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Alizadeh SR, Savadkouhi N, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Drug design strategies that aim to improve the low solubility and poor bioavailability conundrum in quercetin derivatives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1117-1132. [PMID: 37515777 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2241366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scientists are especially interested in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. Quercetin, a flavonoid, has demonstrated various therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-carcinogenic activities. Different plant sources contain varying quantities and types of quercetin. However, quercetin's bioavailability is frequently low due to its low water solubility, molecular stability, and absorption characteristics. AREAS COVERED The primary goals of this review are related to the approaches for overcoming quercetin's limitations. Hence, the main tactics for structural modifications (addition of charged and polar groups, removing C2, C3 double bond or reducing aromaticity, disrupting intramolecular H-bond, and reducing crystal lattice stability) and drug delivery systems (cyclodextrin complexes, emulsions, nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.) were discussed to improve water solubility and bioavailability of quercetin. EXPERT OPINION From a tactical perspective, enhancing the solubility of compounds can be simplified through decreasing hydrophobic properties or crystalline stability. In addition, an essential field of study focuses on creating appropriate molecular carriers for substances with low water solubility. However, pharmacokinetics, potency, and toxicology are all impacted by the structural factors and physical characteristics that regulate solubility. Poor water solubility is still a major problem in drug discovery, and new methods are always in demand to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Roya Alizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Niloofar Savadkouhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Huang H, Chang YH, Xu J, Ni HY, Zhao H, Zhai BW, Efferth T, Gu CB, Fu YJ. Aucubin as a natural potential anti-acute hepatitis candidate: Inhibitory potency and hepatoprotective mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154170. [PMID: 35609387 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic inflammation can substantially impact the development of acute hepatitis. It is a pressing need to identify and exploit novel therapeutic targets as well as effective drug therapies against acute hepatitis. Aucubin (AU) is one of the main active components extracted from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides and possesses significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the protective effect and mechanism of AU on acute hepatitis have not been reported yet. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the protective effect of AU on LPS-induced acute hepatitis and the mechanism of action. METHODS The limma package was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LPS-induced acute hepatitis and normal groups based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray data. Network pharmacology predicted targets for AU therapy against acute hepatitis, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the biological processes involved in these targets. The key pathways were analyzed by protein-protein interaction, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), and GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) enrichment. The important interaction targets between AU and key pathways were evaluated by molecular simulation. The in silico predicted mechanism was verified based on in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS A total of 116 intersection targets between AU prediction targets and differentially expressed genes were identified. They were functionally involved in the imbalance of "inflammation-anti-inflammation" and "oxidation-antioxidation" systems in the process of LPS-induced cases. In vitro experiments revealed that AU reduced inflammation in LPS-induced HepG2 cells by reducing the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, as well as iNOS enzyme activity levels. In addition, LPS-induced oxidative stress can be alleviated by AU via adjusting the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Malone dialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Protein-protein interaction and GSEA results showed that AU might exert anti-inflammatory effects mainly through the STAT3/NF-κB signal pathway. Molecular dynamics simulation as well as in vivo tests further demonstrated AU restrained nuclear transfer of NF-κB (P65), probably through reducing phosphorylation of STAT3. In addition, AU appears to reduce oxidative stress by upregulating NRF2/HO-1. CONCLUSION We explored potential targets and signal pathways of AU in inhibiting acute hepatitis. AU exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and may be a useful candidate drug for the treatment of acute hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuan-Hang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Yan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cheng-Bo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Yunusoğlu O. Evaluation of the effects of quercetin on the rewarding property of ethanol in mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136383. [PMID: 34864087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flavonoid quercetin has several pharmacological effects on the nervous system. Previous research showed that quercetin has useful influences on some mechanisms that are relevant in drug and substance addiction. Alcohol addiction, also known as alcoholism, is a disorder that influences the population in all walks of life. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether quercetin affects the acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (ethanol-CPP) in adolescent mice. METHODS CPP was established by administration of intraperitoneal (i.p.) ethanol (2.0 g/kg) in a conditioning trial. The mice were pretreated with quercetin (at doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes before each ethanol injection to test the effects of quercetin on the reward properties of ethanol. Ethanol-CPP was extinguished (13-days) by repeated testing, during which conditioned mice were given different doses of quercetin every day. Lastly, efficacy of quercetin in preventing reinstatement of ethanol-CPP triggers was also assessed by the administration of single dose ethanol (0.4 g/kg, i.p.). RESULTS Quercetin pretreatment attenuated the acquisition and reinstatement. In addition, quercetin administration accelerated the extinction of ethanol-CPP. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results may cast a novel light on quercetin as an agent that could be potentially useful to attenuate different effects of ethanol and as adjuvant pharmacotherapy for ethanol addiction. However, future studies are needed to demonstrate the detailed underlying mechanisms of quercetin on ethanol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pharmacology, 14030 Bolu, Turkey.
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Quercetin Relieves the Excised Great Saphenous Vein Oxidative Damage and Inflammatory Reaction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:6251559. [PMID: 35003306 PMCID: PMC8741364 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6251559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective The patency and quality of transplanted great saphenous vein (GSV) can seriously influence the physical state and life quality of patients who accepted the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Quercetin is known for antioxidant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. In this study, we examined the protection of quercetin to the great saphenous vein from oxidative and inflammatory damage. Methods The GSVs were collected from 15 patients undergoing CABG and cultured. Treated the veins by H2O2 and detected the NO, SOD, and MDA content by the relevant kits to explore the quercetin protection against oxidative damage. Then, for another group of GSVs, sheared them and detected the inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNFα, CCL20, PCNA, and VEGF. Collect the veins for H&E staining and PCNA and VEGF immunofluorescent staining. Results Pretreatment by quercetin reduced the production of NO and MDA induced by H2O2, and increased SOD activity. Quercetin also supressed the mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNFα after mechanical damage and had no influence on CCL20 and VEGF. Consistent with the lower expression of PCNA treated by quercetin, the vein intima was thinner. Conclusion These results demonstrated that quercetin protects GSVs by reducing the oxidative damage and inflammatory response and also suppresses the abnormal thickening of venous endothelium by inhibiting cell proliferation. It reminded that, to some extent, quercetin has the potential to release the great saphenous vein graft damage.
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Alizadeh SR, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Quercetin derivatives: Drug design, development, and biological activities, a review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114068. [PMID: 34971873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
More studies are needed to develop new drugs for problems associated with drug resistance and unfavorable side effects. The natural flavonoid of quercetin revealed a wide range of biological activities by the modulation of various targets and signaling pathways. However, quercetin's low solubility and poor bioavailability have restricted its applicability; as a result, researchers have attempted to design and synthesize numerous novel quercetin derivatives using various methodologies in order to modify quercetin's constraints; the physico-chemical properties of quercetin's molecular scaffold make it appealing for drug development; low molecular mass and chemical groups are two of these characteristics. Therefore, the biological activities of quercetin derivatives, as well as the relationship between activity and chemical structure and their mechanism of action, were investigated. These quercetin-based molecules could be valuable in the creation and discovery of medications for a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Roya Alizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Zou H, Ye H, Kamaraj R, Zhang T, Zhang J, Pavek P. A review on pharmacological activities and synergistic effect of quercetin with small molecule agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153736. [PMID: 34560520 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin is a natural flavonoid, which widely exists in nature, such as tea, coffee, apples, and onions. Numerous studies have showed that quercetin has multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging. Hence, quercetin has a significant therapeutic effect on cancers, obesity, diabetes, and other diseases. In the past decades, a large number of studies have shown that quercetin combined with other agents can significantly improve the overall therapeutic effect, compared to single use. PURPOSE This work reviews the pharmacological activities of quercetin and its derivatives. In addition, this work also summarizes both in vivo and in vitro experimental evidence for the synergistic effect of quercetin against cancers and metabolic diseases. METHODS An extensive systematic search for pharmacological activities and synergistic effect of quercetin was performed considering all the relevant literatures published until August 2021 through the databases including NCBI PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The relevant literatures were extracted from the databases with following keyword combinations: "pharmacological activities" OR "biological activities" OR "synergistic effect" OR "combined" OR "combination" AND "quercetin" as well as free-text words. RESULTS Quercetin and its derivatives possess multiple pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular, anti-aging, and neuroprotective activities. In addition, the synergistic effect of quercetin with small molecule agents against cancers and metabolic diseases has also been confirmed. CONCLUSION Quercetin cooperates with agents to improve the therapeutic effect by regulating signal molecules and blocking cell cycle. Synergistic therapy can reduce the dose of agents and avoid the possible toxic and side effects in the treatment process. Although quercetin treatment has some potential side effects, it is safe under the expected use conditions. Hence, quercetin has application value and potential strength as a clinical drug. Furthermore, quercetin, as the main effective therapeutic ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, may effectively treat and prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haiqing Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Rajamanikkam Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czech Republic.
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Bustos PS, Deza-Ponzio R, Páez PL, Cabrera JL, Virgolini MB, Ortega MG. Flavonoids as protective agents against oxidative stress induced by gentamicin in systemic circulation. Potent protective activity and microbial synergism of luteolin. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:294-302. [PMID: 29758313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids effect on gentamicin (GEN)-induced oxidative stress (OS) in systemic circulation was evaluated in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzymatic antioxidant defenses superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LP) in vitro on human leukocytes and in vivo on rat whole blood. The inhibitory activity of ROS was ATS < QTS < isovitexin < vitexin < luteolin. Luteolin, the most active, showed more inhibition in ROS production than vitamin C (reference inhibitor) in mononuclear cells and a slightly lower protective behavior compared to this inhibitor in polymorphonuclear cells. In both cellular systems, luteolin tends to level SOD and CAT activities modified by GEN, reaching basal values and preventing LP. In Wistar rats, GEN plus luteolin can suppress ROS generation, collaborate with SOD and CAT and diminish LP produced by GEN at therapeutic doses. Finally, luteolin and antibiotic association was evaluated on the antimicrobial activity in S. aureus and E. coli showing a synergism between GEN and luteolin on S. aureus ATCC and an additive effect on E. coli ATCC. Therefore, simultaneous administration of luteolin and GEN could represent a potential therapeutic option capable of protecting the host against OS induced by GEN in the systemic circulation while enhancing the antibacterial activity of GEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Soledad Bustos
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina Deza-Ponzio
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paulina Laura Páez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Unidad de Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Luis Cabrera
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam Beatriz Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Cai X, Bao L, Ding Y, Dai X, Zhang Z, Li Y. Quercetin alleviates cell apoptosis and inflammation via the ER stress pathway in vascular endothelial cells cultured in high concentrations of glucosamine. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:825-832. [PMID: 28000870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine is a possible cause of vascular endothelial injury in the initial stages of atherosclerosis, through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting in fatty streaks in the vascular wall. Quercetin is an anti‑diabetic and cardiovascular protective agent that has previously been demonstrated to reduce ER stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The present study aimed to investigate whether quercetin prevents glucosamine‑induced apoptosis and inflammation via ER stress pathway in HUVECs. The effect of quercetin on cell viability, apoptosis, and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and ER stress markers was investigated in glucosamine‑supplemented HUVECs. Quercetin was demonstrated to protect against glucosamine‑induced apoptosis, improved cell viability, and inhibited expression of pro‑inflammatory factors and endothelin‑1. Quercetin treatment also reduced the expression levels of glucose‑regulated protein 78, phosphorylated protein kinase‑like ER kinase, phosphorylated c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase and C/EBP homologous protein. In conclusion, quercetin may have auxiliary therapeutic potential against glucosamine‑induced cell apoptosis and inflammation, which may be partially due to alleviation of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ye Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Dai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Bustos PS, Deza-Ponzio R, Páez PL, Albesa I, Cabrera JL, Virgolini MB, Ortega MG. Protective effect of quercetin in gentamicin-induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo in blood cells. Effect on gentamicin antimicrobial activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:253-264. [PMID: 27846408 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the effect of gentamicin and gentamicin plus quercetin on ROS production, endogenous antioxidant defenses (SOD and CAT) and lipid peroxidation in vitro on human leukocytes and in vivo on whole rat blood. Gentamicin generated ROS production in human leukocytes, produced a dual effect on both enzymes dosage-dependent and generated an increase in lipid peroxidation. Quercetin, in leukocytes stimulated by gentamicin, showed more inhibitory capacity in ROS production than the reference inhibitor (vitaminC) in mononuclear cells and a similar protective behavior at this inhibitor in polymorphonuclear cells. Quercetin, in both cellular systems, tend to level SOD and CAT activities, reaching basal values and could prevent lipidic peroxidation induced by gentamicin. The results in Wistar rats confirmed that therapeutic doses of gentamicin can induce oxidative stress in whole blood and that the gentamicin treatment plus quercetin can suppress ROS generation, collaborate with SOD and CAT and diminish lipid peroxidation. Finally, flavonoid and antibiotic association was evaluated on the antimicrobial activity in S. aureus and E. coli, showing that changes were not generated in the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against E. coli strains, while for strains of S. aureus a beneficial effect observes. Therefore, we have demonstrated that gentamicin could induce oxidative stress in human leukocytes and in whole blood of Wistar rats at therapeutic doses and that quercetin may to produce a protective effect on this oxidative stress generated without substantially modifying the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against E. coli strains, and it contributes to this activity against S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Soledad Bustos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Romina Deza-Ponzio
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Paulina Laura Páez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Unidad de Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Ines Albesa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - José Luis Cabrera
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Miriam Beatriz Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Gabriela Ortega
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Chis IC, Coseriu A, Simedrea R, Oros A, Nagy AL, Clichici S. In Vivo Effects of Quercetin in Association with Moderate Exercise Training in Improving Streptozotocin-Induced Aortic Tissue Injuries. Molecules 2015; 20:21770-86. [PMID: 26690102 PMCID: PMC6331973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder associated with endothelial dysfunction. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and abnormal nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation are the major causal factors in the development of endothelial dysfunction in DM. The prevention of endothelial dysfunction may be a first target against the appearance of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. We have investigated the synergistic protective effects of quercetin administration and moderate exercise training on thoracic aorta injuries induced by diabetes. Methods: Diabetic rats that performed exercise training were subjected to a swimming training program (1 h/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks). The diabetic rats received quercetin (30 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the thoracic aorta was isolated and divided into two parts; one part was immersed in 10% formalin for histopathological evaluations and the other was frozen for the assessment of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, MDA and protein carbonyls groups, PC), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. Results: Diabetic rats showed significantly increased MDA and PC levels, NOx production and iNOS expression and a reduction of SOD and CAT activity in aortic tissues. A decrease in the levels of oxidative stress markers, NOx production and iNOS expression associated with elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes in the aortic tissue were observed in quercetin-treated diabetic trained rats. Conclusions: These findings suggest that quercetin administration in association with moderate exercise training reduces vascular complications and tissue injuries induced by diabetes in rat aorta by decreasing oxidative stress and restoring NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina C Chis
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1-3, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrei Coseriu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 8, Victor Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ramona Simedrea
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1-3, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Oros
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Number 3-5, Mănăştur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andras L Nagy
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Number 3-5, Mănăştur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1-3, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Rani N, Velan LPT, Vijaykumar S, Arunachalam A. An insight into the potentially old-wonder molecule-quercetin: the perspectives in foresee. Chin J Integr Med 2015:10.1007/s11655-015-2073-x. [PMID: 26354747 PMCID: PMC7088573 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Use of phyto-medicine and digitalization of phyto-compounds has been fallen enthralling field of science in recent years. Quercetin, a flavonoid with brilliant citron yellow pigment, is typically found in fruits and leafy vegetables in reasonable amount. Quercetin's potentials as an antioxidant, immune-modulator, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, and others have been the subject of interest in this review. Although, profiling the insights in to the molecular characterization of quercetin with various targets provided the loop-holes in understanding the knowledge for the aforementioned mechanisms, still necessitates research globally to unearth it completely. Thus, the available science on the synthesis and significant role played by the old molecule - quercetin which does wonders even now have been vividly explained in the present review to benefit the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Rani
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life science, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | | | - Saravanan Vijaykumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life science, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Annamalai Arunachalam
- Department of Botany, Sethupathy Government Arts and Science Collage, Alagappa University, Ramanathpuram, Tamil Nadu, 632502, India
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12
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Koval’skii IV, Krasnyuk II, Krasnyuk II, Nikulina OI, Belyatskaya AV, Kharitonov YY, Feldman NB, Lutsenko SV. Mechanisms of Rutin Pharmacological Action (Review). Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine (1400 W) as a potential immunomodulatory agent. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:491214. [PMID: 24995119 PMCID: PMC4068048 DOI: 10.1155/2014/491214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between NO, IL-12, and TNF-α production by J774A.1 macrophages activated with LPS and IFN-γ in the presence of N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine (1400 W). 1400 W is a novel, highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We compared the obtained data with the effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (a nonselective NOS inhibitor) and L-NG-(1-iminoethyl)lysine (L-NIL) (a relatively selective inhibitor of iNOS activity) on cells in this model. To investigate the involvement of an exogenous NO on IL-12 and TNF-α production we used NO donor—S-nitrosocaptopril (S-NO-Cap). The most potent inhibitor of NO generation was 1400 W. This compound also markedly increased IL-12 p40 secretion and decreased TNF-α release. L-NIL suppressed both NO and TNF-α production, but it did not change IL-12 p40 synthesis. The effect of L-NMMA on NO generation was weaker than other inhibitors. Moreover, it decreased TNF-α secretion slightly but not significantly. IL-12 p40 production by stimulated cells was inhibited by S-NO-Cap in a dose dependent manner, but no effect on TNF-α release was observed. The potency and selectivity of 1400 W as an inhibitor of iNOS and cytokine release modifier are encouraging for therapeutic use.
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Efficacy of quercetin derivatives in prevention of ulcerative colitis in rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2013; 6:9-12. [PMID: 24170973 PMCID: PMC3795315 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species has been implicated to contribute significantly to tissue injury associated with ulcerative colitis. Thus compounds with antioxidant properties could be potential therapeutic agents in this disease. Flavonoid compounds are known to possess antioxidative and antiinflammatory properties. Two derivatives of the flavonoid quercetin (Q), chloronaphthoquinone quercetin (CNC) and monochloropivaloyl quercetin (MCP), showed improved antioxidant properties and moreover, they efficiently inhibited aldose reductase activity in vitro. The aim of the work was to test the potential efficacy of quercetin and these synthetic derivatives in vivo in prevention of intestinal inflammation during ulcerative colitis in rats. Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid (4% solution). The control group received the same volume of saline. The vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the drugs Q, CNC or MCP were administered orally two hours and then one hour before the acetic acid or saline instillation. After 48 hours, the animals were sacrificed and the colon was weighed, measured and scored for visible damage. Acetic acid triggered an intense inflammatory response of the colon, characterised by haemorrhage, ulceration and bowel wall thickening. From the drugs tested, only CNC (2 × 50 mg/kg) effectively depressed inflammatory damage of the colon. The mechanism of this beneficial effect remains to be elucidated.
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Mainini F, Contini A, Nava D, Corsetto PA, Rizzo AM, Agradi E, Pini E. Synthesis, Molecular Characterization and Preliminary Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Quercetin Fatty Esters. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Huang H, Fletcher A, Niu Y, Wang TTY, Yu L. Characterization of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine expression in macrophages and monocytes. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1329-38. [PMID: 22842767 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vitro cell culture models are widely used in inflammation research; however, information regarding the time- and dose-dependency of inflammatory responses toward LPS in these cell lines is scattered in the literature. MATERIAL J774A.1 mouse macrophage and THP-1 human monocyte cell lines. TREATMENT J774A.1 and THP-1 cells were treated with 0-500 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide for 0-24 h. METHODS SRB and BCA tests were used to measure total protein. Real-time PCR was used to determine gene expression levels, and ELISA was used to assess the protein levels. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test were used to test the significance levels. RESULTS In J774A.1 and THP-1 cells, cytokines responded in distinct patterns upon LPS stimulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the differential regulation of the response to LPS between J774A.1 and THP-1 cells appeared to correlate with the differential regulation of TLR4 at the mRNA level. CONCLUSION In summary, this study indicated that temporal and dose-dependent responses to LPS need to be controlled for and that extrapolation of data on mechanisms may differ between cell lines of different origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, 0112 Skinner Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Tomimori K, Nakama S, Kimura R, Tamaki K, Ishikawa C, Mori N. Antitumor activity and macrophage nitric oxide producing action of medicinal herb, Crassocephalum crepidioides. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:78. [PMID: 22720874 PMCID: PMC3407475 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Crassocephalum crepidioides, a plant distributed in Okinawa Islands, is known in folk medicine; however, its anticancer activity has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of C. crepidioides on murine Sarcoma 180 (S-180) and related molecular mechanisms. Methods The antitumor effect of C. crepidioides was evaluated in S-180-cell-bearing mice. Cell growth was assessed using a colorimetric assay. Nitrite and nitrate levels were measured by colorimetry. The expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in murine RAW264.7 macrophages was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Activation of iNOS promoter was detected by reporter gene. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The role of NF-κB signaling was analyzed using inhibitors of NF-κB and dominant-negative mutants, and Western blot analysis. Results C. crepidioides extract delayed tumor growth in S-180-bearing mice. However, it did not inhibit S-180 cell growth in vitro. Supernatant of cultured C. crepidioides-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages was cytotoxic to S-180 cells. This cytotoxicity was associated with nitric oxide (NO) production. NF-κB signaling pathway was crucial for the transcriptional activation of iNOS gene. Isochlorogenic acid, a component of C. crepidioides, induced NF-κB activation and iNOS expression. Conclusions The results highlight the oncolytic and immunopotentiation properties of C. crepidioides mediated through NF-κB-induced release of NO from macrophages.
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Saragusti AC, Bustos PS, Pierosan L, Cabrera JL, Chiabrando GA, Santos ARS, Ortega MG. Involvement of the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the antinociception caused by fruits of Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:117-122. [PMID: 22230471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. is a rhizomatous shrub that grows in the north and central zone of Argentina. In folk medicine, the fruits of this plant have been used as an astringent, anti-inflammatory and odontalgic agent and anti-diarrheic. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antinociceptive effect of ethanol (EE), chloroform (CE) and ethyl acetate (EtOAcE) extracts of Prosopis strombulifera fruits and the involvement of the l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antinociceptive effects of the EE, CE and EtOAcE of Prosopis strombulifera fruits were evaluated in vivo using the formalin-induced pain test in mice with aspirin and morphine as reference antinociceptive compounds. The participation of the l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the antinociceptive effect was investigated in the same animal model using l-arginine as a nitric oxide (NO) precursor. The in vitro inhibitory effect of the extracts on LPS-induced nitric oxide production and iNOS expression was investigated in a J774A.1 macrophage-derived cell line. RESULTS CE (300mg/kg), in contrast to EE and EtOAcE, caused significant inhibition (p<0.05) of the in vivo nociceptive response. Moreover, CE (100-1000mg/kg, p.o.) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the neurogenic and the inflammatory phases of the formalin test with inhibition values (at 600mg/kg) of 42±7% and 62±7%, respectively. CE inhibition was more potent in the inflammatory phase, with an ID(50) of 400.1 (252.2-634.8)mg/kg. The antinociception caused by CE (600mg/kg, p.o.) was significantly attenuated (p<0.05) by i.p. treatment of mice with l-arginine (600mg/kg). In addition, CE (100μg/mL) produced significant in vitro inhibition (p<0.001) of LPS-induced NO production, which was not observed with EE and EtOAcE at the same concentration. The inhibition of NO production by CE (10-100μg/mL) was dose-dependent, with an IC(50) of 39.8 (34.4-46.1)μg/mL, and CE significantly inhibited LPS-induced iNOS expression in J774A.1 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study supports, in part, the ethnomedical use of Prosopis strombulifera fruits by showing that its CE produces moderate antinociception in vivo. The findings also provide scientific information for understanding the molecular mechanism involved in the analgesic effect of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cristina Saragusti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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3,5-Di(-O-acetyl)-3′,4′,7-tri[-O-(2-O-acetylethyl)]quercetin. MOLBANK 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/m703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Saragusti AC, Ortega MG, Cabrera JL, Estrin DA, Marti MA, Chiabrando GA. Inhibitory effect of quercetin on matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity molecular mechanism and structure-activity relationship of the flavonoid-enzyme interaction. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 644:138-45. [PMID: 20619256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse association between the consumption of flavonoid-rich diets and the risk of atherosclerosis. In addition, an increased activity of the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Even though the relationship between flavonoid chemical structure and the inhibitory property on MMP activity has been established, the molecular mechanisms of this inhibition are still unknown. Herein, we first evaluated the inhibitory effect of quercetin on MMP-9 activity by zymography and a fluorescent gelatin dequenching assay, secondly we determined the most probable sites and modes of quercetin interaction with the MMP-9 catalytic domain by using molecular modelling techniques, and finally, we investigated the structure-activity relationship of the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on MMP-9 activity. We show that quercetin inhibited MMP-9 activity with an IC(50) value of 22 microM. By using docking and molecular dynamics simulations, it was shown that quercetin interacted in the S1' subsite of the MMP-9 active site. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship analysis demonstrated that flavonoid R(3)(')-OH and R(4)(')-OH substitutions were relevant to the inhibitory property against MMP-9 activity. In conclusion, our data constitute the first evidence about the quercetin and MMP-9 interaction, suggesting a mechanism to explain the inhibitory effect of the flavonoid on the enzymatic activity of MMP-9, which provides an additional molecular target for the cardioprotective activity of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra C Saragusti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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