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Arciniega H, Jung LB, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, John O, Kim N, Carrington HW, Knyazhanskaya EE, Chamaria A, Breedlove K, Wiegand TL, Daneshvar D, Billah T, Pasternak O, Coleman MJ, Adler CH, Bernick C, Balcer LJ, Alosco ML, Lin AP, Koerte IK, Cummings JL, Reiman EM, Stern RA, Bouix S, Shenton ME. Cavum Septum Pellucidum in Former American Football Players: Findings From the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project. Neurol Clin Pract 2024; 14:e200324. [PMID: 39161749 PMCID: PMC11332980 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) is linked to the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which can only be diagnosed at post-mortem. The presence of a cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is a common finding in post-mortem studies of confirmed CTE and in neuroimaging studies of individuals exposed to RHI. This study examines CSP in living former American football players, investigating its association with RHI exposure, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) diagnosis, and provisional levels of certainty for CTE pathology. Methods Data from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project were used to compare the presence and ratio of CSP in former American football players (n = 175), consisting of former college (n = 58) and former professional players (n = 117), and asymptomatic unexposed controls without RHI exposure (n = 55). We further evaluated potential associations between CSP measures and cumulative head impact index (CHII) measures (frequency, linear acceleration, and rotational force), a TES diagnosis (yes/no), and a provisional level of certainty for CTE pathology (suggestive, possible, and probable). Results Former American football players exhibited a higher CSP presence and ratio than unexposed asymptomatic controls. Among player subgroups, professional players showed a greater CSP ratio than former college players and unexposed asymptomatic controls. Among all football players, CHII rotational forces correlated with an increased CSP ratio. No significant associations were found between CSP measures and diagnosis of TES or provisional levels of certainty for CTE pathology. Discussion This study confirms previous findings, highlighting a greater prevalence of CSP and a greater CSP ratio in former American football players compared with unexposed asymptomatic controls. In addition, former professional players showed a greater CSP ratio than college players. Moreover, the relationship between estimates of CHII rotational forces and CSP measures suggests that cumulative frequency and strength of rotational forces experienced in football are associated with CSP. However, CSP does not directly correlate with TES diagnosis or provisional levels of certainty for CTE, indicating that it may be a consequence of RHI associated with rotational forces. Further research, especially longitudinal studies, is needed for confirmation and to explore changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Arciniega
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Leonard B Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fatima Tuz-Zahra
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Omar John
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Holly W Carrington
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Evdokiya E Knyazhanskaya
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Arushi Chamaria
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katherine Breedlove
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tim L Wiegand
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Daneshvar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tashrif Billah
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael J Coleman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Charles Bernick
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (HA, OJ), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; NYU Concussion Center (HA), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (HA, LBJ, OJ, NK, HWC, EK, AC, TLW, TB, OP, MJC, IKK, SB, MES), Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (LBJ, TLW, IKK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics (FT-Z, YT), Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (KB, APL), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (DD), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Department of Radiology (OP, APL, MES), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry (OP, IKK, MES), Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (CHA), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV (CB); Department of Neurology (CB), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Ophthalmology (LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (MLA, RAS), Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (IKK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (EMR), Phoenix, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Psychiatry (EMR), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division (EMR), Translational Genomics Research Institute and Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (RAS); Department of Neurosurgery (RAS), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (SB), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada
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