1
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Lemos ASO, Campos LM, Souza TF, Paula PL, Da Silva JVG, Coimbra ES, Hottz ED, Dib PRB, Aguiar JAK, Grazul RM, Chedier LM, Fabri RL. Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Centrosema coriaceum using GC/MS, UFLC-QTOF-MS, and FACE. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200624. [PMID: 36479817 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, natural products with biological activities have been increasingly researched. The elucidation of phytoconstituents is necessary for the development of drugs as a natural alternative for the treatment of various diseases. The work aimed to evaluate in vitro and in silico bioactivities of hexane (CCHE) and methanol (CCME) fractions of ethanolic extract from Centrosema coriaceum Benth (Fabaceae) leaves and elucidate their phytoconstituents. CCHE and CCME showed antifungal activity for Candida glabrata (MIC of 1000 μg/mL) with fungistatic effect and action in cell envelope by sorbitol and ergosterol assays. CCHE and CCME presented promising antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical with IC50 of 13.61±0.50 and 6.31±0.40 μg/mL, respectively, and relative antioxidant activity (RAA%) of 45.77±3.61/ 28.53±2.25 % for CCHE and 82.18±2.25/51.99±3.23 % for CCME when compared to rutin and quercetin, respectively. Moreover, these fractions demonstrated promising results for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. For anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities, CCHE and CCME significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and TNF-α, without toxicity on murine intraperitoneal macrophages, respectively. Esters, alkanes, steroids, tocopherols, and terpenes were identified in CCHE by GC/MS. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, and disaccharides were detected in CCME by UFLC-QTOF-MS and FACE. Furthermore, rutin was purified from CCME. In silico predictions evidenced that compounds present in both fractions have high affinity to the fungal membrane besides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Based on these observations, CCHE and CCME have a noteworthy potential for the design of novel antifungal and anti-inflammatory agents that should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari S O Lemos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Lara M Campos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Thalita F Souza
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila L Paula
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - João Victor G Da Silva
- Glycoconjugate Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine S Coimbra
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology - Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de For a, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula R B Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de For a, MG, Brazil
| | - Jair A K Aguiar
- Glycoconjugate Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Richard M Grazul
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Chedier
- Departament of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Fabri
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
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2
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Robb M, Hobbs JK, Boraston AB. Separation and Visualization of Glycans by Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2657:215-222. [PMID: 37149534 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3151-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) is a method in which a fluorophore is covalently attached to the reducing end of carbohydrates, thereby allowing high-resolution separation by electrophoresis and visualization. This method can be used for carbohydrate profiling and sequencing, as well as for determining the specificity of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Here we describe and demonstrate the use of FACE to separate and visualize the glycans released following digestion of oligosaccharides by glycoside hydrolases (GHs) using two examples: (i) the digestion of chitobiose by the streptococcal β-hexosaminidase GH20C and (ii) the digestion of glycogen by the GH13 member SpuA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Robb
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne K Hobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Alisdair B Boraston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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3
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Rivas F, Erxleben D, Smith I, Rahbar E, DeAngelis PL, Cowman MK, Hall AR. Methods for isolating and analyzing physiological hyaluronan: a review. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C674-C687. [PMID: 35196167 PMCID: PMC8977137 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate hyaluronan (or hyaluronic acid, HA) is found in all human tissues and biofluids where it has wide-ranging functions in health and disease that are dictated by both its abundance and size. Consequently, hyaluronan evaluation in physiological samples has significant translational potential. Although the analytical tools and techniques for probing other biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids have become standard approaches in biochemistry, those available for investigating hyaluronan are less well established. In this review, we survey methods related to the assessment of native hyaluronan in biological specimens, including protocols for separating it from biological matrices and technologies for determining its concentration and molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rivas
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dorothea Erxleben
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ian Smith
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adam R Hall
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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4
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Lin KH, Kou HS, Lin YH, Wang CC. The matrix of SDS integrated with linear hydrophilic polymer for resolution of high- and low-molecular weight hyaluronic acids in MEKC. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 28:159-166. [PMID: 31883604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a multi-functional material, has a high dispersion in molecular weight, and the functions of HA are determined through the size. Nevertheless, hyaluronic acid mixtures are not easily separated due to their polydispersity. In this study, a capillary electrophoresis strategy was developed for resolution of different molecular-weight HA without enzymatic digestion. Here, hyaluronic acid mixtures with low molecular weight (380 kD; LHA) and high molecular weight (2180 kD; HHA) were successfully resolved by the SDS integrated with low molecular-weight polymer in capillary electrophoresis. By optimizing experimental conditions, the separation of LHA and HHA was completed within 14 min. The optimal conditions were as follows: the running buffer was 25 mM borate buffer (pH 9.75) containing 30 mM SDS and 10% polyethylene glycol (MW: 8000); applied voltage was 20 kV (detector at cathode side) and separation temperature was set at 25 °C. The data of method validation showed that calibration plots were linear (r ≥ 0.9977) over a range of 10-50 μg/mL for LHA, and 40-200 μg/mL for HHA. In the evaluation of precision and accuracy for this method, the RSD and RE values were all less than 4.2%. This fascinating technique was successfully applied to the quality control of cosmetic and pharmaceutical containing different ratios of LHA and HHA, and it was feasible for serving as a tool to quantitatively analyze different sizes of HA for clinical survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hung Lin
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hwang-Shang Kou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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5
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Sadowski R, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Recent Developments in the Separation of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Anticoagulants. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:166-176. [PMID: 28982317 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171005114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The general function of anticoagulants is to prevent blood clotting and growing of the existing clots in blood vessels. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in developing methods of prevention as well as pharmacologic and surgical treatment of thrombosis. For over the last two decades, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have found their application in the antithrombotic diseases treatment. These types of drugs are widely used in clinical therapy. Despite the biological and medical importance of LMWHs, they have not been completely characterized in terms of their chemical structure. Due to both, the structural complexity of these anticoagulants and the presence of impurities, their structural characterization requires the employment of advanced analytical techniques. Since separation techniques play the key role in these endeavors, this review will focus on the presentation of recent developments in the separation of LMWH anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Sadowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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6
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Green DE, DeAngelis PL. Identification of a chondroitin synthase from an unexpected source, the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. Glycobiology 2017; 27:469-476. [PMID: 28104786 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are known to be present in all animals as well as some pathogenic microbes. Chondroitin sulfate is the most abundant GAG in mammals where it has various structural and adhesion roles. The Gram-negative bacteria Pasteurella multocida Type F and Escherichia coli K4 produce extracellular capsules composed of unsulfated chondroitin or a fructosylated chondroitin, respectively. Such polysaccharides that are structurally related to host molecules do not generally provoke a strong antibody response thus are thought to be employed as molecular camouflage during infection. We observed a sequence from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria, Chlorobium phaeobacteroides DSM 266, which was very similar (~62% identical) to the open reading frames of the known bifunctional chondroitin synthases (PmCS and KfoC); some segments are strikingly conserved amongst the three proteins. Recombinant E. coli-derived Chlorobium enzyme preparations were found to possess bona fide chondroitin synthase activity in vitro. This new catalyst, CpCS, however, has a more promiscuous acceptor usage than the prototypical PmCS, which may be of utility in novel chimeric GAG syntheses. The finding of such a similar chondroitin synthase enzyme in C. phaeobacteroides is unexpected for several reasons including (a) a free-living nonpathogenic organism should not "need" an animal self molecule for protection, (b) the Proteobacteria and the green sulfur bacterial lineages diverged ~2.5-3 billion years ago and (c) the ecological niches of these bacteria are not thought to overlap substantially to facilitate horizontal gene transfer. CpCS provides insight into the structure/function relationship of this class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 853,Oklahoma City, OK73126-0901, USA
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 853,Oklahoma City, OK73126-0901, USA
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7
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Schultz VL, Zhang X, Linkens K, Rimel J, Green DE, DeAngelis PL, Linhardt RJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 4-Fluoro-N-Acetylhexosamine Uridine Diphosphate Donors: Chain Terminators in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2243-2248. [PMID: 28128958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugar donors, UDP-4-deoxy-4-fluoro-N-acetylglucosamine (4FGlcNAc) and UDP-4-deoxy-4-fluoro-N-acetylgalactosamine (4FGalNAc), were prepared using both chemical and chemoenzymatic syntheses relying on N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GlmU). The resulting unnatural UDP-sugar donors were then tested as substrates in glycosaminoglycan synthesis catalyzed by various synthases. UDP-4FGlcNAc was transferred onto an acceptor by Pastuerella multocida heparosan synthase 1 and subsequently served as a chain terminator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Kathryn Linkens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jenna Rimel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology , 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, United States
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology , 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
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8
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Separation and Visualization of Glycans by Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1588:215-221. [PMID: 28417372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6899-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) is a method in which a fluorophore is covalently attached to the reducing end of carbohydrates, thereby allowing visualization following high-resolution separation by electrophoresis. This method can be used for carbohydrate profiling and sequencing, as well as for the determination of the specificity of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Here, we describe and demonstrate the use of FACE to separate and visualize the glycans released following digestion of oligosaccharides by glycoside hydrolases (GHs) using two examples: (1) the digestion of chitobiose by the streptococcal β-hexosaminidase GH20C, and (2) the digestion of glycogen by the GH13 member SpuA.
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9
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Liu P, Liu D, Liu Y, Li L. ANTS-anchored Zn-Al-CO3-LDH particles as fluorescent probe for sensing of folic acid. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:300-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Capillary electrophoresis for total glycosaminoglycan analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4617-26. [PMID: 24817364 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence detection (CZE-LIF) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of disaccharides derived from heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate, hyaluronan, and keratan sulfate. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were first depolymerized with the mixture of GAG lyases (heparinase I, II, III and chondroitinase ABC and chondroitinase AC II) and GAG endohydrolase (keratinase II) and the resulting disaccharides were derivatized by reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone. Nineteen fluorescently labeled disaccharides were separated using 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.3) under reversed polarity at 25 kV. Using these conditions, all the disaccharides examined were baseline separated in less then 25 min. This CZE-LIF method gave good reproducibility for both migration time (≤1.03% for intraday and ≤4.4% for interday) and the peak area values (≤5.6% for intra- and ≤8.69% for interday). This CZE-LIF method was used for profiling and quantification of GAG derivative disaccharides in bovine cornea. The results show that the current CZE-LIF method offers fast, simple, sensitive, reproducible determination of disaccharides derived from total GAGs in a single run.
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12
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Enzymatic preparation and structural determination of oligosaccharides derived from sea cucumber (Acaudina molpadioides) fucoidan. Food Chem 2013; 139:702-9. [PMID: 23561164 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumber fucoidan is a major bioactive component of sea cucumber. Sea cucumber is widely consumed in East Asian countries as healthy food. Employing the degrading enzyme from the marine bacterium strain Flavobacteriaceae CZ1127, sea cucumber (Acaudina molpadioides) fucoidan oligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis. The oligosaccharide profile of the hydrolysate was determined by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). With the assistance of LC-MS, four major oligosaccharides in the hydrolysate were purified. By using tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, delicate structures of the oligosaccharides were verified as α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp(2,4OSO3(2-))-1→3-α-l-Fucp, α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp(2,4OSO3(2-))-1→3-α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp, α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp(2,4OSO3(2-))-1→3-α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp(2,4OSO3(2-))-1→3-α-l-Fucp and α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp(2,4OSO3(2-))-1→3-α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp(2,4OSO3(2-))-1→3-α-l-Fucp-1→3-α-l-Fucp.
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13
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Clemons TD, Fitzgerald M, Dunlop SA, Harvey AR, Iyer KS, Stubbs KA. An improved assay for the spectrophotometric determination of chondroitinase ABC activity. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Quantitative, small-scale, fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis implemented on a capillary electrophoresis-based DNA sequence analyzer. Anal Biochem 2011; 413:104-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Ruhaak LR, Zauner G, Huhn C, Bruggink C, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M. Glycan labeling strategies and their use in identification and quantification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3457-81. [PMID: 20225063 PMCID: PMC2911528 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Most methods for the analysis of oligosaccharides from biological sources require a glycan derivatization step: glycans may be derivatized to introduce a chromophore or fluorophore, facilitating detection after chromatographic or electrophoretic separation. Derivatization can also be applied to link charged or hydrophobic groups at the reducing end to enhance glycan separation and mass-spectrometric detection. Moreover, derivatization steps such as permethylation aim at stabilizing sialic acid residues, enhancing mass-spectrometric sensitivity, and supporting detailed structural characterization by (tandem) mass spectrometry. Finally, many glycan labels serve as a linker for oligosaccharide attachment to surfaces or carrier proteins, thereby allowing interaction studies with carbohydrate-binding proteins. In this review, various aspects of glycan labeling, separation, and detection strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Ruhaak
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G. Zauner
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C. Huhn
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C. Bruggink
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. M. Deelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Wuhrer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Buzzega D, Maccari F, Volpi N. Determination of molecular mass values of chondroitin sulfates by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:969-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Buzzega D, Maccari F, Volpi N. Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis for the determination of molecular mass of heparins and low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparins. Electrophoresis 2009; 29:4192-202. [PMID: 18844319 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) to determine the molecular mass (M) values of heparins (Heps) and low-molecular-weight (LMW)-Hep derivatives. Hep are labeled with 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid and FACE is able to resolve each fraction as a discrete band depending on their M. After densitometric acquisition, the migration distance of each Hep standard is acquired and the third-grade polynomial calibration standard curve is determined by plotting the logarithms of the M values as a function of migration ratio. Purified Hep samples having different properties, pharmaceutical Heps and various LMW-Heps were analyzed by both FACE and conventional high-performance size-exclusion liquid chromatography (HPSEC) methods. The molecular weight value on the top of the chromatographic peak (Mp), the number-average Mn, weight-average Mw and polydispersity (Mw/Mn) were examined by both techniques and found to be similar. This approach offers certain advantages over the HPSEC method. The derivatization process with 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid is complete after 4 h so that many samples may be analyzed in a day also considering that multiple samples can be run simultaneously and in parallel and that a single FACE analysis requires approx. 15 min. Furthermore, FACE is a very sensitive method as it requires approx. 5-10 microg of Heps, about 10-100-fold lower than samples and standards used in HPSEC evaluation. Finally, the utilization of mini-gels allows the use of very low amounts of reagents with neither expensive equipment nor any complicated procedures having to be applied. This study demonstrates that FACE analysis is a sensitive method for the determination of the M values of Heps and LMW-Heps with possible utilization in virtually any kind of research and development such as quality control laboratories due to its rapid, parallel analysis of multiple samples by means of common and simple largely used analytical laboratory equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Buzzega
- Department of Biologia Animale, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Viola M, Vigetti D, Karousou E, Bartolini B, Genasetti A, Rizzi M, Clerici M, Pallotti F, De Luca G, Passi A. New electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques for analysis of heparin and heparan sulfate. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3168-74. [PMID: 18633938 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heparin (HE) and heparan sulfated glycosaminoglycans are well-known mediators of tissue development, maintenance and functions; the activities of these polysaccharides are depending mainly on their sulfate substitutions. The HE structure is also a very important feature in antithrombotic drug development, since the antithrombin binding site is composed by sequences of a specific sulfation pattern. The analysis of disaccharide composition is then a fundamental point of all the studies regarding HE/heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (and thereby proteoglycan) functions. The present work describes two analytical methods to quantify the disaccharides constituting HE and heparan sulfate chains. The use of PAGE of fluorophore-labeled saccharides and HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector allowed in one run the identification of 90-95% of HE disaccharides and 74-100% of rat kidney purified heparan sulfate. Moreover, the protocol here reported avoid the N-sulfation disaccharides degradation, which may affect N-sulfated/N-acetylated disaccharides ratio evaluation. These methods could be also very important in clinical treatments since they are useful for monitoring the availability kinetics of antithrombotic drugs, such as low-molecular-weight HEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Viola
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Quantification and characterization of enzymatically produced hyaluronan with fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2008; 384:329-36. [PMID: 18948072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a polysaccharide with high-potential medical applications, depending on the chain length and the chain length distribution. Special interest goes to homogeneous HA oligosaccharides, which can be enzymatically produced using Pasteurella multocida hyaluronan synthase (PmHAS). We have developed a sensitive, simple, and fast method, based on fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE), for characterization and quantification of polymerization products. A chromatographic pure fluorescent template was synthesized from HA tetrasaccharide (HA4) and 2-aminobenzoic acid. HA4-fluor and HA4 were used as template for PmHAS-mediated polymerization of nucleotide sugars. All products, fluorescent and nonfluorescent, were analyzed with gel electrophoresis and quantified using lane densitometry. Comparison of HA4- and HA4-fluor-derived polymers showed that the fluorophore did not negatively influence the PmHAS-mediated polymerization. Only even-numbered oligosaccharide products were observed using HA4-fluor or HA4 as template. The fluorophore intensity was linearly related to its concentration, and the limit of detection was determined to be 7.4pmol per product band. With this assay, we can now differentiate oligosaccharides of size range DP2 (degree of polymerization 2) to approximately DP400, monitor the progress of polymerization reactions, and measure subtle differences in polymerization rate. Quantifying polymerization products enables us to study the influence of experimental conditions on HA synthesis.
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Zinellu A, Pisanu S, Zinellu E, Lepedda AJ, Cherchi GM, Sotgia S, Carru C, Deiana L, Formato M. A novel LIF-CE method for the separation of hyaluronan- and chondroitin sulfate-derived disaccharides: Application to structural and quantitative analyses of human plasma low- and high-charged chondroitin sulfate isomers. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2439-47. [PMID: 17577197 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The report describes a rapid and simple CE method using LIF detection for the analysis of unsaturated disaccharides obtained from enzymatic depolymerization of plasma chondroitin sulfate (CS) isomers. The disaccharide reducing groups were labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC). The fluorotagged products can be separated by reversed-polarity CE using a sodium acetate buffer, pH 3.8, in the presence of 0.05% methylcellulose. The choice of the appropriate electrophoretic conditions was performed after a deep analysis of the most important parameters affecting analyte separation. In particular, the effect of both run buffer concentration and pH on resolution, efficiency, migration times, and peak area was evaluated. The selected electrophoretic conditions allowed us to separate the CS isomers-derived Delta-disaccharides in less than 12 min, also resolving the nonsulfated disaccharides released from CS isomers from those released from hyaluronan (HA). Moreover, these conditions gave a good reproducibility of both the migration times (CV%, 0.25) and the peak areas (CV%, 1.4). Intra- and interassay CV were 5.37 and 7.23%, respectively, and analytical recovery was about 86%. The applicability of the above method to the quantitative and structural disaccharide analyses of plasma CS isomers was investigated. Data obtained from 44 healthy human subjects were compared with those obtained by a fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) reference assay, by using the Passing and Bablok regression and Bland-Altman tests. The developed method could represent a good tool for an ultrasensitive analysis of CS isomers in biological samples from different sources, particularly when samples are available in very low amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Cattedra di Biochimica Clinica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italia.
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Gowda ASP, Madhunapantula SV, Achur RN, Valiyaveettil M, Bhavanandan VP, Gowda DC. Structural basis for the adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to chondroitin 4-sulfate and design of novel photoactivable reagents for the identification of parasite adhesive proteins. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:916-28. [PMID: 17085451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604741200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A dodecasaccharide motif of the low-sulfated chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) mediate the binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (IRBCs) in human placenta. Here we studied the detailed C4S structural requirements by assessing the ability of chemically modified C4S to inhibit IRBC binding to the placental chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Replacement of the N-acetyl groups with bulky N-acyl or N-benzoyl substituents had no effect on the inhibitory activity of C4S, whereas reduction of the carboxyl groups abrogated the activity. Dermatan sulfates showed approximately 50% inhibitory activity when compared with C4Ss with similar sulfate contents. These data demonstrate that the C4S carboxyl groups and their equatorial orientation but not the N-acetyl groups are critical for IRBC binding. Conjugation of bulky substituents to the reducing end N-acetylgalactosamine residues of C4S dodecasaccharide had no effect on its inhibitory activity. Based on these results, we prepared photoaffinity reagents for the identification of the parasite proteins involved in C4S binding. Cross-linking of the IRBCs with a radioiodinated photoactivable C4S dodecasaccharide labeled a approximately 22-kDa novel parasite protein, suggesting strongly for the first time that a low molecular weight IRBC surface protein rather than a 200-400-kDa PfEMP1 is involved in C4S binding. Conjugation of biotin to the C4S dodecasaccharide photoaffinity probe afforded a strategy for the isolation of the labeled protein by avidin affinity precipitation, facilitating efforts to identify the C4S-adherent IRBC protein(s). Our results also have broader implications for designing oligosaccharide-based photoaffinity probes for the identification of proteins involved in glycosaminoglycan-dependent attachment of microbes to hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Prakasha Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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Busse K, Averbeck M, Anderegg U, Arnold K, Simon JC, Schiller J. The signal-to-noise ratio as a measure of HA oligomer concentration: a MALDI-TOF MS study. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1065-70. [PMID: 16584713 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) was used to determine ng amounts of defined hyaluronan (HA) oligomers obtained by enzymatic digestion of high molecular weight HA with testicular hyaluronate lyase. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the positive and negative ion spectra represents a reliable concentration measure: Amounts of HA down to about 40 fmol could be determined and there is a linear correlation between the S/N ratio and the HA amount between about 0.8 pmol and 40 fmol. However, the detection limits depend considerably on the size of the HA oligomer with larger oligomers being less sensitively detectable. The advantages and drawbacks of the S/N ratio as concentration measure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Busse
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
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