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Ayipo YO, Ahmad I, Alananzeh W, Lawal A, Patel H, Mordi MN. Computational modelling of potential Zn-sensitive non-β-lactam inhibitors of imipenemase-1 (IMP-1). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10096-10116. [PMID: 36476097 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2153168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) remains one of the leading global health challenges, mostly implicated in disease-related deaths. The Enterobacteriaceae-producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are critically involved in AR pathogenesis through Zn-dependent catalytic destruction of β-lactam antibiotics, yet with limited successful clinical inhibitors. The efficacy of relevant broad-spectrum β-lactams including imipenem and meropenem are seriously challenged by their susceptibility to the Zn-dependent carbapenemase hydrolysis, as such, searching for alternatives remains imperative. In this study, computational molecular modelling and virtual screening methods were extensively applied to identify new putative Zn-sensitive broad-spectrum inhibitors of MBLs, specifically imipenemase-1 (IMP-1) from the IBScreen database. Three ligands, STOCK3S-30154, STOCK3S-30418 and STOCK3S-30514 selectively displayed stronger binding interactions with the enzymes compared to reference inhibitors, imipenem and meropenem. For instance, the ligands showed molecular docking scores of -9.450, -8.005 and -10.159 kcal/mol, and MM-GBSA values of -40.404, -31.902 and -33.680 kcal/mol respectively against the IMP-1. Whereas, imipenem and meropenem showed docking scores of -9.038 and -10.875 kcal/mol, and MM-GBSA of -31.184 and -32.330 kcal/mol respectively against the enzyme. The ligands demonstrated good thermodynamic stability and compactness in complexes with IMP-1 throughout the 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories. Interestingly, their binding affinities and stabilities were significantly affected in contacts with the remodelled Zn-deficient IMP-1, indicating sensitivity to the carbapenemase active Zn site, however, with non-β-lactam scaffolds, tenable to resist catalytic hydrolysis. They displayed ideal drug-like ADMET properties, thus, representing putative Zn-sensitive non-β-lactam inhibitors of IMP-1 amenable for further experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Kwara State University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Waleed Alananzeh
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Amudat Lawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Harun Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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2
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Aran GC, Bayraç C. Simultaneous Dual-Sensing Platform Based on Aptamer-Functionalized DNA Hydrogels for Visual and Fluorescence Detection of Chloramphenicol and Aflatoxin M1. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:922-933. [PMID: 37080904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a chloramphenicol and aflatoxin M1 aptamer-functionalized DNA hydrogel was designed for the simultaneous detection of chloramphenicol and aflatoxin M1 for the first time. The acrydite-modified chloramphenicol aptamer sequence was used to synthesize the DNA hydrogel and for visual detection of chloramphenicol depending on the gel-to-sol transition of the target-responsive DNA hydrogel. The DNA hydrogel formulation was set as follows: 60% of each linear polyacrylamide-DNA conjugate and 40% of acrylamide and chloramphenicol aptamer/DNA strand-1 at a molar ratio of 1:1, and the lowest concentration of chloramphenicol leading to gel dissociation was 1.0 nM at 25 °C. Furthermore, the formalized aptamer-functionalized DNA hydrogel was used to detect aflatoxin M1 by measuring the recovery of the fluorescence signal that was quenched when the FAM-labeled aflatoxin M1 aptamer and BHQ1-labeled DNA strand-2 were hybridized to form a double-stranded DNA in the network of hydrogel. The detection platform was successfully applied to the detection of chloramphenicol and aflatoxin M1, both in aqueous solution and in milk. The aptamer-functionalized DNA hydrogel had detection (LOD) and quantification limits (LOQ) for aflatoxin M1 as 1.7 and 5.2 nM, respectively. Using two aptamer sequences with high affinity and specificity, the dual-sensing platform based on the DNA hydrogel achieved higher selectivity for chloramphenicol and aflatoxin M1, which demonstrated its potential as a reliable simultaneous detection platform against two different targets for monitoring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülnur Camızcı Aran
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70100, Turkey
| | - Ceren Bayraç
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70100, Turkey
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3
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Zhao Z, Shen X, Chen S, Gu J, Wang H, Mojica MF, Samanta M, Bhowmik D, Vila AJ, Bonomo RA, Haider S. Gating interactions steer loop conformational changes in the active site of the L1 metallo-β-lactamase. eLife 2023; 12:e83928. [PMID: 36826989 PMCID: PMC9977270 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are the most important and widely used antibacterial agents across the world. However, the widespread dissemination of β-lactamases among pathogenic bacteria limits the efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics. This has created a major public health crisis. The use of β-lactamase inhibitors has proven useful in restoring the activity of β-lactam antibiotics, yet, effective clinically approved inhibitors against class B metallo-β-lactamases are not available. L1, a class B3 enzyme expressed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, is a significant contributor to the β-lactam resistance displayed by this opportunistic pathogen. Structurally, L1 is a tetramer with two elongated loops, α3-β7 and β12-α5, present around the active site of each monomer. Residues in these two loops influence substrate/inhibitor binding. To study how the conformational changes of the elongated loops affect the active site in each monomer, enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations were performed, Markov State Models were built, and convolutional variational autoencoder-based deep learning was applied. The key identified residues (D150a, H151, P225, Y227, and R236) were mutated and the activity of the generated L1 variants was evaluated in cell-based experiments. The results demonstrate that there are extremely significant gating interactions between α3-β7 and β12-α5 loops. Taken together, the gating interactions with the conformational changes of the key residues play an important role in the structural remodeling of the active site. These observations offer insights into the potential for novel drug development exploiting these gating interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiayu Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Haun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria F Mojica
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandUnited States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES)ClevelandUnited States
| | - Moumita Samanta
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Debsindhu Bhowmik
- Computer Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoriesOak RidgeUnited States
| | - Alejandro J Vila
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES)ClevelandUnited States
- Laboratorio de Metaloproteínas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR)RosarioArgentina
- Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de RosarioRosarioArgentina
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandUnited States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES)ClevelandUnited States
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandUnited States
| | - Shozeb Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Centre for Advanced Research Computing, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Pajares-Chamorro N, Lensmire JM, Hammer ND, Hardy JW, Chatzistavrou X. Unraveling the mechanisms of inhibition of silver-doped bioactive glass-ceramic particles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:975-994. [PMID: 36583930 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infections are a major concern in orthopedics. Antibacterial agents such as silver ions are of great interest as broad-spectrum biocides and have been incorporated into bioactive glass-ceramic particles to control the release of ions within a therapeutic concentration and provide tissue regenerative properties. In this work, the antibacterial capabilities of silver-doped bioactive glass (Ag-BG) microparticles were explored to reveal the unedited mechanisms of inhibition against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antibacterial properties were not limited to the delivery of silver ions but rather a combination of antibacterial degradation by-products. For example, nano-sized debris punctured holes in bacteria membranes, osmotic effects, and reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress and almost 40% of the inhibition. Upon successive Ag-BG treatments, MRSA underwent phenotypic and genomic mutations which were not only insufficient to develop resistance but instead, the clones became more sensitive as the treatment was re-delivered. Additionally, the unprecedented restorative functionality of Ag-BG allowed the effective use of antibiotics that MRSA resists. The synergy mechanism was mainly identified for combinations targeting cell-wall activity and their action was proven in biofilm-like and virulent conditions. Unraveling these mechanisms may offer new insights into how to tailor healthcare materials to prevent or debilitate infections and join the fight against antibiotic resistance in clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pajares-Chamorro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Josh M Lensmire
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Neal D Hammer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan W Hardy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Substituted phenethylamine-based β-lactam derivatives: Antimicrobial, anticancer, and β-lactamase inhibitory properties. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial and Fungal Isolates in COVID-19. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid-121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The pattern of bacterial infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients differ worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the patterns of bacterial infections and the antibiotic resistance profile by VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, France) in the culture of blood samples from hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional was conducted on a total of 25 patients with critical COVID-19 admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, during the first three COVID-19 peaks (2019 - 2020). Results: Among Gram-positive bacteria, two strains isolated from Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus at a concentration of > 2 μg/mL. Enterococcus was vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus at a concentration of higher than 4 μg/mL (the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥ 32). Among Gram-negative bacteria, three strains of Acinetobacter baumannii complex were extensively drug-resistant. Conclusions: There is evidence of the remarkable increase of various antibiotics’ MIC during the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlights the impact of the use of steroids on the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Kamlungmak S, Nakpheng T, Kaewpaiboon S, Mudhar Bintang MAK, Prom-In S, Chunhachaichana C, Suwandecha T, Srichana T. Safety and Biocompatibility of Mupirocin Nanoparticle-Loaded Hydrogel on Burn Wound in Rat Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1707-1716. [PMID: 34719647 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mupirocin nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel (MLH) was successfully developed. This study focused on the safety of cell lines and the biocompatibility of MLH for wound healing in rat models. MLH was assessed by an analysis of cytotoxicity and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in cell lines. The cytocompatibility of MLH was compared with mupirocin ointment on full-thickness burn wounds in rats. The results indicated that MLH and blank hydrogel had no toxicity to human epidermal keratinocytes and human fibroblast cells. MLH inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity in macrophage-like cells resulting in low nitric oxide production and reduced inflammatory cytokine production (interleukin (IL)-1β) compared with a positive control (LPS only). In burn wounds, MLH and hydrogel healed the wound better than the other groups determined by wound contraction, reduced secretion, and the generation of new blood vessels, as well as promotion of hair follicle cells. Better granulation tissue proliferation, less necrosis, and a lower degree of inflammation were found in the MLH and blank hydrogel than in the mupirocin ointment. The hydrogel group reduced the macrophages (CD68) on day 14 at the edge of the wound. On day 28, T cells (CD3), B cells (CD20), and CD68+ cells were concentrated in the deeper subcutaneous tissue. Additionally, the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) concentration and matrix prometalloproteinase-2/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 ratio in the MLH and hydrogel groups were less than those in the other groups. The MLH formulation was safe and effective in burn wound healing. Therefore, MLH formulations are promising candidates for further evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanjana Kamlungmak
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University.,Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University
| | - Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University
| | - Sunisa Kaewpaiboon
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University.,Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University
| | - Muhammad Ali Khumaini Mudhar Bintang
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University.,Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University
| | - Supattra Prom-In
- Department of the Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University
| | | | - Tan Suwandecha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University.,Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University
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8
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Blair D, Piccicacco N. Management and Treatment of Necrotizing Fasciitis. AACN Adv Crit Care 2021; 31:118-125. [PMID: 32525996 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Blair
- David Blair is an Emergency Medicine Pharmacy Resident, Department of Pharmacy Services, Tampa General Hospital, 1 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606
| | - Nicholas Piccicacco
- Nicholas Piccicacco is Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Department of Pharmacy Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
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9
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Egorova A, Jackson M, Gavrilyuk V, Makarov V. Pipeline of anti-Mycobacterium abscessus small molecules: Repurposable drugs and promising novel chemical entities. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2350-2387. [PMID: 33645845 DOI: 10.1002/med.21798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium abscessus complex is a group of emerging pathogens that are difficult to treat. There are no effective drugs for successful M. abscessus pulmonary infection therapy, and existing drug regimens recommended by the British or the American Thoracic Societies are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, novel antibacterial drugs are urgently needed to contain this global threat. The current anti-M. abscessus small-molecule drug development process can be enhanced by two parallel strategies-discovery of compounds from new chemical classes and commercial drug repurposing. This review focuses on recent advances in the finding of novel small-molecule agents, and more particularly focuses on the activity, mode of action and structure-activity relationship of promising inhibitors from five different chemical classes-benzimidazoles, indole-2-carboxamides, benzothiazoles, 4-piperidinoles, and oxazolidionones. We further discuss some other interesting small molecules, such as thiacetazone derivatives and benzoboroxoles, that are in the early stages of drug development, and summarize current knowledge about the efficacy of repurposable drugs, such as rifabutin, tedizolid, bedaquiline, and others. We finally review targets of therapeutic interest in M. abscessus that may be worthy of future drug and adjunct therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Colorado, Fort Collins, USA
| | | | - Vadim Makarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Moremi N, Silago V, Mselewa EG, Chifwaguzi AP, Mirambo MM, Mushi MF, Matemba L, Seni J, Mshana SE. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase bla CTX-M-1 group in gram-negative bacteria colonizing patients admitted at Mazimbu hospital and Morogoro Regional hospital in Morogoro, Tanzania. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:77. [PMID: 33640022 PMCID: PMC7913416 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing gram-negative bacteria (ESBL-GNB) colonizing patients admitted at Mazimbu hospital and Morogoro Regional hospital, in Morogoro, Tanzania. Rectal colonization with ESBL-GNB increases the risks of developing bacterial infections by extra-intestinal pathogenic ESBL-GNB. Results Of the 285 patients investigated, 123 (43.2%) carried ESBL-GNB in their intestines. Five of the 123 ESBL positive patients were colonized with two different bacteria, making a total of 128 ESBL producing isolates. Escherichia coli (n = 95, 74.2%) formed the majority of ESBL isolates. The proportion of CTX-M-1 group genes among ESBL isolates tested was 94.9% (93/98). History of antibiotic use (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.1–3.2, P = 0.03), being on antibiotic treatment (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.5–4.53, P = 0.001), duration of hospital stay (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.3, P < 0.001) and history of previous admission (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.2–4.1, P = 0.009) independently predicted ESBL-GNB carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyambura Moremi
- Quality Assurance & Training Centre, National Health Laboratory, P. O. Box 9083, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Vitus Silago
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Erick G Mselewa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Ashery P Chifwaguzi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mariam M Mirambo
- Quality Assurance & Training Centre, National Health Laboratory, P. O. Box 9083, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Martha F Mushi
- Quality Assurance & Training Centre, National Health Laboratory, P. O. Box 9083, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lucas Matemba
- National Institute for Medical Research, P. O. Box 805, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Jeremiah Seni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Evaluation of ebselen in resolving a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection of pressure ulcers in obese and diabetic mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247508. [PMID: 33617589 PMCID: PMC7899319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a source of morbidity in individuals with restricted mobility including individuals that are obese or diabetic. Infection of PUs with pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), impairs ulcers from healing. The present study evaluated ebselen as a topical antibacterial to treat MRSA-infected PUs. Against two different S. aureus strains, including MRSA USA300, resistance to ebselen did not emerge after 14 consecutive passages. Resistance to mupirocin emerged after only five passages. Additionally, ebselen was found to exert a modest postantibiotic effect of five hours against two MRSA strains. Ebselen was subsequently evaluated in MRSA-infected PUs in two models using obese and diabetic mice. In obese mice, topical ebselen (89.2% reduction) and oral linezolid (84.5% reduction) similarly reduced the burden of MRSA in infected PUs. However, in diabetic mice, topical ebselen (45.8% reduction in MRSA burden) was less effective. Histopathological evaluation of ulcers in diabetic mice determined that ebselen treatment resulted in fewer bacterial colonies deep within the dermis and that the treatment exhibited evidence of epithelial regeneration. Topical mupirocin was superior to ebselen in reducing MRSA burden in infected PUs both in obese (98.7% reduction) and diabetic (99.3% reduction) mice. Ebselen’s antibacterial activity was negatively impacted as the bacterial inoculum was increased from 105 CFU/mL to 107 CFU/mL. These results suggest that a higher dose of ebselen, or a longer course of treatment, may be needed to achieve a similar effect as mupirocin in topically treating MRSA-infected pressure ulcers.
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12
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Ricardo SIC, Anjos IIL, Monge N, Faustino CMC, Ribeiro IAC. A Glance at Antimicrobial Strategies to Prevent Catheter-Associated Medical Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3109-3130. [PMID: 33245664 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urinary and intravascular catheters are two of the most used invasive medical devices; however, microbial colonization of catheter surfaces is responsible for most healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Several antimicrobial-coated catheters are available, but recurrent antibiotic therapy can decrease their potential activity against resistant bacterial strains. The aim of this Review is to question the actual effectiveness of currently used (coated) catheters and describe the progress and promise of alternative antimicrobial coatings. Different strategies have been reviewed with the common goal of preventing biofilm formation on catheters, including release-based approaches using antibiotics, antiseptics, nitric oxide, 5-fluorouracil, and silver as well as contact-killing approaches employing quaternary ammonium compounds, chitosan, antimicrobial peptides, and enzymes. All of these strategies have given proof of antimicrobial efficacy by modifying the physiology of pathogens or disrupting their structural integrity. The aim for synergistic approaches using multitarget processes and the combination of both antifouling and bactericidal properties holds potential for the near future. Despite intensive research in biofilm preventive strategies, laboratorial studies still present some limitations since experimental conditions usually are not the same and also differ from biological conditions encountered when the catheter is inserted in the human body. Consequently, in most cases, the efficacy data obtained from in vitro studies is not properly reflected in the clinical setting. Thus, further well-designed clinical trials and additional cytotoxicity studies are needed to prove the efficacy and safety of the developed antimicrobial strategies in the prevention of biofilm formation at catheter surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I. C. Ricardo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês I. L. Anjos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Monge
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais (CIED), Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Campus de Benfica do IPL, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia M. C. Faustino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel A. C. Ribeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Manikandan D, Swaminathan J, Tagore SS, Gomathi S, Sabarinathan N, Ramalingam M, Balasubramani K, Sethuraman V. Crystallographic, spectral and computational studies on (S)-4-(4-aminobenzyl) oxazolidin-2-one. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118484. [PMID: 32470808 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The experimental geometry (XRD), vibrational (IR and Raman), electronic (UV-visible) and NMR spectra of (S)-4-(4-Amino-benzyl)-oxazolidin-2-one (ABO) have been corroborated with the corresponding first principle calculated values at DFT using hybrid B3LYP exchange correlation functional invoking 6-311++g(d, p) basis set. The optimized geometrical parameters were found to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental values obtained from the X-ray diffraction structural features of ABO. The scaled down computed vibrational frequencies with appropriate scaling factors were in good correspondence with the experimental observations. Room-temperature 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies were supported by advanced density functional theory calculations. The theoretical spectrograms of FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV of the title compound have been constructed and compared with experimental spectra and Hirshfeld surface analysis has also been made to study the intermolecular interactions. The electronic structure of the title compound has also been studied in terms of HOMO, LUMO and MESP diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J Swaminathan
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.C. College of Engineering, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Sharmila Tagore
- Department of Chemistry, M.R. Govt. Arts College, Mannargudi, TamilNadu, India
| | - S Gomathi
- Department of Chemistry, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Sabarinathan
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai, India
| | - M Ramalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Bon Secours College for Women, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Balasubramani
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts College, Thanthonimalai, Karur, TamilNadu, India
| | - V Sethuraman
- Department of Chemistry, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
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14
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Çaykara T, Sande MG, Azoia N, Rodrigues LR, Silva CJ. Exploring the potential of polyethylene terephthalate in the design of antibacterial surfaces. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:363-372. [PMID: 32037497 PMCID: PMC7248016 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most used polymeric materials in the health care sector mainly due to its advantages that include biocompatibility, high uniformity, mechanical strength and resistance against chemicals and/or abrasion. However, avoiding bacterial contamination on PET is still an unsolved challenge and two main strategies are being explored to overcome this drawback: the anti-adhesive and biocidal modification of PET surface. While bacterial adhesion depends on several surface properties namely surface charge and energy, hydrophilicity and surface roughness, a biocidal effect can be obtained by antimicrobial compounds attached to the surface to inhibit the growth of bacteria (bacteriostatic) or kill bacteria (bactericidal). Therefore, it is well known that granting antibacterial properties to PET surface would be beneficial in the prevention of infectious diseases. Different modification methods have been reported for such purpose. This review addresses some of the strategies that have been attempted to prevent or reduce the bacterial contamination on PET surfaces, including functionalisation, grafting, topographical surface modification and coating. Those strategies, particularly the grafting method seems to be very promising for healthcare applications to prevent infectious diseases and the emergence of bacteria resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugçe Çaykara
- CENTI-Center for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita 278, 4760-034, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria G Sande
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Azoia
- CENTI-Center for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita 278, 4760-034, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Ligia R Rodrigues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Joana Silva
- CENTI-Center for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita 278, 4760-034, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal.
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Auranofin Rapidly Eradicates Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an Infected Pressure Ulcer Mouse Model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7251. [PMID: 32350417 PMCID: PMC7190694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PUs) frequently occur in individuals with limited mobility including patients that are hospitalized or obese. PUs are challenging to resolve when infected by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study, we investigated the potential of repurposing auranofin to treat pressure ulcers infected with MRSA. Auranofin’s in vitro activity against strains of S. aureus (including MRSA) was not affected in the presence of higher bacterial inoculum (107 CFU/mL) or by lowering the pH in standard media to simulate the environment present on the surface of the skin. Additionally, S. aureus did not develop resistance to auranofin after repeated exposure for two weeks via a multi-step resistance selection experiment. In contrast, S. aureus resistance to mupirocin emerged rapidly. Moreover, auranofin exhibited a long postantibiotic effect (PAE) in vitro against three strains of S. aureus tested. Remarkably, topical auranofin completely eradicated MRSA (8-log10 reduction) in infected PUs of obese mice after just four days of treatment. This was superior to both topical mupirocin (1.96-log10 reduction) and oral clindamycin (1.24-log10 reduction), which are used to treat infected PUs clinically. The present study highlights auranofin’s potential to be investigated further as a treatment for mild-to-moderate PUs infected with S. aureus.
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16
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Nazos TT, Kokarakis EJ, Valsami EA, Stratigakis NC, Poloniataki EG, Sfendourakis GP, Ghanotakis DF. Characterization of a novel herbicide and antibiotic-resistant Chlorella sp. with an extensive extracellular matrix. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:315-334. [PMID: 31965466 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A herbicide and antibiotic-resistant microalgal strain, isolated from a eutrophic site at Giofyros river (Heraklion, Crete, Greece) was extensively characterized. In the presence of relatively high concentrations of common photosynthesis inhibitors (DCMU and atrazine), as well as various antibiotics (spectinomycin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol), the green microalga was able to increase its biomass in approximately equal levels compared to the control. Despite the high concentrations of the inhibitors, photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll a amount per dry cell biomass were comparable to those of control cultures in almost all cases. 18S rDNA analysis showed that this microalga belongs to the Chlorella genus. Optical and electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of an extensive extracellular matrix (EM) that surrounds the cells and plays an important role in colony formation and cell-cell interactions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided evidence that the EM consists of a polysaccharide. This matrix could be separated from the cells with a simple centrifugation. Depending on growth conditions, the dry cell biomass of this Chlorella strain was found to contain 35-39% proteins and 27-42% carbohydrates. The results of this study have demonstrated that the EM plays a protective role for cell homeostasis maintenance against the various chemical agents. This green microalga is a suitable candidate for further studies regarding sustainable biomass production in waste waters for a series of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis T Nazos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel J Kokarakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Eleni G Poloniataki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios P Sfendourakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios F Ghanotakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Roncolini A, Cardinali F, Aquilanti L, Milanović V, Garofalo C, Sabbatini R, Abaker MSS, Pandolfi M, Pasquini M, Tavoletti S, Clementi F, Osimani A. Investigating Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Marketed Ready-to-Eat Small Crickets (Acheta domesticus). J Food Sci 2019; 84:3222-3232. [PMID: 31600843 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the occurrence of transferable genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB ), vancomycin, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides in 32 samples from eight batches of ready-to-eat crickets (Acheta domesticus) commercialized by four European Union producers (two batches per producer). Bacterial DNA extracted directly from the insects was subjected to optimized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested-PCR assays for the qualitative detection of 12 selected antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. Microbial enumeration demonstrated high counts of spore-forming bacteria and total mesophilic aerobes. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between different producers and insect batches. Regarding AR genes, a high prevalence of genes conferring resistance to tetracycline [tet(M), tet(O), tet(K), tet(S)] was observed, together with the presence of genes conferring resistance to erythromycin [erm(B), erm(C)], beta-lactams (blaZ and mecA), and aminoglycosides [aac(6')-Ie aph(2")-Ia]. We performed a principal component analysis based on the AR gene frequencies that differentiated samples of batch 1 from those of batch 2. This analysis provided evidence for a difference between the producer from France and all the other producers among the batch 1 samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Overall, an intrabatch variation was seen in the transferable resistances among different producers. This evidence, coupled with the observed differences in the viable counts, suggests a low standardization of the production processes. Hence, a prudent use of antimicrobials during the rearing of insects destined for human consumption is strongly recommended, as well as a need for a full standardization of production technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Roncolini
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Cardinali
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Aquilanti
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vesna Milanović
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Garofalo
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sabbatini
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mahasin Salih Suliman Abaker
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Pandolfi
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Pasquini
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Tavoletti
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Clementi
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Osimani
- Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
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18
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Development of a Paper-Based Luminescence Bioassay for Therapeutic Monitoring of Aminoglycosides: a Proof-of-Concept Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:798-809. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Alenazi NA, Alamry KA, Hussein MA, Elfaky MA, Asiri AM. Exploring the effect of organic–inorganic additives loaded on modified polyethersulfone membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noof A. Alenazi
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Alamry
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Hussein
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Polymer Chemistry LabAssiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Elfaky
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Natural Products and Alternative Medicine DepartmentKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials ResearchKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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20
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Tan YJ, Tan YS, Yeo CI, Chew J, Tiekink ERT. In vitro anti-bacterial and time kill evaluation of binuclear tricyclohexylphosphanesilver(I) dithiocarbamates, {Cy 3PAg(S 2CNRR')} 2. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 192:107-118. [PMID: 30640150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four binuclear phosphanesilver(I) dithiocarbamates, {cyclohexyl3PAg(S2CNRR')}2 for R = R' = Et (1), CH2CH2 (2), CH2CH2OH (3) and R = Me, R' = CH2CH2OH (4) have been synthesised and characterised by spectroscopy and crystallography, and feature tri-connective, μ2-bridging dithiocarbamate ligands and distorted tetrahedral geometries based on PS3 donor sets. The compounds were evaluated for anti-bacterial activity against a total of 12 clinically important pathogens. Based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and cell viability tests (human embryonic kidney cells, HEK 293), 1-4 are specifically active against Gram-positive bacteria while demonstrating low toxicity; 3 and 4 are active against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Across the series, 4 was most effective and was more active than the standard anti-biotic chloramphenicol. Time kill assays reveal 1-4 to exhibit both time- and concentration-dependent pharmacokinetics against susceptible bacteria. Compound 4 demonstrates rapid (within 2 h) bactericidal activity at 1 and 2 × MIC to reach a maximum decrease of 5.2 log10 CFU/mL against S. aureus (MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiun Tan
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yee Seng Tan
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chien Ing Yeo
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jactty Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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21
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The downside of antimicrobial agents for wound healing. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 38:39-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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