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Costa CF, Li H, Hussein MAF, Yang Y, Lismont C, Fransen M. Assessment of the Peroxisomal Redox State in Living Cells Using NADPH- and NAD +/NADH-Specific Fluorescent Protein Sensors. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2643:183-197. [PMID: 36952186 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3048-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The pyridine nucleotides NAD(H) and NADP(H) are key molecules in cellular metabolism, and measuring their levels and oxidation states with spatiotemporal precision is of great value in biomedical research. Traditional methods to assess the redox state of these metabolites are intrusive and prohibit live-cell quantifications. This obstacle was surpassed by the development of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors enabling dynamic measurements with subcellular resolution in living cells. Here, we provide step-by-step protocols to monitor the intraperoxisomal NADPH levels and NAD+/NADH redox state in cellulo by using targeted variants of iNAP1 and SoNar, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio F Costa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohamed A F Hussein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Yi Yang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Celien Lismont
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Wang X, Luo X. Precursor Quantitation Methods for Next Generation Food Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:849177. [PMID: 35360389 PMCID: PMC8960114 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.849177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Food is essential for human survival. Nowadays, traditional agriculture faces challenges in balancing the need of sustainable environmental development and the rising food demand caused by an increasing population. In addition, in the emerging of consumers' awareness of health related issues bring a growing trend towards novel nature-based food additives. Synthetic biology, using engineered microbial cell factories for production of various molecules, shows great advantages for generating food alternatives and additives, which not only relieve the pressure laid on tradition agriculture, but also create a new stage in healthy and sustainable food supplement. The biosynthesis of food components (protein, fats, carbohydrates or vitamins) in engineered microbial cells often involves cellular central metabolic pathways, where common precursors are processed into different proteins and products. Quantitation of the precursors provides information of the metabolic flux and intracellular metabolic state, giving guidance for precise pathway engineering. In this review, we summarized the quantitation methods for most cellular biosynthetic precursors, including energy molecules and co-factors involved in redox-reactions. It will also be useful for studies worked on pathway engineering of other microbial-derived metabolites. Finally, advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Mass Spectrometry in Advancement of Redox Precision Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:327-358. [PMID: 31347057 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox (portmanteau of reduction-oxidation) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species in biological processes fundamental to life. It is of outmost importance that cells maintain a healthy redox state by balancing the action of oxidants and antioxidants; failure to do so leads to a multitude of diseases including cancer, diabetes, fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. From the perspective of precision medicine, it is therefore beneficial to interrogate the redox phenotype of the individual-similar to the use of genomic sequencing-in order to design tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment. This chapter provides an overview of redox metabolism and focuses on how mass spectrometry (MS) can be applied to advance our knowledge in redox biology and precision medicine.
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4
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Clement J, Wong M, Poljak A, Sachdev P, Braidy N. The Plasma NAD + Metabolome Is Dysregulated in "Normal" Aging. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:121-130. [PMID: 30124109 PMCID: PMC6482912 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that serves as an electron carrier in cellular metabolism and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of balanced redox homeostasis. Quantification of NAD+:NADH and NADP+:NADPH ratios are pivotal to a wide variety of cellular processes, including intracellular secondary messenger signaling by CD38 glycohydrolases, DNA repair by poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP), epigenetic regulation of gene expression by NAD-dependent histone deacetylase enzymes known as sirtuins, and regulation of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. We quantified changes in the NAD+ metabolome in plasma samples collected from consenting healthy human subjects across a wide age range (20-87 years) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Our data show a significant decline in the plasma levels of NAD+, NADP+, and other important metabolites such as nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) with age. However, an age-related increase in the reduced form of NAD+ and NADP+-NADH and NADPH-and nicotinamide (NAM), N-methyl-nicotinamide (MeNAM), and the products of adenosine diphosphoribosylation, including adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) was also reported. Whereas, plasma levels of nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN) showed no statistically significant changes across age groups. Taken together, our data cumulatively suggest that age-related impairments are associated with corresponding alterations in the extracellular plasma NAD+ metabolome. Our future research will seek to elucidate the role of modulating NAD+ metabolites in the treatment and prevention of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Wong
- 2 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- 2 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia.,3 Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,4 School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- 2 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia.,5 Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- 2 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Mičová K, Friedecký D, Adam T. Mass Spectrometry for the Sensitive Analysis of Intracellular Nucleotides and Analogues. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/68073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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6
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Zhang G, Walker AD, Lin Z, Han X, Blatnik M, Steenwyk RC, Groeber EA. Strategies for quantitation of endogenous adenine nucleotides in human plasma using novel ion-pair hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1325:129-36. [PMID: 24377733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We present here a novel and highly sensitive ion-pair hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (IP-HILIC-MS/MS) method for quantitation of highly polar acid metabolites like adenine nucleotides. A mobile phase based on diethylamine (DEA) and hexafluoro-2-isopropanol (HFIP) and an aminopropyl (NH2) column were applied for a novel chromatographic separation for the determination of AMP, ADP and ATP in biological matrices. This novel IP-HILIC mechanism could be hypothesized by the ion-pairing reagent (DEA) in the mobile phase forming neutral and hydrophilic complexes with the analytes of polar organic acids. The IP-HILIC-MS/MS assay for adenine nucleotides was successfully validated with satisfactory linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and matrix effects. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) at 2.00ng/mL obtained for ATP showed a least 10-fold higher sensitivity than previous LC-MS/MS assays except nano-LC-MS/MS assay. In summary, this novel IP-HILIC-MS/MS assay provides a sensitive method for nucleotides bioanalysis and shows great potential to determine a number of organic acids in biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- Biomarker Research, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Annie D Walker
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhaosheng Lin
- Biomarker Research, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Xiaogang Han
- Biomarker Research, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Matthew Blatnik
- Biomarker Research, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Rick C Steenwyk
- Biomarker Research, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Groeber
- Biomarker Research, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Siegel D, Permentier H, Reijngoud DJ, Bischoff R. Chemical and technical challenges in the analysis of central carbon metabolites by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 966:21-33. [PMID: 24326023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with chemical and technical challenges in the analysis of small-molecule metabolites involved in central carbon and energy metabolism via liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). The covered analytes belong to the prominent pathways in biochemical carbon oxidation such as glycolysis or the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, for the most part, share unfavorable properties such as a high polarity, chemical instability or metal-affinity. The topic is introduced by selected examples on successful applications of metabolomics in the clinic. In the core part of the paper, the structural features of important analyte classes such as nucleotides, coenzyme A thioesters or carboxylic acids are linked to "problematic hotspots" along the analytical chain (sample preparation and-storage, separation and detection). We discuss these hotspots from a chemical point of view, covering issues such as analyte degradation or interactions with metals and other matrix components. Based on this understanding we propose solutions wherever available. A major notion derived from these considerations is that comprehensive carbon metabolomics inevitably requires multiple, complementary analytical approaches covering different chemical classes of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Siegel
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Antonius-Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar Permentier
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Antonius-Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Antonius-Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Seifar RM, Ras C, Deshmukh AT, Bekers KM, Suarez-Mendez CA, da Cruz AL, van Gulik WM, Heijnen JJ. Quantitative analysis of intracellular coenzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using ion pair reversed phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1311:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Zhang L, Cui L, Zhou G, Jing H, Guo Y, Sun W. Pterostilbene, a natural small-molecular compound, promotes cytoprotective macroautophagy in vascular endothelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:903-11. [PMID: 22898568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modulators of macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) have aroused widespread interest among biologists and clinical physicians because of their potential for disease therapy. Pterostilbene (PT), a natural small-molecular compound, has been demonstrated to inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether and how PT could induce VEC autophagy. PT at 0.5 or 1 μM could effectively induce autophagosome formation in human umbilical vein VECs (HUVECs). PT promoted autophagy via a rapid elevation in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) concentration and subsequent AMP-activated protein kinase α1 subunit (AMPKα1) activation, which in turn inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of autophagy. PT-induced AMPKα1 activation and autophagy were refractory to the depletion of serine/threonine kinase 11 but depended on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β activation. Interestingly, PT stimulated cytoprotective autophagy so as to aid in the removal of accumulated toxic oxLDL and inhibit apoptosis in HUVECs. Our study provides a potent small molecule enhancer of autophagy and a novel useful tool in exploring the molecular mechanisms for crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. PT could serve as a potential lead compound for developing a class of autophagy regulator as autophagy-related diseases therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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10
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Bornhorst J, Ebert F, Lohren H, Humpf HU, Karst U, Schwerdtle T. Effects of manganese and arsenic species on the level of energy related nucleotides in human cells. Metallomics 2012; 4:297-306. [PMID: 22266671 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt00164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellular adenine and pyridine nucleotides play important roles in the cellular energy and redox state. An imbalance in the cellular levels of these tightly regulated energy related nucleotides can lead to oxidative stress and thus is discussed to contribute to neurotoxic and carcinogenic processes. Here we established a reliable ion-pair reversed phase HPLC based method for the parallel quantification of six energy related nucleotides (ATP, ADP, ADP-ribose, AMP, NAD(+), NADH) in cells and subsequently applied it to determine effects of manganese and arsenic species in cultured human cells. In human lung cells, MnCl(2) (≥50 μM) decreased the levels of ATP, NAD(+) and NADH as well as the NAD(+)/NADH ratio. This reflects a decline in the cellular energy metabolism, most likely resulting from a disturbance of the mitochondrial function. In contrast, cultured astrocytes were more resistant towards manganese. Regarding the arsenicals, a disturbance of the cellular energy related nucleotides was detected in lung cells for arsenite (≥50 μM), monomethylarsonous (≥1 μM), dimethylarsinous (≥1 μM) and dimethylarsinic acid (≥100 μM). Thereby, the single arsenicals seem to disturb the cellular energy and redox state by different mechanisms. Taken together, this study provides further evidence that cellular energy related nucleotides serve as sensitive indicators for toxic species exposure. When searching for a molecular mechanism of toxic compounds, the data illustrate the necessity of quantifying several energy related nucleotides in parallel, especially since ATP depletion, redox state alterations and oxidative stress are known to potentiate each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bornhorst
- Graduate School of Chemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Wu J, Zhang F, Yan M, Wu D, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Zhou B, McBurney MW, Zhai Q. WldS enhances insulin transcription and secretion via a SIRT1-dependent pathway and improves glucose homeostasis. Diabetes 2011; 60:3197-207. [PMID: 21998399 PMCID: PMC3219932 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE Wld(S) (Wallerian degeneration slow), a fusion protein from a spontaneous mutation containing full-length nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1, has NAD biosynthesis activity and protects axon from degeneration robustly. NAD biosynthesis is also implicated in insulin secretion in β-cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Wld(S) on β-cells and glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the Wld(S) mice, we measured the expression of Wld(S) in pancreas and analyzed the effect of Wld(S) on glucose homeostasis. The direct effect of Wld(S) on insulin transcription and secretion and the related mechanisms was measured in isolated islets or β-cell lines. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), an NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, is involved in insulin secretion. Thus, Wld(S) mice with SIRT1 deficiency were generated to study whether the SIRT1-dependent pathway is involved. RESULTS Wld(S) is highly expressed in the pancreas and improves glucose homeostasis. Wld(S) mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia. Wld(S) increases insulin transcription dependent on its NAD biosynthesis activity and enhances insulin secretion. SIRT1 is required for the improved insulin transcription, secretion, and resistance to STZ-induced hyperglycemia caused by Wld(S). Moreover, Wld(S) associates with SIRT1 and increases NAD levels in the pancreas, causing the enhanced SIRT1 activity to downregulate uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression and upregulate ATP levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Wld(S) combines an insulinotropic effect with protection against β-cell failure and suggest that enhancing NAD biosynthesis in β-cells to increase SIRT1 activity could be a potential therapeutic approach for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael W. McBurney
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author: Qiwei Zhai,
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12
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Srivastava S, Suprasanna P, D'Souza SF. Redox state and energetic equilibrium determine the magnitude of stress in Hydrilla verticillata upon exposure to arsenate. PROTOPLASMA 2011; 248:805-15. [PMID: 21188438 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a potential hazard to plants' health, however the mechanisms of its toxicity are yet to be properly understood. To determine the impact of redox state and energetic in stress imposition, plants of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, which are known to be potential accumulator of As, were exposed to 100 and 500 μM arsenate (AsV) for 4 to 96 h. Plants demonstrated significant As accumulation with the maximum being at 500 μM after 96 h (568 μg g(-1) dry weight, dw). The accumulation of As led to a significant increase in the level of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and percentage of DNA degradation. In addition, the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes like NADPH oxidase and ascorbate oxidase also showed significant increases. These parameters collectively indicated oxidative stress, which in turn caused an increase in percentage of cell death. These negative effects were seemingly linked to an altered energetic and redox equilibrium [analyzed in terms of ATP/ADP, NADH/NAD, NADPH/NADP, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione, and ascorbate/dehydroascobate ratios]. Although there was significant increase in the levels of phytochelatins, the As chelating ligands, a large amount of As was presumably present as free ion particularly at 500 μM AsV, which supposedly produced toxic responses. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the magnitude of disturbance to redox and energetic equilibrium of plants upon AsV exposure determines the extent of toxicity to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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13
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Srivastava AK, Srivastava S, Penna S, D'Souza SF. Thiourea orchestrates regulation of redox state and antioxidant responses to reduce the NaCl-induced oxidative damage in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:676-86. [PMID: 21421325 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Thiourea (TU) has been found to enhance the stress tolerance of plants in our earlier field trials. In the present study, the TU mediated effect on the redox and antioxidant responses were studied in response to salinity (NaCl) stress in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) seedlings. Biochemical analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation revealed that TU supplementation to NaCl brought down their levels to near control values as compared to that of NaCl stress. These positive effects could be correlated to the significant increases in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging activity, in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG (reduced/oxidized glutathione) ratio and in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.1.5.1.1) and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) in NaCl+TU treatment as compared to that of NaCl treatment. Further, TU supplementation allowed plants to avoid an over-accumulation of pyridine nucleotides, to stimulate alternative pathways (through higher glycolate oxidase activity; EC 1.1.3.15) for channeling reducing equivalents and thus, to maintain the redox state to near control levels. These positive responses were also linked to an increased energy utilization (analyzed in terms of ATP/ADP ratio) and presumably to an early signaling of the stress through stimulated activity of ascorbate oxidase (EC 1.10.3.3), an important component of stress signaling. A significant reduction observed in the level of sodium ion (Na(+)) accumulation indicated that TU mediated tolerance is attributable to salt avoidance. Thus, the present study suggested that TU treatment regulated redox and antioxidant machinery to reduce the NaCl-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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14
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Wang Q, Liang B, Shirwany NA, Zou MH. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose treatment of endothelial cells induces autophagy by reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17234. [PMID: 21386904 PMCID: PMC3046135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular self-digestion process activated in response to stresses such as energy deprivation and oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms by which energy deprivation and oxidative stress trigger autophagy remain undefined. Here, we report that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) is required for autophagy in cultured endothelial cells. AMPK activity, ROS levels, and the markers of autophagy were monitored in confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) treated with the glycolysis blocker 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). Treatment of BAEC with 2-DG (5 mM) for 24 hours or with low concentrations of H(2)O(2) (100 µM) induced autophagy, including increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II, accumulation of GFP-tagged LC3 positive intracellular vacuoles, and increased fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. 2-DG-treatment also induced AMPK phosphorylation, which was blocked by either co-administration of two potent anti-oxidants (Tempol and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine) or overexpression of superoxide dismutase 1 or catalase in BAEC. Further, 2-DG-induced autophagy in BAEC was blocked by overexpressing catalase or siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPK. Finally, pretreatment of BAEC with 2-DG increased endothelial cell viability after exposure to hypoxic stress. Thus, AMPK is required for ROS-triggered autophagy in endothelial cells, which increases endothelial cell survival in response to cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Bin Liang
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Najeeb A. Shirwany
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Wadhawan S, Gautam S, Sharma A. Metabolic stress-induced programmed cell death in Xanthomonas. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 312:176-83. [PMID: 20958788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Xcg), an etiological agent of the bacterial pustule disease of soybean, displayed nutritionally regulated caspase-dependent programmed cell death (PCD). Experiments showed that Xcg was under metabolic stress during PCD, as evident from the intracellular accumulation of NADH and ATP. Further, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as confirmed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate labeling, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and scopoletin assay, was also observed along with the activation of caspase-3. ROS scavengers such as dimethylsulfoxide, glutathione, n-propyl gallate, and catalase significantly inhibited caspase biosynthesis as well as its activity, eventually leading to the inhibition of PCD. The presence of a sublethal concentration of an electron transport chain uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol, was found to reduce the ROS generation and the increase in the cell survival. These results indicated that Xcg cells grown in a protein-rich medium experienced metabolic stress due to electron leakage from the electron transport chain, leading to the generation of ROS and the expression as well as the activation of caspase-3, and resulting in PCD. A bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor, nalidixic acid, was also found to inhibit PCD. Gyrase, which regulates DNA superhelicity, and consequently DNA replication and cell multiplication, appears to be involved in the process.
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Tuckey NPL, Forster ME, Gieseg SP. Effects of rested harvesting on muscle metabolite concentrations and K-values in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fillets during storage at 15 degrees C. J Food Sci 2010; 75:C459-64. [PMID: 20629868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of harvesting procedures in aquaculture may also improve the quality and storage properties of the fish. The use of an anesthetic allows fish to be harvested with reduced stress and exhaustion, which affect fillet properties. We report here on the effects of rested harvesting on the postharvest metabolic profiles and K-values in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fillets stored near to the fish's acclimation temperature at 15 degrees C for 36 h. Fresh rested fillets were obtained by anesthesia with AQUI-S. They had high cut surface pHs (7.63) and high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (3.75 and 8.73 micromol g(-1) respectively), which depleted over 12 h. In contrast, fresh exhausted fillets had low cut surface pHs (6.66) and ATP and creatine phosphate were depleted. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) concentrations also remained significantly higher during the first 12 h of storage in rested fillets. In fresh rested fillets inosine monophosphate (IMP) concentrations reached maximum after 12 h storage (4.78 micromol g(-1)), whereas maximum IMP concentrations occurred immediately postharvest in the exhausted fillets (6.42 micromol g(-1)). After 36 h storage, K-values in exhausted fillets reached 52.11% compared to 19.27% in rested fillets. Rested harvesting of Chinook salmon improved the fillets' metabolic potential postharvest, extending metabolite depletion times, changing IMP concentrations and reducing K-values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P L Tuckey
- The New Zealand Inst. for Plant and Food Research Limited, P.O. Box 5114, Port Nelson, Nelson 7043, New Zealand.
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Cohen S, Jordheim LP, Megherbi M, Dumontet C, Guitton J. Liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of endogenous nucleotides and nucleotide analogs used in cancer therapy: a review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1912-28. [PMID: 20558114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides play a crucial role in cell function. The determination of their levels is of fundamental interest in numerous applications such as energy metabolism, biochemical processes, or in understanding the mechanism of nucleoside analog compounds. Nucleoside analogs are widely used in anticancer therapy. Their mechanisms of action are related to their structural similarity with natural nucleotides. Numerous assays have been described for the determination of endogenous nucleotides or anticancer nucleotide analogs in different matrices such as cellular cultures, tissue or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The determination of these compounds is challenging due to the large difference of concentrations between ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides, the presence of numerous endogenous interferences in complex matrices and the high polarity of the molecules due to the phosphate moiety. The extraction was generally performed at low temperature and was based on protein precipitation using acid or solvent mixture. This first phase could be coupled with extraction or cleaning step of the supernatant. Liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection and based on ion-exchange chromatography using non-volatile high salt concentrations was largely described for the quantification of nucleotides. However, the development of LC-MS and LC-MS/MS during the last ten years has constituted a sensitive and specific tool. In this case, analytical column was mostly constituted by graphite or C18 stationary phase. Mobile phase was usually based on a mixture of ammonium buffer and acetonitrile and in several assays included a volatile ion-pairing agent. Mass spectrometry detection was performed either with positive or negative electrospray mode according to compounds and mobile phase components. The purpose of the current review is to provide an overview of the most recent chromatographic assays (over the past ten years) developed for the determination of endogenous nucleotides and nucleotide analogs used in cancer therapy. We focused on sample preparation, chromatographic separation and quantitative considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Cohen
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de biochimie-toxicologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495, Pierre Bénite, France
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Swan HY, Yean LY, Feng HT. Determination of Chinese hamster ovary intracellular energy metabolites by capillary electrophoresis and LC/MS. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Guo X, Lidstrom ME. Physiological analysis of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 grown in continuous and batch cultures. Arch Microbiol 2006; 186:139-49. [PMID: 16821027 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-006-0131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemostat cultures of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 grown on methanol or succinate at a range of dilution rates were compared to batch cultures in terms of enzyme levels, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate content, and intracellular concentrations of adenine and pyridine nucleotides. In both chemostat and batch cultures, enzymes specific to C1 metabolism were up-regulated during growth on methanol and down-regulated during growth on succinate, polyhydroxybutyrate levels were higher on succinate, intracellular ATP levels and the energy charge were higher during growth on methanol, while the pools of reducing equivalents were higher during growth on succinate. For most of the tested parameters, little alteration occurred in response to growth rate. Overall, we conclude that the chemostat cultivation conditions developed in this study roughly mimic the growth in batch cultures, but provide a better control over the culturing conditions and a better data reproducibility, which are important for integrative functional studies. This study provides baseline data for future work using chemostat cultures, defining key similarities and differences in the physiology compared to existing batch culture data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352180, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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