1
|
Lv X, Wang J, Wei F. A persistent mineralization process in alveolar bone throughout the postnatal growth stage in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 167:106062. [PMID: 39094423 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alveolar bone quality is essential for the maxillofacial integrity and function, and depends on alveolar bone mineralization. This study aims to investigate the in vivo changes in alveolar bone mineralization, from the perspective of mineral deposition and crystal transition in postnatal rats. DESIGN Nine postnatal time points of Wistar rats, ranging from day 1 to 56, were set to obtain the maxillary alveolar bone samples. Each time point consisted of ninety rats, with 45 females and 45 males. Macromorphology of alveolar bone was reconducted by Micro-Computed Tomography and the mineral content was quantified via Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. Furthermore, the crystallinity and composition were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Selected Area Electron Diffraction. RESULTS The progressive increase of mineral deposition was accompanied by substantial growth in alveolar bone mass and volume in postnatal rats. Whereas the mineral percentage initially decreased and then increased, reaching a nadir on postnatal day 14 (P14) when tooth eruption was first observed. Besides, localized mineralization was initiated by the formation of amorphous precursors and then converted into mineral crystals, while there was no statistically significant change in the average crystallinity of the bone during growth. CONCLUSION Mineralization of alveolar bone is ongoing throughout the early growth in postnatal rats. Mineral deposition increases with age, whereas the crystallinity remains stable within a certain range. Besides, the mineral percentage reaches its lowest point on P14, which may be attributed to tooth eruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Lv
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jixiao Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Etschmaier V, Üçal M, Lohberger B, Weinberg A, Schäfer U. Ex vivo organotypic bone slice culture reveals preferential chondrogenesis after sustained growth plate injury. Cells Dev 2024:203927. [PMID: 38740089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Postnatal bone growth primarily relies on chondrocyte proliferation and osteogenic differentiation within the growth plate (GP) via endochondral ossification. Despite its importance, the GP is vulnerable to injuries, affecting 15-30 % of bone fractures. These injuries may lead to growth discrepancies, influence bone length and shape, and negatively affecting the patient's quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the molecular and cellular physiological and pathophysiological regeneration following sustained growth plate injury (GPI) in an ex vivo rat femur organotypic culture (OTC) model. Specifically, focusing on postnatal endochondral ossification process. 300 μm thick ex vivo bone cultures with a 2 mm long horizontal GPI was utilized. After 15 days of cultivation, gene expression analysis, histological and immunohistochemistry staining's were conducted to analyze key markers of endochondral ossification. In our OTCs we observed a significant increase in Sox9 expression due to GPI at day 15. The Ihh-PTHrP feedback loop was affected, favoring chondrocyte proliferation and maturation. Ihh levels increased significantly on day 7 and day 15, while PTHrP was downregulated on day 7. GPI had no impact on osteoclast number and activity, but gene expression analysis indicated OTCs' efforts to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and activation, thereby reducing bone resorption. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying postnatal bone growth and regeneration following growth plate injury (GPI). We demonstrate that chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation play pivotal roles in the regeneration process, with the Ihh-PTHrP feedback loop modulating these processes. Importantly, our ex vivo rat femur organotypic culture model allows for the detailed investigation of these processes, providing a valuable tool for future research in the field of skeletal biology and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Etschmaier
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Muammer Üçal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; Bio-Tech-Med Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Annelie Weinberg
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ute Schäfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haam DW, Bae CS, Kim JM, Hann SY, Yim CMR, Moon HS, Oh DS. Reconstruction of Segmental Bone Defect in Canine Tibia Model Utilizing Bi-Phasic Scaffold: Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4604. [PMID: 38731827 PMCID: PMC11083235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The reunion and restoration of large segmental bone defects pose significant clinical challenges. Conventional strategies primarily involve the combination of bone scaffolds with seeded cells and/or growth factors to regulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, these therapies face inherent issues related to immunogenicity, tumorigenesis, bioactivity, and off-the-shelf transplantation. The biogenic micro-environment created by implanted bone grafts plays a crucial role in initiating the bone regeneration cascade. To address this, a highly porous bi-phasic ceramic synthetic bone graft, composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) and alumina (Al), was developed. This graft was employed to repair critical segmental defects, involving the creation of a 2 cm segmental defect in a canine tibia. The assessment of bone regeneration within the synthetic bone graft post-healing was conducted using scintigraphy, micro-CT, histology, and dynamic histomorphometry. The technique yielded pore sizes in the range of 230-430 μm as primary pores, 40-70 μm as secondary inner microchannels, and 200-400 nm as tertiary submicron surface holes. These three components are designed to mimic trabecular bone networks and to provide body fluid adsorption, diffusion, a nutritional supply, communication around the cells, and cell anchorage. The overall porosity was measured at 82.61 ± 1.28%. Both micro-CT imaging and histological analysis provided substantial evidence of robust bone formation and the successful reunion of the critical defect. Furthermore, an histology revealed the presence of vascularization within the newly formed bone area, clearly demonstrating trabecular and cortical bone formation at the 8-week mark post-implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Won Haam
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Yun Hann
- Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Hong-Seok Moon
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daniel S. Oh
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Hu F, Li H, Duan Q, Pi Y, Li Y, Zhang H. Longitudinal skeletal growth and growth plate morphological characteristics of chondro-tissue specific CUL7 knockout mice. Ann Anat 2024; 253:152224. [PMID: 38367951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3 M syndrome is first reported in 1975,which characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, skeletal malformation and facial dysmorphism. These three genes (CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8) have been identified to be respond for 3 M syndrome, of which CUL7 is accounting for approximately 70%. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of 3 M syndrome remains poorly understood. Previous studies showed that no Cul7-/- mice could survive after birth, because of growth retardation at late gestational stage and respiratory distress after birth. The establishment of the animal model of cartilage specific Cul7 knockout mice (Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice) has confirmed that Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice can be selective in a time- and tissue-dependent manner, which can provide an experimental basis for further research on severe genetic diseases related to growth plates. OBJECTIVE To establish a model of Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice based on Cre/LoxP system, and to further observe its phenotype and morphological changes in growth plate. METHODS The Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice were taken as the experimental group, while the genotype of Cul7fl/+;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice were used as the control group. The gross morphological features and X-ray films of limbs in the two groups were observed every week for 3-6 consecutive weeks, and the length of the mice from nose to the tail, the length of femur and tibia were recorded. In the meantime, The histological morphology of tibial growth plates was compared between the two groups. RESULTS A preliminary model of Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice was established. The Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice had abnormally short and deformed limbs (P<0.05), increased thickness of growth plate, the disorderly arranged chondrocyte columns, decreased number of cells in the proliferation zone, changes in the shape from flat to round, obviously expanded extracellular matrix, and disordered arrangement, thickening and loosening of bone trabecula at the proximal metaphysis of the femur. CONCLUSIONS The knockout of Cul7 gene may affect both the proliferation of chondrocytes and the endochondral osteogenesis, confirming that Cul7 is essential for the normal development of bone in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Fangrui Hu
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Qinli Duan
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yalei Pi
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 of Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shahriar SMS, Polavoram NS, Andrabi SM, Su Y, Lee D, Tran HQ, Schindler SJ, Xie J. Transforming layered 2D mats into multiphasic 3D nanofiber scaffolds with tailored gradient features for tissue regeneration. BMEMAT 2024; 2:e12065. [PMID: 38586163 PMCID: PMC10997325 DOI: 10.1002/bmm2.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Multiphasic scaffolds with tailored gradient features hold significant promise for tissue regeneration applications. Herein, this work reports the transformation of two-dimensional (2D) layered fiber mats into three dimensional (3D) multiphasic scaffolds using a 'solids-of-revolution' inspired gas-foaming expansion technology. These scaffolds feature precise control over fiber alignment, pore size, and regional structure. Manipulating nanofiber mat layers and Pluronic F127 concentrations allows further customization of pore size and fiber alignment within different scaffold regions. The cellular response to multiphasic scaffolds demonstrates the number of cells migrated and proliferated onto the scaffolds are mainly dependent on the pore size rather than fiber alignment. In vivo subcutaneous implantation of multiphasic scaffolds to rats reveals substantial cell infiltration, neo tissue formation, collagen deposition, and new vessel formation within scaffolds, greatly surpassing the capabilities of traditional nanofiber mats. Histological examination indicates the importance of optimizing pore size and fiber alignment for promotion of cell infiltration and tissue regeneration. Overall, these scaffolds have potential applications in tissue modeling, studying tissue-tissue interactions, interface tissue engineering, and high-throughput screening for optimized tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Navatha Shree Polavoram
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Syed Muntazir Andrabi
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Huy Quang Tran
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Samantha J. Schindler
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery – Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suito H, Fujikawa K, Ohsako M. ENPP1 downregulation and FGF23 upregulation in growth-related calcification of the tibial tuberosity in rats. J Anat 2024; 244:333-342. [PMID: 37814911 PMCID: PMC10780148 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During tibial tuberosity growth, superficial and deep portions can be observed; however, the deep portion is not observed after the growth period, as it develops into bone tissues. Calcification in vivo is known to be constitutively suppressed by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) but promoted by tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). FGF23 promotes calcification of enthesis. Gene expression of FGF23 increased rapidly at 13W in this study. Therefore, the tibial tuberosity is speculated to develop via Enpp1 downregulation and Tnap upregulation; however, the understanding of these processes remains unclear. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to explore the age-related structural changes and underlying gene expression changes in the tibial tuberosity of rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (3-, 7-, and 13-week-old; eight each). The tibial tuberosity superficial and deep portions were clearly observed in 3- and 7-week-old rats, but the presence of the deep portion was not confirmed in 13-week-old rats. The extracellular matrix of hypertrophic chondrocytes was calcified. Furthermore, the Enpp1 expression was the highest in 3-week-old rats and decreased with growth. The TNAP expression did not differ significantly among the groups. The deep portion area was significantly lower in 3-week-old rats than in 7-week-old rats. Generally, the extracellular matrix of the immature chondrocytes is not calcified. Therefore, we speculated that the cartilaginous tibial tuberosity calcifies and ossifies with growth. The Enpp1 expression decreased with growth, whereas the Tnap expression remained unchanged. Thus, we surmise that the tibial tuberosity calcifies with growth and that this process involves Enpp1 downregulation and FGF23 upregulation. As Osgood-Schlatter disease is closely related to the calcification of the tibial tuberosity, these findings may help clarify the pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirai Suito
- Graduate School of Human Life Design, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowships DC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ohsako
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schoedel K, Heim T, Duensing A, Lohse I, Presutti L, Belayneh R, Bhogal S, Singh-Varma A, Chang A, Chandran U, Marker D, Szabo-Rogers H, Weiss K. Grade 2, 3 and Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcomas: A Comparative Study of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Mutant and Wild-Type Tumors with Implications for Prognosis and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:247. [PMID: 38254737 PMCID: PMC10813891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grade 2 and 3 and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas (CS) are frequently associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and often exhibit a poor clinical outcome. Treatment is limited mainly to surgery. Defining IDH status (wild type (WT) and mutant) and the associated transcriptome may prove useful in determining other therapeutic options in these neoplasms. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material from 69 primary and recurrent grade 2, 3 and dedifferentiated CS was obtained. DNA sequencing for IDH1 and IDH2 mutations (n = 47) and RNA sequencing via Nextseq 2000 (n = 14) were performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to predict aberrant biological pathways with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software (Qiagen). Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) using subsets C3, C5 and C7 were performed. Differentially expressed genes were validated by immunohistochemistry. Outcome analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS A set of 69 CS (28 females, 41 males), average age 65, distributed among femur, pelvis, humerus, and chest wall were identified from available clinical material. After further selection based on available IDH status, we evaluated 15 IDH WT and 32 IDH mutant tumors as part of this dataset. Out of 15 IDH WT tumors, 7 involved the chest wall/scapula, while 1 of 32 mutants arose in the scapula. There were far more genes overexpressed in IDH WT tumors compared to IDH mutant tumors. Furthermore, IDH WT and IDH mutant tumors were transcriptomically distinct in the IPA and GSEA, with IDH mutant tumors showing increased activity in methylation pathways and endochondral ossification, while IDH WT tumors showed more activity in normal matrix development pathways. Validation immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of WT1 and AR in IDH WT tumors, but not in IDH mutants. SATB2 was expressed in IDH mutant tumors and not in WT tumors. Outcome analysis revealed differences in overall survival between mutant and WT tumors (p = 0.04), dedifferentiated mutant and higher-grade (2, 3) mutant tumors (p = 0.03), and dedifferentiated mutant and higher-grade (2, 3) WT tumors (p = 0.03). The longest survival times were observed in patients with higher-grade WT tumors, while patients with dedifferentiated mutant tumors showed the lowest survival. Generally, patients with IDH WT tumors displayed longer survival in both the higher-grade and dedifferentiated groups. CONCLUSIONS Grade 2, 3 and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas are further characterized by IDH status, which in turn informs transcriptomic phenotype and overall survival. The transcriptome is distinct depending on IDH status, and implies different treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schoedel
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tanya Heim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Anette Duensing
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Laura Presutti
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rebekah Belayneh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Sumail Bhogal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Anya Singh-Varma
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Uma Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Daniel Marker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Heather Szabo-Rogers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Kurt Weiss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Olstad K, Ekman S, Björnsdóttir S, Fjordbakk CT, Hansson K, Sigurdsson SF, Ley CJ. Osteochondrosis in the central and third tarsal bones of young horses. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:74-87. [PMID: 37431760 PMCID: PMC10687793 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231185108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the central and third tarsal bones of 23 equine fetuses and foals were examined using micro-computed tomography. Radiological changes, including incomplete ossification and focal ossification defects interpreted as osteochondrosis, were detected in 16 of 23 cases. The geometry of the osteochondrosis defects suggested they were the result of vascular failure, but this requires histological confirmation. The study aim was to examine central and third tarsal bones from the 16 cases and to describe the tissues present, cartilage canals, and lesions, including suspected osteochondrosis lesions. Cases included 9 males and 7 females from 0 to 150 days of age, comprising 11 Icelandic horses, 2 standardbred horses, 2 warmblood riding horses, and 1 coldblooded trotting horse. Until 4 days of age, all aspects of the bones were covered by growth cartilage, but from 105 days, the dorsal and plantar aspects were covered by fibrous tissue undergoing intramembranous ossification. Cartilage canal vessels gradually decreased but were present in most cases up to 122 days and were absent in the next available case at 150 days. Radiological osteochondrosis defects were confirmed in histological sections from 3 cases and consisted of necrotic vessels surrounded by ischemic chondronecrosis (articular osteochondrosis) and areas of retained, morphologically viable hypertrophic chondrocytes (physeal osteochondrosis). The central and third tarsal bones formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. The blood supply to the growth cartilage of the central and third tarsal bones regressed between 122 and 150 days of age. Radiological osteochondrosis defects represented vascular failure, with chondrocyte necrosis and retention, or a combination of articular and physeal osteochondrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stina Ekman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kerstin Hansson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Charles J. Ley
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Girón JC, Tarasov S, González Montaña LA, Matentzoglu N, Smith AD, Koch M, Boudinot BE, Bouchard P, Burks R, Vogt L, Yoder M, Osumi-Sutherland D, Friedrich F, Beutel RG, Mikó I. Formalizing Invertebrate Morphological Data: A Descriptive Model for Cuticle-Based Skeleto-Muscular Systems, an Ontology for Insect Anatomy, and their Potential Applications in Biodiversity Research and Informatics. Syst Biol 2023; 72:1084-1100. [PMID: 37094905 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectacular radiation of insects has produced a stunning diversity of phenotypes. During the past 250 years, research on insect systematics has generated hundreds of terms for naming and comparing them. In its current form, this terminological diversity is presented in natural language and lacks formalization, which prohibits computer-assisted comparison using semantic web technologies. Here we propose a Model for Describing Cuticular Anatomical Structures (MoDCAS) which incorporates structural properties and positional relationships for standardized, consistent, and reproducible descriptions of arthropod phenotypes. We applied the MoDCAS framework in creating the ontology for the Anatomy of the Insect Skeleto-Muscular system (AISM). The AISM is the first general insect ontology that aims to cover all taxa by providing generalized, fully logical, and queryable, definitions for each term. It was built using the Ontology Development Kit (ODK), which maximizes interoperability with Uberon (Uberon multispecies anatomy ontology) and other basic ontologies, enhancing the integration of insect anatomy into the broader biological sciences. A template system for adding new terms, extending, and linking the AISM to additional anatomical, phenotypic, genetic, and chemical ontologies is also introduced. The AISM is proposed as the backbone for taxon-specific insect ontologies and has potential applications spanning systematic biology and biodiversity informatics, allowing users to: 1) use controlled vocabularies and create semiautomated computer-parsable insect morphological descriptions; 2) integrate insect morphology into broader fields of research, including ontology-informed phylogenetic methods, logical homology hypothesis testing, evo-devo studies, and genotype to phenotype mapping; and 3) automate the extraction of morphological data from the literature, enabling the generation of large-scale phenomic data, by facilitating the production and testing of informatic tools able to extract, link, annotate, and process morphological data. This descriptive model and its ontological applications will allow for clear and semantically interoperable integration of arthropod phenotypes in biodiversity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Girón
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sergei Tarasov
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Aaron D Smith
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Markus Koch
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brendon E Boudinot
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, CA, USA
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Patrice Bouchard
- Biodiversity and Bioresources, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Roger Burks
- Entomology Department, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Lars Vogt
- TIB Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology, Welfengarten 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthew Yoder
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Frank Friedrich
- Institut für Zell- und Systembiologie der Tiere, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf G Beutel
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - István Mikó
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hussein HA, Khazaeel K, Ranjbar R, Tabandeh MR, Alahmed JAS. Protective effect of quercetin on fetal development and congenital skeletal anomalies against exposure of pregnant Wistar rats to crude oil vapor. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1619-1629. [PMID: 37596818 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence indicates a relationship between maternal exposure to crude oil vapors (COV) during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Quercetin (QUE) is a plant flavonoid with purported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which has been shown to prevent birth defects. This study was aimed to investigate the protective role of QUE on fetal development and congenital skeletal anomalies caused by exposure of pregnant rats to COV. METHODS Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were randomly categorized into four groups of control, COV, COV + QUE, and QUE (50 mg/kg). The inhalation method was used to expose pregnant rats to COV from day 0 to 20 of pregnancy, and QUE was administered orally during this period. On day 20 of gestation, the animals were anesthetized and a laparotomy was performed, and then the weight and crown rump length (CRL) of the fetuses were determined. Skeletal stereomicroscopic evaluations of fetuses were performed using Alcian blue/Alizarin red staining method, and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (Runx2 and BMP-4) was evaluated using qPCR. RESULTS This study showed that prenatal exposure to COV significantly reduced fetal weight and CRL, and expression of Runx2 and BMP-4 genes. Moreover, COV significantly increased the incidence of congenital skeletal anomalies such as cleft palate, spina bifida and non-ossification of the fetal bones. However, administration of QUE with exposure to COV improved fetal bone development and reduced congenital skeletal anomalies. CONCLUSION QUE can ameliorate the teratogenic effects of prenatal exposure to COV by increasing the expression of osteogenesis-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Ali Hussein
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kaveh Khazaeel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center (STTRC), Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center (STTRC), Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jala Amir Salman Alahmed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Campos WG, Araújo R, Júnior CAL, de Sousa Gomes P. Alendronate induces skeletal alterations in the chicken embryonic development model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 476:116673. [PMID: 37652309 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, has reported long-term clinical success in the management of distinct bone-related conditions, particularly in the modulation of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Nonetheless, whether the inhibitory activity over osteoclastic cells' functionality is widely acknowledged, contradictory evidence arises from the assessment of alendronate activity over osteoblastic populations. This may be of particular relevance in situations in which bone formation exceeds bone resorption, with further emphasis on embryonic development, since alendronate can cross the placental barrier and alendronate-based therapies are being extended into women of reproductive age. Accordingly, the present study aims to assess the effects of alendronate, at distinct concentrations (1.5E-10M to 1.5E-7M) on bone tissue development, within a translational animal model - the embryonic chicken development model. Embryos, at the beginning of osteogenesis (day 7) were exposed to different alendronate concentrations for 4 days. Embryos were following characterized for skeletal development by histomorphometric analysis upon histochemical staining, microtomographic analysis, and gene expression assessment of genes related to osteoclastogenic/osteoclastic and osteoblastogenic/osteogenic differentiation, as well as to the immuno-inflammatory activation. The findings revealed that exposure to alendronate had a dose-dependent impact on skeletal growth and mineralization. This effect was evidenced by diminished bone volume and reduced bone surface parameters, with the 1.5E-7M concentration leading to a remarkable reduction of over 50%. Additionally, a decreased osteoclastogenic/osteoclastic gene expression was verified, associated with a diminished osteoblastogenic/osteogenic program - within the 30-50% range for 1.5E-7 M, supporting the diminished bone formation process. An increased inflammatory activation may contribute, at least in part, to the attained outcomes. Overall present findings suggest a negative influence of alendronate on the embryonic bone development process in a dose-dependent manner, highlighting the potential risk of alendronate use during embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Araújo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro de Sousa Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pitirri MK, Richtsmeier JT, Kawasaki M, Coupe AP, Perrine SM, Kawasaki K. Come together over me: Cells that form the dermatocranium and chondrocranium in mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023:10.1002/ar.25295. [PMID: 37497849 PMCID: PMC10818014 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Most bone develops either by intramembranous ossification where bone forms within a soft connective tissue, or by endochondral ossification by way of a cartilage anlagen or model. Bones of the skull can form endochondrally or intramembranously or represent a combination of the two types of ossification. Contrary to the classical definition of intramembranous ossification, we have previously described a tight temporo-spatial relationship between cranial cartilages and dermal bone formation and proposed a mechanistic relationship between chondrocranial cartilage and dermal bone. Here, we further investigate this relationship through an analysis of how cells organize to form cranial cartilages and dermal bone. Using Wnt1-Cre2 and Mesp1-Cre transgenic mice, we determine the derivation of cells that comprise cranial cartilages from either cranial neural crest (CNC) or paraxial mesoderm (PM). We confirm a previously determined CNC-PM boundary that runs through the hypophyseal fenestra in the cartilaginous braincase floor and identify four additional CNC-PM boundaries in the chondrocranial lateral wall, including a boundary that runs along the basal and apical ends of the hypochiasmatic cartilage. Based on the knowledge that as osteoblasts differentiate from CNC- and PM-derived mesenchyme, the differentiating cells express the transcription factor genes RUNX2 and osterix (OSX), we created a new transgenic mouse line called R2Tom. R2Tom mice carry a tdTomato reporter gene joined with an evolutionarily well-conserved enhancer sequence of RUNX2. R2Tom mice crossed with Osx-GFP mice yield R2Tom;Osx-GFP double transgenic mice in which various stages of osteoblasts and their precursors are detected with different fluorescent reporters. We use the R2Tom;Osx-GFP mice, new data on the cell derivation of cranial cartilages, histology, immunohistochemistry, and detailed morphological observations combined with data from other investigators to summarize the differentiation of cranial mesenchyme as it forms condensations that become chondrocranial cartilages and associated dermal bones of the lateral cranial wall. These data advance our previous findings of a tendency of cranial cartilage and dermal bone development to vary jointly in a coordinated manner, promoting a role for cranial cartilages in intramembranous bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kathleen Pitirri
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joan T Richtsmeier
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mizuho Kawasaki
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail P Coupe
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan Motch Perrine
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Kawasaki
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Santos IG, Ramos de Faria F, da Silva Campos MJ, de Barros BÁC, Rabelo GD, Devito KL. Fractal dimension, lacunarity, and cortical thickness in the mandible: Analyzing differences between healthy men and women with cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent 2023; 53:153-159. [PMID: 37405205 PMCID: PMC10315234 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to assess the fractal dimension, lacunarity, trabecular microarchitecture parameters, and cortical linear measurements in the mandibles of male and female individuals to identify differences between them. Materials and Methods In total, 116 cone-beam computed tomography scans of healthy individuals of different ages (57 men and 59 women, aged between 20 and 60 years) were selected. The following bone parameters were measured: 1) buccal, lingual, and basal cortical bone thickness in 5 standard parasagittal sections (the midline, the left and right sides of the lower lateral incisors, and the left and right sides of the lower canines); 2) the bone volume fraction of 10 sequential axial sections from each patient by creating a volume of interest in the area between the lower canines; and 3) fractal dimension and lacunarity using grayscale images of the same region of the volume of interest in the anterior mandible. Spearman correlation coefficients and the Mann-Whitney test were used. Results A significant and positive correlation was found between age and cortical thickness, especially in the region of the central incisors. Significant differences between sexes in terms of fractal dimension, lacunarity, and bone volume were found. Women revealed lower fractal dimension values and higher lacunarity and bone volume ratio values than men. Conclusion Fractal dimension, lacunarity, trabecular bone volume, and cortical thickness were different between men and women of different ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garcia Santos
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramos de Faria
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karina Lopes Devito
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Biomineralization-inspired mineralized hydrogel promotes the repair and regeneration of dentin/bone hard tissue. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:11. [PMID: 36841873 PMCID: PMC9968336 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial hard tissue defects caused by trauma or infection often affect craniofacial function. Taking the natural hard tissue structure as a template, constructing an engineered tissue repair module is an important scheme to realize the functional regeneration and repair of maxillofacial hard tissue. Here, inspired by the biomineralization process, we constructed a composite mineral matrix hydrogel PAA-CMC-TDM containing amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs), polyacrylic acid (PAA), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and dentin matrix (TDM). The dynamic network composed of Ca2+·COO- coordination and ACPs made the hydrogel loaded with TDM, and exhibited self-repairing ability and injectability. The mechanical properties of PAA-CMC-TDM can be regulated, but the functional activity of TDM remains unaffected. Cytological studies and animal models of hard tissue defects show that the hydrogel can promote the odontogenesis or osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, adapt to irregular hard tissue defects, and promote in situ regeneration of defective tooth and bone tissues. In summary, this paper shows that the injectable TDM hydrogel based on biomimetic mineralization theory can induce hard tissue formation and promote dentin/bone regeneration.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bando Y, Nagasaka A, Onozawa G, Sakiyama K, Owada Y, Amano O. Integrin expression and extracellular matrix adhesion of septoclasts, pericytes, and endothelial cells at the chondro-osseous junction and the metaphysis of the proximal tibia in young mice. J Anat 2023; 242:831-845. [PMID: 36602038 PMCID: PMC10093157 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that septoclasts, which are uncalcified growth plate (GP) cartilage matrix-resorbing cells, are derived from pericytes surrounding capillary endothelial cells. Resorption of the GP is assumed to be regulated synchronously by septoclasts, pericytes, and endothelial cells. To reveal the contribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the regulatory mechanisms of septoclastic cartilage resorption, we investigated the spatial correlation between the cells and the ECM in the GP matrix and basement membrane (BM) and investigated the expression of integrins-ECM receptors-in the cells. Septoclasts attached to the transverse septa containing collagen-II/-X at the tip of their processes and to the longitudinal septa containing collagen-II/-X at the spine-like processes extending from their bodies and processes. Collagen-IV and laminin α4 in the BM were sparsely detected between septoclasts and capillary endothelial cells at the chondro-osseous junction (COJ) and were absent in the outer surface of pericytes at the metaphysis. Integrin α1/α2, integrin α1, and integrin α2/α6 were detected in the cell membranes of septoclasts, pericytes, and endothelial cells, respectively. These results suggest that the adhesion between septoclasts and the cartilage ECM forming the scaffolds for cartilage resorption and migration is provided by integrin α2-collagen-II/-X interaction and that the adhesions between the BM and pericytes or endothelial cells are mediated by integrin α1-collagen-IV and integrin α2/α6-laminin interaction, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Bando
- Division of Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Arata Nagasaka
- Division of Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Go Onozawa
- Division of Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Sakiyama
- Division of Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Amano
- Division of Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Metformin can mitigate skeletal dysplasia caused by Pck2 deficiency. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:54. [PMCID: PMC9663691 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important enzyme for gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2) has further complex functions beyond regulation of glucose metabolism. Here, we report that conditional knockout of Pck2 in osteoblasts results in a pathological phenotype manifested as craniofacial malformation, long bone loss, and marrow adipocyte accumulation. Ablation of Pck2 alters the metabolic pathways of developing bone, particularly fatty acid metabolism. However, metformin treatment can mitigate skeletal dysplasia of embryonic and postnatal heterozygous knockout mice, at least partly via the AMPK signaling pathway. Collectively, these data illustrate that PCK2 is pivotal for bone development and metabolic homeostasis, and suggest that regulation of metformin-mediated signaling could provide a novel and practical strategy for treating metabolic skeletal dysfunction.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kurenkova AD, Romanova IA, Kibirskiy PD, Timashev P, Medvedeva EV. Strategies to Convert Cells into Hyaline Cartilage: Magic Spells for Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911169. [PMID: 36232468 PMCID: PMC9570095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged hyaline cartilage gradually decreases joint function and growing pain significantly reduces the quality of a patient’s life. The clinically approved procedure of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for treating knee cartilage lesions has several limits, including the absence of healthy articular cartilage tissues for cell isolation and difficulties related to the chondrocyte expansion in vitro. Today, various ACI modifications are being developed using autologous chondrocytes from alternative sources, such as the auricles, nose and ribs. Adult stem cells from different tissues are also of great interest due to their less traumatic material extraction and their innate abilities of active proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. According to the different adult stem cell types and their origin, various strategies have been proposed for stem cell expansion and initiation of their chondrogenic differentiation. The current review presents the diversity in developing applied techniques based on autologous adult stem cell differentiation to hyaline cartilage tissue and targeted to articular cartilage damage therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D. Kurenkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Irina A. Romanova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel D. Kibirskiy
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Nanomaterials are promising in the development of innovative therapeutic options that include tissue and organ replacement, as well as bone repair and regeneration. The expansion of new nanoscaled biomaterials is based on progress in the field of nanotechnologies, material sciences, and biomedicine. In recent decades, nanomaterial systems have bridged the line between the synthetic and natural worlds, leading to the emergence of a new science called nanomaterial design for biological applications. Nanomaterials replicating bone properties and providing unique functions help in bone tissue engineering. This review article is focused on nanomaterials utilized in or being explored for the purpose of bone repair and regeneration. After a brief overview of bone biology, including a description of bone cells, matrix, and development, nanostructured materials and different types of nanoparticles are discussed in detail.
Collapse
|
19
|
McQuaid ME, Ahmed K, Tran S, Rousseau J, Shaheen R, Kernohan KD, Yuki KE, Grover P, Dreseris ES, Ahmed S, Dupuis L, Stimec J, Shago M, Al-Hassnan ZN, Tremblay R, Maass PG, Wilson MD, Grunebaum E, Boycott KM, Boisvert FM, Maddirevula S, Faqeih EA, Almanjomi F, Khan ZU, Alkuraya FS, Campeau PM, Kannu P, Campos EI, Wurtele H. Hypomorphic GINS3 variants alter DNA replication and cause Meier-Gorlin syndrome. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155648. [PMID: 35603789 PMCID: PMC9215265 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic CDC45/MCM2-7/GINS (CMG) helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication. The GINS subcomplex is required for helicase activity and is, therefore, essential for DNA replication and cell viability. Here, we report the identification of 7 individuals from 5 unrelated families presenting with a Meier-Gorlin syndrome–like (MGS-like) phenotype associated with hypomorphic variants of GINS3, a gene not previously associated with this syndrome. We found that MGS-associated GINS3 variants affecting aspartic acid 24 (D24) compromised cell proliferation and caused accumulation of cells in S phase. These variants shortened the protein half-life, altered key protein interactions at the replisome, and negatively influenced DNA replication fork progression. Yeast expressing MGS-associated variants of PSF3 (the yeast GINS3 ortholog) also displayed impaired growth, S phase progression defects, and decreased Psf3 protein stability. We further showed that mouse embryos homozygous for a D24 variant presented intrauterine growth retardation and did not survive to birth, and that fibroblasts derived from these embryos displayed accelerated cellular senescence. Taken together, our findings implicate GINS3 in the pathogenesis of MGS and support the notion that hypomorphic variants identified in this gene impaired cell and organismal growth by compromising DNA replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. McQuaid
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kashif Ahmed
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tran
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristin D. Kernohan
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Newborn Screening Ontario, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyoko E. Yuki
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prerna Grover
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ema S. Dreseris
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameen Ahmed
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucie Dupuis
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stimec
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Shago
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zuhair N. Al-Hassnan
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roch Tremblay
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philipp G. Maass
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eissa A. Faqeih
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children’s Specialist Hospital, and
| | - Fahad Almanjomi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Ullah Khan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S. Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Peter Kannu
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric I. Campos
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Macías I, Alcorta-Sevillano N, Infante A, Rodríguez CI. Cutting Edge Endogenous Promoting and Exogenous Driven Strategies for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147724. [PMID: 34299344 PMCID: PMC8306037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone damage leading to bone loss can arise from a wide range of causes, including those intrinsic to individuals such as infections or diseases with metabolic (diabetes), genetic (osteogenesis imperfecta), and/or age-related (osteoporosis) etiology, or extrinsic ones coming from external insults such as trauma or surgery. Although bone tissue has an intrinsic capacity of self-repair, large bone defects often require anabolic treatments targeting bone formation process and/or bone grafts, aiming to restore bone loss. The current bone surrogates used for clinical purposes are autologous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic bone grafts, which although effective imply a number of limitations: the need to remove bone from another location in the case of autologous transplants and the possibility of an immune rejection when using allogeneic or xenogeneic grafts. To overcome these limitations, cutting edge therapies for skeletal regeneration of bone defects are currently under extensive research with promising results; such as those boosting endogenous bone regeneration, by the stimulation of host cells, or the ones driven exogenously with scaffolds, biomolecules, and mesenchymal stem cells as key players of bone healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Macías
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.M.); (N.A.-S.)
| | - Natividad Alcorta-Sevillano
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.M.); (N.A.-S.)
- University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.M.); (N.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (C.I.R.)
| | - Clara I. Rodríguez
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.M.); (N.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (C.I.R.)
| |
Collapse
|