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Smith CB, Gao A, Bravo P, Alam A. Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Campylobacter jejuni Infection by Escalating Intestinal Inflammation, Epithelial Damage, and Barrier Disruption. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.10.588895. [PMID: 38645062 PMCID: PMC11030326 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between Campylobacter jejuni , a critical foodborne cause of gastroenteritis, and the intestinal microbiota during infection are not completely understood. The crosstalk between C. jejuni and its host is impacted by the gut microbiota through mechanisms of competitive exclusion, microbial metabolites, or immune response. To investigate the role of gut microbiota on C. jejuni pathogenesis, we examined campylobacteriosis in the IL10KO mouse model, which was characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of intestinal proteobacteria, E. coli , and inflammatory cytokines during C. jejuni infection. We also found a significantly increased abundance of microbial metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in the colonic lumens of IL10KO mice. We further investigated the effects of TMAO on C. jejuni pathogenesis. We determined that C. jejuni senses TMAO as a chemoattractant and the administration of TMAO promotes C. jejuni invasion into Caco-2 monolayers. TMAO also increased the transmigration of C. jejuni across polarized monolayers of Caco-2 cells, decreased TEER, and increased C. jejuni -mediated intestinal barrier damage. Interestingly, TMAO treatment and presence during C. jejuni infection of Caco-2 cells synergistically caused an increased inflammatory cytokine expression, specifically IL-1β and IL-8. These results establish that C. jejuni utilizes microbial metabolite TMAO for increased virulence during infection.
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Alam A, Soeroto AA, Susilohadi RA, Chandra LA. Severity of COVID-19 manifestations in HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:2569-2583. [PMID: 38567616 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among people living with HIV (PLWH) is experiencing major increases. This demographic is vulnerable due to compromised immune function, but the individuals are subjected to antiretroviral therapy (ART), which shows potential as a treatment for the pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the severity of various forms of COVID-19 in PLWH as opposed to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study followed PRISMA guidelines and included a systematic review of literature from Pubmed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library, comprising English-language articles from 2019 to 2022. This study included articles discussing HIV and COVID-19 case prevalence data by severity. A random effect model was used to demonstrate the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 among PLWH, as well as the prevalence of moderate and critical severity of COVID-19 among PLWH. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to assess the quality of studies. This study is registered in INPLASY No. INPLASY2023100063. RESULTS Out of a total of 1,965 articles relevant to the specified keyword combination, 13 articles conformed with inclusion and exclusion criteria. For HIV and non-HIV COVID-19 patients, the mean age was 52.98 ± 6.45 years and 55.84 ± 9.73 years, respectively. Approximately 73% of HIV COVID-19 patients were male. Symptoms among PLWH included fever (57%), cough (48.9%), and shortness of breath (37%). The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 among PLWH was 3.0% (95% CI, 1.0 - 8.5%), with critical, moderate, and mild severity in 4.8% (95% CI, 1.6 - 13.3%), 24.4% (95% CI, 1.9 - 29.8%), and 9.9% (95% CI, 1.9 - 38%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS PLWHs and HIV-negative individuals showed comparable rates and intensity of COVID-19. ART users exhibited immunological health comparable to immunocompetent people, demonstrating the essential role of ART in reducing the severity and mortality of PLWH with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alam
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Division, Department of Child Health, Universitas Padjadjaran-Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
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Iqbal W, Iram U, Nisar S, Musa N, Alam A, Khan MR, Ullah B, Ullah M, Ali I. Epidemiology and clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e249124. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.249124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Current cross-sectional study was carried out between September 2019 to January 2020 at the Department of Pathology, Mardan Medical Complex (MMC), Mardan, and District Headquarter Hospital North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence of leishmaniasis and its associated risk factors in selected districts of KP province, Pakistan. Altogether, three hundred and seventy-four (n=374) leishmaniosis patients were included in the current study. Skin specimen from the ulcer border were collected. The slides were stained by Giemsa stain and examined for the presence of amastigote. The prevalence of leishmania infected patients in different region of KP were as follows: North Waziristan region 53.7 (n=201) District Mardan 34.7% (n=130); District Nowshera 6.7% (n=25), District Swabi 1.1% (n=4) and other Districts i.e. Dir, Malakand, Buner and Bajawarr were 3.7% (n=14). The frequency of leishmaniasis were more in male and majority of the infected patients were in the age group of <10 years. Among n=374 patients 95.7% (n= 358) had cutaneous leishmaniasis while 3% (n= 11) had mucocutaneous type of infection and 1.3% (n= 5) patients had both cutaneous and mucocutaneous infection. Upon treatment by Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) 97% (n=362) showed clinical signs of complete or partial recovery of their skin lesions. Conclusively, highest incidence of leishmania infection occurred during short study period and majority of the cases showed positive response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Iqbal
- The University of Haripur, Pakistan; Mardan Medical Complex, Pakistan
| | - U. Iram
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - S. Nisar
- Bacha Khan Medical College, Pakistan
| | - N. Musa
- Khyber Medical College, Pakistan
| | - A. Alam
- Khyber Medical College, Pakistan
| | | | - B. Ullah
- Khyber Medical University, Pakistan
| | - M. Ullah
- Khyber Medical University, Pakistan
| | - I. Ali
- Khyber Medical University, Pakistan
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Fathallah N, Akaffou M, Haouari MA, Spindler L, Alam A, Barré A, Pommaret E, Fels A, de Parades V. Deep remission improves the quality of life of patients with Crohn's disease and anoperineal fistula treated with darvadstrocel: results of a French pilot study. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:1201-1210. [PMID: 36811811 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The injection of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into anal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease has never been evaluated in "real-life" conditions in France. METHODS We prospectively studied the first patients receiving MSC injections at our center and undergoing 12 months of follow-up. The primary endpoint was the clinical and radiological response rate. The secondary endpoints were symptomatic efficacy, safety, anal continence, quality of life (Crohn's anal fistula-quality of life scale, CAF-QoL), and predictive factors of success. RESULTS We included 27 consecutive patients. The complete clinical and radiological response rates at M12 were 51.9% and 50%, respectively. The combined complete clinical-radiological response (deep remission) rate was 34.6%. No major adverse effects or changes in anal continence were reported. The perianal disease activity index decreased from 6.4 to 1.6 (p < 0.001) for all patients. The CAF-QoL score also decreased from 54.0 to 25.5 (p < 0.001). At the end of the study, M12, the CAF-QoL score was significantly lower only in patients with a complete combined clinical-radiological response relative to those without a complete clinical-radiological response (15.0 versus 32.8, p = 0.01). Having a multibranching fistula and infliximab treatment were associated with a combined complete clinical-radiological response. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms reported efficacy data for the injection of MSC for complex anal fistulas in Crohn's disease. It also shows a positive impact on the quality of life of patients, particularly those for whom a combined clinical-radiological response was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fathallah
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France.
| | - M Akaffou
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - M A Haouari
- Radiology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - L Spindler
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - A Alam
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - A Barré
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - E Pommaret
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - A Fels
- Clinical Research Centre, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - V de Parades
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
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Aggarwal R, Mukhopadhyay I, George R, Alam A. Patient safety in radiology: Our experience. Med J Armed Forces India 2023; 79:373-377. [PMID: 37441298 PMCID: PMC10334132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Present-day radiology departments have very high footfall of patients and are prone to patient safety errors. This study analyses such errors in our hospital. Methods Observational cross-sectional analysis of errors over the last 30 months was performed. These were classified using the Eindhoven classification model into technical, organizational, and human errors. Technical errors focused on equipment safety. Organizational errors related to policies. Human errors were subclassified as per the skill rule knowledge model. Root cause analysis was performed wherever necessary, and possible mitigation strategies for ensuring safety were suggested. Errors peculiar to the Armed Forces environment were specifically addressed. Results Seventy-seven errors were analyzed. Two were equipment based including faulty pressure injector syringes and radiation leakage from the computed tomography gantry. Of 44 skill-based errors, 09 involved dispatch of wrong reports to dependents owing to identifying patients with serving personnel's name. Four were due to scanning wrong sites. Eleven involved reporting abnormality on the wrong side. Six involved underreporting due to not viewing specific images. The rest were due to failure to omit conflicting elements in the report. Rule-based errors included wrong protocol selection (9 errors), omitting a particular sequence due to individual preference (6 errors), and so on. Knowledge-based errors were due to misinterpretation of findings (4 errors), reporting an abnormality as normal (3 errors), and selection of wrong modality (3 errors). Conclusion The findings of this study highlights the importance of voluntary reporting, diligent recording, and in-depth analysis of errors for understanding the causes and formulating possible mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Aggarwal
- Senior Advisor (Radiology), 7 Air Force Hospital, Kanpur, India
| | - Indrani Mukhopadhyay
- Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - R.A. George
- Senior Advisor (Radiology), Command Hospital (Air Force), Bengaluru, India
| | - A. Alam
- Commandant, Command Hospital (Western Command), Chandimandir, India
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Maliakkal N, Shakoor H, McKean S, Harrison C, van Zyl J, Patel R, Sherwood M, Hall S, Alam A. Impella 5.5 Use as a Bridge to Transplant in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Alam A, Jeay M, Roger C, Spindler L, Barré A, de Parades V. An increasingly frequent rash to be aware of…. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:165-166. [PMID: 35996043 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-022-02692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Alam
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France.
| | - M Jeay
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - C Roger
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - L Spindler
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - A Barré
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - V de Parades
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
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Chen C, Liao J, Xia Y, Liu X, Jones R, Haran J, McCormick B, Sampson TR, Alam A, Ye K. Gut microbiota regulate Alzheimer's disease pathologies and cognitive disorders via PUFA-associated neuroinflammation. Gut 2022; 71:2233-2252. [PMID: 35017199 PMCID: PMC10720732 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to investigate the role of gut dysbiosis in triggering inflammation in the brain and its contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. DESIGN We analysed the gut microbiota composition of 3×Tg mice in an age-dependent manner. We generated germ-free 3×Tg mice and recolonisation of germ-free 3×Tg mice with fecal samples from both patients with AD and age-matched healthy donors. RESULTS Microbial 16S rRNA sequencing revealed Bacteroides enrichment. We found a prominent reduction of cerebral amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles pathology in germ-free 3×Tg mice as compared with specific-pathogen-free mice. And hippocampal RNAseq showed that inflammatory pathway and insulin/IGF-1 signalling in 3×Tg mice brain are aberrantly altered in the absence of gut microbiota. Poly-unsaturated fatty acid metabolites identified by metabolomic analysis, and their oxidative enzymes were selectively elevated, corresponding with microglia activation and inflammation. AD patients' gut microbiome exacerbated AD pathologies in 3×Tg mice, associated with C/EBPβ/asparagine endopeptidase pathway activation and cognitive dysfunctions compared with healthy donors' microbiota transplants. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that a complex gut microbiome is required for behavioural defects, microglia activation and AD pathologies, the gut microbiome contributes to pathologies in an AD mouse model and that dysbiosis of the human microbiome might be a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jianming Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rheinallt Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beth McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disorders Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Mustafa G, Hossain MS, Sheikh SH, Faruk I, Taher MA, Ferdaus AM, Fatema B, Alam A, Tasnim T. Clinical Outcome of 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate Topical Ointment Compared to Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy in the Treatment of Patient with Chronic Anal Fissure: A Randomized Control Trial. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:1034-1039. [PMID: 36189549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of topical 0.2% Glyceryl trinitrate topical (GTN) ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. This randomized control trial was carried out in the Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from May 2015 to April 2016. Total 94 patients were included in this trial, where 47(50.0%) patients were treated by 0.2% GTN ointment as Trial group 12 hourly for 8 weeks and 47(50.0%) patients by lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) as Control group in this study. Patients were randomized in two groups by lottery following purposive sampling. Post-procedural outcome variables with 6 months follow up were evaluated. Majority of the patients were found in between 20 to 40 years of age in both groups. The mean age was 34.6±10.4 years and 33.2±8.6 years in GTN and LIS respectively. Overall male female ratio was 0.88:1. All (100.0%) patients presented with pain in anus and 86.15% patients presented with per rectal bleeding. Pain relief in GTN arm versus LIS arm in 2nd and 6th week was 55.31% vs. 76.6%, 74.5% vs. 87.23% with no significant difference between two groups. But at 6 month it was 57.44% vs. 93.6% respectively. The fall in pain relief at 6th month in GTN arm was due to recurrence of fissure. At the end of 2nd, 6th week and 6month, cessation of bleeding improved gradually in both groups after treatment but the improvement was significantly better in LIS group than in GTN group indicating sphincterotomy stops bleeding better. Healing after 2nd week in both groups was minimum but equal 2(4.26%) patients. After 6 weeks LIS group had significant better healing than GTN 40(85.1%) versus 26(55.3%) with p value <0.001. In 6 month time GTN group had increased healing but LIS group had significant better healing than GTN group 42(89.36) vs. 32(68.08) with p value 0.004. Transient flatus and liquid incontinence were 8.51% and 6.4% respectively in LIS group with 0.0% in GTN group. Headache and recurrence were significantly higher in GTN group 61.7% and 34.04% with p<0.001. Lateral internal anal sphincterotomy is superior to the topical application of 0.2% nitroglycerin ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure with the advantages of good symptomatic relief, high rate of healing and a very low rate of transient continence disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mustafa
- Dr Golam Mustafa, Assistant Professor, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Klein M, Watson D, Castro M, Kapoor S, Nair P, Rajagopalan S, Macpherson M, Christie J, Alam A, Qin H, Glaser M, Lala D, Prasad S, G P, Ullal Y, Sahu D, Kulkarni S, Narvekar Y, Ghosh A, Choudhury S, Birajdar S, Roy K, Singh D, Kumar C, Joseph V, Mundkur N, Patel S, Ganti A. EP16.03-024 Cellworks Singula™ Therapy Response Index (TRI) Identifies Superior OS Outcomes for NSCLC Patients: myCare-203A. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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van Zyl J, Afzal A, Alam A, Parker L, Meyer D, Carey S. Impact on Donor Derived Cell Free DNA (dd-cfDNA) of Procurement Using Paragonix SherpaPak™ (SP) Cardiac Transport System versus ICE Transportation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hasse J, Alam A, Jackson R, Parker L, Felius J, Lima B, van Zyl J. Body Composition After Cardiac Transplantation via Bioimpedance Spectroscopy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Islam MR, Ahmed S, Mostafa MG, Khan L, Alam MM, Alam A, Ahmed MB, Rahman MA. Predictors of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:372-378. [PMID: 35383753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid swellings are common clinical problem throughout the world and also in Bangladesh. Most of thyroid swellings are multinodular, but a good percentage is solitary thyroid nodule. There is no robust, feasible method for malignancy differentiation has not been well established. The study evaluated thyroid nodules for risk of malignancy and compared history, clinical, sonographic features and FNAC findings with histopathology. This was a cross sectional study on 160 consecutive subjects of thyroid nodules done in the department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh during from July 2018 to December 2019. All patients were admitted and diagnosed by detail history, clinical examination, investigations and underwent thyroidectomy. Detailed history, clinical examination, ultrasonographic finding and FNAC variables were documented retrospectively and a mathematical model was established for malignancy prediction. In this study mean age of the patients of thyroid nodules was 37.54±11.49 years and majority of the patients were within 21-40 years of age. Frequency of thyroid nodules is more in female with male female ratio 1:7. Most of the thyroid nodules appeared in this study within 0-2 years (61.9%). In this series of thyroid nodules constituted 88.1% firm, 8.8% hard, 3.1% cystic. Among the patients 89(55.6%) cases have solitary thyroid nodule and 71(44.4%) cases have multinodular goitre Majority of the nodules were warm 57.5% followed by cold 42.5%. FNAC showed nodular goitre 72.5%, Follicular neoplasm 1.3%, Papillary carcinoma of thyroid 7.5%, colloid goitre 9.4%, suspicious papillary carcinoma 3.8% and lymphocytic thyroiditis 1.3%. In this study out of 85 solid nodule, 69(81.18%) were benign and 16(18.82%) was malignant and out of 3 cystic nodule 3(100%) were benign. In this study most of the benign and malignant nodules were predominantly solid. Study showed the malignancy is significantly (p=0.001) more in solid than cystic nodules. Final diagnosis in this study was done on the basis of histopathological reports. Out of 160 patients, histopathologically benign lesion was 120(75%) and malignant was 40(25%). Among malignant cases 36(22.5%) cases were papillary carcinoma, 1 case was medullary carcinoma and 3 cases were follicular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Islam
- Dr Md Rafiqul Islam, Associate Professor, ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Park S, Milligan G, Spak C, Sherwood M, Hall S, Alam A. Managing Infectious Complications in the Immunocompromised Stage D Heart Failure Patient: A Case of Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Blair J, Miranda CG, Enter D, Alam A. Abnormal Surveillance Echo Parameters Following Orthotopic Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Alam A, Uriel N, Shah K, Shah P, Zeng J, Dhingra R, Bellumkonda L, Pinney S, DePasquale E, Hall S. Impact of Donor Characteristics on AlloSure Scores. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rai A, Singh R, Mehana O, Alam A. 164 Testicular Torsion: A Race to Beat the Golden Hours. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Testicular torsion is a condition requiring immediate attention and the golden time period for its management is 6 hours at which rate of salvageability of the testes is 90 percent (NICE). This decreases considerably with passing time. Imaging has minimal value.
Method
The electronic data of 36 patients from June 2020 to May 2021 were reviewed and analysed. Majority of patients were between the age of 11–20 i.e., 21. We analysed the mode of admission of these patients, the time between the A&E triage and surgical clerking and A&E triage and induction of anaesthesia.
Results
Majority (70 percent) patients were admitted through Emergency A&E. The time between the A&E triage and surgical clerking was less than 30 minutes for 10 patients while 11 patients had no proper documentation of time. The time between the A&E triage and the induction of anaesthesia was less than 6 hours in 23 patients, and more than 6 hours for 7 of them. 14 underwent Scrotal Exploration and Bilateral orchidopexy and 13 orchidectomies. Out of 13 orchidectomies, 6 had crossed the golden time period at the time of induction. Out of 10 patients booked for USS testis, 8 underwent Orchidectomy and 6 had crossed the golden hour (6 Hours).
Conclusions
Early presentation, diagnosis and exploration of testicular torsion improves the salvable rate of testes. 6 patients who underwent USS testis passed the golden timeframe which shows that there is a scope for faster and appropriate management of testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rai
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - R. Singh
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - O. Mehana
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - A. Alam
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
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18
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Nayab S, Alam A, A. Khan F, Khan H, Khan S, A. Khan F. Synthesis, characterization and urease inhibitory activities of Zn(II) complexes bearing C1-symmetric ligands derived from (R)-phenylethanamine. B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v35i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. A series of Zn(II) complexes, supported with N-substituted phenylethanamine derivatives, [LnZnCl2] (where Ln = LA ((R)-1-phenyl-N-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)ethanamine; LB (R)-N-(5-meyhylthiophene-2-yl)methyl-1-phenylethanamine; LC ((R)-N-(furan-2-ylmeththyl)-1-phenylethanamine and LD (R)-N-((5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl)-1-phenylethanamine) were synthesized and characterized. The urease inhibitory activities of these complexes were determined against selected urease inhibitors where [LBZnCl2] was found to be the most prominent inhibitor of Jack bean urease (J. B. urease) (IC50 = 10.39±0.78 μM), whereas the activity of Bacillus pasteurii urease (B. P. urease) was predominantly inhibited by [LAZnCl2] (IC50 = 8.68±0.7 μM). Additionally, MOE-Dock program was used to affirm the probable binding modes of these complexes into the crystal structure of J. B. urease which certainly verified the inhibitory mechanism of these novel complexes.
KEY WORDS: Zn(II) complexes, (R)-Phenylethanamine, Urease inhibition, Molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 301-314.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.7
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19
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Alam A, Fathallah N, Spindler L, El Mituialy A, Pommaret E, Benfredj P, Rentien AL, Aubert M, Safa Far E, Fellous K, Abbes L, Beaussier H, de Parades V. Hemorrhoidal surgery in patients with IBD: caution is the parent of safety. Tech Coloproctol 2021; 25:1319-1321. [PMID: 34609635 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-021-02531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of hemorrhoidal surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing surgery at our center. METHODS All adult patients with IBD undergoing hemorrhoidal surgery in our department between November 1, 2013 and July 7, 2020 were included in the study. At the time of surgery, the patients' IBD was in clinical, biological and endoscopic remission, and none of the patients had specific primary anoperineal lesions. RESULTS We included 25 patients (48% female) with a mean age 48 years (± 13.1 years). There were 13 cases of CD (52%) and 12 of ulcerative colitis (UC). Pharmacological and instrumental hemorrhoidal treatment had failed in all patients. The CD lesions were exclusively ileal (77%) or ileocolic (23%). The surgical procedures performed for CD were mono-hemorrhoidectomy in three patients (21.4%), tripedicular hemorrhoidectomy in six patients (42.9%), and artery ligations with mucopexy in five patients (35.7%). UC was rectal (16.7%), rectosigmoid (66.7%), or pancolic (16.6%). The surgical procedures performed for UC were a tripedicular hemorrhoidectomy in ten patients (83.3%) and artery ligations with mucopexy in two patients (16.7%). The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 15.1 months. None of the patients was lost to follow-up. The mean time to wound healing after resection was 71.1 days (± 21 days) for patients with CD and 56.9 days (± 6.7 days) for patients with UC (p = 0.05). Postoperative complications were reported for four patients with CD (28.8%) and two patients with UC (16.7%). There was no suppuration, stenosis, or anal incontinence sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Hemorrhoidal surgery resulted in a non-negligible frequency of complications in our series of IBD patients, especially in those with CD. Caution is, therefore, still necessary in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alam
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France.
| | - N Fathallah
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - L Spindler
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - A El Mituialy
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - E Pommaret
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - P Benfredj
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - A L Rentien
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - M Aubert
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - E Safa Far
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - K Fellous
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - L Abbes
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
| | - H Beaussier
- Department of Clinical Research, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - V de Parades
- Department of MedicoSurgical Proctology, Institut Léopold Bellan, Paris, France
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20
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Yuwono Soeroto A, Purwiga A, Alam A, Prasetya D. Plasma convalescent decrease mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:4841-4853. [PMID: 34337734 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202107_26398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Convalescent Plasma (CP) in reducing mortality of COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted from PubMed, Embase, Medrxiv, and Google Scholar from April and finalized in December 2020 using the following terms: covid-19, convalescent plasma, cp, ccp, copla. The studies were screened, extracted, and evaluated by two authors independently. Comparative retrospective or prospective studies with a control group were included. Mortality was defined as the outcome of interest. Research articles not published in the English language, not available in full text, review articles, no measured outcome of interest were excluded from this study. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. There were 5658 patients with 2092 patients treated with CP and 3536 patients as a control group. Forest plot showed CP use was associated with decreased mortality with OR = 0.64 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.84, p<0.001) and heterogeneity (I2)= 27.62%. Few patients experienced an adverse event, but no fatal case was reported. CONCLUSIONS Convalescent plasma is effective in reducing mortality of severe and critical COVID-19 with tolerable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yuwono Soeroto
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
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21
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Abstract
AbstractCardiac MRI is a valuable and an accurate modality used in the evaluation of structure and function of the heart. It is increasingly considered as a useful non invasive examination in management of cardiovascular conditions, a situation resulting from significant advances in MR technologies. Evaluation of congenital heart disease is an important application of Cardiac MRI since the morphological details of chambers, septum, defects and anomalous connections are depicted accurately. Additionally, flow information across valves, chambers, outflow tracts and shunts are also provided. Its utility is further increased especially during follow up of patients after corrective surgery. This article reviews current state-of-the-art MRI application in common congenital heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- MN Sree Ram
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AMFC, Pune, India
| | - CM Sreedhar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AMFC, Pune, India
| | - A Alam
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AMFC, Pune, India
| | - IK Indrajit
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AMFC, Pune, India
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22
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Chen C, Zhou Y, Wang H, Alam A, Kang SS, Ahn EH, Liu X, Jia J, Ye K. Gut inflammation triggers C/EBPβ/δ-secretase-dependent gut-to-brain propagation of Aβ and Tau fibrils in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106320. [PMID: 34260075 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some evidence suggests that misfolded protein aggregates found in AD brains may have originated from the gut, but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not fully understood. C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling in the colon was investigated in a 3xTg AD mouse model in an age-dependent manner. We applied chronic administration of 1% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to trigger gut leakage or colonic injection of Aβ or Tau fibrils or AD patient brain lysates in 3xTg mice and combined it with excision/cutting of the gut-brain connecting vagus nerve (vagotomy), in order to explore the role of the gut-brain axis in the development of AD-like pathologies and to monitor C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling under those conditions. We found that C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling is temporally activated in the gut of AD patients and 3xTg mice, initiating formation of Aβ and Tau fibrils that spread to the brain. DSS treatment promotes gut leakage and facilitates AD-like pathologies in both the gut and the brain of 3xTg mice in a C/EBPβ/δ-secretase-dependent manner. Vagotomy selectively blunts this signaling, attenuates Aβ and Tau pathologies, and restores learning and memory. Aβ or Tau fibrils or AD patient brain lysates injected into the colon propagate from the gut into the brain via the vagus nerve, triggering AD pathology and cognitive dysfunction. The results indicate that inflammation activates C/EBPβ/δ-secretase and initiates AD-associated pathologies in the gut, which are subsequently transmitted to the brain via the vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yunzhe Zhou
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Heibei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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23
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Luqman L, Saeed K, Muhammad K, Ahmad MS, Akbar F, Rasool A, Israr M, Jabeen H, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Alam A, Ullah S, Saeed N, Usman K, Hussain I, El Halim HMA, Khan W, Shah M. Biodiversity of orb-web spiders (family: araneidae) of buner valley, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238339. [PMID: 34161423 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research was carried out to explore the spider fauna of Buner valley with taxonomic study from February 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose samples were collected, four times at each month from 4 tehsils: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan and Totalai. Two methods were used, hand picking and sweep net for collection of samples. During day and night, three habitats, arid area, agriculture land and building area were search for collection. A total of 534 samples of spider were collected from four sampling sites, in which 379 were belonging to family Araniedae. After confirmation, the identified species were belonging to 8 genera (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia and Poltys) and 19 species. 18 of them were identified to specie level while a single specie to its generic level. The genus Neoscona was the dominant genus 26.31% having 5 species while the genus Argiope 21.05% is the second dominant having 4 species followed by Cyclosa 15.78% having 3 species followed by Cyrtophora and Araneus 10.52% having two species both. The Poltys and Larinia 5.26% are the rarest genera represent single-single specie both. Statistical analysis show that specie richness (D) = 5.77, Simpson index (1-D) = 0.87, Shannon index (H) = 2.33. Diversity of spiders was evenly distributed and calculated Evenness value was H/InS = 0.5408. There is also few atypical species and Fisher alpha estimate high value (Fisher α) = 4.42. Chao-1 estimated we have reported 22 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Luqman
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Saeed
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Muhammad
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakista
| | - M S Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Alam
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Saeed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Usman
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - I Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - W Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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24
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Nisa NU, Khan W, Khan A, Das SN, Rafiq N, Anwar K, Khan BT, Ullah I, Khan M, Alam A. Description of Lutziella swatensis sp.n. (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae) from Rattus rattus in Swat, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e225092. [PMID: 34037073 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.225092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the genus Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 is described here and named Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. from the liver of rat (Rattus rattus L.). The new species is characterized by having body flat, smooth, longer than broad with maximum width at the level of the ovary, oral sucker with weak musculature, pharynx small; eosophagus long; caeca of irregular shape which bifurcate on the anterior border of the ovary in to unequal portions, acetabulum weakly muscular, post-testicular, testes lobed, cirrus pouch somewhat median, small in size containing winding seminal vesicle, prostatic complex and short ejaculatory duct. Genital pore median. Ovary post testicular, submedian; seminal receptacle overlapping ovary, laurer's canal present. Vitellaria follicular extending on each side from almost the level of testes to anterior portion of posterior half of the body. Uterus filled with eggs occupying most of the body, eggs oval rather small, numerous, brownish in colour, excretory vesicle tubular with terminal pore. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. is the second species of the genus known from Pakistan as well as the second species described from murid rodents in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Un Nisa
- University of Karachi, Vertebrate Pest Control Institute - VPCI, Southern Zone-Agricultural Research Centre - SARC, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council - PARC old Block 9 &10, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand Chakdara Lower Dir, Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Khan
- University of Karachi, Crop Diseases Research Institute - C.D.R.I, Southern Zone-Agricultural Research Centre - SARC, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council - PARC, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S N Das
- University of Sindh, Department of Zoology, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - N Rafiq
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - K Anwar
- Veterinary Research and Diseases Investigation Center, Department of Livesstock and Dairy Development, Balogram Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - B T Khan
- University of Buner, Department of Zoology, Buner, Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- University of Agriculture Peshawar, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Alam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
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25
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Khan W, Hadi N, Dad I, Panhwar WA, Khan T, Shah M, Imran, Khan AA, Habiba U, Khaliq G, Alam A. Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis Schneider, 1799 (Amphibia: Dicroglossidae) in district Lower Dir, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e236496. [PMID: 34037074 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.236496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (the skittering frog) is one of the most widespread species in Pakistan. Present study was aimed to know the presence of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis in urban and rural areas of Lower Dir, the North-western Pakistan. A total of 33 frogs were collected, including 15 from rural and 18 from urban areas. The frogs were caught by hands covered with gloves instead of using nets. The collection was managed from August to October 2016 and from April to May 2018. Morphometric analysis, coloration as well as photographs of the frogs have been provided in detail. Skittering frogs were seen frequent in swampy areas near the water bodies. These frogs were mostly seen after sunset.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtukhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Hadi
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtukhwa, Pakistan.,Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Islam Dad
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - W A Panhwar
- University Khairpur Miris Sindh, Department of Zoology Shah Abdul Latif, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | - T Khan
- Virtual University of Lahore, Department of Molecular Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Imran
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A A Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - U Habiba
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - G Khaliq
- Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Uthal, Balochistan
| | - A Alam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
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26
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Hussain I, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Salim M, Hussain A, Noureen S, Ahmed D, Israr M, Akbar F, Rasool A, Jabeen H, Saeed K, Alam A, Sanaullah, Usman K, Saeed N, Khan W, Shah M. Systematic analysis of leisler's bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) captured from FATA region, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238337. [PMID: 33978080 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive field surveys were carried out to explore the distribution of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) in selected area of FATA regions, Pakistan. Specimens of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n5) were collected from Kurram Agency (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414) at elevation 1427m and Khyber Agency (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517) at elevation 1091m for two years survey extending from May 2013 through August 2015. The mean head and body length, hind foot length, ear length and tail length the Nyctalus leisleri specimens captured from the study area was 65.08 ± 1.58 mm, 44.06 ± 0.52 mm, 8.38 ± 0.60 mm, 13.20 ± 0.99 mm and 39.46 ± 1.46 mm, respectively. For molecular analysis the sequences of COI gene were obtained and analyzed. The mean intraspecific divergences of Nyctalus leisleri was 0.04%. The mean interspecific divergences of Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri was 0.2%. The mean concentration of each nucleotides was A = (26.3%), T = (32.8%), G = (15.9%) and C = (25.0%). The mean A+T contents were 59.2%and C+G were 40.9%. In the phylogenetic tree Nyctalus leisleri and Nyctalus noctula clustered with significant bootstrap support value.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hussain
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Salim
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Noureen
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - D Ahmed
- University of Haripur, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- University of Swat, Department of Forensic Sciences, Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Women University Mardan, Department of Microbiology, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Saeed
- University of Buner, Department of Zoology, Swari, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Alam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sanaullah
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Usman
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Saeed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Science & Fisheries, Saidu Sharif, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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27
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Raja U, Hussain YK, Qureshi H, Iqbal S, Alam A, Bidiwala S. Re: UK undergraduate aspirations and attitudes survey: do we have a perception problem in clinical radiology? Clin Radiol 2021; 76:547. [PMID: 33962780 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Raja
- King's College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | - S Iqbal
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Alam
- King's College London, London, UK
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Kopecky K, Mathew C, Gong T, Enter D, Shalabi M, Blough B, Alam A, Hall S. Drugs, Bugs, and the ECMO Unplugged: A Case of a 61-year-old with Cardiogenic Shock and Utility of Palliative Bedside ECMO De-Escalation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Milligan G, Patel N, Gong T, Mathew C, Tejani I, Hall S, Banerjee S, Minniefield N, Jermyn R, Michelis K, Cheeran D, Alam A. Procedural Safety Profile of Cardiomems Heart Failure Sensor Implantation in a Veterans Association Patient Population. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Das MC, Islam N, Hasan M, Khanam F, Alam A, Akter A, Khan MH, Rahman KS, Khan A, Das D. Pandemic Now and Then: A Historical Perspective of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Adopted In Covid-19. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:562-569. [PMID: 33830144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, China is now a major global health threat - a pandemic. Public health control measures are the cornerstones in the fight against COVID-19 in the absence of an effective vaccine or proven treatment. The aim of this review was to explore the historical use case of various public health measures adopted today to tackle COVID-19 spread. Although our knowledge about this novel coronavirus transmission is evolving over time, the fundamental non-pharmaceutical interventions e.g., handwashing, wearing a mask, physical distancing, isolation, quarantine and border control which are adopted globally at present are not new. This review highlighted that historically and religiously similar approaches were practised in the medieval past for controlling disease outbreaks. The successful implementation of the public health control measures largely depends on health systems resilience, community engagement and changes in population behaviour. Combined global efforts are essential to strengthen health systems, improve the capability of research and transparent information sharing with both public and international bodies to combat the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Das
- Dr Manik Chandra Das, Coordinator, School of Public Health and Life Sciences, University of South Asia; E-mail:
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Hamadeh A, Milligan G, Minniefield N, Cheeran D, Banerjee S, Hall S, Joseph S, Alam A. Variation in CardioMEMS Pressure Measurements Due to Frequent Changes in Altitude in a Patient with HeartMate III LVAD. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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ALKINDI F, Al Blooshi M, Al-Awadhi A, Alam A, Al Hakim M, Chaaban A, Eljack H, Budruddin M, Mzayen K, Khan I, Boobes Y. POS-690 Outcomes of Malignancy in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Khan W, Nisa NN, Ilahi I, Romman M, Parvez R, Khan N, Ujjan AA, Salim M, Hussain A, Habiba U, Alam A. Distribution of commensal rodents in rain-fed and irrigated areas of Swat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e236499. [PMID: 33729383 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.236499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Distribution pattern and relative abundance of the agricultural rodent pests of rain-fed and irrigated areas of district Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were recorded from April 2011 to November 2013 using wire mesh live traps. A total of 350 rodents (269 Rattus rattus and 81 Mus musculus) were captured under 2268 trap nights (trap success: 0.15). Regression of daily captures on cumulative captures revealed an estimate of 350 rodents from all the sampled structures with an average of 21.8 rodents per crop field. House rats (R. rattus; 76.8% of captures) were numerically dominant in almost all types of agricultural fields, and were significantly different from the mice (Mus musculus; 23.1% of captures). Both species were found together in some fields. The sex ratio revealed that males outnumbered the females in both of the reported species.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtukhwa, Pakistan
| | - N N Nisa
- Karachi University Campus Karachi,Vertebrate Pest Control Institute, Southern Zone-Agricultural Research Center, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, old Block 9&10, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - I Ilahi
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtukhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Romman
- University of Chitral, Department of Botany, Chitral, Pakistan
| | - R Parvez
- Government Girls Degree College Dargai, Department of Botany, Malakand, KP, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Islamia College University, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A A Ujjan
- University of Sindh, Institute of Plant Sciences, Allams I.I. Kazi Campus, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - M Salim
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - U Habiba
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - A Alam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Iwuala E, Odjegba V, Unung O, Alam A. Expression of stress responsive β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase genes in Arachis hypogaea seedlings against Macrophomina phaseolina. Gene Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen C, Ahn EH, Kang SS, Liu X, Alam A, Ye K. Gut dysbiosis contributes to amyloid pathology, associated with C/EBPβ/AEP signaling activation in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba0466. [PMID: 32832679 PMCID: PMC7439296 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is bidirectional, and gut microbiota influence brain disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β/asparagine endopeptidase (C/EBPβ/AEP) signaling spatiotemporally mediates AD pathologies in the brain via cleaving both β-amyloid precursor protein and Tau. We show that gut dysbiosis occurs in 5xFAD mice, and is associated with escalation of the C/EBPβ/AEP pathway in the gut with age. Unlike that of aged wild-type mice, the microbiota of aged 3xTg mice accelerate AD pathology in young 3xTg mice, accompanied by active C/EBPβ/AEP signaling in the brain. Antibiotic treatment diminishes this signaling and attenuates amyloidogenic processes in 5xFAD, improving cognitive functions. The prebiotic R13 inhibits this pathway and suppresses amyloid aggregates in the gut. R13-induced Lactobacillus salivarius antagonizes the C/EBPβ/AEP axis, mitigating gut leakage and oxidative stress. Our findings support the hypothesis that C/EBPβ/AEP signaling is activated by gut dysbiosis, implicated in AD pathologies in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Li J, Li X, Song J, Yan B, Rock S, Jia J, Liu J, Wang C, Weiss T, Weiss HL, Gao T, Alam A, Evers BM. Absence of neurotensin attenuates intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation by maintaining Mmp7/α-defensin axis in diet-induced obese mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:8596-8610. [PMID: 32359121 PMCID: PMC7754978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902374rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that high levels of plasma neurotensin (NT), a gut hormone released from enteroendocrine cells of the small bowel, contribute to obesity and comorbid conditions. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the obesity development. Paneth cells are critical in maintaining gut microbiota composition and homeostasis by releasing antimicrobial proteins including α-defensins. The purpose of our current study was to determine the possible role of NT in gut microbiota composition and α-defensin gene expression associated with obesity. Here we show that the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) and intestinal proinflammatory cytokines is significantly increased in NT+/+ mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) which were improved in NT-deficient mice. HFD disrupted the intestinal Mmp7/α-defensin axis, which was completely prevented in NT-/- mice. In addition, NT treatment inhibited DEFA5 expression and concurrent NF-κB activity, which was blocked by a pan PKC inhibitor (Gö6983) or an inhibitor for atypical PKCs (CRT0066854). More importantly, the shRNA-mediated knockdown of atypical PKCτ reversed NT-attenuated DEFA5 expression and increased NF-κB activity. NT contributes to the HFD-induced disruption of gut microbiota composition and α-defensin expression. PKCτ/λ plays a central role in NT-mediated α-defensin gene expression which might be mediated through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways in Paneth cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Baoxiang Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stephanie Rock
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jianhang Jia
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Todd Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tianyan Gao
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Matthews JD, Owens JA, Naudin CR, Saeedi BJ, Alam A, Reedy AR, Hinrichs BH, Sumagin R, Neish AS, Jones RM. Neutrophil-Derived Reactive Oxygen Orchestrates Epithelial Cell Signaling Events during Intestinal Repair. Am J Pathol 2019; 189:2221-2232. [PMID: 31472109 PMCID: PMC6892184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that reactive oxygen (eg, hydrogen peroxide) can activate host cell signaling pathways that function in repair. We show that mice deficient in their capacity to generate reactive oxygen by the NADPH oxidase 2 holoenzyme, an enzyme complex highly expressed in neutrophils and macrophages, have disrupted capacity to orchestrate signaling events that function in mucosal repair. Similar observations were made for mice after neutrophil depletion, pinpointing this cell type as the source of the reactive oxygen driving oxidation-reduction protein signaling in the epithelium. To simulate epithelial exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen produced by neutrophils and gain new insight into this oxidation-reduction signaling, epithelial cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide, biochemical experiments were conducted, and a proteome-wide screen was performed using isotope-coded affinity tags to detect proteins oxidized after exposure. This analysis implicated signaling pathways regulating focal adhesions, cell junctions, and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. These pathways are also known to act via coordinated phosphorylation events within proteins that constitute the focal adhesion complex, including focal adhesion kinase and Crk-associated substrate. We identified the Rho family small GTP-binding protein Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 and p21 activated kinases 2 as operational in these signaling and localization pathways. These data support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species from neutrophils can orchestrate epithelial cell-signaling events functioning in intestinal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Matthews
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal R Naudin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bejan J Saeedi
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - April R Reedy
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin H Hinrichs
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Illinois
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Ballesteros N, Moscardi PRM, Blachman-Braun R, Salvitti M, Alam A, Castellan M, Kozakowski K, Gosalbez R, Labbie A. Use of small intestinal submucosa for corporal body grafting in cases of epispadias and epispadias/exstrophy complex. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:406.e1-406.e6. [PMID: 31221598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male epispadias is a rare congenital urogenital anomaly in which the meatus is ectopically located along the dorsal midline of the penile shaft. In cases associated with severe curvature, functional and cosmetic outcomes could be accomplished by lengthening the shorter dorsal surface with the use of corporal grafting. Various graft materials have been used in the past for hypospadias repair including tunica vaginalis, dermis, and small intestinal submucosa (SIS). The use of SIS grafting for corporoplasty during epispadias repair has rarely been described in the literature. OBJECTIVE To report the experience in the management of dorsal corporal body grafting using SIS in children with severe penile curvature due to epispadias. STUDY DESIGN The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with epispadias or bladder exstrophy/epispadias complex and severe dorsal chordee (>40°) who underwent epispadias repair with single-layer SIS for corporal body grafting. Clinical variables, surgical technique, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS A total of nine consecutive patients underwent staged epispadias repair with dorsal corporal single-layer SIS grafting (summary figure). Of these, four (44.4%) had primary penopubic epispadias, one (11.1%) had mid-shaft epispadias, and four (44.4%) had bladder exstrophy/epispadias complex. The mean age at surgery was 13.4 ± 6 months. After phalloplasty with SIS grafting, there were no reported complications related to the graft during the post-operative period or follow-up visits. DISCUSSION Although traditional techniques for epispadias repair allow some degree of corporal lengthening, they also result in abrupt medial rotation of the corporal bodies leading to torqueing and potential unsatisfactory cosmetic results. In contrast, the authors use single-layer SIS for corporal body grafting, and this study technique results in a more gradual inward rotation thus allowing more anatomical accuracy. Furthermore, an advantage of the use of SIS over other grafting materials is that there is no need to harvest an autologous graft such as tunica vaginalis or dermis. CONCLUSION Epispadias repair using single-layer SIS corporal body grafting is an effective, safe, and feasible method, which provides satisfactory cosmesis and correction of dorsal curvature in congenital epispadias in children. Furthermore, a more normal penis appearance, without a decrease in the corporal length or diameter, is achieved with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ballesteros
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - P R M Moscardi
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - R Blachman-Braun
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Salvitti
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - A Alam
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - M Castellan
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - K Kozakowski
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - R Gosalbez
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - A Labbie
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
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Chandrasekharan B, Saeedi BJ, Alam A, Houser M, Srinivasan S, Tansey M, Jones R, Nusrat A, Neish AS. Interactions Between Commensal Bacteria and Enteric Neurons, via FPR1 Induction of ROS, Increase Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:179-192.e2. [PMID: 30930024 PMCID: PMC8733963 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Reduced gastrointestinal (GI) motility is a feature of disorders associated with intestinal dysbiosis and loss of beneficial microbes. It is not clear how consumption of beneficial commensal microbes, marketed as probiotics, affects the enteric nervous system (ENS). We studied the effects of the widely used probiotic and the commensal Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on ENS and GI motility in mice. METHODS Conventional and germ free C57B6 mice were gavaged with LGG and intestinal tissues were collected; changes in the enteric neuronal subtypes were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblots, and immunostaining. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the jejunal myenteric plexi and phosphorylation (p) of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) in the enteric ganglia were assessed by immunoblots and immunostaining. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on jejunal cryosections with probes to detect formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). GI motility in conventional mice was assessed after daily gavage of LGG for 1 week. RESULTS Feeding of LGG to mice stimulated myenteric production of ROS, increased levels of phosphorylated MAPK1, and increased expression of choline acetyl transferase by neurons (P < .001). These effects were not observed in mice given N-acetyl cysteine (a ROS inhibitor) or LGGΩSpaC (an adhesion-mutant strain of LGG) or FPR1-knockout mice. Gavage of mice with LGG for 1 week significantly increased stool frequency, reduced total GI transit time, and increased contractions of ileal circular muscle strips in ex vivo experiments (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Using mouse models, we found that LGG-mediated signaling in the ENS requires bacterial adhesion, redox mechanisms, and FPR1. This pathway might be activated to increase GI motility in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bejan J Saeedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Madelyn Houser
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; VA Medical Centre, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Malu Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rheinallt Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Alam A, Mukherjee A, Xu J, Pagan E, Hiltner E, Rios E, Pollack S, Iyer D, Mody K, Kassotis J, James D, Jermyn R, Almendral J. Validating the Newly Reported ASA Score. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Alam A, Doshi H, Hiltner E, Rios E, Kassotis J, Mody K, Iyer D, Almendral J. Efficacy and Safety of Short-Term Universal Prophylaxis for Invasive Aspergillosis after Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Alam A, Boyer D, Matthews J, Saeedi B, Wu H, Neish AS. Functional Role of Microbiota‐derived Metabolites in the GPCR‐mediated Regulation of Intestinal Wound Healing and Barrier Function. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.34.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaqul Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Darra Boyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Bejan Saeedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Huixia Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Andrew S. Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
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Alam A, Neish A. Role of gut microbiota in intestinal wound healing and barrier function. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:1539595. [PMID: 30404570 PMCID: PMC6389125 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1539595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestine harbors a highly complex and abundant ensemble of bacteria that flourish in a nutrient-rich environment while profoundly influencing many aspects of host biology. The intestine coevolved with its resident microbes in a manner where the mucosa developed a barrier function to segregate the resident microbes from the rest of the body, and yet paradoxically, allowing integration of microbial signals for the host benefit. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of why the gut microbiota is key to the efficient development and maintenance of the intestinal barrier. We also highlighted how a destabilized equilibrium between gut microbiota and the host may eventuate in a wide range of intestinal diseases characterized by the disrupted intestinal barrier. Finally, the review delineated how microenvironmental changes in the injured mucosa result in an enrichment of a pro-regenerating consortium of bacteria, which augments mucosal wound repair and restoration of barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaqul Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Andrew Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
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Wong SH, Al-Hasani H, Alam Z, Alam A. Artificial intelligence in radiology: how will we be affected? Eur Radiol 2018; 29:141-143. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Qureshi S, Saxena HM, Imam N, Kashoo Z, Sharief Banday M, Alam A, Malik MZ, Ishrat R, Bhat B. Isolation and genome analysis of a lytic Pasteurella multocida Bacteriophage PMP-GAD-IND. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:244-253. [PMID: 29808940 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently used alum precipitated and oil adjuvant vaccines against HS caused by Pasteurella multocida B:2, have side effects and short-lived immunity, leading to regular catastrophic outbreaks in bovines in Asian subcontinent. The need for the development of an improved vaccine with longer immunity and the ability to differentiate between vaccinated and infected is essential. Pasteurella phage isolated in present study belongs to family Siphoviridae. PMP-GAD-IND phage exhibited lytic activity against vaccine strain (P52) as well as several field strains of P. multocida (B:2), and fowl cholera agent (P. multocida A:1).The phage has a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) with a genome of 46 335 bp. The complete genome sequence of the Pasteurella multocida phage has been deposited in Gen Bank with accession no: KY203335. PMP-GAD-IND being a lytic phage with broad activity range has a potential to be used in therapy against multidrug resistant P. multocida infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present work is a part of research for the development of an improved phage lysate marker vaccine and a companion DIVA assay against haemorhagic septicaemia. This study describes the isolation and genome analysis of PMP-GAD-IND a lytic Pasteurella multocida bacteriophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qureshi
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSc & A.H., Shuhama (Aulesteng), SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India
| | - H M Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - N Imam
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Computer Science & Information Technology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Z Kashoo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSc & A.H., Shuhama (Aulesteng), SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India
| | - M Sharief Banday
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - A Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Z Malik
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - R Ishrat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - B Bhat
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSc & A.H., Shuhama (Aulesteng), SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India.,Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, FVSc& A.H., Shuhama (Aulesteng), SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India
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Ruskey JA, Zhou S, Santiago R, Franche LA, Alam A, Roncière L, Spiegelman D, Fon EA, Trempe JF, Kalia LV, Postuma RB, Dupre N, Rivard GE, Assouline S, Amato D, Gan-Or Z. The GBA p.Trp378Gly mutation is a probable French-Canadian founder mutation causing Gaucher disease and synucleinopathies. Clin Genet 2018; 94:339-345. [PMID: 29920646 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic GBA mutations cause Gaucher disease (GD), and heterozygous carriers are at risk for synucleinopathies. No founder GBA mutations in French-Canadians are known. GBA was fully sequenced using targeted next generation and Sanger sequencing in French-Canadian Parkinson disease (PD) patients (n = 436), rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep behavior disorder (RBD) patients (n = 189) and controls (n = 891). Haplotype, identity-by-descent (IBD) and principal component analyses (PCA) were performed using single nucleotide polymorphism-chip data. Data on GD patients from Toronto and Montreal were collected from patients' files. A GBA p.Trp378Gly mutation was identified in two RBD and four PD patients (1% of all patients combined), and not in controls. The two RBD patients had converted to DLB within 3 years of their diagnosis. Haplotype, IBD and PCA analysis demonstrated that this mutation is from a single founder. Out of 167 GD patients screened, 15 (9.0%) carried the p.Trp378Gly mutation, all in trans with p.Asn370Ser. Three (20%) of the GD patients with the p.Trp378Gly mutation had developed Parkinsonism, and 11 patients had family history of PD. The p.Trp378Gly mutation is the first French-Canadian founder GBA mutation to be described, which leads to synucleinopathies and to GD type 1 when in compound heterozygosity with p.Asn370Ser.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ruskey
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Santiago
- Department of Hematology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L-A Franche
- Axe neurosciences du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - A Alam
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L Roncière
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J-F Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L V Kalia
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - N Dupre
- Axe neurosciences du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - G-E Rivard
- Hematology/Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Assouline
- Department of Hematology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Amato
- Mark Freedman and Judy Jacobs Program for Gaucher Disease, Sinai Health System and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Gan-Or
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Alam A, Kostin A, Siegel J, McGinty D, Szymusiak R, Alam N. 0284 Sleep-active Neurons In The Median Preoptic Nucleus Exhibit Signs Of Physiological Dysfunction In Aging. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alam
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - A Kostin
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
| | - J Siegel
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D McGinty
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - R Szymusiak
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - N Alam
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Kostin A, Alam A, McGinty D, Szymusiak R, Alam N. 0285 Chronic Suppression Of Cell Proliferation And Neurogenesis Causes Premature Aging Of The Sleep-wake Organization In Young Animals. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Kostin
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
| | - A Alam
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D McGinty
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - R Szymusiak
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - N Alam
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Alam A, Blachman-Braun R, Delto JC, Moscardi PRM, Castellan M, Tidwell MA, Labbie A, Gosalbez R. Bladder exstrophy closure in the newborn period with external pelvic fixation performed without osteotomy: A preliminary report. J Pediatr Urol 2018; 14:32.e1-32.e7. [PMID: 29195831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful primary bladder closure is the most crucial element for urinary continence in patients with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE). In the newborn period, bladder closure can be performed in the first 48 h without pelvic osteotomy or external fixation, but requires postoperative lower extremity immobilization (i.e., spica cast, Bryant's or Buck's traction). OBJECTIVE To present a novel surgical approach for primary bladder closure for CBE using two-pin external fixation without pelvic osteotomy, and without postoperative lower extremity immobilization. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective chart review of patients with CBE was performed at the current institution from 2000 to 2016, including all primary bladder closures with external fixation and without osteotomy or lower extremity immobilization. Patients were discharged with the external fixator in place, which was later removed in clinic. Baseline clinical and demographic variables, and follow-up data were recorded. RESULTS Thirteen patients were analyzed; eight (61.5%) were male. Pre-operative intersymphysial distance was 3.68 ± 1.0 cm (2.0-5.0). Mean follow-up was 56.8 ± 40.3 months (10-131). One patient had a partial bladder neck dehiscence, due to pin displacement on postoperative day 1: he had the lowest gestational age of 34 weeks (Summary table). DISCUSSION This approach used external fixation to bring the pubic bones together intra-operatively, and to decrease the tension in closing the pelvic ring and abdominal wall without osteotomy. External fixation with osteotomy and long-term immobilization, or using a spica cast without osteotomy offered the added advantage of improved wound care, due to lack of lower limb immobilization, less patient discomfort, and facilitation of mother/caregiver and newborn bonding. CONCLUSION The two-pin external fixator without osteotomy as an adjunct to primary bladder closure in CBE patients was technically feasible. At the current institution this approach had an equivalent success rate to previous reports in the literature for primary bladder closure, decreased the length of hospital stay, and precluded the need for lower extremity immobilization. Early data for bladder capacity were encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alam
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, USA.
| | - R Blachman-Braun
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - J C Delto
- Urology Department, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, USA
| | - P R M Moscardi
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - M Castellan
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - M A Tidwell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - A Labbie
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - R Gosalbez
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, USA
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Rahman MM, Kabir A, Ahmed S, Islam MK, Rahman MS, Alam A, Mubeen MAA, Yasmin MS, Hossain MS, Haque MWU, Mia MT. NITROXYNIL UNCOUPLES OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE CELL MITOCHONDRIA AND A DRUG WHEREVER INJECTABLES ARE PREFERRED OVER DRENCHES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3329/bjvm.v15i1.34054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of effective vaccines and because of practical limitations in management options to control the snail intermediate hosts, the control of liver fluke infection and disease in livestock relies heavily on the use of flukicidal anthelmintics. Nitroxynil is a nitrate derivative from benzene compounds and presents a flukicide effect and is commonly used as the one with best spectrum from all the nitrate derivative trematocides. The drug is in fact, a low spectrum anthelmintic effective against fascioliasis, an important parasitic disease caused by flukes like Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, affecting significantly the ruminant production by means of reducing the growth, conversion rate, milk production, quality and quantity of meat and reproduction. Nitroxynil also does hold efficacy against few roundworms mainly blood-sucking species as well as certain myiasis. It is not effective against most of the tape worms or external parasites. It is chemically constitute of yellow benzene crystals, slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents, almost odorless and is characterized for being a stable solution, but it precipitates in presence of calcium and other salts. It is marketed as bright orange-red injectable solution due that by this route is six times more efficient than by oral route. Nitroxynil is a safe drug and it can be used at any stage of pregnancy. It does not affect fertility, gestation or fetus formation and in no way impede the reproductive performance of stallions. Its presented as two salts, nitroxynil megaglumine and nitroxynil eglumine. The nitroxynil in salt is hydrosoluble having neutral pH and is exclusively administered to animals by subcutaneous route. The flukicide resistance phenomenon is already present in many countries in the same way that resistance against other anthelmintic drugs is spreading around worldwide. Because of the absence of new drugs against fluke infections, it is necessary to prove and compare the efficacy of the anthelmintics to prevent resistance development. In view of that we endeavored elucidating the latest progress of one such widely used flukicide nitroxynil.
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