1
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Erxleben DA, Dodd RJ, Day AJ, Green DE, DeAngelis PL, Poddar S, Enghild JJ, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Watkins AR, Reesink HL, Rahbar E, Hall AR. Targeted Analysis of the Size Distribution of Heavy Chain-Modified Hyaluronan with Solid-State Nanopores. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1606-1613. [PMID: 38215004 PMCID: PMC11037269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) plays important roles in diverse physiological functions where the distribution of its molecular weight (MW) can influence its behavior and is known to change in response to disease conditions. During inflammation, HA undergoes a covalent modification in which heavy chain subunits of the inter-alpha-inhibitor family of proteins are transferred to its structure, forming heavy chain-HA (HC•HA) complexes. While limited assessments of HC•HA have been performed previously, determining the size distribution of its HA component remains a challenge. Here, we describe a selective method for extracting HC•HA from mixtures that yields material amenable to MW analysis with a solid-state nanopore sensor. After demonstrating the approach in vitro, we validate extraction of HC•HA from osteoarthritic human synovial fluid as a model complex biological matrix. Finally, we apply our technique to pathophysiology by measuring the size distributions of HC•HA and total HA in an equine model of synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea A. Erxleben
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Dodd
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Day
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Dixy E. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Suruchi Poddar
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, C 8000, Denmark
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda R. Watkins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Adam R. Hall
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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2
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Sheth V, Chen X, Mettenbrink EM, Yang W, Jones MA, M’Saad O, Thomas AG, Newport RS, Francek E, Wang L, Frickenstein AN, Donahue ND, Holden A, Mjema NF, Green DE, DeAngelis PL, Bewersdorf J, Wilhelm S. Quantifying Intracellular Nanoparticle Distributions with Three-Dimensional Super-Resolution Microscopy. ACS Nano 2023; 17:8376-8392. [PMID: 37071747 PMCID: PMC10643044 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy can transform our understanding of nanoparticle-cell interactions. Here, we established a super-resolution imaging technology to visualize nanoparticle distributions inside mammalian cells. The cells were exposed to metallic nanoparticles and then embedded within different swellable hydrogels to enable quantitative three-dimensional (3D) imaging approaching electron-microscopy-like resolution using a standard light microscope. By exploiting the nanoparticles' light scattering properties, we demonstrated quantitative label-free imaging of intracellular nanoparticles with ultrastructural context. We confirmed the compatibility of two expansion microscopy protocols, protein retention and pan-expansion microscopy, with nanoparticle uptake studies. We validated relative differences between nanoparticle cellular accumulation for various surface modifications using mass spectrometry and determined the intracellular nanoparticle spatial distribution in 3D for entire single cells. This super-resolution imaging platform technology may be broadly used to understand the nanoparticle intracellular fate in fundamental and applied studies to potentially inform the engineering of safer and more effective nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sheth
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Xuxin Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Evan M. Mettenbrink
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Wen Yang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Meredith A. Jones
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Ons M’Saad
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
- Panluminate, Inc. New Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Abigail G. Thomas
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Rylee S. Newport
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Emmy Francek
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Alex N. Frickenstein
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Nathan D. Donahue
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Alyssa Holden
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Nathan F. Mjema
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Dixy E. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73126, USA
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73126, USA
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510 USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
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3
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He P, Zhang X, Xia K, Green DE, Baytas S, Xu Y, Pham T, Liu J, Zhang F, Almond A, Linhardt RJ, DeAngelis PL. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of sulfur-linked sugar polymers as heparanase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7438. [PMID: 36460670 PMCID: PMC9718760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex carbohydrates (glycans) are major players in all organisms due to their structural, energy, and communication roles. This last essential role involves interacting and/or signaling through a plethora of glycan-binding proteins. The design and synthesis of glycans as potential drug candidates that selectively alter or perturb metabolic processes is challenging. Here we describe the first reported sulfur-linked polysaccharides with potentially altered conformational state(s) that are recalcitrant to digestion by heparanase, an enzyme important in human health and disease. An artificial sugar donor with a sulfhydryl functionality is synthesized and enzymatically incorporated into polysaccharide chains utilizing heparosan synthase. Used alone, this donor adds a single thio-sugar onto the termini of nascent chains. Surprisingly, in chain co-polymerization reactions with a second donor, this thiol-terminated heparosan also serves as an acceptor to form an unnatural thio-glycosidic bond ('S-link') between sugar residues in place of a natural 'O-linked' bond. S-linked heparan sulfate analogs are not cleaved by human heparanase. Furthermore, the analogs act as competitive inhibitors with > ~200-fold higher potency than expected; as a rationale, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the S-link polymer conformations mimic aspects of the transition state. Our analogs form the basis for future cancer therapeutics and modulators of protein/sugar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sultan Baytas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Truong Pham
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Andrew Almond
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1, 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.
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4
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Yang W, Frickenstein AN, Sheth V, Holden A, Mettenbrink EM, Wang L, Woodward AA, Joo BS, Butterfield SK, Donahue ND, Green DE, Thomas AG, Harcourt T, Young H, Tang M, Malik ZA, Harrison RG, Mukherjee P, DeAngelis PL, Wilhelm S. Controlling Nanoparticle Uptake in Innate Immune Cells with Heparosan Polysaccharides. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7119-7128. [PMID: 36048773 PMCID: PMC9486251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We used heparosan (HEP) polysaccharides for controlling nanoparticle delivery to innate immune cells. Our results show that HEP-coated nanoparticles were endocytosed in a time-dependent manner by innate immune cells via both clathrin-mediated and macropinocytosis pathways. Upon endocytosis, we observed HEP-coated nanoparticles in intracellular vesicles and the cytoplasm, demonstrating the potential for nanoparticle escape from intracellular vesicles. Competition with other glycosaminoglycan types inhibited the endocytosis of HEP-coated nanoparticles only partially. We further found that nanoparticle uptake into innate immune cells can be controlled by more than 3 orders of magnitude via systematically varying the HEP surface density. Our results suggest a substantial potential for HEP-coated nanoparticles to target innate immune cells for efficient intracellular delivery, including into the cytoplasm. This HEP nanoparticle surface engineering technology may be broadly used to develop efficient nanoscale devices for drug and gene delivery as well as possibly for gene editing and immuno-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Alex N. Frickenstein
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Vinit Sheth
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Alyssa Holden
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Evan M. Mettenbrink
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Alexis A. Woodward
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Bryan S. Joo
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Sarah K. Butterfield
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Nathan D. Donahue
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Dixy E. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Abigail G. Thomas
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Tekena Harcourt
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Hamilton Young
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Mulan Tang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Zain A. Malik
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Roger G. Harrison
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
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5
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Srimasorn S, Souter L, Green DE, Djerbal L, Goodenough A, Duncan JA, Roberts ARE, Zhang X, Débarre D, DeAngelis PL, Kwok JCF, Richter RP. A quartz crystal microbalance method to quantify the size of hyaluronan and other glycosaminoglycans on surfaces. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10980. [PMID: 35768463 PMCID: PMC9243130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of peri- and extra-cellular matrices and plays important roles in many biological processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. The abundance, size distribution and presentation of HA dictate its biological effects and are also useful indicators of pathologies and disease progression. Methods to assess the molecular mass of free-floating HA and other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are well established. In many biological and technological settings, however, GAGs are displayed on surfaces, and methods to obtain the size of surface-attached GAGs are lacking. Here, we present a method to size HA that is end-attached to surfaces. The method is based on the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and exploits that the softness and thickness of films of grafted HA increase with HA size. These two quantities are sensitively reflected by the ratio of the dissipation shift (ΔD) and the negative frequency shift (- Δf) measured by QCM-D upon the formation of HA films. Using a series of size-defined HA preparations, ranging in size from ~ 2 kDa tetrasaccharides to ~ 1 MDa polysaccharides, we establish a monotonic yet non-linear standard curve of the ΔD/ - Δf ratio as a function of HA size, which reflects the distinct conformations adopted by grafted HA chains depending on their size and surface coverage. We demonstrate that the standard curve can be used to determine the mean size of HA, as well as other GAGs, such as chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, of preparations of previously unknown size in the range from 1 to 500 kDa, with a resolution of better than 10%. For polydisperse samples, our analysis shows that the process of surface-grafting preferentially selects smaller GAG chains, and thus reduces the average size of GAGs that are immobilised on surfaces comparative to the original solution sample. Our results establish a quantitative method to size HA and other GAGs grafted on surfaces, and also highlight the importance of sizing GAGs directly on surfaces. The method should be useful for the development and quality control of GAG-based surface coatings in a wide range of research areas, from molecular interaction analysis to biomaterials coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Srimasorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Luke Souter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73126, USA
| | - Lynda Djerbal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ashleigh Goodenough
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James A Duncan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Abigail R E Roberts
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73126, USA
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ralf P Richter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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6
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Yang W, Wang L, Fang M, Sheth V, Zhang Y, Alyssa M. Holden, Donahue ND, Green DE, Frickenstein AN, Mettenbrink EM, Schwemley TA, Francek ER, Haddad M, Hossen MN, Mukherjee S, Wu S, DeAngelis PL, Wilhelm S. Nanoparticle Surface Engineering with Heparosan Polysaccharide Reduces Serum Protein Adsorption and Enhances Cellular Uptake. Nano Lett 2022; 22:2103-2111. [PMID: 35166110 PMCID: PMC9540343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle modification with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a widely used surface engineering strategy in nanomedicine. However, since the artificial PEG polymer may adversely impact nanomedicine safety and efficacy, alternative surface modifications are needed. Here, we explored the "self" polysaccharide heparosan (HEP) to prepare colloidally stable HEP-coated nanoparticles, including gold and silver nanoparticles and liposomes. We found that the HEP-coating reduced the nanoparticle protein corona formation as efficiently as PEG coatings upon serum incubation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the protein corona profiles. Heparosan-coated nanoparticles exhibited up to 230-fold higher uptake in certain innate immune cells, but not in other tested cell types, than PEGylated nanoparticles. No noticeable cytotoxicity was observed. Serum proteins did not mediate the high cell uptake of HEP-coated nanoparticles. Our work suggests that HEP polymers may be an effective surface modification technology for nanomedicines to safely and efficiently target certain innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Mulin Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Vinit Sheth
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Holden
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Nathan D. Donahue
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Dixy E. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Alex N. Frickenstein
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Evan M. Mettenbrink
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Tyler A. Schwemley
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Emmy R. Francek
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Majood Haddad
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Shirsha Mukherjee
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
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7
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Giubertoni G, Pérez de Alba Ortíz A, Bano F, Zhang X, Linhardt RJ, Green DE, DeAngelis PL, Koenderink GH, Richter RP, Ensing B, Bakker HJ. Strong Reduction of the Chain Rigidity of Hyaluronan by Selective Binding of Ca 2+ Ions. Macromolecules 2021; 54:1137-1146. [PMID: 33583956 PMCID: PMC7879427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
biological functions of natural polyelectrolytes are strongly
influenced by the presence of ions, which bind to the polymer chains
and thereby modify their properties. Although the biological impact
of such modifications is well recognized, a detailed molecular picture
of the binding process and of the mechanisms that drive the subsequent
structural changes in the polymer is lacking. Here, we study the molecular
mechanism of the condensation of calcium, a divalent cation, on hyaluronan,
a ubiquitous polymer in human tissues. By combining two-dimensional
infrared spectroscopy experiments with molecular dynamics simulations,
we find that calcium specifically binds to hyaluronan at millimolar
concentrations. Because of its large size and charge, the calcium
cation can bind simultaneously to the negatively charged carboxylate
group and the amide group of adjacent saccharide units. Molecular
dynamics simulations and single-chain force spectroscopy measurements
provide evidence that the binding of the calcium ions weakens the
intramolecular hydrogen-bond network of hyaluronan, increasing the
flexibility of the polymer chain. We also observe that the binding
of calcium to hyaluronan saturates at a maximum binding fraction of
∼10–15 mol %. This saturation indicates that the binding
of Ca2+ strongly reduces the probability of subsequent
binding of Ca2+ at neighboring binding sites, possibly
as a result of enhanced conformational fluctuations and/or electrostatic
repulsion effects. Our findings provide a detailed molecular picture
of ion condensation and reveal the severe effect of a few, selective
and localized electrostatic interactions on the rigidity of a polyelectrolyte
chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Pérez de Alba Ortíz
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fouzia Bano
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
| | - Xing Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, 12180 New York, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, 12180 New York, United States
| | - Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, 73104 Oklahoma, United States
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, 73104 Oklahoma, United States
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf P Richter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
| | - Bernd Ensing
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib J Bakker
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Jing W, Roberts JW, Green DE, Almond A, DeAngelis PL. Synthesis and characterization of heparosan-granulocyte-colony stimulating factor conjugates: a natural sugar-based drug delivery system to treat neutropenia. Glycobiology 2018; 27:1052-1061. [PMID: 28973394 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many injectable drugs require delivery strategies for enhancing their pharmacokinetics due to rapid loss via renal filtration if possess low molecular weight (<60-70 kDa) and/or clearance by the body's components (e.g., proteases, antibodies, high-efficiency receptors) in their native form. FDA-approved polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a vehicle for improving therapeutics, but artificial polymers have potential biocompatibility and immunogenicity liabilities. Here, we utilized a natural vertebrate carbohydrate, heparosan (HEP), the biosynthetic precursor of heparan sulfate and heparin, to enhance performance of a biologic drug. The HEP polysaccharide was stable with a long half-life (~8 days for 99-kDa chain) in the nonhuman primate bloodstream, but was efficiently degraded to very short oligosaccharides when internalized by cells, and then excreted into urine and feces. Several HEP-modified human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) conjugates were synthesized with defined quasi-monodisperse HEP polysaccharide chains. Single dosing of 55- or 99-kDa HEP-G-CSF in rats increased blood neutrophil levels comparable to PEG-G-CSF conjugates. Repeated dosing of HEP-G-CSF or HEP alone for 2 weeks did not cause HEP-specific toxic effects in rats. HEP did not possess the anticoagulant behavior of its daughter, heparin, based on testing in rats or clinical diagnostic assays with human plasma. Neither anti-HEP IgG nor IgM antibodies were detected in a long-term (9 doses over 7 months) immunogenicity study of the HEP-drug conjugate with rats. These proof-of-concept experiments with HEP-G-CSF indicate that it is a valid drug candidate for neutropenia and suggest the potential of this HEP-based platform as a safe alternative delivery vehicle for other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing
- Caisson Biotech, LLC, 655 Research Parkway, Suite 525, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jonathan W Roberts
- Caisson Biotech, LLC, 655 Research Parkway, Suite 525, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dixy E Green
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126, USA
| | - Andrew Almond
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126, USA
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9
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Zhang X, Green DE, Schultz VL, Lin L, Han X, Wang R, Yaksic A, Kim SY, DeAngelis PL, Linhardt RJ. Synthesis of 4-Azido-N-acetylhexosamine Uridine Diphosphate Donors: Clickable Glycosaminoglycans. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9910-9915. [PMID: 28813597 PMCID: PMC7558457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Unnatural chemically modified nucleotide sugars UDP-4-N3-GlcNAc and UDP-4-N3-GalNAc were chemically synthesized for the first time. These unnatural UDP sugar products were then tested for incorporation into hyaluronan, heparosan, or chondroitin using polysaccharide synthases. UDP-4-N3-GlcNAc served as a chain termination substrate for hyaluronan or heparosan synthases; the resulting 4-N3-GlcNAc-terminated hyaluronan and heparosan were then successfully conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 DIBO alkyne, demonstrating that this approach is generally applicable for labeling and detection of suitable glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Dixy E. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, United States
| | - Victor L. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Lei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ruitong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Alexander Yaksic
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, United States
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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10
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Green DE, DeAngelis PL. Identification of a chondroitin synthase from an unexpected source, the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. Glycobiology 2017; 27:469-476. [PMID: 28104786 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are known to be present in all animals as well as some pathogenic microbes. Chondroitin sulfate is the most abundant GAG in mammals where it has various structural and adhesion roles. The Gram-negative bacteria Pasteurella multocida Type F and Escherichia coli K4 produce extracellular capsules composed of unsulfated chondroitin or a fructosylated chondroitin, respectively. Such polysaccharides that are structurally related to host molecules do not generally provoke a strong antibody response thus are thought to be employed as molecular camouflage during infection. We observed a sequence from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria, Chlorobium phaeobacteroides DSM 266, which was very similar (~62% identical) to the open reading frames of the known bifunctional chondroitin synthases (PmCS and KfoC); some segments are strikingly conserved amongst the three proteins. Recombinant E. coli-derived Chlorobium enzyme preparations were found to possess bona fide chondroitin synthase activity in vitro. This new catalyst, CpCS, however, has a more promiscuous acceptor usage than the prototypical PmCS, which may be of utility in novel chimeric GAG syntheses. The finding of such a similar chondroitin synthase enzyme in C. phaeobacteroides is unexpected for several reasons including (a) a free-living nonpathogenic organism should not "need" an animal self molecule for protection, (b) the Proteobacteria and the green sulfur bacterial lineages diverged ~2.5-3 billion years ago and (c) the ecological niches of these bacteria are not thought to overlap substantially to facilitate horizontal gene transfer. CpCS provides insight into the structure/function relationship of this class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 853,Oklahoma City, OK73126-0901, USA
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 853,Oklahoma City, OK73126-0901, USA
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11
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Schultz V, Suflita M, Liu X, Zhang X, Yu Y, Li L, Green DE, Xu Y, Zhang F, DeAngelis PL, Liu J, Linhardt RJ. Heparan Sulfate Domains Required for Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 and 2 Signaling through Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1c. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2495-2509. [PMID: 28031461 PMCID: PMC5313116 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.761585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A small library of well defined heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides was chemoenzymatically synthesized and used for a detailed structure-activity study of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 and FGF2 signaling through FGF receptor (FGFR) 1c. The HS polysaccharide tested contained both undersulfated (NA) domains and highly sulfated (NS) domains as well as very well defined non-reducing termini. This study examines differences in the HS selectivity of the positive canyons of the FGF12-FGFR1c2 and FGF22-FGFR1c2 HS binding sites of the symmetric FGF2-FGFR2-HS2 signal transduction complex. The results suggest that FGF12-FGFR1c2 binding site prefers a longer NS domain at the non-reducing terminus than FGF22-FGFR1c2 In addition, FGF22-FGFR1c2 can tolerate an HS chain having an N-acetylglucosamine residue at its non-reducing end. These results clearly demonstrate the different specificity of FGF12-FGFR1c2 and FGF22-FGFR1c2 for well defined HS structures and suggest that it is now possible to chemoenzymatically synthesize precise HS polysaccharides that can selectively mediate growth factor signaling. These HS polysaccharides might be useful in both understanding and controlling the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of cells in stem cell therapies, wound healing, and the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinyue Liu
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Xing Zhang
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Yanlei Yu
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Lingyun Li
- the Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201
| | - Dixy E Green
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, and
| | - Yongmei Xu
- the Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Fuming Zhang
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, and
| | - Jian Liu
- the Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology,
- Biology
- Biomedical Engineering, and
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
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12
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Schultz VL, Zhang X, Linkens K, Rimel J, Green DE, DeAngelis PL, Linhardt RJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 4-Fluoro-N-Acetylhexosamine Uridine Diphosphate Donors: Chain Terminators in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2243-2248. [PMID: 28128958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugar donors, UDP-4-deoxy-4-fluoro-N-acetylglucosamine (4FGlcNAc) and UDP-4-deoxy-4-fluoro-N-acetylgalactosamine (4FGalNAc), were prepared using both chemical and chemoenzymatic syntheses relying on N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GlmU). The resulting unnatural UDP-sugar donors were then tested as substrates in glycosaminoglycan synthesis catalyzed by various synthases. UDP-4FGlcNAc was transferred onto an acceptor by Pastuerella multocida heparosan synthase 1 and subsequently served as a chain terminator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Kathryn Linkens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jenna Rimel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology , 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, United States
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology , 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
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13
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Li G, Masuko S, Green DE, Xu Y, Li L, Zhang F, Xue C, Liu J, DeAngelis PL, Linhardt RJ. N-sulfotestosteronan, a novel substrate for heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferases and its analysis by oxidative degradation. Biopolymers 2016; 99:675-85. [PMID: 23606289 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Testosteronan, an unusual glycosaminoglycan (GAG) first isolated from the microbe Comamonas testosteroni, was enzymatically synthesized in vitro by transferring uridine diphosphate sugars on β-p-nitrophenyl glucuronide acceptor. After chemically converting testosteronan to N-sulfotestosteronan it was tested as a substrate for sulfotransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the GAG, heparan sulfate. Studies using (35) S-labeled 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) showed that only 6-O-sulfotransferases acted on N-sulfotestosteronan. An oxidative depolymerization reaction was explored to generate oligosaccharides from (34) S-labeled 6-O-sulfo-N-sulfotestosteroran using (34) S-labeled PAPS because testosteronan was resistant to all of the tested GAG-degrading enzymes. Liquid chromotography-mass spectrometric analysis of the oxidatively depolymerized polysaccharides confirmed the incorporation of (34) S into ∼14% of the glucosamine residues. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy also showed that the sulfo groups were transferred to ∼20% of the 6-hydroxyl groups in the glucosamine residue of N-sulfotestosteronan. The bioactivity of 6-O-sulfo-N-sulfotestosteronan was examined by performing protein-binding studies with fibroblast growth factors and antithrombin (AT) III using a surface plasmon resonance competition assay. The introduction of 6-O-sulfo groups enhanced N-sulfotestosteronan binding to the fibroblast growth factors, but not to AT III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China, 266003; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180; Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180
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14
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Krishnamoorthy D, Frechette DM, Adler BJ, Green DE, Chan ME, Rubin CT. Marrow adipogenesis and bone loss that parallels estrogen deficiency is slowed by low-intensity mechanical signals. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:747-56. [PMID: 26323329 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ovariectomized mice were used to assess the ability of low-intensity vibrations to protect bone microarchitecture and marrow composition. Results indicate that low-intensity vibrations (LIV), introduced 2 weeks postsurgery, slows marrow adipogenesis in OVX mice but does not restore the bone within the period studied. However, immediate application of LIV partially protects quality. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate consequences of estrogen depletion on bone marrow (BM) phenotype and bone microarchitecture, and effects of mechanical signals delivered as LIV on modulating these changes. METHODS LIV (0.3 g, 90 Hz) was applied to C57BL/6 mice immediately following ovariectomy or 2 weeks postestrogen withdrawal for 2 (ST-LIV) or 6 weeks (LT-LIV), respectively. Sham-operated age-matched controls (ST-AC, LT-AC) and ovariectomized controls (ST-OVX, LT-OVX) received sham LIV treatment. Bone microstructure was evaluated through μCT and BM adipogenesis through histomorphometry, serum markers, and genes expression analysis. RESULTS LT-OVX increased BM adipogenesis relative to LT-AC (+136 %, p ≤ 0.05), while LT-LIV introduced for 6w suppressed this adipose encroachment (-55 %, p ≤ 0.05). In parallel with the fatty marrow, LT-OVX showed a marked loss of trabecular bone, -40 % (p ≤ 0.05) in the first 2 weeks following ovariectomy compared to LT-AC. Application of LT-LIV for 6w following this initial 2w bone loss failed to restore the lost trabeculae but did initiate an anabolic response as indicated by increased serum alkaline phosphatase (+26 %, p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, application of LIV immediately following ovariectomy was more efficacious in the protection of trabecular bone, with a +29 % (p > 0.05) greater BV/TV compared to ST-OVX at the 2w time period. CONCLUSIONS LIV can mitigate adipocyte accumulation in OVX marrow and protect it by favoring osteoblastogenesis over adipogenesis. These data also emphasize the rapidity of bone loss with OVX and provide perspective in the timing of treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis where sooner is better than later.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - D M Frechette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - B J Adler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - D E Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - M E Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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15
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Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the transfer of heavy chains (HCs) from inter-α-inhibitor, via the enzyme TSG-6 (tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6), to hyaluronan (HA) oligosaccharides is an irreversible event in which subsequent swapping of HCs between HA molecules does not occur. We now describe our results of HC transfer experiments to chondroitin sulfate A, chemically desulfated chondroitin, chemoenzymatically synthesized chondroitin, unsulfated heparosan, heparan sulfate, and alginate. Of these potential HC acceptors, only chemically desulfated chondroitin and chemoenzymatically synthesized chondroitin were HC acceptors. The kinetics of HC transfer to chondroitin was similar to HA. At earlier time points, HCs were more widely distributed among the different sizes of chondroitin chains. As time progressed, the HCs migrated to lower molecular weight chains of chondroitin. Our interpretation is that TSG-6 swaps the HCs from the larger, reversible sites on chondroitin chains, which function as HC acceptors, onto smaller chondroitin chains, which function as irreversible HC acceptors. HCs transferred to smaller chondroitin chains were unable to be swapped off the smaller chondroitin chains and transferred to HA. HCs transferred to high molecular weight HA were unable to be swapped onto chondroitin. We also present data that although chondroitin was a HC acceptor, HA was the preferred acceptor when chondroitin and HA were in the same reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Lauer
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Dixy E Green
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126
| | - Anthony Calabro
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
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16
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Higman VA, Briggs DC, Mahoney DJ, Blundell CD, Sattelle BM, Dyer DP, Green DE, DeAngelis PL, Almond A, Milner CM, Day AJ. A refined model for the TSG-6 link module in complex with hyaluronan: use of defined oligosaccharides to probe structure and function. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:5619-34. [PMID: 24403066 PMCID: PMC3937638 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.542357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is an inflammation-associated hyaluronan (HA)-binding protein that contributes to remodeling of HA-rich extracellular matrices during inflammatory processes and ovulation. The HA-binding domain of TSG-6 consists solely of a Link module, making it a prototypical member of the superfamily of proteins that interacts with this high molecular weight polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharides of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Previously we modeled a complex of the TSG-6 Link module in association with an HA octasaccharide based on the structure of the domain in its HA-bound conformation. Here we have generated a refined model for a HA/Link module complex using novel restraints identified from NMR spectroscopy of the protein in the presence of 10 distinct HA oligosaccharides (from 4- to 8-mers); the model was then tested using unique sugar reagents, i.e. chondroitin/HA hybrid oligomers and an octasaccharide in which a single sugar ring was (13)C-labeled. The HA chain was found to make more extensive contacts with the TSG-6 surface than thought previously, such that a D-glucuronic acid ring makes stacking and ionic interactions with a histidine and lysine, respectively. Importantly, this causes the HA to bend around two faces of the Link module (resembling the way that HA binds to CD44), potentially providing a mechanism for how TSG-6 can reorganize HA during inflammation. However, the HA-binding site defined here may not play a role in TSG-6-mediated transfer of heavy chains from inter-α-inhibitor onto HA, a process known to be essential for ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Higman
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Briggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom, and
| | - David J. Mahoney
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Charles D. Blundell
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom, and
| | - Benedict M. Sattelle
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom, and
| | - Douglas P. Dyer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom, and
| | - Dixy E. Green
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Andrew Almond
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom, and
| | - Caroline M. Milner
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom, and
| | - Anthony J. Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom, and
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17
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Sterner E, Masuko S, Li G, Li L, Green DE, Otto NJ, Xu Y, DeAngelis PL, Liu J, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Fibroblast growth factor-based signaling through synthetic heparan sulfate blocks copolymers studied using high cell density three-dimensional cell printing. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9754-65. [PMID: 24563485 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.546937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Four well-defined heparan sulfate (HS) block copolymers containing S-domains (high sulfo group content) placed adjacent to N-domains (low sulfo group content) were chemoenzymatically synthesized and characterized. The domain lengths in these HS block co-polymers were ~40 saccharide units. Microtiter 96-well and three-dimensional cell-based microarray assays utilizing murine immortalized bone marrow (BaF3) cells were developed to evaluate the activity of these HS block co-polymers. Each recombinant BaF3 cell line expresses only a single type of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) but produces neither HS nor fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). In the presence of different FGFs, BaF3 cell proliferation showed clear differences for the four HS block co-polymers examined. These data were used to examine the two proposed signaling models, the symmetric FGF2-HS2-FGFR2 ternary complex model and the asymmetric FGF2-HS1-FGFR2 ternary complex model. In the symmetric FGF2-HS2-FGFR2 model, two acidic HS chains bind in a basic canyon located on the top face of the FGF2-FGFR2 protein complex. In this model the S-domains at the non-reducing ends of the two HS proteoglycan chains are proposed to interact with the FGF2-FGFR2 protein complex. In contrast, in the asymmetric FGF2-HS1-FGFR2 model, a single HS chain interacts with the FGF2-FGFR2 protein complex through a single S-domain that can be located at any position within an HS chain. Our data comparing a series of synthetically prepared HS block copolymers support a preference for the symmetric FGF2-HS2-FGFR2 ternary complex model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sterner
- From the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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18
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Tamler R, Dunn AS, Green DE, Skamagas M, Breen TL, Looker HC, LeRoith D. Effect of online diabetes training for hospitalists on inpatient glycaemia. Diabet Med 2013; 30:994-8. [PMID: 23398488 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM An online diabetes course for medical residents led to lower patient blood glucose, but also increased hypoglycaemia despite improved trainee confidence and knowledge. Based on these findings, we determined whether an optimized educational intervention delivered to hospitalists (corresponding to an Acute Physician or Specialist in Acute Hospital Medicine in the UK) improved inpatient glycaemia without concomitant hypoglycaemia. METHODS All 22 hospitalists at an academic medical centre were asked to participate in an online curriculum on the management of inpatient dysglycaemia in autumn 2009 and a refresher course in spring 2010. RESULTS All hospitalists completed the initial intervention. Median event blood glucose decreased from 9.3 mmol/l (168 mg/dl) pre-intervention to 7.8 mmol/l (141 mg/dl) post-intervention and 8.5 mmol/l (153 mg/dl) post-refresher (P < 0.001 for both). Hospitalizations categorized as hyperglycaemia decreased from 83.3 to 55.6% (P = 0.014), with a trend towards euglycaemia (10-28.9%, P = 0.08) and no change in hypoglycaemia. Hyperglycaemic patient-days decreased from 72.0 to 57.3% (P = 0.004), with greater target glycaemia (27.3-39.4%, P = 0.016) and no change in hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS An optimized online educational intervention delivered to hospitalists yielded significant improvements in inpatient glycaemia without increased hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tamler
- Hilda & J. Lester Gabrilove Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Masuko S, Bera S, Green DE, Weïwer M, Liu J, DeAngelis PL, Linhardt RJ. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of uridine diphosphate-GlcNAc and uridine diphosphate-GalNAc analogs for the preparation of unnatural glycosaminoglycans. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1449-56. [PMID: 22239739 DOI: 10.1021/jo202322k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eight N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate and N-acetylgalactosamine-1-phosphate analogs have been synthesized chemically and were tested for their recognition by the GlmU uridyltransferase enzyme. Among these, only substrates that have an amide linkage to the C-2 nitrogen were transferred by GlmU to afford their corresponding uridine diphosphate(UDP)-sugar nucleotides. Resin-immobilized GlmU showed comparable activity to nonimmobilized GlmU and provides a more facile final step in the synthesis of an unnatural UDP-donor. The synthesized unnatural UDP-donors were tested for their activity as substrates for glycosyltransferases in the preparation of unnatural glycosaminoglycans in vitro. A subset of these analogs was useful as donors, increasing the synthetic repertoire for these medically important polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Masuko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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20
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Otto NJ, Green DE, Masuko S, Mayer A, Tanner ME, Linhardt RJ, DeAngelis PL. Structure/function analysis of Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthases: toward defining enzyme specificity and engineering novel catalysts. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:7203-12. [PMID: 22235128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.311704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthases, PmHS1 and PmHS2, are homologous (∼65% identical) bifunctional glycosyltransferase proteins found in Type D Pasteurella. These unique enzymes are able to generate the glycosaminoglycan heparosan by polymerizing sugars to form repeating disaccharide units from the donor molecules UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). Although these isozymes both generate heparosan, the catalytic phenotypes of these isozymes are quite different. Specifically, during in vitro synthesis, PmHS2 is better able to generate polysaccharide in the absence of exogenous acceptor (de novo synthesis) than PmHS1. Additionally, each of these enzymes is able to generate polysaccharide using unnatural sugar analogs in vitro, but they exhibit differences in the substitution patterns of the analogs they will employ. A series of chimeric enzymes has been generated consisting of various portions of both of the Pasteurella heparosan synthases in a single polypeptide chain. In vitro radiochemical sugar incorporation assays using these purified chimeric enzymes have shown that most of the constructs are enzymatically active, and some possess novel characteristics including the ability to produce nearly monodisperse polysaccharides with an expanded range of sugar analogs. Comparison of the kinetic properties and the sequences of the wild-type enzymes with the chimeric enzymes has enabled us to identify regions that may be responsible for some aspects of both donor binding specificity and acceptor usage. In combination with previous work, these approaches have enabled us to better understand the structure/function relationship of this unique family of glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Otto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, USA
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21
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Weïwer M, Sherwood T, Green DE, Chen M, DeAngelis PL, Liu J, Linhardt RJ. Synthesis of uridine 5'-diphosphoiduronic acid: a potential substrate for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7631-7. [PMID: 18759479 PMCID: PMC2639712 DOI: 10.1021/jo801409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An improved understanding of the biological activities of heparin requires structurally defined heparin oligosaccharides. The chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides relies on glycosyltransferases that use UDP-sugar nucleotides as donors. Uridine 5'-diphosphoiduronic acid (UDP-IdoA) and uridine 5'-diphosphohexenuronic acid (UDP-HexUA) have been synthesized as potential analogues of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) for enzymatic incorporation into heparin oligosaccharides. Non-natural UDP-IdoA and UDP-HexUA were tested as substrates for various glucuronosyltransferases to better understand enzyme specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Weïwer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Trevor Sherwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Dixy E. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Miao Chen
- University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, CB no. 7360 Beard Hall, Room 309, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jian Liu
- University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, CB no. 7360 Beard Hall, Room 309, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180
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Sismey-Ragatz AE, Green DE, Otto NJ, Rejzek M, Field RA, DeAngelis PL. Chemoenzymatic synthesis with distinct Pasteurella heparosan synthases: monodisperse polymers and unnatural structures. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:28321-28327. [PMID: 17627940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701599200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparosan (-GlcUA-beta1,4-GlcNAc-alpha1,4-)(n) is a member of the glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide family found in the capsule of certain pathogenic bacteria as well as the precursor for the vertebrate polymers, heparin and heparan sulfate. The two heparosan synthases from the Gram-negative bacteria Pasteurella multocida, PmHS1 and PmHS2, were efficiently expressed and purified using maltose-binding protein fusion constructs. These relatively homologous synthases displayed distinct catalytic characteristics. PmHS1, but not PmHS2, was able to produce large molecular mass (100-800 kDa) monodisperse polymers in synchronized, stoichiometrically controlled reactions in vitro. PmHS2, but not PmHS1, was able to utilize many unnatural UDP-sugar analogs (including substrates with acetamido-containing uronic acids or longer acyl chain hexosamine derivatives) in vitro. Overall these findings reveal potential differences in the active sites of these two Pasteurella enzymes. In the future, these catalysts should allow the creation of a variety of heparosan and heparinoids with utility for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Sismey-Ragatz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Nigel J Otto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.
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Ihnat MA, Thorpe JE, Kamat CD, Szabó C, Green DE, Warnke LA, Lacza Z, Cselenyák A, Ross K, Shakir S, Piconi L, Kaltreider RC, Ceriello A. Reactive oxygen species mediate a cellular 'memory' of high glucose stress signalling. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1523-31. [PMID: 17508197 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A long-term 'memory' of hyperglycaemic stress, even when glycaemia is normalised, has been previously reported in endothelial cells. In this report we sought to duplicate and extend this finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS HUVECs and ARPE-19 retinal cells were incubated in 5 or in 30 mmol/l glucose for 3 weeks or subjected to 1 week of normal glucose after being exposed for 2 weeks to continuous high glucose. HUVECs were also treated in this last condition with several antioxidants. Similarly, four groups of rats were studied for 3 weeks: (1) normal rats; (2) diabetic rats not treated with insulin; (3) diabetic rats treated with insulin during the last week; and (4) diabetic rats treated with insulin plus alpha-lipoic acid in the last week. RESULTS In human endothelial cells and ARPE-19 retinal cells in culture, as well as in the retina of diabetic rats, levels of the following markers of high glucose stress remained induced for 1 week after levels of glucose had normalised: protein kinase C-beta, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47phox, BCL-2-associated X protein, 3-nitrotyrosine, fibronectin, poly(ADP-ribose) Blockade of reactive species using different approaches, i.e. the mitochondrial antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid, overexpression of uncoupling protein 2, oxypurinol, apocynin and the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor PJ34, interrupted the induction both of high glucose stress markers and of the fluorescent reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe CM-H(2)DCFDA in human endothelial cells. Similar results were obtained in the retina of diabetic rats with alpha-lipoic acid added to the last week of normalised glucose. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results provide proof-of-principle of a ROS-mediated cellular persistence of vascular stress after glucose normalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ihnat
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Kamat CD, Green DE, Warnke L, Thorpe JE, Ceriello A, Ihnat MA. Mutant p53 facilitates pro-angiogenic, hyperproliferative phenotype in response to chronic relative hypoxia. Cancer Lett 2007; 249:209-19. [PMID: 16997458 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is much controversy in the literature regarding the role of p53 status response on hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling in response to chronic relative hypoxia (CRH). The goal of this paper was to methodically examine this response in isogenically matched tumor cells. We report that p53-mutant (MUT) cells, versus p53-wild-type (WT) cells, showed decreased apoptosis, increased cell proliferation with higher basal HIF-1alpha levels in response to CRH. In addition, we found increased HIF-mediated transactivation and increased VEGF release with decreased HIF-1alpha/p53 and HIF-1alpha/MDM-2 partnering in p53-MUT versus p53-WT cells in response to CRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar D Kamat
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 726 BMSB, 940 S.L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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25
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Ihnat MA, Kaltreider RC, Thorpe JE, Green DE, Kamat CD, Leeper M, Shanner AC, Warnke LA, Piconi L, Ceriello A. Attenuated Superoxide Dismutase Induction in Retinal Cells in Response to Intermittent High Versus Continuous High Glucose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2007.16.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Booth
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Dewan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Cambridge
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Green DE, Stickland LH, Tarr HL. Studies on reversible dehydrogenase systems: Carrier-linked reactions between isolated dehydrogenases. Biochem J 2006; 28:1812-24. [PMID: 16745580 PMCID: PMC1253405 DOI: 10.1042/bj0281812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Cambridge
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- D Herbert
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Cambridge
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Dewan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Cambridge
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Corran
- The Biochemical Department and Molteno Institute, Cambridge
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46
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Green
- The Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Corran
- The Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge
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