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Zhang W, Hou Y, Yin S, Miao Q, Lee K, Zhou X, Wang Y. Advanced gene nanocarriers/scaffolds in nonviral-mediated delivery system for tissue regeneration and repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:376. [PMID: 38926780 PMCID: PMC11200991 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration technology has been rapidly developed and widely applied in tissue engineering and repair. Compared with traditional approaches like surgical treatment, the rising gene therapy is able to have a durable effect on tissue regeneration, such as impaired bone regeneration, articular cartilage repair and cancer-resected tissue repair. Gene therapy can also facilitate the production of in situ therapeutic factors, thus minimizing the diffusion or loss of gene complexes and enabling spatiotemporally controlled release of gene products for tissue regeneration. Among different gene delivery vectors and supportive gene-activated matrices, advanced gene/drug nanocarriers attract exceptional attraction due to their tunable physiochemical properties, as well as excellent adaptive performance in gene therapy for tissue regeneration, such as bone, cartilage, blood vessel, nerve and cancer-resected tissue repair. This paper reviews the recent advances on nonviral-mediated gene delivery systems with an emphasis on the important role of advanced nanocarriers in gene therapy and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanheng Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Hou
- Institute of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shiyi Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kyubae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Materials, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Chao YW, Lee YL, Tseng CS, Wang LUH, Hsia KC, Chen H, Fustin JM, Azeem S, Chang TT, Chen CY, Kung FC, Hsueh YP, Huang YS, Chao HW. Improved CaP Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid and Protein Delivery to Neural Primary Cultures and Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4822-4839. [PMID: 38285698 PMCID: PMC10867895 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Efficiently delivering exogenous materials into primary neurons and neural stem cells (NSCs) has long been a challenge in neurobiology. Existing methods have struggled with complex protocols, unreliable reproducibility, high immunogenicity, and cytotoxicity, causing a huge conundrum and hindering in-depth analyses. Here, we establish a cutting-edge method for transfecting primary neurons and NSCs, named teleofection, by a two-step process to enhance the formation of biocompatible calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles. Teleofection enables both nucleic acid and protein transfection into primary neurons and NSCs, eliminating the need for specialized skills and equipment. It can easily fine-tune transfection efficiency by adjusting the incubation time and nanoparticle quantity, catering to various experimental requirements. Teleofection's versatility allows for the delivery of different cargos into the same cell culture, whether simultaneously or sequentially. This flexibility proves invaluable for long-term studies, enabling the monitoring of neural development and synapse plasticity. Moreover, teleofection ensures the consistent and robust expression of delivered genes, facilitating molecular and biochemical investigations. Teleofection represents a significant advancement in neurobiology, which has promise to transcend the limitations of current gene delivery methods. It offers a user-friendly, cost-effective, and reproducible approach for researchers, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of brain function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chao
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lurk Lee
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-San Tseng
- Department
of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical
University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lily Ueh-Hsi Wang
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chiang Hsia
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department
of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jean-Michel Fustin
- The
University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sayma Azeem
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Taiwan
International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chao-Tung University and Academia
Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tung Chang
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ya Chen
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Che Kung
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Taiwan
International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chao-Tung University and Academia
Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Wen Chao
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Azadpour B, Aharipour N, Paryab A, Omid H, Abdollahi S, Madaah Hosseini H, Malek Khachatourian A, Toprak MS, Seifalian AM. Magnetically-assisted viral transduction (magnetofection) medical applications: An update. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213657. [PMID: 37844415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy involves replacing a faulty gene or adding a new gene inside the body's cells to cure disease or improve the body's ability to fight disease. Its popularity is evident from emerging concepts such as CRISPR-based genome editing and epigenetic studies and has been moved to a clinical setting. The strategy for therapeutic gene design includes; suppressing the expression of pathogenic genes, enhancing necessary protein production, and stimulating the immune system, which can be incorporated into both viral and non-viral gene vectors. Although non-viral gene delivery provides a safer platform, it suffers from an inefficient rate of gene transfection, which means a few genes could be successfully transfected and expressed within the cells. Incorporating nucleic acids into the viruses and using these viral vectors to infect cells increases gene transfection efficiency. Consequently, more cells will respond, more genes will be expressed, and sustained and successful gene therapy can be achieved. Combining nanoparticles (NPs) and nucleic acids protects genetic materials from enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, the vectors can be transferred faster, facilitating cell attachment and cellular uptake. Magnetically assisted viral transduction (magnetofection) enhances gene therapy efficiency by mixing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with gene vectors and exerting a magnetic field to guide a significant number of vectors directly onto the cells. This research critically reviews the MNPs and the physiochemical properties needed to assemble an appropriate magnetic viral vector, discussing cellular hurdles and attitudes toward overcoming these barriers to reach clinical gene therapy perspectives. We focus on the studies conducted on the various applications of magnetic viral vectors in cancer therapies, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, cell sorting, and virus isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Azadpour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Aharipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Paryab
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Omid
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sorosh Abdollahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Muhammet S Toprak
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, & Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK.
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Agyekum GA, Zhang M, Li F, Sun M, Zhang F, Yang Y, Lu Y, Chen M, Zhang Z. The complexing of cationic copolymer MPC 30-DEA 70 with TGF-β1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide and transfection into cardiomyocytes in vitro. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1315-1324. [PMID: 36373781 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221138922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although gene therapy is an attractive option for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the ideal gene delivery systems are still under investigation and must meet the following criteria: safety, adequate gene transfer efficiency, and stable expression of the transgene for a duration appropriate for treating the disease. In this study, we developed a cationic phosphorylcholine-containing diblock copolymer, namely MPC30-DEA70, as carrier systems to deliver a chemically synthesized transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) into cardiomyocytes (CMs) to observe the cell transfection efficiency of MPC30-DEA70 and the inhibition effect on the expression of TGF-β1. MPC30-DEA70/TGF-β1 AS-ODN complexes were formed through complexation between copolymer MPC30-DEA70 (N) and AS-ODN (P) at different N/P ratios and were characterized by DNA electrophoresis. Notably, the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition assay showed that the MPC30-DEA70 had low cytotoxicity to CMs within the effective transfection dosage range (<20 μL/mL). CLSM/TEM images displayed that most of the AS-ODN molecules engulfed by cells were located around the cell nuclei, and a few entered into the cell nuclei without harming the organelles in the cell. Transfection studies from CMs indicated a steady increase of transfection efficiency with increasing N/P ratios. The expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in CMs were significantly inhibited at high N/P ratios. This study shows that MPC30-DEA70 can function as an effective transgenic vector into CMs and that TGF-β1 AS-ODN delivered by MPC30-DEA70 can silence the expression of the TGF-β1 gene efficiently and specifically and thereafter antagonize TGF-β1-mediated biological function in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Amfo Agyekum
- 117910Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,38044School of International Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- 117910Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- 117910Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Min Sun
- 117910Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- 117910Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Yang
- 117910Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- 117910Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Minmin Chen
- 38044School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- 117910Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,38044School of International Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Jiang Z, Xu Y, Fu M, Zhu D, Li N, Yang G. Genetically modified cell spheroids for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J Control Release 2023; 354:588-605. [PMID: 36657601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell spheroids offer cell-to-cell interactions and show advantages in survival rate and paracrine effect to solve clinical and biomedical inquiries ranging from tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to disease pathophysiology. Therefore, cell spheroids are ideal vehicles for gene delivery. Genetically modified spheroids can enhance specific gene expression to promote tissue regeneration. Gene deliveries to cell spheroids are via viral vectors or non-viral vectors. Some new technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 also have been used in genetically modified methods to deliver exogenous gene to the host chromosome. It has been shown that genetically modified cell spheroids had the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, vascular, nerve, cardiomyocytes, skin, and skeletal muscle as well as organs like the liver to replace the diseased organ in the animal and pre-clinical trials. This article reviews the recent articles about genetically modified spheroid cells and explains the fabrication, applications, development timeline, limitations, and future directions of genetically modified cell spheroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Mengdie Fu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Na Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Delgado A, Griera R, Llor N, López-Aguilar E, Busquets MA, Noé V, Ciudad CJ. Trioleyl Pyridinium, a Cationic Transfection Agent for the Lipofection of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides into Mammalian Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020420. [PMID: 36839742 PMCID: PMC9960667 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most significant limitations that therapeutic oligonucleotides present is the development of specific and efficient delivery vectors for the internalization of nucleic acids into cells. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new transfection agents that ensure a proper and efficient delivery into mammalian cells. METHODS We describe the synthesis of 1,3,5-tris[(4-oelyl-1-pyridinio)methyl]benzene tribromide (TROPY) and proceeded to the validation of its binding capacity toward oligonucleotides, the internalization of DNA into the cells, the effect on cell viability, apoptosis, and its capability to transfect plasmid DNA. RESULTS The synthesis and chemical characterization of TROPY, which can bind DNA and transfect oligonucleotides into mammalian cells through clathrin and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, are described. Using a PPRH against the antiapoptotic survivin gene as a model, we validated that the complex TROPY-PPRH decreased cell viability in human cancer cells, increased apoptosis, and reduced survivin mRNA and protein levels. TROPY was also able to stably transfect plasmid DNA, as demonstrated by the formation of viable colonies upon the transfection of a dhfr minigene into dhfr-negative cells and the subsequent metabolic selection. CONCLUSIONS TROPY is an efficient transfecting agent that allows the delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as PPRHs and plasmid DNA, inside mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Griera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Llor
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester López-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antònia Busquets
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Véronique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-403-4455
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Kumar R. Materiomically Designed Polymeric Vehicles for Nucleic Acids: Quo Vadis? ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2507-2535. [PMID: 35642794 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in molecular biology, particularly in site-specific genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and base editing, financial and logistical challenges hinder a broad population from accessing and benefiting from gene therapy. To improve the affordability and scalability of gene therapy, we need to deploy chemically defined, economical, and scalable materials, such as synthetic polymers. For polymers to deliver nucleic acids efficaciously to targeted cells, they must optimally combine design attributes, such as architecture, length, composition, spatial distribution of monomers, basicity, hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase balance, or protonation degree. Designing polymeric vectors for specific nucleic acid payloads is a multivariate optimization problem wherein even minuscule deviations from the optimum are poorly tolerated. To explore the multivariate polymer design space rapidly, efficiently, and fruitfully, we must integrate parallelized polymer synthesis, high-throughput biological screening, and statistical modeling. Although materiomics approaches promise to streamline polymeric vector development, several methodological ambiguities must be resolved. For instance, establishing a flexible polymer ontology that accommodates recent synthetic advances, enforcing uniform polymer characterization and data reporting standards, and implementing multiplexed in vitro and in vivo screening studies require considerable planning, coordination, and effort. This contribution will acquaint readers with the challenges associated with materiomics approaches to polymeric gene delivery and offers guidelines for overcoming these challenges. Here, we summarize recent developments in combinatorial polymer synthesis, high-throughput screening of polymeric vectors, omics-based approaches to polymer design, barcoding schemes for pooled in vitro and in vivo screening, and identify materiomics-inspired research directions that will realize the long-unfulfilled clinical potential of polymeric carriers in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1613 Illinois St, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Xu S, Liu B, Fan J, Xue C, Lu Y, Li C, Cui D. Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes with high CXCR4 levels for targeted siRNA gene therapy against cancer. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4098-4113. [PMID: 35133380 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08170e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been used in a variety of diseases and shows brilliant anticancer or cancer suppression effects. Gene therapy is gradually evolving as the most compelling frontier hotspot in the field of cancer therapy. The current vehicles used in gene therapy have poor safety and low delivery efficiency, and thus, it is urgent to develop novel delivery vehicles for gene therapy. Due to the excellent stability and biosafety of exosomes, their use as drug carriers for novel nucleic acid therapy is in full swing, revealing huge prospects for clinical application. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a natural homing property and can spontaneously accumulate at injury sites, inflammation sites, and even tumour sites. This feature is attributed to a variety of tropism factors expressed on their surface; for example, CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) can specifically bind to the highly expressed stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on the tumour surface, which is essential for accumulation of MSCs at the tumour site. The mesenchymal stem cells used in this study were genetically engineered to obtain exosomes with high CXCR4 expression as carriers for targeted gene-drug delivery, and then, the Survivin gene was loaded via electrotransformation to construct a brand-new gene-drug delivery system (CXCR4high Exo/si-Survivin). Finally, related in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted. We observed that the new delivery system can efficiently aggregate at the tumour site and release siRNA into tumour cells, knocking down the Survivin gene in tumour cells in vivo and thereby inhibiting tumour growth. This new gene-drug delivery system has tremendous clinical transformation value and provides a new strategy for clinical treatment of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Junyi Fan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cuili Xue
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Can Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Sayed N, Allawadhi P, Khurana A, Singh V, Navik U, Pasumarthi SK, Khurana I, Banothu AK, Weiskirchen R, Bharani KK. Gene therapy: Comprehensive overview and therapeutic applications. Life Sci 2022; 294:120375. [PMID: 35123997 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is the product of man's quest to eliminate diseases. Gene therapy has three facets namely, gene silencing using siRNA, shRNA and miRNA, gene replacement where the desired gene in the form of plasmids and viral vectors, are directly administered and finally gene editing based therapy where mutations are modified using specific nucleases such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regulatory interspaced short tandem repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)-associated nucleases. Transfer of gene is either through transformation where under specific conditions the gene is directly taken up by the bacterial cells, transduction where a bacteriophage is used to transfer the genetic material and lastly transfection that involves forceful delivery of gene using either viral or non-viral vectors. The non-viral transfection methods are subdivided into physical, chemical and biological. The physical methods include electroporation, biolistic, microinjection, laser, elevated temperature, ultrasound and hydrodynamic gene transfer. The chemical methods utilize calcium- phosphate, DAE-dextran, liposomes and nanoparticles for transfection. The biological methods are increasingly using viruses for gene transfer, these viruses could either integrate within the genome of the host cell conferring a stable gene expression, whereas few other non-integrating viruses are episomal and their expression is diluted proportional to the cell division. So far, gene therapy has been wielded in a plethora of diseases. However, coherent and innocuous delivery of genes is among the major hurdles in the use of this promising therapy. Hence this review aims to highlight the current options available for gene transfer along with the advantages and limitations of every method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofer Sayed
- Department of Pharmacy, Pravara Rural Education Society's (P.R.E.S.'s) College of Pharmacy, Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Women's University, Nashik 400020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Mamnoor, Warangal 506166, Telangana, India; Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Vishakha Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | | | - Isha Khurana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Anil Kumar Banothu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kala Kumar Bharani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Mamnoor, Warangal 506166, Telangana, India.
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10
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Sharma D, Arora S, Singh J, Layek B. A review of the tortuous path of nonviral gene delivery and recent progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2055-2073. [PMID: 34087309 PMCID: PMC8266766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy encompasses the transfer of exogenous genetic materials into the patient's target cells to treat or prevent diseases. Nevertheless, the transfer of genetic material into desired cells is challenging and often requires specialized tools or delivery systems. For the past 40 years, scientists are mainly pursuing various viruses as gene delivery vectors, and the overall progress has been slow and far from the expectation. As an alternative, nonviral vectors have gained substantial attention due to their several advantages, including superior safety profile, enhanced payload capacity, and stealth abilities. Since nonviral vectors encounter multiple extra- and intra-cellular barriers limiting the transfer of genetic payload into the target cell nucleus, we have discussed these barriers in detail for this review. A direct approach, utilizing physical methods like electroporation, sonoporation, gene gun, eliminate the requirement for a specific carrier for gene delivery. In contrast, chemical methods of gene transfer exploit natural or synthetic compounds as carriers to increase cellular targeting and gene therapy effectiveness. We have also emphasized the recent advancements aimed at enhancing the current nonviral approaches. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on discussing the current evolving state of nonviral gene delivery systems and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
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11
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Khodakova AS, Vilchis DV, Blackburn D, Amanor F, Samuel BS. Population scale nucleic acid delivery to Caenorhabditis elegans via electroporation. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab123. [PMID: 33872353 PMCID: PMC8495937 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans remains one of the most robust and flexible genetic systems for interrogating the complexities of animal biology. Targeted genetic manipulations, such as RNA interference (RNAi), CRISPR/Cas9- or array-based transgenesis, all depend on initial delivery of nucleic acids. Delivery of dsRNA by feeding can be effective, but the expression in Escherichia coli is not conducive to experiments intended to remain sterile or with defined microbial communities. Soaking-based delivery requires prolonged exposure of animals to high-material concentrations without a food source and is of limited throughput. Last, microinjection of individual animals can precisely deliver materials to animals' germlines, but is limited by the need to target and inject each animal one-by-one. Thus, we sought to address some of these challenges in nucleic acid delivery by developing a population-scale delivery method. We demonstrate efficient electroporation-mediated delivery of dsRNA throughout the worm and effective RNAi-based silencing, including in the germline. Finally, we show that guide RNA delivered by electroporation can be utilized by transgenic Cas9 expressing worms for population-scale genetic targeting. Together, these methods expand the scale and scope of genetic methodologies that can be applied to the C. elegans system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Khodakova
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- SMART Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniela Vidal Vilchis
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dana Blackburn
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ferdinand Amanor
- SMART Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Buck S Samuel
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- SMART Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Kumar S, Lazau E, Kim C, N Thadhani N, R Prausnitz M. Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3707-3724. [PMID: 34103912 PMCID: PMC8180297 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s307027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracellular delivery of molecules is central to applications in biotechnology, medicine, and basic research. Nanoparticle-mediated photoporation using carbon black nanoparticles exposed to pulsed, near-infrared laser irradiation offers a physical route to create transient cell membrane pores, enabling intracellular delivery. However, nanoparticle-mediated photoporation, like other physical intracellular delivery technologies, necessitates a trade-off between achieving efficient uptake of exogenous molecules and maintaining high cell viability. Methods In this study, we sought to shift this balance by adding serum to cells during nanoparticle-mediated photoporation as a viability protectant. DU-145 prostate cancer cells and human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to laser irradiation in the presence of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles and other formulation additives, including fetal bovine serum (FBS) and polymers. Results Our studies showed that FBS can protect cells from viability loss, even at high-fluence laser irradiation conditions that lead to high levels of intracellular delivery in two different mammalian cell types. Further studies revealed that full FBS was not needed: viability protection was achieved with denatured FBS, with just the high molecular weight fraction of FBS (>30 kDa), or even with individual proteins like albumin or hemoglobin. Finally, we found that viability protection was also obtained using certain neutral water-soluble polymers, including Pluronic F127, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and polyethylene glycol, which were more effective at increased concentration, molecular weight, or hydrophobicity. Conclusion Altogether, these findings suggest an interaction between amphiphilic domains of polymers with the cell membrane to help cells maintain viability, possibly by facilitating transmembrane pore closure. In this way, serum components or synthetic polymers can be used to increase intracellular delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation while maintaining high cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simple Kumar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Eunice Lazau
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
| | - Carter Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
| | - Naresh N Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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13
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Synthesis and validation of DOPY: A new gemini dioleylbispyridinium based amphiphile for nucleic acid transfection. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:279-292. [PMID: 34033881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids therapeutics provide a selective and promising alternative to traditional treatments for multiple genetic diseases. A major obstacle is the development of safe and efficient delivery systems. Here, we report the synthesis of the new cationic gemini amphiphile 1,3-bis[(4-oleyl-1-pyridinio)methyl]benzene dibromide (DOPY). Its transfection efficiency was evaluated using PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen hairpins (PPRHs), a nucleic acid tool for gene silencing and gene repair developed in our laboratory. The interaction of DOPY with PPRHs was confirmed by gel retardation assays, and it forms complexes of 155 nm. We also demonstrated the prominent internalization of PPRHs using DOPY compared to other chemical vehicles in SH-SY5Y, PC-3 and DF42 cells. Regarding gene silencing, a specific PPRH against the survivin gene delivered with DOPY decreased survivin protein levels and cell viability more effectively than with N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methylsulfate (DOTAP) in both SH-SY5Y and PC-3 cells. We also validated the applicability of DOPY in gene repair approaches by correcting a point mutation in the endogenous locus of the dhfr gene in DF42 cells using repair-PPRHs. All these results indicate both an efficient entry and release of PPRHs at the intracellular level. Therefore, DOPY can be considered as a new lipid-based vehicle for the delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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14
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Belete TM. The Current Status of Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer. Biologics 2021; 15:67-77. [PMID: 33776419 PMCID: PMC7987258 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s302095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is the administration of foreign genomic material into the host tissue to modify the expression of a gene product or to change the biological properties of cells for therapeutic use. Initially, the major objective of gene therapy was to manage genetic diseases, but now different disorders with several patterns of acquired and inherited disorders are targets of gene therapy. Over three decades, the advancement of Genome engineering technologies facilitated gene therapy for the prevention and management of intractable diseases. Researchers are advancing with cautious optimism that safe and effective treatment will give to patients with single-gene disorders and complex acquired disorders. To date, over 3000 genes associates with disease-causing mutations, and about 2600 gene therapy trials are undergoing for the management of various disorders. This review summarizes the principles of genome-editing approaches, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, meganucleases, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system with the underlying mechanisms. This review also explains the types of gene delivery systems as viral [adenoviral, adeno association, herpes simplex virus] and nonviral delivery systems (physical: DNA bombardment, electroporation) and (chemical: Cationic lipids, cationic polymers). Finally, this review summarizes gene therapy medicines approved to treat cancer in detail, including names, indications, vectors, and mode of gene therapy. Gene therapy becomes an alternative to an existing management for different diseases. Therefore, gene products with safe vectors and better biotechnologies play a significant role in the prophylaxis and management of various disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafere Mulaw Belete
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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16
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Bellucci MC, Volonterio A. Aminoglycosides: From Antibiotics to Building Blocks for the Synthesis and Development of Gene Delivery Vehicles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E504. [PMID: 32796727 PMCID: PMC7459817 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are a class of naturally occurring and semi synthetic antibiotics that have been used for a long time in fighting bacterial infections. Due to acquired antibiotic resistance and inherent toxicity, aminoglycosides have experienced a decrease in interest over time. However, in the last decade, we are seeing a renaissance of aminoglycosides thanks to a better understanding of their chemistry and mode of action, which had led to new trends of application. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to highlight one of these new fields of application: the use of aminoglycosides as building blocks for the development of liposomal and polymeric vectors for gene delivery. The design, synthetic strategies, ability to condensate the genetic material, the efficiency in transfection, and cytotoxicity as well as when available, the antibacterial activity of aminoglycoside-based cationic lipids and polymers are covered and critically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Bellucci
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Volonterio
- Department of Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineer “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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17
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Zohrab F, Asoodeh A, Jalili A, Darroudi M, Kazemi Oskuee R. Brevinin-2R-linked polyethylenimine as a promising hybrid nano-gene-delivery vector. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1026-1035. [PMID: 31807246 PMCID: PMC6880528 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.37125.8842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polyethylenimine (PEI) is one of the most widely used polymers in gene delivery. The aim of this study was to modify PEI by replacing some of its primary amines with Brevinin 2R (BR-2R) peptide in order to increase the efficiency of gene delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polyethylenimine was modified by BR-2R peptide by two different approaches; A) conjugation methods including (І) using succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP), (П) EDC/NHS protocol and (ПІ) EDC/NHS+6-bromohexanoic acid protocol, and B) physical interaction method. The modified polymers were characterized for their ability of plasmid condensation, number of primary amines, size and zeta potential. The transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity were evaluated on HEK293, L929, WEHI164 and Neuro2A cell lines by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based plasmid (pGFP) reporter gene and viability assays, respectively. Apoptosis induction ability was also evaluated via PI/Annexin V assay. RESULTS Polyplex had size and zeta potential between 200-270 nm and +21.5- +28.4 mV, respectively. All vectors were able to condense plasmid DNA in C/P=4 (carrier-plasmid ratio). Transfection results on the Neuro2A cell line showed that the vector containing the BR-2R peptide, which was synthesized using EDC-NHS protocol had the best transfection efficiency. CONCLUSION Our results showed that conjugation of Brevinin 2R as cell penetrating peptide to polyethyleneimine could enhance the transfection ability of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zohrab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Cen C, Wu J, Zhang Y, Luo C, Xie L, Zhang X, Yang X, Li M, Bi Y, Li T, He T. Improving Magnetofection of Magnetic Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles into MG-63 Osteoblasts Using a Novel Uniform Magnetic Field. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:90. [PMID: 30874913 PMCID: PMC6419855 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the magnetofection of MG-63 osteoblasts by integrating the use of a novel uniform magnetic field with low molecular weight polyethylenimine modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PEI-SPIO-NPs). The excellent characteristics of PEI-SPIO-NPs such as size, zeta potential, the pDNA binding and protective ability were determined to be suitable for gene delivery. The novel uniform magnetic field enabled polyethylenimine-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/pDNA complexes (PEI-SPIO-NPs/pDNA complexes) to rapidly and uniformly distribute on the surface of MG-63 cells, averting local transfection and decreasing disruption of the membrane caused by the centralization of positively charged PEI-SPIO-NPs, thereby increasing the effective coverage of magnetic gene carriers during transfection, and improving magnetofection efficiency. This innovative uniform magnetic field can be used to determine the optimal amount between PEI-SPIO-NPs and pDNA, as well as screen for the optimal formulation design of magnetic gene carrier under the homogenous conditions. Most importantly, the novel uniform magnetic field facilitates the transfection of PEI-SPIO-NPs/pDNA into osteoblasts, thereby providing a novel approach for the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to osteosarcoma tissues as well as a reference for the treatment of other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaode Cen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial Orthopedics Hospital, Guiyang, 550000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomaterials, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, 550000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomaterials, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomaterials, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomaterials, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, Department of Chemistry, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 40016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomaterials, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongchuan He
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Surgery/Orthopedics Center, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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Nakayama KH, Shayan M, Huang NF. Engineering Biomimetic Materials for Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801168. [PMID: 30725530 PMCID: PMC6589032 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle is highly regenerative following injury or disease, endogenous self-regeneration is severely impaired in conditions of volume traumatic muscle loss. Consequently, tissue engineering approaches are a promising means to regenerate skeletal muscle. Biological scaffolds serve as not only structural support for the promotion of cellular ingrowth but also impart potent modulatory signaling cues that may be beneficial for tissue regeneration. In this work, the progress of tissue engineering approaches for skeletal muscle engineering and regeneration is overviewed, with a focus on the techniques to create biomimetic engineered tissue using extracellular cues. These factors include mechanical and electrical stimulation, geometric patterning, and delivery of growth factors or other bioactive molecules. The progress of evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches in preclinical models of muscle injury is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H Nakayama
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mahdis Shayan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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20
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Patel S, Athirasala A, Menezes PP, Ashwanikumar N, Zou T, Sahay G, Bertassoni LE. Messenger RNA Delivery for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:91-112. [PMID: 29661055 PMCID: PMC6352544 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to control cellular processes and precisely direct cellular reprogramming has revolutionized regenerative medicine. Recent advances in in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA technology with chemical modifications have led to development of methods that control spatiotemporal gene expression. Additionally, there is a current thrust toward the development of safe, integration-free approaches to gene therapy for translational purposes. In this review, we describe strategies of synthetic IVT mRNA modifications and nonviral technologies for intracellular delivery. We provide insights into the current tissue engineering approaches that use a hydrogel scaffold with genetic material. Furthermore, we discuss the transformative potential of novel mRNA formulations that when embedded in hydrogels can trigger controlled genetic manipulation to regenerate tissues and organs in vitro and in vivo. The role of mRNA delivery in vascularization, cytoprotection, and Cas9-mediated xenotransplantation is additionally highlighted. Harmonizing mRNA delivery vehicle interactions with polymeric scaffolds can be used to present genetic cues that lead to precise command over cellular reprogramming, differentiation, and secretome activity of stem cells-an ultimate goal for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Paula P. Menezes
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - N. Ashwanikumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ting Zou
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Luiz E. Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Shinde P, Mohan L, Kumar A, Dey K, Maddi A, Patananan AN, Tseng FG, Chang HY, Nagai M, Santra TS. Current Trends of Microfluidic Single-Cell Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3143. [PMID: 30322072 PMCID: PMC6213733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of human disease mechanisms is difficult due to the heterogeneity in gene expression and the physiological state of cells in a given population. In comparison to bulk cell measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. In recent years, single-cell technologies have become increasingly robust and accessible, although limitations exist. In this review, we describe the recent advances in single-cell technologies and their applications in single-cell manipulation, diagnosis, and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Loganathan Mohan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Amogh Kumar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Koyel Dey
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Anjali Maddi
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Alexander N Patananan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
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The Antibiotic-free pFAR4 Vector Paired with the Sleeping Beauty Transposon System Mediates Efficient Transgene Delivery in Human Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 11:57-67. [PMID: 29858090 PMCID: PMC5852330 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The anti-angiogenic and neurogenic pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) demonstrated a potency to control choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. The goal of the present study was the development of an efficient and safe technique to integrate, ex vivo, the PEDF gene into retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells for later transplantation to the subretinal space of AMD patients to allow continuous PEDF secretion in the vicinity of the affected macula. Because successful gene therapy approaches require efficient gene delivery and stable gene expression, we used the antibiotic-free pFAR4 mini-plasmid vector to deliver the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon system, which mediates transgene integration into the genome of host cells. In an initial study, lipofection-mediated co-transfection of HeLa cells with the SB100X transposase gene and a reporter marker delivered by pFAR4 showed a 2-fold higher level of genetically modified cells than when using the pT2 vectors. Similarly, with the pFAR4 constructs, electroporation-mediated transfection of primary human RPE cells led to 2.4-fold higher secretion of recombinant PEDF protein, which was still maintained 8 months after transfection. Thus, our results show that the pFAR4 plasmid is a superior vector for the delivery and integration of transgenes into eukaryotic cells.
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Lukashev AN, Zamyatnin AA. Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy: Current State and Clinical Perspectives. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:700-8. [PMID: 27449616 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is the straightforward approach for the application of recent advances in molecular biology into clinical practice. One of the major obstacles in the development of gene therapy is the delivery of the effector to and into the target cell. Unfortunately, most methods commonly used in laboratory practice are poorly suited for clinical use. Viral vectors are one of the most promising methods for gene therapy delivery. Millions of years of evolution of viruses have resulted in the development of various molecular mechanisms for entry into cells, long-term survival within cells, and activation, inhibition, or modification of the host defense mechanisms at all levels. The relatively simple organization of viruses, small genome size, and evolutionary plasticity allow modifying them to create effective instruments for gene therapy approaches. This review summarizes the latest trends in the development of gene therapy, in particular, various aspects and prospects of the development of clinical products based on viral delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Lukashev
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia.
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