tau represents a key initiating event for pathogenesis of most common neurodegenerative disorders, and its presence correlates with infectivity. To date, the diagnosis of these disorders mainly relied on the recognition of clinical symptoms when neurodegeneration was already at an advanced phase. In recent years, several efforts have been made to develop new diagnostic tools for the early diagnosis of prion diseases. The real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT–QuIC) assay, an in vitro assay that can indirectly detect very low amounts of PrPSc aggregates, has provided a very promising tool to improve the early diagnosis of human prion diseases. Over the decade since RT–QuIC was introduced, the diagnosis of not only prion diseases but also synucleinopathies and tauopathies has greatly improved. Therefore, in our study, we summarize the current trends and knowledge of RT–QuIC assays, as well as discuss the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases using RT–QuIC assays, which have been updated in recent years.
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21
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Ulm BS, Borchelt DR, Moore BD. Remodeling Alzheimer-amyloidosis models by seeding. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:8. [PMID: 33588898 PMCID: PMC7885558 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, with brain pathology defined by extracellular amyloid beta deposits and intracellular tau aggregates. To aid in research efforts to improve understanding of this disease, transgenic murine models have been developed that replicate aspects of AD pathology. Familial AD is associated with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein and in the presenilins (associated with amyloidosis); transgenic amyloid models feature one or more of these mutant genes. Recent advances in seeding methods provide a means to alter the morphology of resultant amyloid deposits and the age that pathology develops. In this review, we discuss the variety of factors that influence the seeding of amyloid beta pathology, including the source of seed, the time interval after seeding, the nature of the transgenic host, and the preparation of the seeding inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Ulm
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brenda D Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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22
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Tu L, Lv X, Fan Z, Zhang M, Wang H, Yu X. Association of Odor Identification Ability With Amyloid-β and Tau Burden: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:586330. [PMID: 33324151 PMCID: PMC7726324 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.586330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The associations between olfactory identification (OI) ability and the Alzheimer's disease biomarkers were not clear. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to examine the associations between OI and Aβ and tau burden. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) were searched until June 2019 to identify studies that reported correlation coefficients or regression coefficients between OI and Aβ or tau levels measured by positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Pooled Pearson correlation coefficients were computed for the PET imaging and CSF biomarkers, with subgroup analysis for subjects classified into different groups. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, five studies (N = 494) involved Aβ PET, one involved tau PET (N = 26), and four involved CSF Aβ or tau (N = 345). OI was negatively associated with Aβ PET in the mixed (r = −0.25, P = 0.008) and cognitively normal groups (r = −0.15, P = 0.004) but not in the mild cognitive impairment group. A similar association with CSF total tau in the mixed group was also observed. No association was found between OI and CSF phosphorylated tau or Aβ42 in the subgroup analysis of the CSF biomarkers. Due to a lack of data, no pooled r value could be computed for the association between the OI and tau PET. Conclusion: The associations between OI ability and Aβ and CSF tau burden in older adults are negligible. While current evidence does not support the association, further studies using PET tau imaging are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Tu
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Fan
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
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23
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Bistaffa E, Tagliavini F, Matteini P, Moda F. Contributions of Molecular and Optical Techniques to the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E815. [PMID: 33153223 PMCID: PMC7692713 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. The distinctive neuropathological feature of AD is the intracerebral accumulation of two abnormally folded proteins: β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of extracellular plaques, and tau in the form of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. These proteins are considered disease-specific biomarkers, and the definite diagnosis of AD relies on their post-mortem identification in the brain. The clinical diagnosis of AD is challenging, especially in the early stages. The disease is highly heterogeneous in terms of clinical presentation and neuropathological features. This phenotypic variability seems to be partially due to the presence of distinct Aβ conformers, referred to as strains. With the development of an innovative technique named Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC), traces of Aβ strains were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. Emerging evidence suggests that different conformers may transmit their strain signature to the RT-QuIC reaction products. In this review, we describe the current challenges for the clinical diagnosis of AD and describe how the RT-QuIC products could be analyzed by a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based systems to reveal the presence of strain signatures, eventually leading to early diagnosis of AD with the recognition of individual disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bistaffa
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Scientific Directorate, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Matteini
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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24
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Henríquez G, Gomez A, Guerrero E, Narayan M. Potential Role of Natural Polyphenols against Protein Aggregation Toxicity: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2915-2934. [PMID: 32822152 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main features of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is the amyloidogenic behavior of disease-specific proteins including amyloid β, tau, α-synuclein, and mutant Huntingtin which participate in the formation, accumulation, and deposition of toxic misfolded aggregates. Consequently, these proteins not only associated with the progress of their respective neurodegenerative pathologies but also qualify as disease-specific biomarkers. The aim of using natural polyphenols is to target amyloid-dependent proteopathies by decreasing free radical damage and inhibiting and dissolving amyloid fibrils. We explore the effectiveness of the polyphenols epigallocatechin-3-gallate, oleuropein aglycone, and quercetin on their ability to inhibit aggregation of amyloid β, tau, and α-synuclein and mitigate other pathological features for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The analysis was carried from in vitro and cell line studies to animal models and clinical trials. This Review describes the use of phytochemical compounds as prophylactic agents for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other proteopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Henríquez
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Alejandra Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Erick Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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25
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Catania M, Di Fede G. One or more β-amyloid(s)? New insights into the prion-like nature of Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 175:213-237. [PMID: 32958234 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of proteins play a central role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's and Lewy Body diseases, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and prion diseases. Increasing evidence supports the view that Aβ and tau, which are the two main molecular players in AD, share with the prion protein several "prion-like" features that can be relevant for disease pathogenesis. These features essentially include structural/conformational/biochemical variations, resistance to degradation by endogenous proteases, seeding ability, attitude to form neurotoxic assemblies, spreading and propagation of toxic aggregates, transmissibility of tau- and Aβ-related pathology to animal models. Following this view, part of the recent scientific literature has generated a new reading frame for AD pathophysiology, based on the application of the prion paradigm to the amyloid cascade hypothesis in an attempt to definitely explain the key events causing the disease and inducing its occurrence under different clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Catania
- Neurology 5 / Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology 5 / Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
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26
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Esteves AR, Cardoso SM. Differential protein expression in diverse brain areas of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13149. [PMID: 32753661 PMCID: PMC7403590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many hypotheses have been postulated to define the etiology of sporadic Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disorders (PD and AD) but there is no consensus on what causes these devastating age-related diseases. Braak staging of both pathologies helped researchers to better understand the progression and to identify their prodromal and symptomatic phases. Indeed, it is well accepted that Lewy body pathology and neurofibrillary tangles appearance correlates with disease progression and severity of symptoms in PD and AD, respectively. Additionally, several studies in PD and AD models try to disclose which cellular mechanisms are defaulted and trigger the neurodegenerative process that culminates with neuronal death causing PD and AD classical symptomatology. Herein, we determined expression levels of proteins involved in microtubule assembly, autophagic-lysosomal pathway and unfolded protein response in the cortex, hippocampus and SNpc of PD and AD patients, vascular dementia patients and aged-match controls. The differential expression allowed us to determine which pathways are determinant to synaptic dysfunction and to establish a time line for disease progression. Our results allow us to challenge the hypothesis that both PD and AD pathologies are caused by α-synuclein or Aβ pathology propagation throughout the brain in a prion-like manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S M Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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27
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Henríquez G, Mendez L, Schmid AN, Guerrero ED, Collins SA, Castañeda E, Narayan M. Testing Amyloid Cross-Toxicity in the Vertebrate Brain. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15586-15591. [PMID: 32637834 PMCID: PMC7331027 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While amyloid proteins such as amyloid β (Aβ),α-synuclein, tau, and lysozyme are known to be prion-like; emerging data have revealed that they are also able to seed the misfolding of prion-like proteins differing in sequence. In the present study, we have developed a tool designed to test neurohistochemical outcomes associated with the entry of an amyloid protein into heterotypic neurons, i.e., neurons that do not express the invading amyloid and, instead, endogenously express amyloids differing in sequence. The stereotaxic introduction of Aβ into the rodent tegmental area of the mid-brain revealed that the foreign amyloid had infiltrated into nigral neurons. Furthermore, Aβ was found colocalized with α-synuclein, an amyloid endogenous to the substantia nigra and differing in sequence relative to Aβ. Disruption of α-synuclein status in the substantia nigra is associated with Parkinson's disease onset and progress. In addition to the study findings, a significant inroad to future neurodegenerative research was made via the stereotaxic introduction of the foreign amyloid. This technique limits the presence of confounding neurometabolic variables that may be prevalent in transgenic animal models of cross-toxicity and, thereby, better addresses the role of individual neuronal factors in cross-toxicity. Finally, the data from this work may help reconcile the high frequency of clinical comorbidity seen in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Henríquez
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Lois Mendez
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Ariel N. Schmid
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Erick D. Guerrero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Stephen A. Collins
- Department
of Psychology, The University of Texas at
El Paso (UTEP), 500 W.
University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Edward Castañeda
- Department
of Psychology, The University of Texas at
El Paso (UTEP), 500 W.
University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
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28
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Henríquez G, Mendez L, Varela-Ramirez A, Guerrero E, Narayan M. Neuroprotective Effect of Brazilin on Amyloid β (25-35)-Induced Pathology in a Human Neuroblastoma Model. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13785-13792. [PMID: 32566844 PMCID: PMC7301549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Until the recent past, the sole exemplar of proteins as infectious agents leading to neurodegenerative disorders remained the prion protein. Since then, the self-seeding mechanism characteristic of the prion protein has also been attributed to other neurodegenerative-disease-associated proteins, including amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein (α-Syn). In model cell line studies, truncated Aβ, viz. amyloid beta (25-35), has been found to influence cellular homeostasis through its interactions with, and via, the disruption of key housekeeping machinery. Here, we demonstrate that the incubation of human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line with Brazilin ((6aS,11bR)-7,11b-dihydro-6H-indeno[2,1-c]chromene-3,6a,9,10-tetrol) prior to Aβ (25-35)-insult protected the cells from oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, Brazilin mitigated Aβ-induced alterations in protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and α-synuclein status, both of which are important biomarkers that report on Parkinson's pathogenesis. The results obtained in this study suggest that the tetrol is neuroprotective and helps resist Aβ-induced cross-pathology and amyloidogenic onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Henríquez
- Department
of Environmental Science & Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Lois Mendez
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at
El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Border Biomedical
Research Center, the Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core
Facility, The University of Texas at El
Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Erick Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at
El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at
El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
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29
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Ubeda-Bañon I, Saiz-Sanchez D, Flores-Cuadrado A, Rioja-Corroto E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Villar-Conde S, Astillero-Lopez V, Cabello-de la Rosa JP, Gallardo-Alcañiz MJ, Vaamonde-Gamo J, Relea-Calatayud F, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Mohedano-Moriano A, Rabano A, Martinez-Marcos A. The human olfactory system in two proteinopathies: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:22. [PMID: 32493457 PMCID: PMC7271529 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Their etiologies are idiopathic, and treatments are symptomatic and orientated towards cognitive or motor deficits. Neuropathologically, both are proteinopathies with pathological aggregates (plaques of amyloid-β peptide and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease, and Lewy bodies mostly composed of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease). These deposits appear in the nervous system in a predictable and accumulative sequence with six neuropathological stages. Both disorders present a long prodromal period, characterized by preclinical signs including hyposmia. Interestingly, the olfactory system, particularly the anterior olfactory nucleus, is initially and preferentially affected by the pathology. Cerebral atrophy revealed by magnetic resonance imaging must be complemented by histological analyses to ascertain whether neuronal and/or glial loss or neuropil remodeling are responsible for volumetric changes. It has been proposed that these proteinopathies could act in a prion-like manner in which a misfolded protein would be able to force native proteins into pathogenic folding (seeding), which then propagates through neurons and glia (spreading). Existing data have been examined to establish why some neuronal populations are vulnerable while others are resistant to pathology and to what extent glia prevent and/or facilitate proteinopathy spreading. Connectomic approaches reveal a number of hubs in the olfactory system (anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory entorhinal cortex and cortical amygdala) that are key interconnectors with the main hubs (the entorhinal-hippocampal-cortical and amygdala-dorsal motor vagal nucleus) of network dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ernesto Rioja-Corroto
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sandra Villar-Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Veronica Astillero-Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | - Julia Vaamonde-Gamo
- Neurology Service, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Lucia Gonzalez-Lopez
- Pathology Service, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Rabano
- Neuropathology Department and Tissue Bank, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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30
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Chernoff YO, Grizel AV, Rubel AA, Zelinsky AA, Chandramowlishwaran P, Chernova TA. Application of yeast to studying amyloid and prion diseases. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2020; 105:293-380. [PMID: 32560789 PMCID: PMC7527210 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are fibrous cross-β protein aggregates that are capable of proliferation via nucleated polymerization. Amyloid conformation likely represents an ancient protein fold and is linked to various biological or pathological manifestations. Self-perpetuating amyloid-based protein conformers provide a molecular basis for transmissible (infectious or heritable) protein isoforms, termed prions. Amyloids and prions, as well as other types of misfolded aggregated proteins are associated with a variety of devastating mammalian and human diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and transthyretinopathies. In yeast and fungi, amyloid-based prions control phenotypically detectable heritable traits. Simplicity of cultivation requirements and availability of powerful genetic approaches makes yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae an excellent model system for studying molecular and cellular mechanisms governing amyloid formation and propagation. Genetic techniques allowing for the expression of mammalian or human amyloidogenic and prionogenic proteins in yeast enable researchers to capitalize on yeast advantages for characterization of the properties of disease-related proteins. Chimeric constructs employing mammalian and human aggregation-prone proteins or domains, fused to fluorophores or to endogenous yeast proteins allow for cytological or phenotypic detection of disease-related protein aggregation in yeast cells. Yeast systems are amenable to high-throughput screening for antagonists of amyloid formation, propagation and/or toxicity. This review summarizes up to date achievements of yeast assays in application to studying mammalian and human disease-related aggregating proteins, and discusses both limitations and further perspectives of yeast-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury O Chernoff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anastasia V Grizel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Rubel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Andrew A Zelinsky
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana A Chernova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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31
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Jiang R, Wu XF, Wang B, Guan RX, Lv LM, Li AP, Lei L, Ma Y, Li N, Li QF, Ma QH, Zhao J, Li S. Reduction of NgR in perforant path decreases amyloid-β peptide production and ameliorates synaptic and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:47. [PMID: 32331528 PMCID: PMC7181577 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid beta (Aβ) which is recognized as a main feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been proposed to "spread" through anatomically and functionally connected brain regions. The entorhinal cortex and perforant path are the earliest affected brain regions in AD. The perforant path is the most vulnerable circuit in the cortex with respect to both aging and AD. Previous data show that the origins and terminations of the perforant path are susceptible to amyloid deposition at the younger age in AD. Nogo receptor (NgR) plays an essential role in limiting injury-induced axonal growth and experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain. It has been suggested that NgR is involved in AD pathological features, but the results have been conflicting and the detailed mechanism needs further investigation. In this study, the effect of NgR in the perforant path on the pathological and functional phenotype of APP/PS1 transgenic mice was studied. METHODS To genetically manipulate NgR expression, adeno-associated virus (AAV) with short hairpin (shRNA) against NgR was injected into the perforant path of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, followed by an assessment of behavioral, synaptic plasticity and neuropathological phenotypes. NgR was overexpressed or knockdown in neuroblastoma N2a cells and APPswe/HEK293 cells to investigate the interaction between NgR and amyloid precursor protein (APP). RESULTS It is shown that reduction of NgR in the perforant path rescued cognitive and synaptic deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Concurrently, Aβ production in the perforant path and levels of soluble Aβ and amyloid plaques in the hippocampus were significantly decreased. There was a positive correlation between the total APP protein level and NgR expression both in transgenic mice and in cultured cells, where the α-secretase and β-secretase cleavage products both changed with APP level in parallel. Finally, NgR might inhibit APP degradation through lysosome by Rho/Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that perforant path NgR plays an important role in regulating APP/Aβ level and cognitive functions in AD transgenic mice, which might be related to the suppression of APP degradation by NgR. Our study suggests that NgR in the perforant path could be a potential target for modulating AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Fei Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rong-Xiao Guan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lang-Man Lv
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ai-Ping Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi-Fa Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shao Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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32
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Promiscuous Roles of Autophagy and Proteasome in Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083028. [PMID: 32344772 PMCID: PMC7215558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) are commonly implicated in protein aggregation and toxicity which manifest in a number of neurological disorders. In fact, both UPS and autophagy alterations are bound to the aggregation, spreading and toxicity of the so-called prionoid proteins, including alpha synuclein (α-syn), amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, huntingtin, superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), TAR-DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS). Recent biochemical and morphological studies add to this scenario, focusing on the coordinated, either synergistic or compensatory, interplay that occurs between autophagy and the UPS. In fact, a number of biochemical pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transcription factor EB (TFEB), Bcl2-associated athanogene 1/3 (BAG3/1) and glycogen synthase kinase beta (GSk3β), which are widely explored as potential targets in neurodegenerative proteinopathies, operate at the crossroad between autophagy and UPS. These biochemical steps are key in orchestrating the specificity and magnitude of the two degradation systems for effective protein homeostasis, while intermingling with intracellular secretory/trafficking and inflammatory pathways. The findings discussed in the present manuscript are supposed to add novel viewpoints which may further enrich our insight on the complex interactions occurring between cell-clearing systems, protein misfolding and propagation. Discovering novel mechanisms enabling a cross-talk between the UPS and autophagy is expected to provide novel potential molecular targets in proteinopathies.
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33
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Karamujić-Čomić H, Ahmad S, Lysen TS, Heshmatollah A, Roshchupkin GV, Vernooij MW, Rozemuller AJM, Ikram MA, Amin N, van Duijn CM. Prion protein codon 129 polymorphism in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa030. [PMID: 32954288 PMCID: PMC7425338 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a rare, fatal, neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation of abnormally folded prion proteins. The common polymorphism at codon 129 (methionine/valine) in the prion protein (PRNP) gene is the most important determinant of genetic susceptibility. Homozygotes of either allele have a higher risk of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Various studies suggest that this polymorphism is also involved in other forms of dementia. We studied the association between the codon 129 polymorphism of the PRNP gene and mild cognitive impairment in 3605 participants from the Rotterdam Study using logistic regression analyses. Subsequently, we studied the association between this polymorphism and incident dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, in 11 070 participants using Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses were adjusted for age and sex. We found the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment to be higher for carriers of the methionine/methionine genotype (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.78; P = 0.005) as well as for carriers of the valine/valine genotype (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–1.97; P = 0.08). The codon 129 polymorphism was not associated with the risk of incident dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. In conclusion, we found a statistically significant higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in carriers of the methionine/methionine genotype in the codon 129 polymorphism of the PRNP gene within this population-based study. No associations were found between the codon 129 polymorphism and dementia or Alzheimer’s disease in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hata Karamujić-Čomić
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,National Prion Disease Registry, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thom S Lysen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,National Prion Disease Registry, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alis Heshmatollah
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,National Prion Disease Registry, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gennady V Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,National Prion Disease Registry, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,National Prion Disease Registry, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Yeast Models for Amyloids and Prions: Environmental Modulation and Drug Discovery. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183388. [PMID: 31540362 PMCID: PMC6767215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are self-perpetuating protein aggregates causing neurodegenerative diseases in mammals. Prions are transmissible protein isoforms (usually of amyloid nature). Prion features were recently reported for various proteins involved in amyloid and neural inclusion disorders. Heritable yeast prions share molecular properties (and in the case of polyglutamines, amino acid composition) with human disease-related amyloids. Fundamental protein quality control pathways, including chaperones, the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy are highly conserved between yeast and human cells. Crucial cellular proteins and conditions influencing amyloids and prions were uncovered in the yeast model. The treatments available for neurodegenerative amyloid-associated diseases are few and their efficiency is limited. Yeast models of amyloid-related neurodegenerative diseases have become powerful tools for high-throughput screening for chemical compounds and FDA-approved drugs that reduce aggregation and toxicity of amyloids. Although some environmental agents have been linked to certain amyloid diseases, the molecular basis of their action remains unclear. Environmental stresses trigger amyloid formation and loss, acting either via influencing intracellular concentrations of the amyloidogenic proteins or via heterologous inducers of prions. Studies of environmental and physiological regulation of yeast prions open new possibilities for pharmacological intervention and/or prophylactic procedures aiming on common cellular systems rather than the properties of specific amyloids.
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35
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Rossi M, Kai H, Baiardi S, Bartoletti-Stella A, Carlà B, Zenesini C, Capellari S, Kitamoto T, Parchi P. The characterization of AD/PART co-pathology in CJD suggests independent pathogenic mechanisms and no cross-seeding between misfolded Aβ and prion proteins. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:53. [PMID: 30961668 PMCID: PMC6454607 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicating a role of the human prion protein (PrP) in amyloid-beta (Aβ) formation or a synergistic effect between Aβ and prion pathology remains controversial. Conflicting results also concern the frequency of the association between the two protein misfolding disorders and the issue of whether the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) and the prion protein gene (PRNP), the major modifiers of Aβ- and PrP-related pathologies, also have a pathogenic role in other proteinopathies, including tau neurofibrillary degeneration. Here, we thoroughly characterized the Alzheimer’s disease/primary age-related tauopathy (AD/PART) spectrum in a series of 450 cases with definite sporadic or genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Moreover, we analyzed: (i) the effect of variables known to affect CJD pathogenesis and the co-occurring Aβ- and tau-related pathologies; (II) the influence of APOE genotype on CJD pathology, and (III) the effect of AD/PART co-pathology on the clinical CJD phenotype. AD/PART characterized 74% of CJD brains, with 53.3% and 8.2% showing low or intermediate-high levels of AD pathology, and 12.4 and 11.8% definite or possible PART. There was no significant correlation between variables affecting CJD (i.e., disease subtype, prion strain, PRNP genotype) and those defining the AD/PART spectrum (i.e., ABC score, Thal phase, prevalence of CAA and Braak stage), and no difference in the distribution of APOE ε4 and ε2 genotypes among CJD subtypes. Moreover, AD/PART co-pathology did not significantly affect the clinical presentation of typical CJD, except for a tendency to increase the frequency of cognitive symptoms. Altogether, the present results seem to exclude an increased prevalence AD/PART co-pathology in sporadic and genetic CJD, and indicate that largely independent pathogenic mechanisms drive AD/PART and CJD pathology even when they coexist in the same brain.
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36
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Rankovic M, Zweckstetter M. Upregulated levels and pathological aggregation of abnormally phosphorylated Tau-protein in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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