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Hamilton ADK, Sparsoe LV, Skov M, Johnsen N, Chreistensen MH, Corydon TJ, Praetorius H. Increased water intake dilutes protective uromodulin levels in urine and results in increased rates of pyelonephritis in a murine model. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14204. [PMID: 39007512 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM Urinary tract infections (UTIs) rank among the most prevalent infections in humans, carrying substantial implications for public health. Women experiencing recurrent UTIs are often advised to boost their fluid intake to help eliminate bacteria. In this study, we explored the impact of elevated fluid consumption during UTIs using a mouse model of pyelonephritis. METHODS UTI was induced in 8-10 w female BALB/cJ-mice by surgically injecting Escherichia coli (O6:K13:H1) into the bladder whereafter mice were randomized to gel food (GF) or regular chow. Immune response and infection severity were determined 24-h post-infection. In vitro bacterial growth (OD600) was determined in urine from mice or from human volunteers. RESULTS Gel feeding increased urine output (1.40 ± 0.77 μL min-1, p < 0.01) and diluted the urine (668.7 ± 177 mOsmol kg-1, p < 0.0001) compared to controls on regular chow (urine output: 0.34 ± 0.27 μL min-1, osmolality: 1439 ± 473.5 mOsmol kg-1). Mice on GF had a higher risk of pyelonephritis (87.5%) and more severe infections (26.22 ± 9.88 CFU mg-1 tissue) compared to controls (43.75%; 3.87 ± 3.56 CFU mg-1, p < 0.01). Correspondingly, the growth of E. coli was markedly reduced at osmolalities above 1200 mOsmol kg-1 compared to 600 mOsmol kg-1 and GF mice had lower urine levels of uromodulin (13.70 ± 1.89 μg mL-1, p < 0.01) compared to controls (24.65 ± 2.70 μg mL-1). CONCLUSION Increased water intake and urine flow in mice will markedly increase the risk of pyelonephritis. The increased risk may reflect reduced urine uromodulin combined with optimized growth conditions for E. coli. The study does not immediately support the notion that established UTIs can be eliminated by increased water intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura V Sparsoe
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mathias Skov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nanna Johnsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Cao S, Gao S, Ni C, Xu Y, Pang B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Geng Z, Li S, Zhao R, Han B, Cui X, Bao Y. Study on the therapeutic mechanism of HJ granules in a rat model of urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118056. [PMID: 38490287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are globally prevalent infectious diseases, predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of several drug-resistant strains. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has its own advantages in the treatment of UTIs. HJ granules is a herbal formula used for the treatment of UTIs. However, its mechanism of action is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of HJ granules in a rat model of UTI caused by Escherichia coli (E coli) CFT073. MATERIALS AND METHODS SD rats were selected to establish a rat UTI model by injecting UPEC strain CFT073 into the bladder using the transurethral placement method. HJ granules were administered to rats after modelling and the efficacy of HJ granule was investigated by measuring urinary decanalogue, inflammatory factors in bladder tissue and pathological changes in the bladder after 3d of administration. Expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH), NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and activation of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1) were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining in rat bladder tissue. NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1, a cysteine-containing aspartic protein, were expressed and activated. RESULTS The results showed that infection of rats with UPEC resulted in increased pH and erythrocytes in bladder irrigation fluid; increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and SHH and decreased expression of IL-10 in bladder tissue; and significant upregulation of the expression of both SHH and NLRP3 inflammasom and significant activation of NLRP3 inflammasom. HJ granules significantly increased the concentration of IL-10 in the bladder, inhibited the expression of SHH and NLRP3 inflammasom in bladder tissue, and suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasom, thereby reducing inflammatory lesions in bladder tissue. CONCLUSION HJ granules may improve bladder injury and treat UTIs by inhibiting the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuangrong Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chen Ni
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yingli Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jingsheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shurang Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ronghua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Han
- Heilongjiang Jiren Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yanyan Bao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Pérez Vázquez K, Tau J, Leal Denis MF, Fader CM, Ostuni MA, Schwarzbaum PJ, Herlax V. Alpha hemolysin of Escherichia coli induces a necrotic-like procoagulant state in platelets. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00137-8. [PMID: 38857695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Uropathogenic strains of E. coli (UPEC) is a leading cause of sepsis, deploying multiple virulence factors to evade host immune responses. Notably, alpha-hemolysin (HlyA) produced by UPEC is implicated in septic symptoms associated with bacteremia, correlating with thrombocytopenia, a critical indicator of organ dysfunction and a predictor of poorer patient prognosis. This study meticulously explores the impact of sublytic concentrations of HlyA on platelets. Findings reveal that HlyA triggers an increase in intracellular calcium, activating calpain and exposing phosphatidylserine to the cell surface, as validated by flow cytometric experiments. Electron microscopy reveals a distinctive balloon-like shape in HlyA-treated platelets, indicative of a procoagulant state. The toxin induces the release of procoagulant extracellular vesicles and the secretion of alpha and dense granules. Overall, the results point to HlyA inducing a necrotic-like procoagulant state in platelets. The effects of sublytic concentrations of HlyA on both erythrocytes and platelets could have a potential impact on capillary microcirculation. Targeting HlyA emerges as a viable therapeutic strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of UPEC infections, especially in South American countries where these infections are endemic, underscoring its significance as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Pérez Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT- La Plata, CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julia Tau
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT- La Plata, CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Florencia Leal Denis
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio M Fader
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología, (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariano A Ostuni
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pablo J Schwarzbaum
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Herlax
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT- La Plata, CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
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Sroithongkham P, Nittayasut N, Yindee J, Nimsamer P, Payungporn S, Pinpimai K, Ponglowhapan S, Chanchaithong P. Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli causing canine pyometra and urinary tract infections are genetically related but distinct from those causing prostatic abscesses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11848. [PMID: 38782931 PMCID: PMC11116460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive characterisation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), the genetic background of non-urinary extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) in companion animals remains inadequately understood. In this study, we characterised virulence traits of 104 E. coli isolated from canine pyometra (n = 61) and prostatic abscesses (PAs) (n = 38), and bloodstream infections (BSIs) in dogs (n = 2), and cats (n = 3). A stronger association with UPEC of pyometra strains in comparison to PA strains was revealed. Notably, 44 isolates exhibited resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolones, 15 were extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producers. Twelve multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, isolated from pyometra (n = 4), PAs (n = 5), and BSIs (n = 3), along with 7 previously characterised UPEC strains from dogs and cats, were sequenced. Genomic characteristics revealed that MDR E. coli associated with UTIs, pyometra, and BSIs belonged to international high-risk E. coli clones, including sequence type (ST) 38, ST131, ST617, ST648, and ST1193. However, PA strains belonged to distinct lineages, including ST12, ST44, ST457, ST744, and ST13037. The coreSNPs, cgMLST, and pan-genome illustrated intra-clonal variations within the same ST from different sources. The high-risk ST131 and ST1193 (phylogroup B2) contained high numbers of ExPEC virulence genes on pathogenicity islands, predominating in pyometra and UTI. Hybrid MDR/virulence IncF multi-replicon plasmids, containing aerobactin genes, were commonly found in non-B2 phylogroups from all sources. These findings offer genomic insights into non-urinary ExPEC, highlighting its potential for invasive infections in pets beyond UTIs, particularly with regards to high-risk global clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinya Sroithongkham
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Naiyaphat Nittayasut
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jitrapa Yindee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Nimsamer
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Komkiew Pinpimai
- Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattrarat Chanchaithong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Zigangirova NA, Lubenec NL, Beloborodov VB, Sheremet AB, Nelyubina SA, Bondareva NE, Zakharov KA, Luyksaar SI, Zolotov SA, Levchenko EU, Luyksaar SV, Koroleva EA, Fedina ED, Simakova YV, Pushkar DY, Gintzburg AL. A New "Non-Traditional" Antibacterial Drug Fluorothiazinone-Clinical Research in Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:476. [PMID: 38927143 PMCID: PMC11200362 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to combat resistance, it is necessary to develop antimicrobial agents that act differently from conventional antibiotics. Fluorothiazinone, 300 mg tablet (The Gamaleya National Research Center), is an original antibacterial drug based on a new small molecule T3SS and flagellum inhibitor. A total of 357 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) were divided into two groups and given Fluorothiazinone 1200 mg/day or a placebo for 7 days to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the drug. Additionally, all patients were given Cefepime 2000 mg/day. Fluorothiazinone with Cefepime showed superiority over placebo/Cefepime based on the assessment of the proportion of patients with an overall outcome in the form of a cure after 21 days post-therapy (primary outcome), overall outcome in cure rates, clinical cure rates, and microbiological efficacy at the end of therapy and after 21 days post-therapy (secondary outcomes). In patients who received Fluorothiazinone, the rate of infection recurrences 53 and 83 days after the end of the therapy was lower by 18.9%, compared with patients who received placebo. Fluorothiazinone demonstrated a favorable safety profile with no serious unexpected adverse events reported. The results showed superiority of the therapy with Fluorothiazinone in combination with Cefepime compared with placebo/Cefepime in patients with cUTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailya A. Zigangirova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda L. Lubenec
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir B. Beloborodov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna B. Sheremet
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislava A. Nelyubina
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliia E. Bondareva
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergey I. Luyksaar
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Zolotov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia U. Levchenko
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Luyksaar
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Koroleva
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena D. Fedina
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana V. Simakova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu. Pushkar
- Department of Urology Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Dolgorukovskaya St., 127006 Moscow, Russia
- S. P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, 5/20 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintzburg
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Virology, First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Professional Education, 18 Gamaleya St., 123098 Moscow, Russia
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Pourmoshtagh H, Halaji M, Ranjbar S, Ranjbar R. Molecular characterization of ESBL-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates among kidney transplant patients: Emergence and spread of B2-ST131 clone type. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27339. [PMID: 38510019 PMCID: PMC10951548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the distribution of virulence determinants in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates obtained from kidney transplant (KTP) and non-transplant patients (non-KTP) with urinary tract infections (UTI). Additionally, the (GTG)5 fingerprinting technique was used to investigate the genetic diversity of Extended-Spectrum B-Lactamase (ESBL)-positive isolates. In this case-control study, 111 urine isolates were obtained from non-KTPs and KTPs, respectively. The presence of genetic markers encoding adhesion proteins, toxins and major E. coli phylogroups was assessed through PCR amplification. Molecular typing of ESBL-positive UPEC strains was performed using (GTG)5 fingerprinting and Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) techniques. Overall, 65 and 46 UPEC isolates were obtained from non-KTPs and KTPs, respectively. Among the studied isolates, traT (85.6%) gene was the most frequently observed virulence gene, followed by kpsMT (49.5%). Using the 80% cut-off point, all the 35 UPEC isolates were classified into four major clusters, namely A, B, C, and D. The majority of the Sequence Type (ST) 131 isolates belonged to cluster A. Additionally, three ST1193 isolates belonged to cluster A and phylogroup B2. Moreover, ST38, ST131 and ST10 were in different cluster. In general, we observed significant differences in the papA, ompT, sat, and vat genes between KTPs and non-KTPs. Furthermore, since all the isolates carried one or more virulence factors (VFs), these findings are concerning in the context of managing UTIs caused by the UPEC strain. Additionally, the distribution of ST and Clonal Complex (CC) among isolates in the main clusters revealed significant differences between MLST and (GTG)5 fingerprinting analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Pourmoshtagh
- Department of Pediatrics, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sina Ranjbar
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr‐e‐Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kubiak-Szeligowska AB, Majchrzak M, Parniewski P. TRS-PCR profiles correlate with polymorphisms of the genomic o454-nlpD region, virulence factors repertoire, and phylogenetic groups among uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients from Lodz region, Poland. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:11. [PMID: 38395935 PMCID: PMC10885528 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal urinary tract infections are mainly caused by uropathogenic strains of E. coli. UPECs are a heterogeneous group of strains possessing various genes associated with virulence traits. It was demonstrated that changes in the composition of the o454-nlpD region and genetic variation in the mutS-rpoS chromosomal region in ExPEC strains are correlated with their virulence, particularly in those with the pattern III o454-nlpD region and belonging to phylogenetic group B2. In this study, we investigated the presence and distribution of the o454-nlpD genomic polymorphism in our collection of 124 uropathogenic E. coli strains, examining the correlation of o454-nlpD region types with the virulence factors studied. Our findings revealed a positive association between certain virulence factors in UPEC strains and the presence of pattern III in the o454-nlpD region. Additionally, all these strains were classified under phylogenetic group B2. We also showed that the highly pathogenic group of E. coli identified by examining the polymorphism of the o454-nlpD region coincides with the highly pathogenic group of uropathogens we identified in the averaged TRS-PCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Majchrzak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Pawel Parniewski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232, Lodz, Poland.
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Chen C, Li J, Wang J, Zhang M, Zhang L, Lin Z. Oxybutynin ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory response in human bladder epithelial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23584. [PMID: 38009396 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) mainly results from bacterial infections in the urinary tract and markedly impacts the normal lives of millions of patients worldwide. The infection and damage to urethral epithelial cells is the first and key step of UTI development and is a critical target for treating clinical UTI. Oxybutynin, an agent for treating urinary incontinence, is recently claimed with protective effects on bladder ultrastructure. Our study will assess the impact of Oxybutynin on inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bladder epithelial cells. Bladder epithelial T24 cells were treated with 1 μg/mL LPS with or without 10 and 20 μM Oxybutynin for 24 h. Increased levels of oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers, such as reactive oxygen species, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, as well as upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase and promoted release of nitric oxide, were observed in LPS-managed T24 cells, all of which were signally suppressed by Oxybutynin. Furthermore, severe inflammatory responses, including enhanced release of cytokines, upregulated matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, and raised monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 level, were found in LPS-challenged T24 cells, which were markedly reversed by Oxybutynin. Moreover, the activated toll-1ike receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway observed in LPS-managed T24 cells was repressed by Oxybutynin. Collectively, Oxybutynin mitigated LPS-induced inflammatory response in human bladder epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
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Letarov AV. Bacterial Virus Forcing of Bacterial O-Antigen Shields: Lessons from Coliphages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17390. [PMID: 38139217 PMCID: PMC10743462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In most Gram-negative bacteria, outer membrane (OM) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules carry long polysaccharide chains known as the O antigens or O polysaccharides (OPS). The OPS structure varies highly from strain to strain, with more than 188 O serotypes described in E. coli. Although many bacteriophages recognize OPS as their primary receptors, these molecules can also screen OM proteins and other OM surface receptors from direct interaction with phage receptor-binding proteins (RBP). In this review, I analyze the body of evidence indicating that most of the E. coli OPS types robustly shield cells completely, preventing phage access to the OM surface. This shield not only blocks virulent phages but also restricts the acquisition of prophages. The available data suggest that OPS-mediated OM shielding is not merely one of many mechanisms of bacterial resistance to phages. Rather, it is an omnipresent factor significantly affecting the ecology, phage-host co-evolution and other related processes in E. coli and probably in many other species of Gram-negative bacteria. The phages, in turn, evolved multiple mechanisms to break through the OPS layer. These mechanisms rely on the phage RBPs recognizing the OPS or on using alternative receptors exposed above the OPS layer. The data allow one to forward the interpretation that, regardless of the type of receptors used, primary receptor recognition is always followed by the generation of a mechanical force driving the phage tail through the OPS layer. This force may be created by molecular motors of enzymatically active tail spikes or by virion structural re-arrangements at the moment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Letarov
- Winogradsky Institute of Micrbiology, Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology RAS, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7 bld. 2, Moscow 117312, Russia
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Hernández-Chiñas U, Ahumada-Cota RE, Navarro-Ocaña A, Chávez-Berrocal ME, Molina-López J, Rocha-Ramírez LM, Navarro-Cid del Prado A, Eslava CA. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Escherichia coli strains isolated during a longitudinal follow-up study of chronic urinary tract infections. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1240392. [PMID: 38074750 PMCID: PMC10702777 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1240392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are an important health problem with many cases reported annually, women being the most affected. UTIs are relevant because they can become a recurrent condition, associated with different factors that contribute to the chronicity of the disease (cUTI). cUTI can be classified as persistent (peUTI) when the causative agent is the same each time the infection occurs or as reinfection (reUTI) when the associated microorganism is different. The purpose of this work was to characterize Escherichia coli isolates obtained in two prospective studies of patients with cUTI, to define which of them corresponded to peUTI and which to reUTI. A total of 394 isolates of E. coli were analyzed by agglutination with specific sera, antimicrobial susceptibility by diffusion disc test, and the phylogroups and presence of genes associated with virulence by PCR assays. Additionally, in some characterized strains adherence, invasiveness, and biofilm formation were analyzed by in vitro assays. The results showed that the peUTI strains belonged mainly to the classical UPEC serogroups (O25, O75, O6), were included in the B2 phylogroup, carried a great number of virulence genes, and were adherent, invasive, and biofilm-forming. Meanwhile, reUTI strains showed great diversity of serogroups, belonged mainly in the A phylogroup, and carried fewer virulence genes. Both peUTI and reUTI strains showed extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles in the antimicrobial susceptibility test. In conclusion, it appears that peUTIs are caused principally by classical UPEC strains, while reUTIs are caused by strains that appear to be a part of the common E. coli intestinal biota. Moreover, although both peUTI and reUTI strains presented different serotypes and phylogroups, their antimicrobial resistance profile (XDR and MDR) was similar, confirming the importance of regulating prophylactic treatments and seeking alternatives for the treatment and control of cUTI. Finally, it was possible to establish the features of the E. coli strains responsible for peUTI and reUTI which could be helpful to develop a fast diagnostic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Hernández-Chiñas
- Research Division, Public Health Department, Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo E. Ahumada-Cota
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Navarro-Ocaña
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E. Chávez-Berrocal
- Research Division, Public Health Department, Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Molina-López
- Research Division, Public Health Department, Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz M. Rocha-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos A. Eslava
- Research Division, Public Health Department, Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Vautrin N, Dahyot S, Leoz M, Caron F, Grand M, Feldmann A, Gravey F, Legris S, Ribet D, Alexandre K, Pestel-Caron M. Are Escherichia coli causing recurrent cystitis just ordinary Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains? BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566351. [PMID: 37986820 PMCID: PMC10659292 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Specific determinants associated with Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causing recurrent cystitis are still poorly characterized. The aims of this study were (i) to describe genomic and phenotypic traits associated with recurrence using a large collection of recurrent and paired sporadic UPEC isolates, and (ii) to explore within-host genomic adaptation associated with recurrence using series of 2 to 5 sequential UPEC isolates. Whole genome comparative analyses between 24 recurrent cystitis isolates (RCIs) and 24 phylogenetically paired sporadic cystitis isolates (SCIs) suggested a lower prevalence of putative mobile genetic elements (MGE) in RCIs, such as plasmids and prophages. The intra-patient evolution of the 24 RCI series over time was characterized by SNP occurrence in genes involved in metabolism or membrane transport, and by plasmid loss in 5 out of the 24 RCI series. Genomic evolution occurred early in the course of recurrence, suggesting rapid adaptation to strong selection pressure in the urinary tract. However, RCIs did not exhibit specific virulence factor determinants and could not be distinguished from SCIs by their fitness, biofilm formation, or ability to invade HTB-9 bladder epithelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest a rapid but not convergent adaptation of RCIs that involves both strain- and host-specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vautrin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sandrine Dahyot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, department of microbiology, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie Leoz
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - François Caron
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, department of infectious diseases, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Maxime Grand
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Audrey Feldmann
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - François Gravey
- Université de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Stéphanie Legris
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Ribet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Kévin Alexandre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, department of infectious diseases, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, department of microbiology, F-76000 Rouen, France
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12
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Silva E, Teixeira JA, Pereira MO, Rocha CMR, Sousa AM. Evolving biofilm inhibition and eradication in clinical settings through plant-based antibiofilm agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154973. [PMID: 37499434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After almost 100 years since evidence of biofilm mode of growth and decades of intensive investigation about their formation, regulatory pathways and mechanisms of antimicrobial tolerance, nowadays there are still no therapeutic solutions to eradicate bacterial biofilms and their biomedical related issues. PURPOSE This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent and most relevant published studies on plant-based products, or their isolated compounds with antibiofilm activity mechanisms of action or identified molecular targets against bacterial biofilms. The objective is to offer a new perspective of most recent data for clinical researchers aiming to prevent or eliminate biofilm-associated infections caused by bacterial pathogens. METHODS The search was performed considering original research articles published on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from 2015 to April 2023, using keywords such as "antibiofilm", "antivirulence", "phytochemicals" and "plant extracts". RESULTS Over 180 articles were considered for this review with a focus on the priority human pathogens listed by World Health Organization, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Inhibition and detachment or dismantling of biofilms formed by these pathogens were found using plant-based extract/products or derivative compounds. Although combination of plant-based products and antibiotics were recorded and discussed, this topic is currently poorly explored and only for a reduced number of bacterial species. CONCLUSIONS This review clearly demonstrates that plant-based products or derivative compounds may be a promising therapeutic strategy to eliminate bacterial biofilms and their associated infections. After thoroughly reviewing the vast amount of research carried out over years, it was concluded that plant-based products are mostly able to prevent biofilm formation through inhibition of quorum sensing signals, but also to disrupt mature biofilms developed by multidrug resistant bacteria targeting the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds seemed the most effective against bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olivia Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina M R Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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13
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Tukia E, Hallman I, Penttilä M, Hänninen S, Kareskoski M. RNA in situ hybridization of Escherichia coli in equine endometrial biopsies. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1186051. [PMID: 37360403 PMCID: PMC10288147 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1186051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is one of the major causes of infertility in mares. Escherichia coli and β-haemolytic streptococci are among the bacterial species most frequently isolated from the equine uterus. Some bacteria such as β-hemolytic streptococci, can persist in dormant forms and cause prolonged, latent or recurrent infections. Dormant bacteria may be present despite negative bacterial cultures, and they are resistant to antimicrobial treatment due to their resting metabolic state. The purpose of this study was to study formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded equine endometrial biopsies for the presence and localization of E. coli-bacteria, with a chromogenic RNAscope®-method for detection of E. coli-related 16S ribosomal RNA. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained endometrial biopsies were evaluated to determine the level of inflammation and degeneration. During estrus, samples were taken for endometrial culture and cytology with a double-guarded uterine swab. The samples included eight samples with moderate to severe endometrial inflammation detected in endometrial histopathology, and growth of E. coli in bacterial culture, six samples with moderate to severe endometrial inflammation but negative bacterial culture, and five samples with no endometrial pathology (grade I endometrial biopsy, negative endometrial culture and cytology) serving as controls. Positive and negative control probes were included in the RNA in situ hybridization, and results were confirmed with a fluorescence detection method (fluorescence in situ hybridization). Only unspecific signals of limited size and frequency of occurrence were detected in all samples, with random localization in the endometrium. No samples contained rod-shaped signals corresponding to bacterial findings. In conclusion, there was no evidence of bacterial invasion in the endometrium regardless of the inflammatory status of the biopsy or previous bacterial culture results. According to these findings on a small number of samples, invasion of E. coli is not a common finding in the lamina propria of mares, but these bacteria may also evade detection due to localized foci of infections, or supra-epithelial localization under the cover of biofilm. These bacteria and biofilm covering the epithelium may also be lost during formalin-fixation and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Tukia
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saarentaus, Saarbrücken, Finland
| | - Isa Hallman
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saarentaus, Saarbrücken, Finland
| | - Maarit Penttilä
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saarentaus, Saarbrücken, Finland
| | - Satu Hänninen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Kareskoski
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saarentaus, Saarbrücken, Finland
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14
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Dong A, Liu C, Hua X, Yu Y, Guo Y, Wang D, Liu X, Chen H, Wang H, Zhu L. Bioinformatic analysis of structures and encoding genes of Escherichia coli surface polysaccharides sheds light on the heterologous biosynthesis of glycans. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:168. [PMID: 37016299 PMCID: PMC10072801 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface polysaccharides (SPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (O antigen) and capsular polysaccharide (K antigen), play a key role in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Gene cluster for polysaccharide antigen biosynthesis encodes various glycosyltransferases (GTs), which drive the process of SP synthesis and determine the serotype. RESULTS In this study, a total of 7,741 E. coli genomic sequences were chosen for systemic data mining. The monosaccharides in both O and K antigens were dominated by D-hexopyranose, and the SPs in 70-80% of the strains consisted of only the five most common hexoses (or some of them). The linkages between the two monosaccharides were mostly α-1,3 (23.15%) and β-1,3 (20.49%) bonds. Uridine diphosphate activated more than 50% of monosaccharides for glycosyltransferase reactions. These results suggest that the most common pathways could be integrated into chassis cells to promote glycan biosynthesis. We constructed a database (EcoSP, http://ecosp.dmicrobe.cn/ ) for browse this information, such as monosaccharide synthesis pathways. It can also be used for serotype analysis and GT annotation of known or novel E. coli sequences, thus facilitating the diagnosis and typing. CONCLUSIONS Summarizing and analyzing the properties of these polysaccharide antigens and GTs are of great significance for designing glycan-based vaccines and the synthetic glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Digital-Micro Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiankai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Hangzhou Digital-Micro Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Li R, Xu H, Tang H, Shen J, Xu Y. The Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs)-Producing Escherichia coli in Bloodstream Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2043-2060. [PMID: 37056484 PMCID: PMC10086224 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s400170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a common type of infection frequently diagnosed in clinics. The emergence and spread of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) has emerged as one of the biggest challenges in global community health. Methods The production of ESBLs was determined by the composite disk diffusion method. The expression of the various resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR and sequencing. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic groups were used for the classification. The transfer of resistant plasmids was determined by conjugation assay. The statistical differences were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 23.0. Results A total of 60 strains of ESBLs-producing E. coli were collected. The resistance genes that were identified included bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV, bla OXA-1 and mcr-1. The most common one was the bla CTX-M including bla CTX-M-27 (n = 16), bla CTX-M-14 (n = 15), bla CTX-M-15 (n = 11), bla CTX-M-55 (n = 14) and bla CTX-M-65 (n = 5). A total of 31 STs were detected, and the most abundant among which was ST131 (n = 16, 26.7%). Most of the E. coli (n = 46, 76.7%) belonged to the groups B2 and D. And some virulence genes were related to the classification of the E. coli. Among them, the detection rates of hek/hra, kpsMII and papGII-III in groups B2 and D were higher than those in groups A and B1. The detection rates of cnf1, iucC and papGII-III in ST131 were higher than those in non-ST131. And the distributions of hek/hra, iroN, iucC, kpsMII and papGII-III were related to the bla CTX-M subtypes. Finally, most bacterial (n = 32, 53.3%) resistance genes could be transferred between the bacteria by plasmids, especially IncFIB. Conclusion ESBLs-producing E. coli in BSI exhibited had high resistance rates and carried a variety of virulence factors (VFs). This is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of ESBLs-producing isolates in the medical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaming Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilu Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuanhong Xu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13505694447, Email
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16
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Koroleva EA, Soloveva AV, Morgunova EY, Kapotina LN, Luyksaar SI, Luyksaar SV, Bondareva NE, Nelubina SA, Lubenec NL, Zigangirova NA, Gintsburg AL. Fluorothiazinon inhibits the virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli involved in the development of urinary tract infection. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:279-290. [PMID: 36922636 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common pathogenic bacterium associated with urinary tract infection. Due to the development of antibiotic resistance and MDR, UPEC infection has become a serious problem in the last decade. In order to combat resistance, it is necessary to develop innovative antimicrobial agents that act by different mechanisms than conventional antibiotics. Among the new therapeutic strategies, suppression of pathogen virulence has become a promising alternative, since it fundamentally reduces selective pressure and the development of resistance. In our study, we showed that the compound Fluorothiazinon suppressed UPEC's ability to form biofilms and to move using the flagellum, as well as to penetrate into cells. Prophylactic use with subsequent treatment of FT in rodent models led to an improvement in survival and significantly reduced the bacterial load in the organs of the urinary system, thereby inhibiting the development of ascending infection and preventing the development of pathological changes in prostate tissues. These results suggest that FT affects several UPEC virulence factors at once and if similar results can be found in clinical trials it can potentially be used as a new drug against UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Koroleva
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia.
| | - A V Soloveva
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - E Y Morgunova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - L N Kapotina
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - S I Luyksaar
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - S V Luyksaar
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - N E Bondareva
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - S A Nelubina
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - N L Lubenec
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - N A Zigangirova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A L Gintsburg
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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17
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Santos ACM, Santos-Neto JF, Trovão LO, Romano RFT, Silva RM, Gomes TAT. Characterization of unconventional pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from bloodstream infection: virulence beyond the opportunism. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:15-28. [PMID: 36480121 PMCID: PMC9943985 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infection worldwide and a critical bloodstream infection agent. There are more than 50 virulence factors (VFs) related to ExPEC pathogenesis; however, many strains isolated from extraintestinal infections are devoid of these factors. Since opportunistic infections may occur in immunocompromised patients, E. coli strains that lack recognized VFs are considered opportunist, and their virulence potential is neglected. We assessed eleven E. coli strains isolated from bloodstream infections and devoid of the most common ExPEC VFs to understand their pathogenic potential. The strains were evaluated according to their capacity to interact in vitro with human eukaryotic cell lineages (Caco-2, T24, HEK293T, and A549 cells), produce type 1 fimbriae and biofilm in diverse media, resist to human sera, and be lethal to Galleria mellonella. One strain displaying all phenotypic traits was sequenced and evaluated. Ten strains adhered to Caco-2 (colon), eight to T24 (bladder), five to HEK-293 T (kidney), and four to A549 (lung) cells. Eight strains produced type 1 fimbriae, ten adhered to abiotic surfaces, nine were serum resistant, and seven were virulent in the G. mellonella model. Six of the eleven E. coli strains displayed traits compatible with pathogens, five of which were isolated from an immune-competent host. The genome of the EC175 strain, isolated from a patient with urosepsis, reveals that the strain belonged to ST504-A, and serotype O11:H11; harbors thirteen VFs genes, including genes encoding UpaG and yersiniabactin as the only ExPEC VFs identified. Together, our results suggest that the ExPEC pathotype includes pathogens from phylogroups A and B1, which harbor VFs that remain to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina M Santos
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício Prof. Dr. Antônio C. Mattos Paiva, 3º Andar. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - José F Santos-Neto
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício Prof. Dr. Antônio C. Mattos Paiva, 3º Andar. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Liana O Trovão
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício Prof. Dr. Antônio C. Mattos Paiva, 3º Andar. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F T Romano
- Laboratório de Patogênese de Enterobacterales, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Por Imagem, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Silva
- Laboratório de Patogênese de Enterobacterales, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia A T Gomes
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício Prof. Dr. Antônio C. Mattos Paiva, 3º Andar. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
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18
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Tian Z, Khan AI, Rehman AU, Deng T, Ma C, Wang L. Virulence factors and mechanisms of paediatric pneumonia caused by Enterococcus faecalis. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:2. [PMID: 36624474 PMCID: PMC9830894 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Paediatric pneumonia is a respiratory infection that affects infants and young children under the age of 3. This disease is the leading cause of infant and child mortality in developing countries because of the weak immune system of young children. The difficulty and length of time required to identify the pathogen and causative agent are the main reasons for this high mortality rate. In addition, the identification of certain causative agents is particularly important for the treatment of paediatric pneumonia. In this study, we explored the possible mechanisms by which pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis induced pneumonia in vivo. The potential virulence factors of bacteria isolated from the intestines of paediatric pneumonia patients were determined. Taken together, the results suggested that lysophosphatidic acid (LTA) from pathogenic E. faecalis decreases the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), which in turn disrupts the function of intestinal tight junctions (Occ and Ccldn1), leading to the entry of LE-LTA into the bloodstream because of the disruption of the intestinal barrier. Although LTA can enter circulation, it cannot directly infiltrate the lungs, which indicates that lung inflammation in mice is not caused by the direct entry of LE-LTA into the lungs. We further found that LTA activates immune cells, such as CD8 + T cells and type 2 innate lymphocytes, in vivo. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 can produce large amounts of inflammatory factors and thus promote the development of pneumonia. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the LTA of pathogenic E. faecalis in the intestine is a virulence factor that can cause paediatric pneumonia. This study found that intestinal bacterial virulence factors can induce immune responses in the lungs and blood. These findings could provide further insight into the mechanism of infectious diseases in the lung that are caused by bacteria in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Tian
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Asif Iqbal Khan
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ata Ur Rehman
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Deng
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Ma
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Wang
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Centre, Stem Cell Clinical Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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19
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High Virulence and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated in Periodontal Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010045. [PMID: 36677337 PMCID: PMC9863014 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is caused by different gram-negative anaerobic bacteria; however, Escherichia coli has also been isolated from periodontitis and its role in periodontitis is less known. This study aimed to determine the variability in virulence genotype, antibiotic resistance phenotype, biofilm formation, phylogroups, and serotypes in different emerging periodontal strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from patients with periodontal disease and healthy controls. E. coli, virulence genes, and phylogroups, were identified by PCR, antibiotic susceptibility by the Kirby-Bauer method, biofilm formation was quantified using polystyrene microtiter plates, and serotypes were determined by serotyping. Although E. coli was not detected in the controls (n = 70), it was isolated in 14.7% (100/678) of the patients. Most of the strains (n = 81/100) were multidrug-resistance. The most frequent adhesion genes among the strains were fimH and iha, toxin genes were usp and hlyA, iron-acquisition genes were fyuA and irp2, and protectin genes were ompT, and KpsMT. Phylogroup B2 and serotype O25:H4 were the most predominant among the strains. These findings suggest that E. coli may be involved in periodontal disease due to its high virulence, multidrug-resistance, and a wide distribution of phylogroups and serotypes.
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20
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Mariotti A, Ezzraimi AE, Camoin-Jau L. Effect of antiplatelet agents on Escherichia coli sepsis mechanisms: A review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043334. [PMID: 36569083 PMCID: PMC9780297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite ever-increasing improvements in the prognosis of sepsis, this condition remains a frequent cause of hospitalization and mortality in Western countries. Sepsis exposes the patient to multiple complications, including thrombotic complications, due to the ability of circulating bacteria to activate platelets. One of the bacteria most frequently implicated in sepsis, Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacillus, has been described as being capable of inducing platelet activation during sepsis. However, to date, the mechanisms involved in this activation have not been clearly established, due to their multiple characteristics. Many signaling pathways are thought to be involved. At the same time, reports on the use of antiplatelet agents in sepsis to reduce platelet activation have been published, with variable results. To date, their use in sepsis remains controversial. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently available knowledge on the mechanisms of platelet activation secondary to Escherichia coli sepsis, as well as to provide an update on the effects of antiplatelet agents in these pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Mariotti
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Haematology Laboratory, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Amina Ezzeroug Ezzraimi
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Haematology Laboratory, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France,*Correspondence: Laurence Camoin-Jau,
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21
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Schüroff PA, Abe CM, Silva JW, de Paula Coelho C, Andrade FB, Hernandes RT, Dobrindt U, Gomes TAT, Elias WP. Role of aggregate-forming pilus (AFP) in adherence and colonization of both intestinal and urinary tracts. Virulence 2022; 13:1423-1433. [PMID: 35982607 PMCID: PMC9397481 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2112818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid-pathogenic Escherichia coli represent an important group of strains associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections. Recently, we described strain UPEC-46, a uropathogenic/enteroaggregative E. coli (UPEC/EAEC) strain presenting the aggregative adherence (AA) pattern on bladder and colorectal epithelial cells mediated by aggregate-forming pili (AFP). However, the role of AFP and other uninvestigated putative fimbriae operons in UPEC-46 pathogenesis remains unclear. Thus, this study evaluated the involvement of AFP and other adhesins in uropathogenicity and intestinal colonization using different in vitro and in vivo models. The strain UPEC-46 was able to adhere and invade intestinal and urinary cell lines. A library of transposon mutants also identified the involvement of type I fimbriae (TIF) in the adherence to HeLa cells, in addition to colorectal and bladder cell lines. The streptomycin-treated mouse in vivo model also showed an increased number of bacterial counts in the colon in the presence of AFP and TIF. In the mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection (UTI), AFP was more associated with kidney colonization, while TIF appears to mediate bladder colonization. Results observed in in vivo experiments were also confirmed by electron microscopy (EM) analyses. In summary, the in vitro and in vivo analyses show a synergistic role of AFP and TIF in the adherence and colonization of intestinal and urinary epithelia. Therefore, we propose that hybrid E. coli strains carrying AFP and TIF could potentially cause intestinal and urinary tract infections in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A Schüroff
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cecilia M Abe
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatas W Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cidéli de Paula Coelho
- Departamento de Pós-graduação, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tânia A T Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldir P Elias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Yao R, Mao X, Xu Y, Qiu X, Zhou L, Wang Y, Pang B, Chen M, Cao S, Bao L, Bao Y, Guo S, Hu L, Zhang H, Cui X. Polysaccharides from Vaccaria segetalis seeds reduce urinary tract infections by inhibiting the adhesion and invasion abilities of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1004751. [PMID: 36506014 PMCID: PMC9727262 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1004751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) are from a traditional medicinal plant Garcke, also called Wang-Bu-Liu-Xing in China. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the seeds of V. segetalis can be used for treating urinary system diseases. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of VSP (polysaccharides from Vaccaria segetalis) against urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Here, both in vitro and in vivo infection models were established with the UPEC strain CFT073. Bacterial adhesion and invasion into bladder epithelial cells were analyzed. We found that VSP reduced the adhesion of UPEC to the host by inhibiting the expression of bacterial hair follicle adhesion genes. VSP also reduced the invasion of UPEC by regulating the uroplakins and Toll-like receptors of host epithelial cells. In addition, the swarming motility and flagella-mediated motility genes flhC, flhD and Flic of UPEC were diminished after VSP intervention. Taken together, our findings reveal a possible mechanism by which VSP interferes with the adhesion and invasion of UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Yao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingli Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lirun Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengping Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Bao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China,*Correspondence: Haijiang Zhang, ; Xiaolan Cui,
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Haijiang Zhang, ; Xiaolan Cui,
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23
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Colicins of Escherichia coli Lead to Resistance against the Diarrhea-Causing Pathogen Enterotoxigenic E. coli in Pigs. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0139622. [PMID: 36190425 PMCID: PMC9603048 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01396-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes can affect host adaptation to various environment conditions. Escherichia coli is a common gut species, including pathogenic strains and nonpathogenic strains. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different E. coli strains in the gut on the health of pigs. In this study, the complete genomes of two E. coli strains isolated from pigs were sequenced. The whole genomes of Y18J and the enterotoxigenic E. coli strain W25K were compared to determine their roles in pig adaptation to disease. Y18J was isolated from feces of healthy piglets and showed strong antimicrobial activity against W25K in vitro. Gene knockout experiments and complementation analysis followed by modeling the microbe-microbe interactions demonstrated that the antagonistic mechanism of Y18J against W25K relied on the bacteriocins colicin B and colicin M. Compared to W25K, Y18J is devoid of exotoxin-coding genes and has more secondary-metabolite-biosynthetic gene clusters. W25K carries more genes involved in genome replication, in accordance with a shorter cell cycle observed during a growth experiment. The analysis of gut metagenomes in different pig breeds showed that colicins B and M were enriched in Laiwu pigs, a Chinese local breed, but were scarce in boars and Duroc pigs. IMPORTANCE This study revealed the heterogeneity of E. coli strains from pigs, including two strains studied by both in silico and wet experiments in detail and 14 strains studied by bioinformatics analysis. E. coli Y18J may improve the adaptability of pigs toward disease resistance through the production of colicins B and M. Our findings could shed light on the pathogenic and harmless roles of E. coli in modern animal husbandry, leading to a better understanding of intestinal-microbe-pathogen interactions in the course of evolution.
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24
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Arafa SH, Alshehri WA, Organji SR, Elbanna K, Obaid NA, Aldosari MS, Asiri FH, Ahmad I, Abulreesh HH. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Western Saudi Arabia. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:325-339. [PMID: 36048880 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the prevalence of multidrug-resistant community-associated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their virulence factors in Western Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,000 urine samples were examined for the presence of E. coli by selective plating on MacConkey, CLED, and sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using Vitek® 2 Compact (MIC) and the disc diffusion method with Mueller-Hinton agar. Genes encoding virulence factors (kpsMTII, traT, sat, csgA, vat, and iutA) were detected by PCR. The overall prevalence of UTI-associated E. coli was low, and a higher prevalence was detected in samples of female origin. Many of the isolates exhibited resistance to norfloxacin, and 60% of the isolates showed resistance to ampicillin. No resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem was detected. In general, half of the isolates showed multiple resistance patterns. UPEC exhibited a weak ability to form biofilms, where no correlation was observed between multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All uropathogenic E. coli isolates carried the kpsMTII, iutA, traT, and csgA genes, whereas the low number of the isolates harbored the sat and vat genes. The diversity of virulence factors harbored by community-associated UPEC may render them more virulent and further explain the recurrence/relapse cases among community-associated UITs. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first exploration of virulence, biofilm-forming ability, and its association with multidrug resistance among UPEC isolates in Saudi Arabia. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of community-associated UPEC in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Arafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa A Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer R Organji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Najla A Obaid
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fatimah H Asiri
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Yan K, Liang B, Zhang G, Wang J, Zhu M, Cai Y. Efficacy and safety of plazomicin in the treatment of Enterobacterales infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac429. [PMID: 36092826 PMCID: PMC9454024 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of plazomicin with comparators for the treatment of Enterobacterales infections. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing plazomicin for Enterobacterales infections were searched on the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Meta-analyses were used to evaluate the efficacy and safety in RCTs. Results A total of 3 RCTs consisting of 761 patients were included in the present analysis. The study population included complex urinary tract infections (cUTIs), bloodstream infections (BSIs), and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Plazomicin had a clinical remission rate in the modified intention-to-treat (MITT) population that was similar to that of comparators (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.60–1.73; I2 = 45%) in the pooled analysis of the 3 studies. The overall microbiologic eradication rate in the microbiological MITT (mMITT) population was similar to that of the comparators group (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.72–2.95; I2 = 0%). However, the microbiologic recurrence rate of plazomicin for Enterobacterales was lower than that in the comparators group (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17–0.86; P = .02; I2 = 0%). No significant differences were found between plazomicin and comparators for the risk of any adverse events (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.55–1.11; I2 = 0%). Conclusions Plazomicin is as good as comparators in terms of efficacy and tolerance in the treatment of Enterobacterales infections. Therefore, plazomicin is a suitable choice for antibiotic treatment in adult patients with cUTIs, BSIs, or HAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Yan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA , Beijing 100853 , China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 , China
| | - Beibei Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 , China
| | - Guanxuanzi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 , China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 , China
| | - Man Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 , China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 , China
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26
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Molecular typification of Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Mexico. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106667. [PMID: 36038094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and five uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection were characterized according to their phylogenetic groups, virulence factors, serogroups, antibiotics resistance, and genotype. The pathogenic phylogenetic groups (B2, D, and F) were found in 71.4% of the tested strains. Among them, the main uropathogenic serogroups were O8, O25, and O75, in which 97.1% of the strains had a multidrug-resistant profile. Moreover, 16 virulence genes were analyzed using a combination of PCR assays, with the fimH, irp-2, iutA, aer, iucC, PAI, sat, iroN, usp, and cnf1 genes being mainly found in pathogenic phylogroups. The E. coli O25b-ST131 clone was identified in 32% of the strains assigned to the pathogenic phylogroup B2. Our findings demonstrate that virulence genes encoding adhesin components, iron acquisition systems, toxins, and pathogenicity-associated islands were highly prevalent among the pathogenic phylogroup of UPEC strains.
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27
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Khalifeh OM, Obaidat MM. Urinary tract virulence genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli from dairy cows, beef cattle, and small ruminants. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106611. [PMID: 35850234 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli is an important cause of urinary tract infections in humans. ESBL producers E. coli were reported in food-producing animals, but no previous study reported the virulence potential of these isolates. Thus, this study determined the virulence potential of ESBL producers E. coli isolates from 518 beef feces, 610 dairy cow feces, 305 dairy cow milk, 503 sheep milk and 445 goat milk samples. A total of 278 isolates; specifically, 130 from beef feces, 39 from the cow's feces, 42 from cow's milk, 44 from sheep milk and 23 from goats' milk were isolated and then tested for 14 virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction. After that, the correlation of virulence genes presence among the isolates was determined statistically. Overall, 97% of the isolates carried fimH, 39% carried iroN E. coli and 32% carried papC. The kpsMT K1, cnf1, papAH, papG allele II & III, papG allele II, and kpsMT II were carried by 6 to 23% of the isolates, while less than 6% of the isolates carried papG allele III, papG allele I, Univcnf, iutA and hlyA. About 68.2% of the isolates carried two or more virulence genes and 41.8% carried three or more. Moreover, the isolates had 71 different profiles of virulence genes, where the most common profiles were fimH alone (86 isolate), fimH + iroN E. coli (35 isolate), fimH + papC (20 isolate), and fimH + papC + iroN E. coli (13 isolate). The adhesion, capsule synthesis and toxins secretion genes were significantly associated (p ˂ 0.01) with each other. These results call for awareness about the risk of food animals as reservoirs of ESBL uropathogenic E. coli that would threaten public health and limits the treatment options for urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mohammad Khalifeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad M Obaidat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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28
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Neumann B, Lippmann N, Wendt S, Karlas T, Lübbert C, Werner G, Pfeifer Y, Schuster CF. Recurrent bacteremia with a hypermucoviscous Escherichia coli isolated from a patient with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: insights from a comprehensive genome-based analysis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:28. [PMID: 35751078 PMCID: PMC9233328 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common human pathogen, responsible for a broad spectrum of infections. Sites of infection can vary, but the hepato-biliary system is of particular concern due to the infection-associated formation of gallstones and the spread of pathogens from the bile ducts into the bloodstream. Case presentation The presented case is striking, as the detected isolate showed a positive string test. This hypermucoviscous phenotype is atypical for E. coli and a particular feature of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) variants. Objectives To provide new insights into the genomic background of an E. coli strain with an unusual hypermucoviscous phenotype using hybrid short- and long-read sequencing approaches. Results Complete hybrid assemblies of the E. coli genome and plasmids were done and used for genome based typing. Isolate 537–20 was assigned to the multilocus sequence type ST88 and serotype O8:H4. The strain showed a close relationship to avian pathogenic strains. Analysis of the chromosome and plasmids revealed the presence of several virulence factors, such as the Conserved Virulence Plasmidic (CVP) region on plasmid 537-20_1, including several iron acquisition genes (sitABCD, iroABCDEN, iucABCD, hbd) and the iutA gene encoding the receptor of the siderophore aerobactin. The hypermucoviscous phenotype could be caused by encapsulation of putative K. pneumoniae origin. Conclusions Hybrid sequencing enabled detailed genomic characterization of the hypermucoviscous E. coli strain, revealing virulence factors that have their putative origin in K. pneumoniae. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12941-022-00521-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Neumann
- Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany. .,Institute for Hospital Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Clinical Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, 90419, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Norman Lippmann
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wendt
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Karlas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Lübbert
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Christopher F Schuster
- Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany. .,Current Address: Center for Pandemic Vaccines and Therapeutics (ZEPAI), Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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Sundaramoorthy NS, Shankaran P, Gopalan V, Nagarajan S. New tools to mitigate drug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae - Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Crit Rev Microbiol 2022:1-20. [PMID: 35649163 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2080525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Treatment to common bacterial infections are becoming ineffective of late, owing to the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance globally. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most notorious microorganisms and are among the critical priority pathogens listed by WHO in 2017. These pathogens are the predominant cause of sepsis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia, meningitis and pyogenic liver abscess. Concern arises due to the resistance of bacteria to most of the beta lactam antibiotics like penicillin, cephalosporin, monobactams and carbapenems, even to the last resort antibiotics like colistin. Preventing influx by modulation of porins, extruding the antibiotics by overexpression of efflux pumps, mutations of drug targets/receptors, biofilm formation, altering the drug molecules and rendering them ineffective are few resistance mechanisms that are adapted by Enterobacteriaeceae upon exposure to antibiotics. The situation is exacerbated due to the process of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), wherein the genes encoding resistance mechanisms are transferred to the neighbouring bacteria through plasmids/phages/uptake of free DNA. Carbapenemases, other beta lactamases and mcr genes coding for colistin resistance are widely disseminated leading to limited/no therapeutic options against those infections. Development of new antibiotics can be viewed as a possible solution but it involves major investment, time and labour despite which, the bacteria can easily adapt to the new antibiotic and evolve resistance in a relatively short time. Targeting the resistance mechanisms can be one feasible alternative to tackle these multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Removal of plasmid (plasmid curing) causing resistance, use of bacteriophages and bacteriotherapy can be other potential approaches to combat infections caused by MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The present review discusses the efficacies of these therapies in mitigating these infections, which can be potentially used as an adjuvant therapy along with existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana Sri Sundaramoorthy
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Shankaran
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vidhya Gopalan
- Department of Virology, Kings Institute of Preventative Medicine, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saisubramanian Nagarajan
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ballén V, Cepas V, Ratia C, Gabasa Y, Soto SM. Clinical Escherichia coli: From Biofilm Formation to New Antibiofilm Strategies. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061103. [PMID: 35744621 PMCID: PMC9229135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the species most frequently involved in biofilm-related diseases, being especially important in urinary tract infections, causing relapses or chronic infections. Compared to their planktonic analogues, biofilms confer to the bacteria the capacity to be up to 1000-fold more resistant to antibiotics and to evade the action of the host’s immune system. For this reason, biofilm-related infections are very difficult to treat. To develop new strategies against biofilms, it is important to know the mechanisms involved in their formation. In this review, the different steps of biofilm formation in E. coli, the mechanisms of tolerance to antimicrobials and new compounds and strategies to combat biofilms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ballén
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.B.); (V.C.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
| | - Virginio Cepas
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.B.); (V.C.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
| | - Carlos Ratia
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.B.); (V.C.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yaiza Gabasa
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.B.); (V.C.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
| | - Sara M. Soto
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.B.); (V.C.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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31
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Asare KK, Amoah S, Coomson CA, Banson C, Yaro D, Mbata J, Arthur RA, Mayeem PB, Afrifa J, Bentsi-Enchill F, Opoku YK. Antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial isolates from patients attending the outpatient department of university of Cape Coast hospital, Ghana: A retrospective study between 2013-2015. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000417. [PMID: 36962199 PMCID: PMC10021532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an important urinary tract infection (UTI) that has been associated with both complicated and uncomplicated disease conditions. The global emergence of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) is of public health concern as the resistance limits the current treatment options. The objective of this study was to analyze the antibiotic-resistant patterns among the uropathogenic E. coli isolates at the University of Cape Coast (UCC) hospital between 2013 and 2015 as baseline data to understand the current antibiotic resistance situation within UCC and its environs. A retrospective cross-sectional study of bacteria isolates at UCC hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were analyzed. A standard biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer NCCLs modified disc diffusion technique. The network of interaction between pathogenic isolates and antibiotic resistance was performed using Cytoscape software. Statistical significance was tested using ANOVA and one-sample Wilcoxon test. The overall E. coli prevalence was 15.76% (32/203); females had the highest infection of 17.33% (26/150) compared to male subjects who had 11.32% (6/53) out of all the pathogenic infections. The E. coli prevalence among the age categories were 2/21 (9.52%), 27/154 (17.53%) and 4/21 (19.05%) among ≤20 years, 21-40 years and 41-60 years respectively. The isolated resistant pathogens exhibited different antibiotic resistance patterns. An interaction network of nodes connecting to other nodes indicating positive correlations between the pathogens and antibiotic resistance was established. Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp, Klebsiella spp among other isolated pathogens formed higher centrality in the network of interaction with antibiotic resistance. The individual E. coli isolates showed a significant difference in the mean ± SD (95% CI) pattern of antibiotic resistance, 2.409±1.205 (1.828-2.990), χ2 = 36.68, p<0.0001. In conclusion, the study reports the interaction of E. coli isolates at UCC hospital and its antibiotic-resistant status between 2013 and 2015. This data forms the baseline information for assessing the current antibiotic status in UCC and its environs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Kumi Asare
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Laboratory Unit, University of Cape Coast Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Cornelius Agyeman Coomson
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Cecil Banson
- Laboratory Unit, University of Cape Coast Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Derrick Yaro
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jennifer Mbata
- Dept. of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | | | | | - Justice Afrifa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Felicity Bentsi-Enchill
- Dept. of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Yeboah Kwaku Opoku
- Dept. of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
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32
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Alfuraiji N, Al-Hamami A, Ibrahim M, Rajab HK, Hussain BW. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance amongst pediatric urinary tract infections. J Med Life 2022; 15:650-654. [PMID: 35815089 PMCID: PMC9262263 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) harbors virulence factors responsible for bacterial adhesion and invasion. In addition, the bacterium is accountable for the occurrence of pediatric urinary tract infections globally and is becoming problematic due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The current research investigated UPEC prevalence, virulence characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). 200 urine specimens were taken from hospitalized pediatric patients who suffered from UTIs. E. coli was recovered from urine specimens using the microbial culture. Disc diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial resistance and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the virulence factors distribution amongst the UPEC bacteria. Seventy-five out of 250 (30.00%) urine samples were positive for the UPEC bacteria. The UPEC prevalence amongst pediatric patients was 25.83% and 33.84%, respectively. UPEC bacteria harbored the maximum resistance toward gentamicin (45.33%), ampicillin (44.00%), and ciprofloxacin (40.00%). Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (Cnf1) (53.33%) and pyelonephritis-associated pil (pap) (42.66%) were the most frequently identified virulence factors amongst the UPEC bacteria. The high prevalence of UPEC isolates harboring antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors suggest that diseases caused by them need more expansive healthcare monitoring with essential demand for novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Alfuraiji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Narjes Alfuraiji, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq. E-mail address:
| | - Amal Al-Hamami
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Aliraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maysaa Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Aliraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hassan Khuder Rajab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
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Nascimento JAS, Santos FF, Santos-Neto JF, Trovão LO, Valiatti TB, Pinaffi IC, Vieira MAM, Silva RM, Falsetti IN, Santos ACM, Gomes TAT. Molecular Epidemiology and Presence of Hybrid Pathogenic Escherichia coli among Isolates from Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020302. [PMID: 35208757 PMCID: PMC8874565 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect community and healthcare patients worldwide and may have different clinical outcomes. We assessed the phylogenetic origin, the presence of 43 virulence factors (VFs) of diarrheagenic and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, and the occurrence of hybrid strains among E. coli isolates from 172 outpatients with different types of UTI. Isolates from phylogroup B2 (46%) prevailed, followed by phylogroups A (15.7%) and B1 (12.2%), with similar phylogenetic distribution in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The most frequent VFs according to their functional category were fimA (94.8%), ompA (83.1%), ompT (63.3%), chuA (57.6%), and vat (22%). Using published molecular criteria, 34.3% and 18.0% of the isolates showed intrinsic virulence and uropathogenic potential, respectively. Two strains carried the eae and escV genes and one the aggR gene, which classified them as hybrid strains. These hybrid strains interacted with renal and bladder cells, reinforcing their uropathogenic potential. The frequency of UPEC strains bearing a more pathogenic potential in the outpatients studied was smaller than reported in other regions. Our data contribute to deepening current knowledge about the mechanisms involved in UTI pathogenesis, especially among hybrid UPEC strains, as these could colonize the host’s intestine, leading to intestinal infections followed by UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júllia A. S. Nascimento
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.); (L.O.T.); (M.A.M.V.); (A.C.M.S.)
| | - Fernanda F. Santos
- Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (F.F.S.); (T.B.V.)
| | - José F. Santos-Neto
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.); (L.O.T.); (M.A.M.V.); (A.C.M.S.)
| | - Liana O. Trovão
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.); (L.O.T.); (M.A.M.V.); (A.C.M.S.)
| | - Tiago B. Valiatti
- Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (F.F.S.); (T.B.V.)
| | - Isabel C. Pinaffi
- Laboratório Santa Cruz Medicina Diagnóstica, Mogi Guaçu 13840-052, Brazil; (I.C.P.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Mônica A. M. Vieira
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.); (L.O.T.); (M.A.M.V.); (A.C.M.S.)
| | - Rosa M. Silva
- Laboratório de Enterobactérias, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
| | - Ivan N. Falsetti
- Laboratório Santa Cruz Medicina Diagnóstica, Mogi Guaçu 13840-052, Brazil; (I.C.P.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Ana C. M. Santos
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.); (L.O.T.); (M.A.M.V.); (A.C.M.S.)
| | - Tânia A. T. Gomes
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (J.F.S.-N.); (L.O.T.); (M.A.M.V.); (A.C.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4848
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Elankumaran P, Browning GF, Marenda MS, Reid CJ, Djordjevic SP. Close genetic linkage between human and companion animal extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli ST127. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100106. [PMID: 35128493 PMCID: PMC8803956 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ST127 is an established extra-intestinal pathogen of humans and companion animals with high virulence gene carriage A dominant sub-lineage of ST127 contains closely related human and companion animal sequences that are globally distributed The dominant sub-lineage characteristically contains specific alleles of important virulence-associated and metabolic genes This work supports the global expansion of a dominant sub-lineage of ST127 with extensive transfer occurring between humans and companion animals
Escherichia coli ST127, a recently emerged global pathogen noted for high virulence gene carriage, is a leading cause of urinary tract and blood stream infections. ST127 is frequently isolated from humans and companion animals; however, it is unclear if they are distinct or related populations of ST127. We performed a phylogenomic analysis of 299 E. coli ST127 of diverse epidemiological origin to characterize their population structure, genetic determinants of virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and repertoire of mobile genetic elements with a focus on plasmids. The core gene phylogeny was divided into 13 clusters, the largest of which (BAP4) contained the majority of human and companion animal origin isolates. This dominant cluster displayed genetic differences to the remainder of the phylogeny, most notably alternative gene alleles encoding important virulence factors including lipid A, flagella, and K capsule. Furthermore, numerous close genetic linkages (<30 SNPs) between human and companion animal isolates were observed within the cluster. Carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes in the collection was limited, but virulence gene carriage was extensive. We found evidence of pUTI89-like virulence plasmid carriage in over a third of isolates, localised to four of the major phylogenetic clusters. Our study supports global scale repetitive transfer of E. coli ST127 lineages between humans and companion animals, particularly within the dominant BAP4 cluster.
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Chang SJ, Chen YS, Yang SD, Yang CC. Risk of urinary tract infection symptoms recurrence in women: A prospective observational study. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:69-74. [PMID: 35233359 PMCID: PMC8830550 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_67_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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García V, Grønnemose RB, Torres-Puig S, Kudirkiene E, Piantelli M, Ahmed S, Andersen TE, Møller-Jensen J, Olsen JE, Herrero-Fresno A. Genome-wide analysis of fitness-factors in uropathogenic Escherichia coli during growth in laboratory media and during urinary tract infections. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34928200 PMCID: PMC8767336 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) UTI89 is a well-characterized strain, which has mainly been used to study UPEC virulence during urinary tract infection (UTI). However, little is known on UTI89 key fitness-factors during growth in lab media and during UTI. Here, we used a transposon-insertion-sequencing approach (TraDIS) to reveal the UTI89 essential-genes for in vitro growth and fitness-gene-sets for growth in Luria broth (LB) and EZ-MOPS medium without glucose, as well as for human bacteriuria and mouse cystitis. A total of 293 essential genes for growth were identified and the set of fitness-genes was shown to differ depending on the growth media. A modified, previously validated UTI murine model, with administration of glucose prior to infection was applied. Selected fitness-genes for growth in urine and mouse-bladder colonization were validated using deletion-mutants. Novel fitness-genes, such as tusA, corA and rfaG; involved in sulphur-acquisition, magnesium-uptake, and LPS-biosynthesis, were proved to be important during UTI. Moreover, rfaG was confirmed as relevant in both niches, and therefore it may represent a target for novel UTI-treatment/prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa García
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain
| | - Rasmus B Grønnemose
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sergi Torres-Puig
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Egle Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mateo Piantelli
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Andersen
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Møller-Jensen
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - John E Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Schüroff PA, Salvador FA, Abe CM, Wami HT, Carvalho E, Hernandes RT, Dobrindt U, Gomes TAT, Elias WP. The aggregate-forming pili (AFP) mediates the aggregative adherence of a hybrid-pathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC/EAEC) isolated from a urinary tract infection. Virulence 2021; 12:3073-3093. [PMID: 34923895 PMCID: PMC8923075 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2007645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) comprises an important diarrheagenic pathotype, while uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the most important agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). Recently, EAEC virulence factors have been detected in E. coli strains causing UTI, showing the importance of these hybrid-pathogenic strains. Previously, we detected an E. coli strain isolated from UTI (UPEC-46) presenting characteristics of EAEC, e.g., the aggregative adherence (AA) pattern and EAEC-associated genes (aatA, aap, and pet). In this current study, we analyzed the whole genomic sequence of UPEC-46 and characterized some phenotypic traits. The AA phenotype was observed in cell lineages of urinary and intestinal origin. The production of curli, cellulose, bacteriocins, and Pet toxin was detected. Additionally, UPEC-46 was not capable of forming biofilm using different culture media and human urine. The genome sequence analysis showed that this strain belongs to serotype O166:H12, ST10, and phylogroup A, harbors the tet, aadA, and dfrA/sul resistance genes, and is phylogenetically more related to EAEC strains isolated from human feces. UPEC-46 harbors three plasmids. Plasmid p46-1 (~135 kb) carries some EAEC marker genes and those encoding the aggregate-forming pili (AFP) and its regulator (afpR). A mutation in afpA (encoding the AFP major pilin) led to the loss of pilin production and assembly, and notably, a strongly reduced adhesion to epithelial cells. In summary, the genetic background and phenotypic traits analyzed suggest that UPEC-46 is a hybrid strain (UPEC/EAEC) and highlights the importance of AFP adhesin in the adherence to colorectal and bladder cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A Schüroff
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fábia A Salvador
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia M Abe
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haleluya T Wami
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eneas Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tânia A T Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldir P Elias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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Human Renal Fibroblasts, but Not Renal Epithelial Cells, Induce IL-1β Release during a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123522. [PMID: 34944029 PMCID: PMC8700040 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) modulates the immune response in the kidney is essential to prevent UPEC from reaching the bloodstream and causing urosepsis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate if renal fibroblasts can release IL-1β during a UPEC infection and to investigate the mechanism behind the IL-1β release. We found that the UPEC strain CFT073 induced an increased IL-1β and LDH release from renal fibroblasts, but not from renal epithelial cells. The UPEC-induced IL-1β release was found to be NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-4, ERK 1/2, cathepsin B and serine protease dependent in renal fibroblasts. We also found that the UPEC virulence factor α-hemolysin was necessary for IL-1β release. Conditioned medium from caspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3-deficient renal fibroblasts mediated an increased reactive oxygen species production from neutrophils, but reduced UPEC phagocytosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that renal fibroblasts, but not renal epithelial cells, release IL-1β during a UPEC infection. This suggest that renal fibroblasts are vital immunoreactive cells and not only structural cells that produce and regulate the extracellular matrix.
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Effects of Itxasol© Components on Gene Expression in Bacteria Related to Infections of the Urinary Tract and to the Inflammation Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312655. [PMID: 34884459 PMCID: PMC8657809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a health problem of the first magnitude since they affect large segments of the population, cause increased mortality and comorbidity, and have a high incidence of relapse. Therefore, UTIs cause a major socioeconomic concern. Current antibiotic treatments have various limitations such as the appearance of resistance to antibiotics, nephrotoxicity, and side effects such as gastrointestinal problems including microbiota alterations that contribute to increasing antibiotic resistance. In this context, Itxasol© has emerged, approved as an adjuvant for the treatment of UTIs. Designed with biomimetic principles, it is composed of arbutin, umbelliferon, and N-acetyl cysteine. In this work, we review the activities of these three compounds concerning the changes they produce in the expression of bacterial genes and those related to inflammation as well as assess how they are capable of affecting the DNA of bacteria and fungi.
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Genotyping of Escherichia coli Causing Vaginal Infection in Dysplastic Patients with Similar Genetic Backgrounds Between Commensal and Virulent Strains. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.117488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli in the vagina includes several virulence factors in its genome mobile genetic elements and can facilitate colonization, mainly in immunosuppressed patients. Objectives: This work aimed to demonstrate that E. coli strains of vaginal origin isolated from dysplastic patients possess virulence and resistance genes Methods: This study included one hundred and five E. coli strains isolated from women with cervical dysplasia and vaginal infection. The strains were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility. The Clermont algorithm performed the phylogenetic assignment. The structure of class 1 integrons was performed by identifying integrase (int1), the variable region, and qacEΔ1-sul1 genes. The variable region was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and virus typing typed strains with identical genetic arrangements by detecting virulence genes related to cytotoxicity, adherence, and iron uptake. Results: Escherichia coli strains showed great resistance to β-lactams and quinolones, and phylogenetic assignment showed that the group A/C was highly predominant. Sixteen integrons were identified, with monogenic arrays represented by aadA1, dfrB4dfrA7, dfr2D, and dfrA17 cassettes. The prevalence of the biogenic arrays aadA1/dfrA1 and aadA5/dfrA17 was lower than that of blaOXA-1/aadA1. Concerning virulence genes, fimH, traT, and iutA were the most predominant. Conclusions: The high incidence of virulence and resistance factors in commensal and virulent strains of E. coli revealed potential tools in the pathogenesis of vaginal infection.
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Vega-Hernández R, Ochoa SA, Valle-Rios R, Jaimes-Ortega GA, Arellano-Galindo J, Aparicio-Ozores G, Ibarra JA, Hernández-Castro R, Cruz-Córdova A, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Flagella, Type I Fimbriae and Curli of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Promote the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines in a Coculture System. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2233. [PMID: 34835359 PMCID: PMC8624364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a public health problem in Mexico, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is one of the main etiological agents. Flagella, type I fimbriae, and curli promote the ability of these bacteria to successfully colonize its host. AIM This study aimed to determine whether flagella-, type I fimbriae-, and curli-expressing UPEC induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines in an established coculture system. METHODS The fliC, fimH, and csgA genes by UPEC strain were disrupted by allelic replacement. Flagella, type I fimbriae, and curli were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HTB-5 (upper chamber) and HMC-1 (lower chamber) cells cocultured in Transwell® plates were infected with these UPEC strains and purified proteins. There was adherence to HTB-5 cells treated with different UPEC strains and they were quantified as colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. RESULTS High concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were induced by the FimH and FliC proteins; however, these cytokines were detected in low concentrations in presence of CsgA. Compared with UPEC CFT073, CFT073ΔfimH, CFT073ΔfimHΔfliC, and CFT073ΔcsgAΔfimH strains significantly reduced the adherence to HTB-5 cells. CONCLUSION The FimH and FliC proteins are involved in IL-6 and IL-8 release in a coculture model of HTB-5 and HMC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubí Vega-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (R.V.-H.); (S.A.O.)
- Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 09340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara A. Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (R.V.-H.); (S.A.O.)
| | - Ricardo Valle-Rios
- Unidad Universitaria de Investigación en Cáncer e Inmunología, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (R.V.-R.); (G.A.J.-O.)
- Unidadde Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A. Jaimes-Ortega
- Unidad Universitaria de Investigación en Cáncer e Inmunología, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (R.V.-R.); (G.A.J.-O.)
- Unidadde Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 09340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Virología Clínica y Experimental, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (G.A.-O.); (J.A.I.)
| | - José Antonio Ibarra
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (G.A.-O.); (J.A.I.)
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, 4800 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (R.V.-H.); (S.A.O.)
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (R.V.-H.); (S.A.O.)
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Wang Q, Zhao K, Guo C, Li H, Huang T, Ji J, Sun X, Cao Y, Dong Z, Wang H. Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes of Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections After Kidney Transplantation from Deceased Donors. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4039-4046. [PMID: 34616161 PMCID: PMC8487860 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s332897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of Escherichia coli strains among patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) after kidney transplantation from deceased donors. Methods Between January 2014 and June 2018, 64 patients who received kidney transplants from deceased donors at our institution developed a UTI due to E. coli. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect virulence genes in E. coli strains. The Kirby–Bauer method was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Results Among the study cohort, 46 (71.9%) UTIs were community-acquired (CA), and 18 (28.1%) were hospital-acquired (HA). The percentages of isolated E. coli strains that showed antibiotic resistance were as follows: 92.2% to ampicillin, 76.6% to cefalotin, 81.3% to carbenicillin, 29.7% to ciprofloxacin, 62.5% to cotrimoxazole, 35.9% to gentamicin, 34.4% to levofloxacin, 28.1% to norfloxacin, 68.8% to pefloxacin, 57.8% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 20.3% to amikacin. HA E. coli showed higher resistance to ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and amikacin, compared with CA E. coli (P<0.05). The most prevalent virulence genes among the E. coli strains were fim (64.1%), followed by irp2 (56.3%), iroN (46.9%), pap GII (45.3%), sfa (31.3%), pap (25%), iuc (23.4%), pap GI (15.6%), pap GIII (14.1%), hly (9.4%), and cnf (4.7%). The irp2 and iroN genes were found more frequently in the HA E. coli than in the CA E. coli (P<0.05). Conclusion The E. coli strains, especially HA E. coli, isolated from UTI patients after kidney transplantation from deceased donors showed resistance to multiple antibiotics and harbored numerous virulence genes. These findings provide insight for genetic characterizations and epidemiological studies of E. coli strains causing UTIs in patients after kidney transplantation from deceased donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlei Ji
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Jiao H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Sun N, Yang Y, Wei Y, Hu B, Guo X. Two Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Representing Novel Serotypes and Investigation of Their Roles in Adhesion. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1191-1199. [PMID: 34261855 PMCID: PMC9705854 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2105.05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), which belongs to the attaching and effacing diarrheagenic E. coli strains, is a major causative agent of life-threatening diarrhea in infants in developing countries. Most EPEC isolates correspond to certain O serotypes; however, many strains are nontypeable. Two EPEC strains, EPEC001 and EPEC080, which could not be serotyped during routine detection, were isolated. In this study, we conducted an in-depth characterization of their putative O-antigen gene clusters (O-AGCs) and also performed constructed mutagenesis of the O-AGCs for functional analysis of O-antigen (OAg) synthesis. Sequence analysis revealed that the occurrence of O-AGCs in EPEC001 and E. coli O132 may be mediated by recombination between them, and EPEC080 and E. coli O2/O50 might acquire each O-AGC from uncommon ancestors. We also indicated that OAgknockout bacteria were highly adhesive in vitro, except for the EPEC001 wzy derivative, whose adherent capability was less than that of its wild-type strain, providing direct evidence that OAg plays a key role in EPEC pathogenesis. Together, we identified two EPEC O serotypes in silico and experimentally, and we also studied the adherent capabilities of their OAgs, which highlighted the fundamental and pathogenic role of OAg in EPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - HongBo Jiao
- LanLing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 City Huibao Road, Lanling 276000, Lanling Shandong, P.R. China
| | - XinFeng Zhang
- Taian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 33 Changcheng Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - YuanQing Zhang
- Jinan KeJia Medical Laboratory, Inc., 800 Minghu West Road, Jinan 250001, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Na Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 16992 City Ten Road, Jinan 250014, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 16992 City Ten Road, Jinan 250014, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wei
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 16992 City Ten Road, Jinan 250014, Shandong, P.R. China,Corresponding authors B. Hu Phone: +86-0531-82679738 Fax: +86-531-82679750 E-mail:
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China,
X. Guo Phone: +86-22-66229574 Fax: +86-22-66229584 E-mail:
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Minnullina L, Kostennikova Z, Evtugin V, Akosah Y, Sharipova M, Mardanova A. Diversity in the swimming motility and flagellar regulon structure of uropathogenic Morganella morganii strains. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:111-122. [PMID: 34363151 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In current times, the opportunistic pathogen Morganella morganii is increasingly becoming a cause of urinary tract infections. The condition has been further complicated by the multiple drug resistance of most isolates. Swimming motility plays an important role in the development of urinary tract infections, allowing bacteria to colonize the upper urinary tract. We determined the differences between the growth, swimming motility, and biofilm formation of two M. morganii strains MM 1 and MM 190 isolated from the urine of patients who had community-acquired urinary tract infections. MM 190 showed a lower growth rate but better-formed biofilms in comparison to MM 1. In addition, MM 190 possessed autoaggregation abilities. It was found that a high temperature (37 °C) inhibits the flagellation of strains and makes MM 190 less motile. At the same time, the MM 1 strain maintained its rate of motility at this temperature. We demonstrated that urea at a concentration of 1.5% suppresses the growth and swimming motility of both strains. Genome analysis showed that MM 1 has a 17.7-kb-long insertion in flagellar regulon between fliE and glycosyltransferase genes, which was not identified in corresponding loci of MM 190 and 9 other M. morganii strains with whole genomes. Both strains carry two genes encoding flagellin, which may indicate flagellar antigen phase variation. However, the fliC2 genes have only 91% identity to each other and exhibit some variability in the regulatory region. We assume that all these differences influence the swimming motility of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Minnullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Zarina Kostennikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Evtugin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytical Microscopy, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yaw Akosah
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Margarita Sharipova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ayslu Mardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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TcpC inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation by enhancing ubiquitination mediated degradation of peptidylarginine deiminase 4. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3481. [PMID: 34108482 PMCID: PMC8190435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TcpC is a multifunctional virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) is a crucial anti-infection mechanism of neutrophils. Here we show the influence of TcpC on NETosis and related mechanisms. We show NETosis in the context of a pyelonephritis mouse model induced by TcpC-secreting wild-type E. coli CFT073 (CFT073wt) and LPS-induced in vitro NETosis with CFT073wt or recombinant TcpC (rTcpC)-treated neutrophils are inhibited. rTcpC enters neutrophils through caveolin-mediated endocytosis and inhibits LPS-induced production of ROS, proinflammatory cytokines and protein but not mRNA levels of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4). rTcpC treatment enhances PAD4 ubiquitination and accumulation in proteasomes. Moreover, in vitro ubiquitination kit analyses show that TcpC is a PAD4-targetd E3 ubiquitin-ligase. These data suggest that TcpC inhibits NETosis primarily by serving as an E3 ligase that promotes degradation of PAD4. Our findings provide a novel mechanism underlying TcpC-mediated innate immune evasion.
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Nascimento JAS, Santos FF, Valiatti TB, Santos-Neto JF, M. Santos AC, Cayô R, Gales AC, A. T. Gomes T. Frequency and Diversity of Hybrid Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040693. [PMID: 33801702 PMCID: PMC8065829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hybrid uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains carry virulence markers of the diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes, which may increase their virulence potential. This study analyzed the frequency and virulence potential of hybrid strains among 452 UPEC strains. (2) Methods: Strains were tested for the DEC virulence diagnostic genes’ presence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those carrying at least one gene were classified as hybrid and further tested for 10 UPEC and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence genes and phylogenetic classification. Also, their ability to produce hemolysis, adhere to HeLa and renal HEK 293T cells, form a biofilm, and antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated. (3) Results: Nine (2%) hybrid strains were detected; seven of them carried aggR and two, eae, and were classified as UPEC/EAEC (enteroaggregative E. coli) and UPEC/aEPEC (atypical enteropathogenic E. coli), respectively. They belonged to phylogroups A (five strains), B1 (three), and D (one), and adhered to both cell lineages tested. Only the UPEC/EAEC strains were hemolytic (five strains) and produced biofilm. One UPEC/aEPEC strain was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carried blaCTX-M-15. (4) Conclusions: Our findings contribute to understanding the occurrence and pathogenicity of hybrid UPEC strains, which may cause more severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júllia A. S. Nascimento
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (F.F.S.); (T.B.V.); (J.F.S.-N.); (A.C.M.S.)
| | - Fernanda F. Santos
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (F.F.S.); (T.B.V.); (J.F.S.-N.); (A.C.M.S.)
- Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (R.C.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Tiago B. Valiatti
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (F.F.S.); (T.B.V.); (J.F.S.-N.); (A.C.M.S.)
- Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (R.C.); (A.C.G.)
| | - José F. Santos-Neto
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (F.F.S.); (T.B.V.); (J.F.S.-N.); (A.C.M.S.)
| | - Ana Carolina M. Santos
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (F.F.S.); (T.B.V.); (J.F.S.-N.); (A.C.M.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (R.C.); (A.C.G.)
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Gales
- Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (R.C.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Tânia A. T. Gomes
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (J.A.S.N.); (F.F.S.); (T.B.V.); (J.F.S.-N.); (A.C.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4848
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Activation of NLRP3 by uropathogenic Escherichia coli is associated with IL-1β release and regulation of antimicrobial properties in human neutrophils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21837. [PMID: 33318544 PMCID: PMC7736892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β have recently been linked to the severity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-mediated urinary tract infection (UTI). However, not much is known about the contribution of NLRP3 to the antimicrobial properties of neutrophils and the release of IL-1β during UPEC infection. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms behind UPEC-induced IL-1β release from human neutrophils, and to investigate the contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophil-mediated inhibition of UPEC growth. We found that the UPEC strain CFT073 increased the expression of NLRP3 and increased caspase-1 activation and IL-1β release from human neutrophils. The IL-1β release was mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome and by serine proteases in an NF-κB-and cathepsin B-dependent manner. The UPEC virulence factors α-hemolysin, type-1 fimbriae and p-fimbriae were all shown to contribute to UPEC mediated IL-1β release from neutrophils. Furthermore, inhibition of caspase-1 and NLRP3 activation increased neutrophil ROS-production, phagocytosis and the ability of neutrophils to suppress UPEC growth. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that UPEC can induce NLRP3 and serine protease-dependent release of IL-1β from human neutrophils and that NLRP3 and caspase-1 can regulate the antimicrobial activity of human neutrophils against UPEC.
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48
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Liu B, Furevi A, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Cao H, Wang Q, Reeves PR, Knirel YA, Wang L, Widmalm G. Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:655-683. [PMID: 31778182 PMCID: PMC7685785 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli includes clonal groups of both commensal and pathogenic strains, with some of the latter causing serious infectious diseases. O antigen variation is current standard in defining strains for taxonomy and epidemiology, providing the basis for many serotyping schemes for Gram-negative bacteria. This review covers the diversity in E. coli O antigen structures and gene clusters, and the genetic basis for the structural diversity. Of the 187 formally defined O antigens, six (O31, O47, O67, O72, O94 and O122) have since been removed and three (O34, O89 and O144) strains do not produce any O antigen. Therefore, structures are presented for 176 of the 181 E. coli O antigens, some of which include subgroups. Most (93%) of these O antigens are synthesized via the Wzx/Wzy pathway, 11 via the ABC transporter pathway, with O20, O57 and O60 still uncharacterized due to failure to find their O antigen gene clusters. Biosynthetic pathways are given for 38 of the 49 sugars found in E. coli O antigens, and several pairs or groups of the E. coli antigens that have related structures show close relationships of the O antigen gene clusters within clades, thereby highlighting the genetic basis of the evolution of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Axel Furevi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei V Perepelov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hengchun Cao
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Quan Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peter R Reeves
- School of Molecular and Microbial Bioscience, University of Sydney, 2 Butilin Ave, Darlington NSW 2008, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Sen A, Kaul A, Kaul R. Estrogen receptors in human bladder cells regulate innate cytokine responses to differentially modulate uropathogenic E. coli colonization. Immunobiology 2020; 226:152020. [PMID: 33246308 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bladder epithelial cells elicit robust innate immune responses against urinary tract infections (UTIs) for preventing the bacterial colonization. Physiological fluctuations in circulating estrogen levels in women increase the susceptibility to UTI pathogenesis, often resulting in adverse health outcomes. Dr adhesin bearing Escherichia coli (Dr E. coli) cause recurrent UTIs in menopausal women and acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women. Dr E. coli bind to epithelial cells via host innate immune receptor CD55, under hormonal influence. The role of estrogens or estrogen receptors (ERs) in regulating the innate immune responses in the bladder are poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated the role of ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in modulating the innate immune responses against Dr E. coli induced UTI using human bladder epithelial carcinoma 5637 cells (HBEC). Both ERα and ERβ agonist treatment in bladder cells induced a protection against Dr E. coli invasion via upregulation of TNFα and downregulation of CD55 and IL10, and these effects were reversed by action of ERα and ERβ antagoinsts. In contrast, the agonist-mediated activation of GPR30 led to an increased bacterial colonization due to suppression of innate immune factors in the bladder cells, and these effects were reversed by the antagonist-mediated suppression of GPR30. Further, siRNA-mediated ERα knockdown in the bladder cells reversed the protection against bacterial invasion observed in the ERα positive bladder cells, by modulating the gene expression of TNFα, CD55 and IL10, thus confirming the protective role of ERα. We demonstrate for the first time a protective role of nuclear ERs, ERα and ERβ but not of membrane ER, GPR30 against Dr E. coli invasion in HBEC 5637 cells. These findings have many clinical implications and suggest that ERs may serve as potential drug targets towards developing novel therapeutics for regulating local innate immunity and treating UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayantika Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA; Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anil Kaul
- Health Care Administration, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - Rashmi Kaul
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA.
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50
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Cano A, Ettcheto M, Espina M, López-Machado A, Cajal Y, Rabanal F, Sánchez-López E, Camins A, García ML, Souto EB. State-of-the-art polymeric nanoparticles as promising therapeutic tools against human bacterial infections. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:156. [PMID: 33129333 PMCID: PMC7603693 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases kill over 17 million people a year, among which bacterial infections stand out. From all the bacterial infections, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, meningitis, pneumonia, sexual transmission diseases and nosocomial infections are the most severe bacterial infections, which affect millions of people worldwide. Moreover, the indiscriminate use of antibiotic drugs in the last decades has triggered an increasing multiple resistance towards these drugs, which represent a serious global socioeconomic and public health risk. It is estimated that 33,000 and 35,000 people die yearly in Europe and the United States, respectively, as a direct result of antimicrobial resistance. For all these reasons, there is an emerging need to find novel alternatives to overcome these issues and reduced the morbidity and mortality associated to bacterial infectious diseases. In that sense, nanotechnological approaches, especially smart polymeric nanoparticles, has wrought a revolution in this field, providing an innovative therapeutic alternative able to improve the limitations encountered in available treatments and capable to be effective by theirselves. In this review, we examine the current status of most dangerous human infections, together with an in-depth discussion of the role of nanomedicine to overcome the current disadvantages, and specifically the most recent and innovative studies involving polymeric nanoparticles against most common bacterial infections of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rovira I Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana López-Machado
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cajal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Rabanal
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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