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Dinis-Oliveira RJ. "Not everything that can be counted counts" in ethanol toxicological results: an antemortem and postmortem technical interpretation focusing on driving under the influence. Forensic Sci Res 2024; 9:owae023. [PMID: 39006154 PMCID: PMC11240237 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethanol blood analysis is the most common request in forensic toxicology, and some studies point to positive results in approximately one-third of all unnatural deaths. However, distinguishing sober deaths from drunk deaths is not as simple as it may seem. This technical, clinical, and forensic interpretation is proposed to interpret the ethanol toxicological results, discussing several artefacts and pitfalls that must be considered, namely focusing on driving under the influence. This work is presented with a practical and objective approach, aiming to alleviate the complexities associated with clinical, physiological, pathophysiological, and toxicological aspects to enhance comprehension, practicality, and applicability of its content, especially to courts. Particularly the physical integrity of the body, the postmortem interval, putrefactive signs, anatomic place of blood collection, alternative samples such as vitreous humour and urine, the possibility of postmortem redistribution, the inclusion of preservatives in containers, and optimal temperature conditions of shipment are among some of the aspects to pay attention. Although several biomarkers related to postmortem microbial ethanol production have been proposed, their translation into forensic routine is slow to be implemented due to the uncertainties of their application and analytical difficulties. Specifically, in the interpretation of ethanol toxicological results, "not everything that can be counted counts and not everything that counts can be counted" (attributed to Albert Einstein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences 1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FOREN - Forensic Science Experts, Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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Landberg R, Karra P, Hoobler R, Loftfield E, Huybrechts I, Rattner JI, Noerman S, Claeys L, Neveu V, Vidkjaer NH, Savolainen O, Playdon MC, Scalbert A. Dietary biomarkers-an update on their validity and applicability in epidemiological studies. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1260-1280. [PMID: 37791499 PMCID: PMC11317775 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this literature review was to identify and provide a summary update on the validity and applicability of the most promising dietary biomarkers reflecting the intake of important foods in the Western diet for application in epidemiological studies. Many dietary biomarker candidates, reflecting intake of common foods and their specific constituents, have been discovered from intervention and observational studies in humans, but few have been validated. The literature search was targeted for biomarker candidates previously reported to reflect intakes of specific food groups or components that are of major importance in health and disease. Their validity was evaluated according to 8 predefined validation criteria and adapted to epidemiological studies; we summarized the findings and listed the most promising food intake biomarkers based on the evaluation. Biomarker candidates for alcohol, cereals, coffee, dairy, fats and oils, fruits, legumes, meat, seafood, sugar, tea, and vegetables were identified. Top candidates for all categories are specific to certain foods, have defined parent compounds, and their concentrations are unaffected by nonfood determinants. The correlations of candidate dietary biomarkers with habitual food intake were moderate to strong and their reproducibility over time ranged from low to high. For many biomarker candidates, critical information regarding dose response, correlation with habitual food intake, and reproducibility over time is yet unknown. The nutritional epidemiology field will benefit from the development of novel methods to combine single biomarkers to generate biomarker panels in combination with self-reported data. The most promising dietary biomarker candidates that reflect commonly consumed foods and food components for application in epidemiological studies were identified, and research required for their full validation was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Prasoona Karra
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rachel Hoobler
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Jodi I Rattner
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesel Claeys
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Lyon, France
| | - Vanessa Neveu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Nanna Hjort Vidkjaer
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
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3
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Jones AW. Brief history of the alcohol biomarkers CDT, EtG, EtS, 5-HTOL, and PEth. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:570-587. [PMID: 37806783 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This article traces the historical development of various biomarkers of acute and/or chronic alcohol consumption. Much of the research in this domain of clinical and laboratory medicine arose from clinics and laboratories in Sweden, as exemplified by carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Extensive studies of other alcohol biomarkers, such as ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), and 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL), also derive from Sweden. The most obvious test of recent drinking is identification of ethanol in a sample of the person's blood, breath, or urine. However, because of continuous metabolism in the liver, ethanol is eliminated from the blood at a rate of 0.15 g/L/h (range 0.1-0.3 g/L/h), so obtaining positive results is not always possible. The widow of detection is increased by analysis of ethanol's non-oxidative metabolites (EtG and EtS), which are more slowly eliminated from the bloodstream. Likewise, an elevated ratio of serotonin metabolites in urine (5-HTOL/5-HIAA) can help to disclose recent drinking after ethanol is no longer measurable in body fluids. A highly specific biomarker of hazardous drinking is CDT, a serum glycoprotein (transferrin), with a deficiency in its N-linked glycosylation. Another widely acclaimed biomarker is PEth, an abnormal phospholipid synthesized in cell membranes when people drink excessively, having a long elimination half-life (median ~6 days) during abstinence. Research on the subject of alcohol biomarkers has increased appreciably and is now an important area of drug testing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wayne Jones
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
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4
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Leger BS, Meredith JJ, Ideker T, Sanchez-Roige S, Palmer AA. Rare and Common Variants Associated with Alcohol Consumption Identify a Conserved Molecular Network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582195. [PMID: 38464225 PMCID: PMC10925118 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of common variants associated with alcohol consumption. In contrast, rare variants have only begun to be studied for their role in alcohol consumption. No studies have examined whether common and rare variants implicate the same genes and molecular networks. To address this knowledge gap, we used publicly available alcohol consumption GWAS summary statistics (GSCAN, N=666,978) and whole exome sequencing data (Genebass, N=393,099) to identify a set of common and rare variants for alcohol consumption. Gene-based analysis of each dataset have implicated 294 (common variants) and 35 (rare variants) genes, including ethanol metabolizing genes ADH1B and ADH1C, which were identified by both analyses, and ANKRD12, GIGYF1, KIF21B, and STK31, which were identified only by rare variant analysis, but have been associated with related psychiatric traits. We then used a network colocalization procedure to propagate the common and rare gene sets onto a shared molecular network, revealing significant overlap. The shared network identified gene families that function in alcohol metabolism, including ADH, ALDH, CYP, and UGT. 74 of the genes in the network were previously implicated in comorbid psychiatric or substance use disorders, but had not previously been identified for alcohol-related behaviors, including EXOC2, EPM2A, CACNB3, and CACNG4. Differential gene expression analysis showed enrichment in the liver and several brain regions supporting the role of network genes in alcohol consumption. Thus, genes implicated by common and rare variants identify shared functions relevant to alcohol consumption, which also underlie psychiatric traits and substance use disorders that are comorbid with alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Leger
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John J Meredith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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5
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Khalikov AA, Korotun VN, Smirnova IY, Kuznetsov KO, Galimov AR, Iskuzhina LR. [Problems of ethyl glucuronide use in ethanol consumption diagnosis]. Sud Med Ekspert 2024; 67:56-61. [PMID: 38353016 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246701156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in different biological objects in recent years has been positioned as one of the most reliable biomarkers of unconditional alcohol consumption. The aim of the study is to summarize the analytical methods of alcohol consumption testing with the use of EtG currently available in domestic and foreign literature and to present a schematic overview of possible errors in reproducibility and interpretation of research on EtG results, which may limit their use in forensic medical practice. The main objective is to increase the reliability and validity of EtG as a marker of ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V N Korotun
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - I Yu Smirnova
- Perm Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Perm, Russia
| | - K O Kuznetsov
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A R Galimov
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
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Kul A, Sagirli O. Elimination of matrix effects in urine for determination of ethyl glucuronide by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9643. [PMID: 37942689 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol use disorder affects 4% to 5% of the world's population. Analysis methods are available for various biological fluids to detect this disorder. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in urine by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method is frequently used in forensic toxicology. These analyses are known to cause matrix effects. METHODS The presented study describes the elimination of matrix effects for ethyl glucuronide. This study used two different LC/MS/MS systems containing orthogonal and z-spray ion sources. Ethyl glucuronide was analyzed in negative polarity in electrospray ionization. A different dilution method was chosen for each study. The methods were developed and validated according to the European Medicines Agency bioanalytical method validation parameters. RESULTS The lower limit of quantitation of the developed methods was 0.025 μg/mL for ethyl glucuronide. The calibration curve of ethyl glucuronide was between 0.025 and 100 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of >0.99 for the two methods. CONCLUSIONS It was determined that the analyses using the z-spray ion source were more affected by the matrix effect. The two validated methods involve rapid analysis time and simple sample preparation. Also, the methods were applied to real patients' urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Kul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Sagirli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Abstract
The medical disorders of alcoholism rank among the leading public health problems worldwide and the need for predictive and prognostic risk markers for assessing alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been widely acknowledged. Early-phase detection of problem drinking and associated tissue toxicity are important prerequisites for timely initiations of appropriate treatments and improving patient's committing to the objective of reducing drinking. Recent advances in clinical chemistry have provided novel approaches for a specific detection of heavy drinking through assays of unique ethanol metabolites, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) or ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements can be used to indicate severe alcohol problems. Hazardous drinking frequently manifests as heavy episodic drinking or in combinations with other unfavorable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet or adiposity, which aggravate the metabolic consequences of alcohol intake in a supra-additive manner. Such interactions are also reflected in multiple disease outcomes and distinct abnormalities in biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Use of predictive biomarkers either alone or as part of specifically designed biological algorithms helps to predict both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity in individuals with such risk factors. Novel approaches for assessing progression of fibrosis, a major determinant of prognosis in AUD, have also been made available. Predictive algorithms based on the combined use of biomarkers and clinical observations may prove to have a major impact on clinical decisions to detect AUD in early pre-symptomatic stages, stratify patients according to their substantially different disease risks and predict individual responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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8
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Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs globally. Hazardous drinking, defined by quantity and frequency of consumption, is associated with acute and chronic morbidity. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are psychiatric syndromes characterized by impaired control over drinking and other symptoms. Contemporary aetiological perspectives on AUDs apply a biopsychosocial framework that emphasizes the interplay of genetics, neurobiology, psychology, and an individual's social and societal context. There is strong evidence that AUDs are genetically influenced, but with a complex polygenic architecture. Likewise, there is robust evidence for environmental influences, such as adverse childhood exposures and maladaptive developmental trajectories. Well-established biological and psychological determinants of AUDs include neuroadaptive changes following persistent use, differences in brain structure and function, and motivational determinants including overvaluation of alcohol reinforcement, acute effects of environmental triggers and stress, elevations in multiple facets of impulsivity, and lack of alternative reinforcers. Social factors include bidirectional roles of social networks and sociocultural influences, such as public health control strategies and social determinants of health. An array of evidence-based approaches for reducing alcohol harms are available, including screening, pharmacotherapies, psychological interventions and policy strategies, but are substantially underused. Priorities for the field include translating advances in basic biobehavioural research into novel clinical applications and, in turn, promoting widespread implementation of evidence-based clinical approaches in practice and health-care systems.
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9
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Ray G. Management of liver diseases: Current perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5818-5826. [PMID: 36353204 PMCID: PMC9639658 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i40.5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing incidence and prevalence of acute and chronic liver diseases (CLDs) all over the world which influence the quality of life and can give rise to life threatening complications. The burden of advanced liver disease due to hepatitis B has been controlled by antivirals but its eradication is difficult soon. Highly effective directly acting antiviral therapy has reduced the burden of hepatitis C but is partially offset by increasing IV drug abuse. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pandemic is on and there is recent alarming increase in alcohol related liver disease, both of which have no drug cure apart from control of the risk factors. Genetic factors have been identified in progression of all forms of CLD. Due to better management of complications of CLD, the life span of patients have increased spiking the number of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and patients needing liver transplantation (LT). The present severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pandemic has affected the outcome CLD including LT in addition to causing acute hepatitis. Better diagnostics and therapeutics are available for liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, HCC and post LT management and many drugs are under trial. The present review summarises the current scenario of the epidemiology and the advances in diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases including their complications like portal hypertension, HCC and LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Ray
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, B.R.Singh (Railway) Hospital, Kolkata 700014, West Bengal, India
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10
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Aerospace Medicine Clinic. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2022; 93:764-766. [DOI: 10.3357/amhp.5777.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Wang L, Zhang W, Wang R, Guang Y, Zhang D, Zhang C, Hu M, Wei Z, Zhang W, Yun K, Guo Z. Estimating the time of last drinking from blood ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate concentrations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14262. [PMID: 35995832 PMCID: PMC9395533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of length of time from the last drinking is critical for cases like drunk driving, sexual assault victims, and also postmortem suspected poisoning cases. The study was aimed to established a method of estimating the time of last drinking through the pharmacokinetic study of conjugation metabolites of alcohol in blood after a single oral dose. Twenty-six volunteers (14 males) consumed alcohol with food at a fixed dose of 0.72 g/kg after fasting for 12 h. Five milliliters of blood were collected 120 h after the start of drinking, and all samples were analyzed with headspace-gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The time point of last drinking was estimated through the relationship between the concentration ratio of ethyl glucuronide to ethyl sulphate and the length of time after drinking. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by a pharmacokinetic software DAS according to the non-compartment model. A good correlation model was obtained from the relationship between concentration ratio of ethyl glucuronide to ethyl sulphate in blood and the time of alcohol use, and the margin of error was mostly lower than 10%. The time of maximum concentration, maximum concentration, and elimination half-life of ethyl glucuronide in blood were 4.12 ± 1.07 h, 0.31 ± 0.11 mg/L and 2.56 ± 0.89 h; the time of maximum concentration, maximum concentration, and elimination half-life of ethyl sulphate in blood were 3.02 ± 0.70 h, 0.17 ± 0.04 mg/L, and 2.04 ± 0.76 h. The study established a potential method to estimate the length of time after a moderate oral dose, and provided pharmacokinetic parameters of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ruilong Wang
- Wanbailin District Public Security Bureau, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yongli Guang
- Insititute of Forensic Science Tianjinn Binhai New Area Public Security Bureau, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Daming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China.
| | - Keming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Guo
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China.
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12
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Van Uytfanghe K, Heughebaert L, Abatih E, Stove CP. Set-up of a population-based model to verify alcohol abstinence via monitoring of the direct alcohol marker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1. Addiction 2022; 117:2108-2118. [PMID: 35072319 DOI: 10.1111/add.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth) is a biomarker for alcohol intake. It has a half-life of 7.9 days. Chronic alcohol consumption causes high PEth values. It can take weeks before PEth values fall below the decision limit for 'alcohol abstinence'. Our aim was to validate whether alcohol abstinence can be determined based on two consecutive PEth results above the decision limit. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Belgium, February 2019. The study was linked to a social initiative in Belgium, 'Tournée Minérale'. PARTICIPANTS Adults (aged > 18 years, n = 796) with varying drinking habits who self-reportedly refrained from alcohol consumption during the study. MEASUREMENTS A validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to quantify PEth in participants' dried blood samples, collected at three time-points via remote fingerprick-based self-sampling. FINDINGS A population-based algorithm to evaluate abstinence based on 95% prediction limits was developed by fitting a linear mixed-effect model to discern patterns in PEth elimination over time. It took intra- and inter-individual variability into consideration. The algorithm was included in a two-step decision tree, assessing whether (i) PEth values fell within the prediction interval and (ii) the slope between two PEth values was consistent with no alcohol consumption. Data for 74 participants reporting no alcohol intake during the study were used for validation. With a detection limit of 'four units spread over 14 days', the sensitivity and specificity of the decision tree was 89%. CONCLUSIONS Claims of alcohol abstinence can be verified using a two-step decision tree for phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 values, even when those values are above the limit for 'alcohol abstinence'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Van Uytfanghe
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesl Heughebaert
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Abatih
- Fostering Innovative Research Based on Evidence (FIRE), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Steuer C, Quattrini D, Raeber J, Waser P, Steuer AE. Easy and convenient millimole-scale synthesis of new, potential biomarkers for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) intake - feasible for analytical laboratories. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:1460-1470. [PMID: 35415886 PMCID: PMC9544675 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
New biomarkers indicating the abuse of drugs and alcohol are still of major interest for clinical and forensic sciences. The endogenous neurotransmitter and approved drug, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), is often illegally used for drug-facilitated crimes by spiking GHB into alcoholic beverages. Analytical detection windows of only 6 hours in blood and 12 hours in urine often too short to provide reliable proof of GHB ingestion. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed to prove exogenous GHB administration. Previously, amino-acid GHB conjugates were discovered in an untargeted metabolomics screening and fatty acid esters with GHB were recently discussed as promising biomarkers to enlarge the analytical detection time windows. However, the development of analytical methods is still slowed down since reference compounds for targeted screenings are still missing. In this paper, we describe simple procedures for the rapid synthesis and purification of amino acid-GHB conjugates as well as fatty acid esters, which can be adopted in analytical and clinical/forensic laboratories. Structural characterization data, together with IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, high resolution mass spectra (MS), and MS/MS spectra in positive and negative ionization mode are reported for all obtained GHB-conjugates and GHB-conjugate precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steuer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Quattrini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justine Raeber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Waser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Steuer
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine (ZIFM), Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Ghosh S, Jain R, Singh S, Rao R, Mishra AK, Jhanjee S. A simplified approach for determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractUrinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG), an alcohol biomarker, plays an essential role in monitoring alcohol abstinence and relapse during treatment for alcohol dependence. Detection of this biomarker has become a routine in many clinical and forensic laboratories over the last few years. Most previously published methods commonly use hyphenated chromatographic techniques along with extensive extraction procedure before analysis. This work aimed to develop and validate an electron impact ionization mode gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method to measure ethyl glucuronide levels in human urine. For its determination, urine samples were dried under a gentle stream of nitrogen, derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, incubated, and injected into the instrument. The analysis was performed using single quadrupole gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology and validation was performed according to the guidelines of the German Society of Toxicology and Forensic Chemistry (GTFCh). The linearity of urinary EtG was obtained in the range of 30–5000 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient (r) above 0.999. The extraction recoveries exceeded 80%, and the obtained inter-day and intra-day precisions were below 15%. The achieved limit of detection was 10 ng/ml and limit of quantification achieved was 30 ng/ml. The electron ionization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique proves to be a feasible option for determining EtG in human urine when other sophisticated techniques are unapproachable. This method provides a good sensitivity and proves to be cost-effective, robust, and advantageous for both clinical as well as forensic settings.
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Grottenthaler JM, Konzelmann A, Stiegler A, Hinterleitner C, Bott SM, Klag T, Werner CR, Hinterleitner M, Königsrainer A, Batra A, Malek NP, Nadalin S, Berg CP. Significance and clinical impact of routinely tested urinary ethyl glucuronide after liver transplantation - development of a risk score. Transpl Int 2021; 34:2257-2265. [PMID: 34358363 DOI: 10.1111/tri.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol abuse after liver transplantation can seriously impact graft and patient survival. However, to date, there is no defined standard procedure to identify patients consuming alcohol after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic value and clinical impact of routinely measured urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG) - a metabolite of ethanol - in patients after liver transplantation. METHODS Data of 362 consecutive patients after liver transplantation who visited the University Hospital of Tuebingen for outpatient follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS 48 patients (13%) displayed positive uEtG results. The uEtG positive group contained significantly more patients with pre transplant alcoholic liver disease. However, two thirds of the uEtG positive patients had no history of pre transplant alcoholic liver disease. Several clinical parameters were significantly associated with positive uEtG. In order to enable a more cost-effective application of uEtG in the future, a clinical risk score was developed (specificity 0.95). CONCLUSIONS Routine testing for uEtG reveals a considerable percentage of patients practicing alcohol intake after liver transplantation. Application of our proposed risk score could help focusing uEtG testing on patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Grottenthaler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annette Konzelmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anette Stiegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Hinterleitner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah M Bott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klag
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph R Werner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martina Hinterleitner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph P Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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16
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Snozek CLH, Souers R, Dizon A, Magnani B, Krasowski MD. Ethanol Biomarker Testing and Challenges: Lessons Learned From a College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Survey. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:1492-1498. [PMID: 33635953 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0699-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Clinical and forensic testing for ethanol biomarkers including ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) is used to discern alcohol use from abstinence. These markers can be key in major decisions including transplant eligibility or retaining licensure after alcohol misuse. Accuracy, precision, and recognition of the implications of reporting cutoffs are all essential for correct interpretation. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate trends in testing for EtG and EtS, including how laboratories perform testing and how comparable participant results are. DESIGN.— The study examined the College of American Pathologists' ethanol biomarker proficiency testing survey from 2013 to 2019. Trends in methodology, reporting cutoffs, and participant performance were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative EtG testing and for quantitative EtS testing. RESULTS.— There was little consensus in reporting cutoffs, which ranged from 10 to 1000 ng/mL for EtG and 10 to 1500 ng/mL for EtS. Although median EtG and EtS compared well with target concentrations, individual participants' results varied widely. For quantitative enzyme immunoassay, accuracy and precision were best in EtG challenges less than 1500 ng/mL. For EtG or EtS by mass spectrometry, overall accuracy was good over a wide concentration range, but variability between participants was high. Approximately 10% (409 of 4059) of results were unacceptable, which for mass spectrometry corresponded to more than 35% above or below the group mean. CONCLUSIONS.— Although many participants performed well, there was insufficient consensus in reporting cutoffs and a consistent fraction of laboratories failed to achieve survey standards. Guidelines for assay performance and reporting could greatly benefit laboratories and end users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L H Snozek
- Supplemental digital content is available for this article. See text for hyperlink. From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (Snozek)
| | - Rhona Souers
- The Biostatistics Division (Souers), College of American Pathologists, Northfield Illinois
| | - Annabel Dizon
- Proficiency Testing Division (Dizon), College of American Pathologists, Northfield Illinois
| | - Barbarajean Magnani
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Magnani)
| | - Matthew D Krasowski
- The Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (Krasowski)
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17
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Non-oxidative ethanol metabolism in human hepatic cells in vitro: Involvement of uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 in ethylglucuronide production. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104842. [PMID: 32283135 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is the most frequently psychoactive substance used in the world, leading to major public health problems with several millions of deaths attributed to alcohol consumption each year. Metabolism of ethanol occurs mainly in the liver via the predominant oxidative metabolism pathway involving phase I enzymes including alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and catalase. In a lesser extent, an alternative non-oxidative pathway also contributes to the metabolism of ethanol, which involves the uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and sulfotransferase (SULT) phase II enzymes. Using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, ethylglucuronide (EtG) and ethylsulfate (EtS) produced respectively by UGT and SULT conjugation and detected in various biological samples are direct markers of alcohol consumption. We report herein the efficient non-oxidative metabolic pathway of ethanol in human differentiated HepaRG cells compared to primary human hepatocytes (HH). We showed dose- and time-dependent production of EtS and EtG after ethanol (25 or 50 mM) treatment in culture media of differentiated HepaRG cells and HH and a significant induction of CYP2E1 mRNA expression upon acute ethanol exposure in HepaRG cells. These differentiated hepatoma cells thus represent a suitable in vitro human liver cell model to explore ethanol metabolism and more particularly EtG and EtS production. In addition, using recombinant HepG2 cells expressing different UGT1A genes, we found that UGT1A9 was the major UGT involved in ethanol glucuronidation.
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18
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Lange J, Eddhif B, Tarighi M, Garandeau T, Péraudeau E, Clarhaut J, Renoux B, Papot S, Poinot P. Volatile Organic Compound Based Probe for Induced Volatolomics of Cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17563-17566. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lange
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Balkis Eddhif
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Mehrad Tarighi
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Théa Garandeau
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Elodie Péraudeau
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe “Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés” rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
- CHU de Poitiers 86021 Poitiers France
| | - Jonathan Clarhaut
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe “Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés” rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
- CHU de Poitiers 86021 Poitiers France
| | - Brigitte Renoux
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe “Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés” rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Sébastien Papot
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe “Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés” rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
- Seekyo SA 4 rue Carol Heitz 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Pauline Poinot
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
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19
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Landberg R. Can Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide Be Used as a Biomarker of Habitual Alcohol Consumption? J Nutr 2019; 149:2077-2078. [PMID: 31504734 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Donnadieu-Rigole H, Jaubert L, Ursic-Bedoya J, Hanslik B, Mura T, Gamon L, Faure S, Navarro F, Perney P, Herrero A, Pageaux GP. Integration of an Addiction Team in a Liver Transplantation Center. Liver Transpl 2019; 25:1611-1619. [PMID: 31529607 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Up to 50% of liver transplantation (LT) recipients with known or clandestine alcohol-use disorder (AUD) before surgery return to alcohol use after LT. However, only severe alcohol relapse, which varies in frequency from 11% to 26% of patients, has an impact on longterm survival and significantly decreases survival rates after 10 years. Therefore, it is crucial to identify patients with the highest risk of severe relapse in order to arrange specific, standardized monitoring by an addiction team before and after LT. The aims of this study were to describe the effects of combined management of AUD on the rate of severe alcohol relapse and to determine the risk factors before LT that predict severe relapse. Patients transplanted between January 2008 and December 2014 who had met with the LT team's addiction specialist were included in the study. Patients who exhibited alcohol-related relapse risk factors received specific addiction follow-up. A total of 235 patients were enrolled in the study. Most of them were men (79%), and the mean age at the time of the LT was 55.7 years. Severe relapse occurred in only 9% of the transplant recipients. Alcohol-related factors of severe relapse were a pretransplant abstinence of 6 months and family, legal, or professional consequences of alcohol consumption, whereas the nonalcohol-related factors were being single and being eligible for a disability pension. In conclusion, the integration of an addiction team in a LT center may be beneficial. The addiction specialist can identify patients at risk of severe relapse in the pretransplantation period and hence arrange for specific follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Donnadieu-Rigole
- Addictions Department, Saint Eloi Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U 1058, Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Jaubert
- Addictions Department, Saint Eloi Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - José Ursic-Bedoya
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Department, Saint Eloi Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertrand Hanslik
- Addictions Department, Saint Eloi Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Mura
- Medical Information Department, La Colombière Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Medical University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Gamon
- Medical Information Department, La Colombière Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Faure
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Department, Saint Eloi Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francis Navarro
- Medical University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Liver Surgery Department, Saint Eloi Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Perney
- Medical University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Addictions Department, Caremeau Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Astrid Herrero
- Medical University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Liver Surgery Department, Saint Eloi Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Georges-Philippe Pageaux
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Department, Saint Eloi Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Medical University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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21
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Lange J, Eddhif B, Tarighi M, Garandeau T, Péraudeau E, Clarhaut J, Renoux B, Papot S, Poinot P. Volatile Organic Compound Based Probe for Induced Volatolomics of Cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lange
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Balkis Eddhif
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Mehrad Tarighi
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Théa Garandeau
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Elodie Péraudeau
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe “Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés” rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
- CHU de Poitiers 86021 Poitiers France
| | - Jonathan Clarhaut
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe “Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés” rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
- CHU de Poitiers 86021 Poitiers France
| | - Brigitte Renoux
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe “Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés” rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Sébastien Papot
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe “Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés” rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
- Seekyo SA 4 rue Carol Heitz 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Pauline Poinot
- University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
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22
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Tümer AR, Lale A, Gürler M, Yıldırım MŞ, Kaynak AD, Akçan R. The effects of traditional fermented beverages on ethanol, ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate levels. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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23
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Vogeser M, Zhang YV. Understanding the strategic landscape surrounding the implementation of mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory: A SWOT analysis. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (DEL MAR, CALIF.) 2018; 9:1-6. [PMID: 39193354 PMCID: PMC11322772 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vogeser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Y. Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
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24
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Bakhireva LN, Sharkis J, Shrestha S, Miranda-Sohrabji TJ, Williams S, Miranda RC. Prevalence of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in the State of Texas as Assessed by Phosphatidylethanol in Newborn Dried Blood Spot Specimens. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1004-1011. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila N. Bakhireva
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences; University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy; Albuquerque New Mexico
- Department of Family and Community Medicine; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Janet Sharkis
- Texas Office for Prevention of Developmental Disabilities ; Austin Texas
| | - Shikhar Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences; University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy; Albuquerque New Mexico
| | | | - Sonnie Williams
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences; University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy; Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Rajesh C. Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics; Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine; Bryan Texas
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25
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Reprint of Standardisation and use of the alcohol biomarker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). Clin Chim Acta 2017; 467:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Ryu Y, Gracia-Lor E, Bade R, Baz-Lomba JA, Bramness JG, Castiglioni S, Castrignanò E, Causanilles A, Covaci A, de Voogt P, Hernandez F, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Kinyua J, McCall AK, Ort C, Plósz BG, Ramin P, Rousis NI, Reid MJ, Thomas KV. Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α in wastewater associated with tobacco use. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39055. [PMID: 27976726 PMCID: PMC5157025 DOI: 10.1038/srep39055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater analysis has been demonstrated to be a complementary approach for assessing the overall patterns of drug use by a population while the full potential of wastewater-based epidemiology has yet to be explored. F2-isoprostanes are a prototype wastewater biomarker to study the cumulative oxidative stress at a community level. In this work, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) was analysed in raw 24 h-composite wastewater samples collected from 4 Norwegian and 7 other European cities in 2014 and 2015. Using the same samples, biomarkers of alcohol (ethyl sulfate) and tobacco (trans-3′-hydroxycotinine) use were also analysed to investigate any possible correlation between 8-iso-PGF2α and the consumption of the two drugs. The estimated per capita daily loads of 8-iso-PGF2α in the 11 cities ranged between 2.5 and 9.9 mg/day/1000 inhabitants with a population-weighted mean of 4.8 mg/day/1000 inhabitants. There were no temporal trends observed in the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α, however, spatial differences were found at the inter-city level correlating to the degree of urbanisation. The 8-iso-PGF2α mass load was found to be strongly associated with that of trans-3′-hydroxycotinine while it showed no correlation with ethyl sulfate. The present study shows the potential for 8-iso-PGF2α as a wastewater biomarker for the assessment of community public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsuk Ryu
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO box 1078 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Gracia-Lor
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy.,Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Richard Bade
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - J A Baz-Lomba
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO box 1078 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen G Bramness
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO box 1078 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Castrignanò
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ana Causanilles
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pim de Voogt
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Hernandez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Juliet Kinyua
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ann-Kathrin McCall
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Ort
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Benedek G Plósz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pedram Ramin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikolaos I Rousis
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Malcolm J Reid
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
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27
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Ryu Y, Barceló D, Barron LP, Bijlsma L, Castiglioni S, de Voogt P, Emke E, Hernández F, Lai FY, Lopes A, de Alda ML, Mastroianni N, Munro K, O'Brien J, Ort C, Plósz BG, Reid MJ, Yargeau V, Thomas KV. Comparative measurement and quantitative risk assessment of alcohol consumption through wastewater-based epidemiology: An international study in 20 cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:977-983. [PMID: 27188267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative measurement of drug consumption biomarkers in wastewater can provide objective information on community drug use patterns and trends. This study presents the measurement of alcohol consumption in 20 cities across 11 countries through the use of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), and reports the application of these data for the risk assessment of alcohol on a population scale using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. Raw 24-h composite wastewater samples were collected over a one-week period from 20 cities following a common protocol. For each sample a specific and stable alcohol consumption biomarker, ethyl sulfate (EtS) was determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The EtS concentrations were used for estimation of per capita alcohol consumption in each city, which was further compared with international reports and applied for risk assessment by MOE. The average per capita consumption in 20 cities ranged between 6.4 and 44.3L/day/1000 inhabitants. An increase in alcohol consumption during the weekend occurred in all cities, however the level of this increase was found to differ. In contrast to conventional data (sales statistics and interviews), WBE revealed geographical differences in the level and pattern of actual alcohol consumption at an inter-city level. All the sampled cities were in the "high risk" category (MOE<10) and the average MOE for the whole population studied was 2.5. These results allowed direct comparisons of alcohol consumption levels, patterns and risks among the cities. This study shows that WBE can provide timely and complementary information on alcohol use and alcohol associated risks in terms of exposure at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsuk Ryu
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO box 1078 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Leon P Barron
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Pim de Voogt
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Boxs 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Emke
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Boxs 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Alvaro Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Mastroianni
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelly Munro
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jake O'Brien
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Christoph Ort
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Benedek G Plósz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 113, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Malcolm J Reid
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St., Montreal, QC J3N 1V3, Canada
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
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Helander A, Wielders J, Anton R, Arndt T, Bianchi V, Deenmamode J, Jeppsson JO, Whitfield JB, Weykamp C, Schellenberg F. Standardisation and use of the alcohol biomarker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). Clin Chim Acta 2016; 459:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Spatial and temporal trends in alcohol consumption in Belgian cities: A wastewater-based approach. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 160:170-6. [PMID: 26804900 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, scientific evidence has emerged that wastewater-based epidemiology can deliver complementary information concerning the use of different substances of abuse. In this study, the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology in monitoring spatial and temporal trends in alcohol consumption in different populations in Belgium has been examined. METHODS Concentrations of ethyl sulphate, a minor Phase-II metabolite of ethanol, in 163 influent wastewater samples from eight wastewater treatment plants in Belgium in the period 2013-2015 were measured with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and used to estimate alcohol consumption. RESULTS The highest levels of alcohol consumption were detected in the metropoles Antwerp and Brussels compared to smaller villages. Annual variations were detected, with a higher alcohol consumption measured in 2013 compared with 2014. The weekly pattern showed a clear week and weekend difference in alcohol use, with intermediate levels on Monday and Friday. The results were extrapolated and a use of 5.6L pure alcohol per year per inhabitant aged 15+ has been estimated in Belgium. The comparison with available information on drinking habits of the Belgian population further demonstrated the usefulness of the wastewater-based epidemiology approach. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest wastewater-based epidemiology study monitoring alcohol consumption to date, demonstrating that objective and quick information on spatio-temporal trends in alcohol consumption on a local and (inter)national scale can be obtained.
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