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Wlodarczyk M, Torun A, Zerrouqi A, Pyrzynska B. NK Cell Degranulation Triggered by Rituximab Identifies Potential Markers of Subpopulations with Enhanced Cytotoxicity toward Malignant B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8980. [PMID: 39201666 PMCID: PMC11354239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy is to restore or enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells, among others, by activating the mechanism of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor antigens, such as rituximab (targeting CD20), induce NK cell-mediated ADCC and have been used to treat B cell malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but not always successfully. The aim of this study was to analyze the gene expression profile of the NK cells involved in the cytolytic response stimulated by rituximab. NK cells were co-cultured with rituximab-opsonized Raji cells. Sorting into responder and non-responder groups was based on the presence of CD107a, which is a degranulation marker. RNA-seq results showed that the KIT and TNFSF4 genes were strongly down-regulated in the degranulating population of NK cells (responders); this was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Both genes encode surface proteins with cellular signaling abilities, namely c-KIT and the OX40 ligand. Consistent with our findings, c-KIT was previously reported to correlate inversely with cytokine production by activated NK cells. The significance of these findings for cancer immunotherapy seems essential, as the pharmacological inhibition of c-KIT and OX40L, or gene ablation, could be further tested for the enhancement of the anti-tumor activity of NK cells in response to rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wlodarczyk
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (A.T.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Torun
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (A.T.); (A.Z.)
- Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdessamad Zerrouqi
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (A.T.); (A.Z.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrzynska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (A.T.); (A.Z.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Perry TA, Masand N, Vrzalikova K, Pugh M, Wei W, Hollows R, Bouchalova K, Nohtani M, Fennell E, Bouchal J, Kearns P, Murray PG. The Oncogenic Lipid Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Impedes the Phagocytosis of Tumor Cells by M1 Macrophages in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:574. [PMID: 38339325 PMCID: PMC10854869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A total of 30-40% of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients will either not respond to the standard therapy or their disease will recur. The first-line treatment for DLBCL is rituximab and combination chemotherapy. This treatment involves the chemotherapy-induced recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages that recognize and kill rituximab-opsonized DLBCL cells. However, we lack insights into the factors responsible for the recruitment and functionality of macrophages in DLBCL tumors. METHODS We have studied the effects of the immunomodulatory lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on macrophage activity in DLBCL, both in vitro and in animal models. RESULTS We show that tumor-derived S1P mediates the chemoattraction of both monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in animal models, an effect that is dependent upon the S1P receptor S1PR1. However, S1P inhibited M1 macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of DLBCL tumor cells opsonized with the CD20 monoclonal antibodies rituximab and ofatumumab, an effect that could be reversed by an S1PR1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that S1P signaling can modulate macrophage recruitment and tumor cell killing by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in DLBCL. The administration of S1PR1 inhibitors could enhance the phagocytosis of tumor cells and improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A. Perry
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Navta Masand
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Katerina Vrzalikova
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.V.); (M.P.)
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Manama P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain
| | - Matthew Pugh
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
- The Palatine Centre, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Robert Hollows
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Katerina Bouchalova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Mahdi Nohtani
- Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre, Health Research Institute and Bernal Institute and School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland; (M.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Eanna Fennell
- Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre, Health Research Institute and Bernal Institute and School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland; (M.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul G. Murray
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.V.); (M.P.)
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Manama P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain
- Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre, Health Research Institute and Bernal Institute and School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland; (M.N.); (E.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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Tiwari A, Mukherjee S. Role of Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch and HLA Typing in Solid Organ Transplant. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2024; 19:34-52. [PMID: 38155466 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871266738231218145616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving medical operation that has progressed greatly because of developments in diagnostic tools and histocompatibility tests. Crossmatching for complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing are two important methods for checking graft compatibility and reducing the risk of graft rejection. HLA typing and CDC crossmatching are critical in kidney, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, intestine, and multi-organ transplantation. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on the internet, using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, to identify peer-reviewed publications about solid organ transplants, HLA typing, and CDC crossmatching. CONCLUSION Recent advances in HLA typing have allowed for high-resolution evaluation, epitope matching, and personalized therapy methods. Genomic profiling, next-generation sequencing, and artificial intelligence have improved HLA typing precision, resulting in better patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) driven virtual crossmatching and predictive algorithms have eliminated the requirement for physical crossmatching in the context of CDC crossmatching, boosting organ allocation and transplant efficiency. This review elaborates on the importance of HLA typing and CDC crossmatching in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Tiwari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sayali Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu D, Che X, Wang X, Ma C, Wu G. Tumor Vaccines: Unleashing the Power of the Immune System to Fight Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1384. [PMID: 37895855 PMCID: PMC10610367 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the rapidly evolving arena of cancer vaccines. Initially, we examine the intricate constitution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), a dynamic factor that significantly influences tumor heterogeneity. Current research trends focusing on harnessing the TME for effective tumor vaccine treatments are also discussed. We then provide a detailed overview of the current state of research concerning tumor immunity and the mechanisms of tumor vaccines, describing the complex immunological processes involved. Furthermore, we conduct an exhaustive analysis of the contemporary research landscape of tumor vaccines, with a particular focus on peptide vaccines, DNA/RNA-based vaccines, viral-vector-based vaccines, dendritic-cell-based vaccines, and whole-cell-based vaccines. We analyze and summarize these categories of tumor vaccines, highlighting their individual advantages, limitations, and the factors influencing their effectiveness. In our survey of each category, we summarize commonly used tumor vaccines, aiming to provide readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the current state of tumor vaccine research. We then delve into an innovative strategy combining cancer vaccines with other therapies. By studying the effects of combining tumor vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy, we establish that this approach can enhance overall treatment efficacy and offset the limitations of single-treatment approaches, offering patients more effective treatment options. Following this, we undertake a meticulous analysis of the entire process of personalized cancer vaccines, elucidating the intricate process from design, through research and production, to clinical application, thus helping readers gain a thorough understanding of its complexities. In conclusion, our exploration of tumor vaccines in this review aims to highlight their promising potential in cancer treatment. As research in this field continues to evolve, it undeniably holds immense promise for improving cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China;
| | - Chuanyu Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (X.C.)
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5
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Nguyen NTB, Leung HW, Pang KT, Tay SJ, Walsh I, Choo ABH, Yang Y. Optimizing effector functions of monoclonal antibodies via tailored N-glycan engineering using a dual landing pad CHO targeted integration platform. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15620. [PMID: 37731040 PMCID: PMC10511539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) eliminate cancer cells via various effector mechanisms including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which are influenced by the N-glycan structures on the Fc region of mAbs. Manipulating these glycan structures on mAbs allows for optimization of therapeutic benefits associated with effector functions. Traditional approaches such as gene deletion or overexpression often lead to only all-or-nothing changes in gene expression and fail to modulate the expression of multiple genes at defined ratios and levels. In this work, we have developed a CHO cell engineering platform enabling modulation of multiple gene expression to tailor the N-glycan profiles of mAbs for enhanced effector functions. Our platform involves a CHO targeted integration platform with two independent landing pads, allowing expression of multiple genes at two pre-determined genomic sites. By combining with internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-based polycistronic vectors, we simultaneously modulated the expression of α-mannosidase II (MANII) and chimeric β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase III (cGNTIII) genes in CHO cells. This strategy enabled the production of mAbs carrying N-glycans with various levels of bisecting and non-fucosylated structures. Importantly, these engineered mAbs exhibited different degrees of effector cell activation and CDC, facilitating the identification of mAbs with optimal effector functions. This platform was demonstrated as a powerful tool for producing antibody therapeutics with tailored effector functions via precise engineering of N-glycan profiles. It holds promise for advancing the field of metabolic engineering in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan T B Nguyen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Hau Wan Leung
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Kuin Tian Pang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Shi Jie Tay
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Ian Walsh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Andre B H Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
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6
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Obiorah I, Courville EL. Diagnostic Flow Cytometry in the Era of Targeted Therapies: Lessons from Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Adoptive Immunotherapy. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:423-431. [PMID: 37149367 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (therapeutic mAb) and adoptive immunotherapy have become increasingly more common in the treatment of hematolymphoid neoplasms, with practical implications for diagnostic flow cytometry. Their use can reduce the sensitivity of flow cytometry for populations of interest owing to downregulation/loss of the target antigen, competition for the target antigen, or lineage switch. Expanded flow panels, marker redundancy, and exhaustive gating strategies can overcome this limitation. Therapeutic mAb have been reported to cause pseudo-light chain restriction, and awareness of this potential artifact is key. Established guidelines do not yet exist for antigen expression by flow cytometry for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeyinwa Obiorah
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health, PO Box 800214, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Courville
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health, PO Box 800214, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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7
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Caracciolo D, Mancuso A, Polerà N, Froio C, D'Aquino G, Riillo C, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. The emerging scenario of immunotherapy for T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: advances, challenges and future perspectives. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 36624522 PMCID: PMC9828428 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a challenging pediatric and adult haematologic disease still associated with an unsatisfactory cure rate. Unlike B-ALL, the availability of novel therapeutic options to definitively improve the life expectancy for relapsed/resistant patients is poor. Indeed, the shared expression of surface targets among normal and neoplastic T-cells still limits the efficacy and may induce fratricide effects, hampering the use of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. However, novel monoclonal antibodies, bispecific T-cell engagers (BTCEs), and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T-cells recently showed encouraging results and some of them are in an advanced stage of pre-clinical development or are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Here, we review this exciting scenario focusing on most relevant advances, challenges, and perspectives of the emerging landscape of immunotherapy of T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Polerà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Froio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Aquino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Buchhorn de Freitas S, Hartwig DD. Promising targets for immunotherapeutic approaches against Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Huang R, Zhu G, Fu X, Liu W, Tao C, Gao J, Qu W, Fang Y, Jiang X, Ding Z, Zhou J, Shi Y, Fan J, Tang Z. Comprehensive analysis of complement-associated molecular features in hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1694-1707. [PMID: 35929594 PMCID: PMC9828444 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade plays a "complementing" role in human immunity. However, the potential roles of complement system in impacting molecular and clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, eleven public datasets are analyzed to compare the complement status between normal and cancerous samples based on 18 classical complement-associated genes. The complement scores are constructed to quantify complement signatures of individual tumors. HCC patients in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort are focused to perform systematical analyses between complement status and immune infiltration, miRNA expression, DNA methylation, clinicopathological features, and drug response. The results show that the complement scores in normal tissues are dramatically higher than those of tumor tissues. Tumor samples in the TCGA cohort are classified into complement score-low and score-high groups. Pathway analysis reveals that tumor-promoting pathways are typically inhibited in complement score-high group. This study also shows that tumor-killing immune cells, such as CD8 + T cells and natural killer cells are abundant and tumor-suppressing miRNAs are upregulated in complement score-high samples. In addition, we identify that complement scores are negatively correlated with certain clinical features, including pathological grade, clinical-stage, and portal vein invasion. Moreover, various molecular features together with complement scores are found to be correlated with response to anti-cancer drugs. This study provides a comprehensive and multidimensional analysis conducive to understanding the role of complement in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Guiqi Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Xiutao Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Weiren Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Chenyang Tao
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Weifeng Qu
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Xifei Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Zhenbin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-64041990-3233; E-mail: (Y.S.) / Tel: +86-21-64041990; E-mail: (J.F.) / Tel: +86-21-64041990-8612; E-mail: (Z.T.). @
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-64041990-3233; E-mail: (Y.S.) / Tel: +86-21-64041990; E-mail: (J.F.) / Tel: +86-21-64041990-8612; E-mail: (Z.T.). @
| | - Zheng Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery and TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan Universityand Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of EducationShanghai200032China,Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and MetastasisChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200032China.,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-64041990-3233; E-mail: (Y.S.) / Tel: +86-21-64041990; E-mail: (J.F.) / Tel: +86-21-64041990-8612; E-mail: (Z.T.). @
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10
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Guzzeloni V, Veschini L, Pedica F, Ferrero E, Ferrarini M. 3D Models as a Tool to Assess the Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Therapeutic Antibodies: Advantages and Limitations. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11030046. [PMID: 35892706 PMCID: PMC9326665 DOI: 10.3390/antib11030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an emerging and very active frontier in clinical oncology, with hundred molecules currently in use or being tested. These treatments have already revolutionized clinical outcomes in both solid and hematological malignancies. However, identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from mAbs treatment is currently challenging and limiting the impact of such therapies. To overcome this issue, and to fulfill the expectations of mAbs therapies, it is urgently required to develop proper culture models capable of faithfully reproducing the interactions between tumor and its surrounding native microenvironment (TME). Three-dimensional (3D) models which allow the assessment of the impact of drugs on tumors within its TME in a patient-specific context are promising avenues to progressively fill the gap between conventional 2D cultures and animal models, substantially contributing to the achievement of personalized medicine. This review aims to give a brief overview of the currently available 3D models, together with their specific exploitation for therapeutic mAbs testing, underlying advantages and current limitations to a broader use in preclinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Guzzeloni
- B-Cell Neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Veschini
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Federica Pedica
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Ferrero
- B-Cell Neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.F.)
| | - Marina Ferrarini
- B-Cell Neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Lara S, Heilig J, Virtanen A, Kleinau S. Exploring complement-dependent cytotoxicity by rituximab isotypes in 2D and 3D-cultured B-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:678. [PMID: 35725455 PMCID: PMC9210731 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic IgG1 anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab (RTX), has greatly improved prognosis of many B-cell malignancies. Despite its success, resistance has been reported and detailed knowledge of RTX mechanisms are lacking. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is one important mode of action of RTX. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate factors influencing complement-mediated tumor cell killing by RTX. METHODS Different RTX isotypes, IgG1, IgG3, IgA1 and IgA2 were evaluated and administered on four human CD20+ B-cell lymphoma cell lines, displaying diverse expression of CD20 and complement-regulatory protein CD59. Complement activation was assessed on lymphoma cells grown in 2 and 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems by trypan blue exclusion. CDC in 3D spheroids was additionally analyzed by Annexin V and propidium iodide staining by flow cytometry, and confocal imaging. Anti-CD59 antibody was used to evaluate influence of CD59 in RTX-mediated CDC responses. Statistical differences were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS We found that 3 out of 4 lymphomas were sensitive to RTX-mediated CDC when cultured in 2D, while 2 out of 4 when grown in 3D. RTX-IgG3 had the greatest CDC potential, followed by clinical standard RTX-IgG1 and RTX-IgA2, whereas RTX-IgA1 displayed no complement activation. Although the pattern of different RTX isotypes to induce CDC were similar in the sensitive lymphomas, the degree of cell killing differed. A greater CDC activity was seen in lymphoma cells with a higher CD20/CD59 expression ratio. These lymphomas were also sensitive to RTX when grown in 3D spheroids, although the CDC activity was substantially reduced compared to 2D cultures. Analysis of RTX-treated spheroids demonstrated apoptosis and necrosis essentially in the outer cell-layers. Neutralization of CD59 overcame resistance to RTX-mediated CDC in 2D-cultured lymphoma cells, but not in spheroids. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that CDC outcome in CD20+ B-cell lymphoma is synergistically influenced by choice of RTX isotype, antigen density, tumor structure, and degree of CD59 expression. Assessment of tumor signatures, such as CD20/CD59 ratio, can be advantageous to predict CDC efficiency of RTX in vivo and may help to develop rational mAbs to raise response rates in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juliane Heilig
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Virtanen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sandra Kleinau
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Bethke M, Varga G, Weinhage T, Sabharwal H, Mellgren K, Randau G, Rolfing M, Wittkowski H, Foell D, Michgehl U, Burkhardt B. Patient parameters and response after administration of rituximab in pediatric mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29514. [PMID: 34939314 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas are heterogenous malignancies that make up more than half of all diagnosed non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents. The overall survival rate increased over the last decades to 80%-90% due to fine tuning of polychemotherapy. However, new therapeutic implications are needed to further increase the overall survival. Current clinical trials analyze the therapeutic effect of rituximab in pediatric patients, while the mechanism of action in vivo is still not fully understood. METHODS Effector molecules important for tumor defense were analyzed before and at day 5 after rituximab treatment via flow cytometry. Serum rituximab levels were measured with an ELISA. RESULTS We evaluated patient parameters that may affect treatment response in relation to rituximab administration and serum rituximab levels. We indeed found a reduction of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) II levels after rituximab treatment in monocyte subtypes, whereas FcγRI expression was significantly increased. Serum levels of proinflammatory marker proteins S100A8/A9 and S100A12 significantly decreased after treatment to normal levels from an overall proinflammatory state before treatment. CD57, perforin, and granzyme B expression decreased after treatment, comprising a less cytolytic natural killer (NK) cell population. CONCLUSION The highlighted effects of rituximab treatment on patient's immune response help in understanding the biology behind tumor defense mechanisms and effector function. After subsequent studies, these novel insights might be translated into patient care and could contribute to improve treatment of pediatric patients with mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bethke
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Varga
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Toni Weinhage
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harshana Sabharwal
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Mellgren
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Randau
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Meike Rolfing
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulf Michgehl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Burkhardt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
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13
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Jin S, Sun Y, Liang X, Gu X, Ning J, Xu Y, Chen S, Pan L. Emerging new therapeutic antibody derivatives for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:39. [PMID: 35132063 PMCID: PMC8821599 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies constitute a promising class of targeted anticancer agents that enhance natural immune system functions to suppress cancer cell activity and eliminate cancer cells. The successful application of IgG monoclonal antibodies has inspired the development of various types of therapeutic antibodies, such as antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and antibody derivatives (e.g., antibody-drug conjugates and immunocytokines). The miniaturization and multifunctionalization of antibodies are flexible and viable strategies for diagnosing or treating malignant tumors in a complex tumor environment. In this review, we summarize antibodies of various molecular types, antibody applications in cancer therapy, and details of clinical study advances. We also discuss the rationale and mechanism of action of various antibody formats, including antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, bispecific/multispecific antibodies, immunocytokines, antibody fragments, and scaffold proteins. With advances in modern biotechnology, well-designed novel antibodies are finally paving the way for successful treatments of various cancers, including precise tumor immunotherapy, in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Jin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Ning
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Precision Medicine on Tumor Therapeutics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, 311200, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Liqiang Pan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Abstract
Polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations have been used for several decades for treatment of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and for treatment of some infections and intoxications. This has demonstrated the importance of Igs, also called antibodies (Abs) for prevention and elimination of infections. Moreover, elucidation of the structure and functions of Abs has suggested that they might be useful for targeted treatment of several diseases, including cancers and autoimmune diseases. The development of technologies for production of specific monoclonal Abs (MAbs) in large amounts has led to the production of highly effective therapeutic antibodies (TAbs), a collective term for MAbs (MAbs) with demonstrated clinical efficacy in one or more diseases. The number of approved TAbs is currently around hundred, and an even larger number is under development, including several engineered and modified Ab formats. The use of TAbs has provided new treatment options for many severe diseases, but prediction of clinical effect is difficult, and many patients eventually lose effect, possibly due to development of Abs to the TAbs or to other reasons. The therapeutic efficacy of TAbs can be ascribed to one or more effects, including binding and neutralization of targets, direct cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent complement-dependent cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or others. The therapeutic options for TAbs have been expanded by development of several new formats of TAbs, including bispecific Abs, single domain Abs, TAb-drug conjugates, and the use of TAbs for targeted activation of immune cells. Most promisingly, current research and development can be expected to increase the number of clinical conditions, which may benefit from TAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
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15
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Urbányi Z. Quality similarity-driven development of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 38:1-8. [PMID: 34895635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The number of approved and marketed biosimilar monoclonal antibodies has been increasing steeply in recent years in regulated markets. In contrast to small molecular generic drugs, structure and variant profile of biosimilar mAbs are not identical with those of the reference medicinal product. Biosimilarity is proven by using the "totality of evidence" approach, and it forms the basis of the approval process of biosimilars in regulated markets. This process includes a comprehensive quality similarity exercise. This step involves the evaluation of all physico-chemical and biological-functional characteristics. The present paper evaluates the analytical similarity approaches taken through the evaluation of quality attributes of recently approved biosimilar mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Urbányi
- G. Richter Plc. Biotechnology Research Department, Gyömrői út 19-21, Budapest, Hungary.
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16
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Interdonato A, Choblet S, Sana M, Valgardsdottir R, Cribioli S, Alzani R, Roth M, Duonor-Cerutti M, Golay J. BL-01, an Fc-bearing, tetravalent CD20 × CD5 bispecific antibody, redirects multiple immune cells to kill tumors in vitro and in vivo. Cytotherapy 2021; 24:161-171. [PMID: 34538717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The authors describe here a novel therapeutic strategy combining a bispecific antibody (bsAb) with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. METHODS The authors have designed, produced and purified a novel tetravalent IgG1-like CD20 × CD5 bsAb called BL-01. The bsAb is composed of a fused heavy chain and two free light chains that pair correctly to the heavy chain sequences thanks to complementary mutations in the monoclonal antibody 2 CH1/CL sequences. RESULTS The authors show that BL-01 can bind specifically to CD20 and CD5 with an affinity of 4-6 nM, demonstrating correct pairing of two light chains to the fused heavy chain. The CD20 × CD5 BL-01 bsAb has a functional human IgG1 Fc and can induce up to 65% complement-dependent cytotoxicity of a CD20+ lymphoma cell line in the presence of human complement, similar to anti-CD20 rituximab. The bsAb also induces significant natural killer cell activation and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of up to 25% as well as up to 65% phagocytosis by human macrophages in the presence of CD20+ tumor cells. The BL-01 bsAb binds to CD20 and CD5 simultaneously and can redirect CIK cells in vitro to kill CD20+ targets, increasing the cytotoxicity of CIK cells by about 3-fold. The authors finally show that the CD20 × CD5 BL-01 bsAb synergizes with CIK cells in vivo in controlling tumor growth and prolonging survival of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice inoculated with a patient-derived, aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma xenograft. CONCLUSIONS The authors suggest that the efficacy of bsAb in vivo is due to the combined activation of innate immunity by Fc and redirection of CIK cells to kill the tumor target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Interdonato
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani," Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sylvie Choblet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," Saint-Christol-Lez Alès, France
| | - Mirco Sana
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani," Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rut Valgardsdottir
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani," Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Muriel Roth
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," Saint-Christol-Lez Alès, France
| | - Martine Duonor-Cerutti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," Saint-Christol-Lez Alès, France
| | - Josée Golay
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani," Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore, Bergamo, Italy.
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17
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Grunenberg A, Kaiser LM, Woelfle S, Schmelzle B, Viardot A, Möller P, Barth TFE, Muche R, Dreyhaupt J, Raderer M, Kiesewetter B, Buske C. A phase II study of the PI3K inhibitor copanlisib in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab for patients with marginal zone lymphoma: treatment rationale and protocol design of the COUP-1 trial. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:749. [PMID: 34187401 PMCID: PMC8243426 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced stage marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is an incurable indolent B-cell lymphoma, for which a wide variety of treatments ranging from single agent rituximab to more dose intense immunochemotherapy exists. One of the major goals in this palliative setting is to develop chemotherapy-free treatments, which approach the efficacy of immunochemotherapies, but avoid chemotherapy associated toxicity in this often elderly patient population. The PI3K inhibitor copanlisib has recently shown remarkable clinical activity in refractory or relapsed indolent B–cell lymphomas, among them MZL. Based on these data, copanlisib monotherapy was granted breakthrough designation by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed marginal zone lymphoma who have received at least two prior therapies. However, data are still limited in particular for MZL. Based on this, the COUP-1 trial aims at testing the toxicity and efficacy of copanlisib in combination with rituximab in treatment naive and relapsed MZL. Methods COUP-1 is a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, open-label, non-randomized phase II trial of 6 cycles (28 days cycle) of copanlisib (60 mg intravenous day 1, 8, 15) and rituximab (375 mg/m2 intravenous day 1) in the induction phase followed by a maintenance phase of copanlisib (d1, d15 every 4 weeks for a maximum of 12 cycles) and rituximab (d1 every 8 weeks for a maximum of 12 cycles) in patients aged ≥18 years with previously untreated or relapsed MZL in need of treatment. A total of 56 patients are to be enrolled. Primary endpoint is the complete response (CR) rate determined 12 months after start of induction therapy. Secondary endpoints include the overall response (OR) rate, progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety and patient related outcome with quality of life. The study includes a translational bio-sampling program with the prospect to measure minimal residual disease. The study was initiated in November 2019. Discussion The COUP-1 trial evaluates the efficacy and toxicity of the treatment of copanlisib in combination with rituximab in patients with MZL and additionally offers the chance for translational research in this heterogenous type of lymphoma. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03474744. Registration date: 03/23/2018. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08464-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grunenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lisa M Kaiser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Woelfle
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Schmelzle
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Viardot
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas F E Barth
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Muche
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Schwabstraße 13, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Dreyhaupt
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Schwabstraße 13, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Raderer
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kiesewetter
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Buske
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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18
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McClatchy J, Yap T, Koo K, Kern JS, Scardamaglia L. De-escalation of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) protocols in Pemphigus Vulgaris - a systematic review. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1591-1601. [PMID: 34092162 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1937118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This review assesses current evidence supporting dose de-escalated rituximab therapy in pemphigus vulgaris, compared to standard protocols. Primary outcome measures were remission and relapse rates. Adverse effects, cumulative steroid dosages, and serological markers of disease activity were also reported.Areas covered: A literature search was performed to look for reports describing the use of de-escalated rituximab therapy in pemphigus vulgaris. Results from heterogenous studies showed a large variation in remission and relapse rates. Complete remission rates from de-escalated treatment ranged from 41.7 to 100.0%, while rates in the control groups ranged from 60.0 to 90.9%. Relapse rates varied from 8.0 to 81.3% in the de-escalated group and from 0.0 to 72.4% in the control group. Of the 165 patients included in this report, only two major adverse effects were reported.Expert Opinion: Overall, dose de-escalated rituximab protocols reported to date appear effective and safe. However, it is unclear if treatment effect parallels that of standard regimens in regard to disease control in the long term. A lower limit of effective dosing for rituximab in pemphigus vulgaris has not yet been reached or defined. The role for and timing of repeated cycles of low-dose rituximab therapy require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McClatchy
- Dermatology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tami Yap
- Dermatology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kendrick Koo
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Johannes S Kern
- Dermatology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Scardamaglia
- Dermatology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Candelaria PV, Leoh LS, Penichet ML, Daniels-Wells TR. Antibodies Targeting the Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) as Direct Anti-cancer Agents. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607692. [PMID: 33815364 PMCID: PMC8010148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), also known as cluster of differentiation 71 (CD71), is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that binds transferrin (Tf) and performs a critical role in cellular iron uptake through the interaction with iron-bound Tf. Iron is required for multiple cellular processes and is essential for DNA synthesis and, thus, cellular proliferation. Due to its central role in cancer cell pathology, malignant cells often overexpress TfR1 and this increased expression can be associated with poor prognosis in different types of cancer. The elevated levels of TfR1 expression on malignant cells, together with its extracellular accessibility, ability to internalize, and central role in cancer cell pathology make this receptor an attractive target for antibody-mediated therapy. The TfR1 can be targeted by antibodies for cancer therapy in two distinct ways: (1) indirectly through the use of antibodies conjugated to anti-cancer agents that are internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis or (2) directly through the use of antibodies that disrupt the function of the receptor and/or induce Fc effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP), or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Although TfR1 has been used extensively as a target for antibody-mediated cancer therapy over the years, interest continues to increase for both targeting the receptor for delivery purposes and for its use as direct anti-cancer agents. This review focuses on the developments in the use of antibodies targeting TfR1 as direct anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre V. Candelaria
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lai Sum Leoh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- The Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tracy R. Daniels-Wells
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
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20
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Heemskerk N, Gruijs M, Temming AR, Heineke MH, Gout DY, Hellingman T, Tuk CW, Winter PJ, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Bentlage AE, de Donatis M, Bögels M, Rösner T, Valerius T, Bakema JE, Vidarsson G, van Egmond M. Augmented antibody-based anticancer therapeutics boost neutrophil cytotoxicity. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:134680. [PMID: 33561014 DOI: 10.1172/jci134680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most clinically used anticancer mAbs are of the IgG isotype, which can eliminate tumor cells through NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent phagocytosis. IgG, however, ineffectively recruits neutrophils as effector cells. IgA mAbs induce migration and activation of neutrophils through the IgA Fc receptor (FcαRI) but are unable to activate NK cells and have poorer half-life. Here, we combined the agonistic activity of IgG mAbs and FcαRI targeting in a therapeutic bispecific antibody format. The resulting TrisomAb molecules recruited NK cells, macrophages, and neutrophils as effector cells for eradication of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, TrisomAb had long in vivo half-life and strongly decreased B16F10gp75 tumor outgrowth in mice. Importantly, neutrophils of colorectal cancer patients effectively eliminated tumor cells in the presence of anti-EGFR TrisomAb but were less efficient in mediating killing in the presence of IgG anti-EGFR mAb (cetuximab). The clinical application of TrisomAb may provide potential alternatives for cancer patients who do not benefit from current IgG mAb therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Heemskerk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mandy Gruijs
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Robin Temming
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke H Heineke
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Y Gout
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tessa Hellingman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis W Tuk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paula J Winter
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur Eh Bentlage
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco de Donatis
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marijn Bögels
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thies Rösner
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jantine E Bakema
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Lara S, Anania JC, Virtanen A, Stenhammar V, Kleinau S. Importance of antibody isotypes in antitumor immunity by monocytes and complement using human-immune tumor models. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1218-1233. [PMID: 33533020 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized clinical medicine, especially in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The challenge now is to improve the response rates, as immunotherapy still fails for many patients. Strategies to enhance tumor cell death is a fundamental aim, but relevant model systems for human tumor immunology are lacking. Herein, we have developed a preclinical human immune - three-dimensional (3D) tumor model (spheroids) to map the efficiency of tumor-specific isotypes for improved tumor cell killing. Different anti-CD20 Rituximab (RTX) isotypes alone or in combination, were evaluated for mediating complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent phagocytosis by human monocytic cells in 3D spheroids, in parallel with monolayer cultures, of human CD20+ B-cell lymphomas. We demonstrate that the IgG3 variant of RTX has the greatest tumoricidal effect over other isotypes, and when combined with apoptosis-inducing RTX-IgG2 isotype the therapeutic effect can be substantially enhanced. The results show further that the treatment outcome by RTX isotypes is influenced by tumor morphology and expression of the complement inhibitor CD59. Hence, the human immune-3D tumor model is a clinical relevant and attractive ex vivo system to predict mAbs for best efficacy in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica C Anania
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Center for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alexander Virtanen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Stenhammar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sandra Kleinau
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Kridin K, Ahmed AR. The evolving role of rituximab in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:443-454. [PMID: 33455475 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1874915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threatening autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering disease. Systemic corticosteroids (CS), while life-saving, have several serious side effects. To improve treatment and prognosis, recently rituximab (RTX), a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20 molecule on B cells, has become popular. This Expert Opinion discusses clinical and scientifically relevant aspects of RTX treating PV. AREA COVERED This presentation describes the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety, adverse events, protocols used, and clinical outcomes. Concerns for infection, reactivation of latent or previous infections, and high relapse rate are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Use of RTX in PV is still a work in progress. There are many unanswered questions. FDA did not provide a protocol or guidelines. Whenever RTX is used, systemic corticosteroids are simultaneously used, albeit for a shorter duration and lower dose. Used in these doses for these durations they can cause immunosuppression. Would it be more appropriate if instead of 'First Line Therapy' it would be more advisable to use the term 'First Adjunctive Immunosuppressive Agent'?
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf Kridin
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Razzaque Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and the Center for Blistering Diseases, USA
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23
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Streicher LM. Exploring the future of infectious disease treatment in a post-antibiotic era: A comparative review of alternative therapeutics. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 24:285-295. [PMID: 33484895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is projected to be one of the greatest healthcare challenges of the 21st century. As the efficacy of these critical drugs wanes and the discovery of new antibiotics stagnates, exploration of alternative therapies could offer a much needed solution. Although numerous alternative therapies are currently under investigation, three in particular appear poised for long-term success, namely antimicrobial oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies and phage therapy. Antimicrobial oligonucleotides could conceivably offer the greatest spectrum of activity while having the lowest chance of unrecoverable resistance. Bacteriophages, while most susceptible to resistance, are inexhaustible, inexpensive and exceptionally adept at eliminating biofilm-associated infections. And although monoclonal antibodies may have limited access to such recalcitrant bacteria, these agents are uniquely able to neutralise exotoxins and other diffusible virulence factors. This comparative review seeks to illuminate these promising therapies and to encourage the scientific and financial support necessary to usher in the next generation of infectious disease treatment.
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24
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Kang SH, Lee CH. Development of Therapeutic Antibodies and Modulating the Characteristics of Therapeutic Antibodies to Maximize the Therapeutic Efficacy. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:295-311. [PMID: 34220207 PMCID: PMC8236339 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been used as therapeutic agents for various diseases, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) is mainly used among antibody isotypes due to its structural and functional properties. So far, regardless of the purpose of the therapeutic antibody, wildtype IgG has been mainly used, but recently, the engineered antibodies with various strategies according to the role of the therapeutic antibody have been used to maximize the therapeutic efficacy. In this review paper, first, the overall structural features and functional characteristics of antibody IgG, second, the old and new techniques for antibody discovery, and finally, several antibody engineering strategies for maximizing therapeutic efficacy according to the role of a therapeutic antibody will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Kang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Chang-Han Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,Hongcheon, 25159 Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea
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25
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Bohelay G, Caux F, Musette P. Clinical and biological activity of rituximab in the treatment of pemphigus. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:35-53. [PMID: 33045883 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cells are major effector cells in autoimmunity since they differentiate into plasmocytes that produce pathogenic auto-antibody such as anti-desmoglein antibodies in pemphigus patients. Major advances were obtained using whole B-cell depleting therapies including anti-CD20 antibodies in refractory pemphigus patients that lead to rituximab approval in pemphigus patients in EU and USA. This review summarizes the data supporting the efficacy of rituximab in pemphigus and provides an overview of the reported immunological changes underlying its therapeutic action. Short and long-term remission in pemphigus is explained by the removal of autoreactive B-cells involved in the production of pathogenic IgG auto-antibodies and by enhancement of the appearance of regulatory B-cells that could maintain long term immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérôme Bohelay
- Department of Dermatology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP & INSERM UMR1125, Bobigny, France
| | - Frédéric Caux
- Department of Dermatology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP & INSERM UMR1125, Bobigny, France
| | - Philippe Musette
- Department of Dermatology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP & INSERM UMR1125, Bobigny, France
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26
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Sarangi SC, Sopory P, Pattnaik SS, Reeta KH. Antibody-drug conjugates, cancer immunotherapy, and metronomic chemotherapy as novel approaches in cancer management. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:402-413. [PMID: 33283772 PMCID: PMC8025760 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_475_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer is a major challenge even though the pathophysiology is becoming clearer with time. A number of new chemical entities are developed to target cancer growth inhibition, but the targeted delivery of these products still needs novel research. This is of utmost importance not only for higher efficacy but also for a reduction in systemic toxicity and cost of treatment. Although multiple novel targets and molecules are being researched, most of them could not pass the regulatory approval process, due to low benefit-risk ratio and lack of target specificity. Failure of a majority of these drugs was in part due to their superiority claimed via surrogate markers. Despite these, currently, more than 100 chemotherapeutic agents are in practice. This review paper discusses in detail the molecular basis, drug discovery, and pros and cons over conventional treatment approaches of three novel approaches in cancer therapy, i.e., (i) antibody-drug conjugates, (ii) cancer immunotherapy, and (iii) metronomic chemotherapy. All the drugs developed using these three novel approaches were compared against the established treatment regimens in clinical trials with clinical end points, such as overall survival, progression-free survival, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranav Sopory
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - KH Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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27
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Burnet MC, Zamith-Miranda D, Heyman HM, Weitz KK, Bredeweg EL, Nosanchuk JD, Nakayasu ES. Remodeling of the Histoplasma Capsulatum Membrane Induced by Monoclonal Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E269. [PMID: 32498228 PMCID: PMC7349930 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a central role in host immunity by directly inactivating or recognizing an invading pathogen to enhance different immune responses to combat the invader. However, the cellular responses of pathogens to the presence of antibodies are not well-characterized. Here, we used different mass spectrometry techniques to study the cellular responses of the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum to monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against HSP60, the surface protein involved in infection. A proteomic analysis of H. capsulatum yeast cells revealed that mAb binding regulates a variety of metabolic and signaling pathways, including fatty acid metabolism, sterol metabolism, MAPK signaling and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. The regulation of the fatty acid metabolism was accompanied by increases in the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which further augmented the degree of unsaturated lipids in H. capsulatum's membranes and energy storage lipids, such as triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols. MAb treatment also regulated sterol metabolism by increasing the levels of cholesterol and ergosterol in the cells. We also showed that global changes in the lipid profiles resulted in an increased susceptibility of H. capsulatum to the ergosterol-targeting drug amphotericin B. Overall, our data showed that mAb induction of global changes in the composition of H. capsulatum membranes can potentially impact antifungal treatment during histoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan C. Burnet
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (M.C.B.); (H.M.H.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Daniel Zamith-Miranda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Heino M. Heyman
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (M.C.B.); (H.M.H.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Karl K. Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (M.C.B.); (H.M.H.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Erin L. Bredeweg
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA;
| | - Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (M.C.B.); (H.M.H.); (K.K.W.)
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28
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Karges J, Jakubaszek M, Mari C, Zarschler K, Goud B, Stephan H, Gasser G. Synthesis and Characterization of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Selective Ru II Polypyridyl-Nanobody Conjugate as a Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. Chembiochem 2020; 21:531-542. [PMID: 31339225 PMCID: PMC7065149 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a current surge of interest in the development of novel photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), as those currently approved are not completely ideal. Among the tested compounds, we have previously investigated the use of RuII polypyridyl complexes with a [Ru(bipy)2 (dppz)]2+ and [Ru(phen)2 (dppz)]2+ scaffold (bipy=2,2'-bipyridine; dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine; phen=1,10-phenanthroline). These complexes selectively target DNA. However, because DNA is ubiquitous, it would be of great interest to increase the selectivity of our PDT PSs by linking them to a targeting vector in view of targeted PDT. Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and in-depth photophysical evaluation of a nanobody-containing RuII polypyridyl conjugate selective for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in view of targeted PDT. Using ICP-MS and confocal microscopy, we could demonstrate that our conjugate has high selectivity for the EGFR receptor, which is a crucial oncological target because it is overexpressed and/or deregulated in a variety of solid tumors. However, in contrast to expectations, this conjugate was found to not produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and is therefore not phototoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology75005ParisFrance
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology75005ParisFrance
- Institut CuriePSL UniversityCNRS UMR 14426 rue d'Ulm75005ParisFrance
| | - Cristina Mari
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut CuriePSL UniversityCNRS UMR 14426 rue d'Ulm75005ParisFrance
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology75005ParisFrance
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29
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A novel strategy for glioblastoma treatment combining alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid with cetuximab using nanotechnology-based delivery systems. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:594-609. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Flow cytometry-based assessment of direct-targeting anti-cancer antibody immune effector functions. Methods Enzymol 2020; 632:431-456. [PMID: 32000909 PMCID: PMC7000137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-based therapies are increasingly being used to treat cancer. Some mediate their therapeutic effects through modifying the function of immune cells globally, while others bind directly to tumor cells and can recruit immune effector cells through their Fc regions. As new direct-binding agents are developed, having the ability to test their Fc-mediated functions in a high-throughput manner is important for selecting antibodies with immune effector properties. Here, using monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) as an example and the CD20+ Raji cell line as tumor target, we describe flow cytometry-based assays for determining an antibody's capacity for mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). These assays are sensitive, reliable, affordable and avoid the use of radioactivity.
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31
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Romano S, Fonseca N, Simões S, Gonçalves J, Moreira JN. Nucleolin-based targeting strategies for cancer therapy: from targeted drug delivery to cytotoxic ligands. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1985-2001. [PMID: 31271738 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death worldwide and current therapeutic approaches remain ineffective in several cases. Therefore, there is a need to develop more efficacious therapeutic agents, especially for subtypes of cancer lacking targeted therapies. Limited drug penetration into tumors impairs the efficacy of therapies targeting cancer cells. One of the strategies to overcome this problem is targeting the more accessible tumor vasculature via molecules such as nucleolin, which is expressed at the surface of cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells, thus enabling a dual cellular targeting strategy. In this review, we present and discuss nucleolin-based targeting strategies that have been developed for cancer therapy, with a special focus on recent antibody-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Romano
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Fonseca
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; TREAT U, SA, Parque Industrial de Taveiro, Lote 44, 3045-508 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548 Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- iMed. ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548 Portugal.
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32
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Didona D, Maglie R, Eming R, Hertl M. Pemphigus: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1418. [PMID: 31293582 PMCID: PMC6603181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus encompasses a heterogeneous group of autoimmune blistering diseases, which affect both mucous membranes and the skin. The disease usually runs a chronic-relapsing course, with a potentially devastating impact on the patients' quality of life. Pemphigus pathogenesis is related to IgG autoantibodies targeting various adhesion molecules in the epidermis, including desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3, major components of desmosomes. The pathogenic relevance of such autoantibodies has been largely demonstrated experimentally. IgG autoantibody binding to Dsg results in loss of epidermal keratinocyte adhesion, a phenomenon referred to as acantholysis. This in turn causes intra-epidermal blistering and the clinical appearance of flaccid blisters and erosions at involved sites. Since the advent of glucocorticoids, the overall prognosis of pemphigus has largely improved. However, mortality persists elevated, since long-term use of high dose corticosteroids and adjuvant steroid-sparing immunosuppressants portend a high risk of serious adverse events, especially infections. Recently, rituximab, a chimeric anti CD20 monoclonal antibody which induces B-cell depletion, has been shown to improve patients' survival, as early rituximab use results in higher disease remission rates, long term clinical response and faster prednisone tapering compared to conventional immunosuppressive therapies, leading to its approval as a first line therapy in pemphigus. Other anti B-cell therapies targeting B-cell receptor or downstream molecules are currently tried in clinical studies. More intriguingly, a preliminary study in a preclinical mouse model of pemphigus has shown promise regarding future therapeutic application of Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor T-cells engineered using Dsg domains to selectively target autoreactive B-cells. Conversely, previous studies from our group have demonstrated that B-cell depletion in pemphigus resulted in secondary impairment of T-cell function; this may account for the observed long-term remission following B-cell recovery in rituximab treated patients. Likewise, our data support the critical role of Dsg-specific T-cell clones in orchestrating the inflammatory response and B-cell activation in pemphigus. Monitoring autoreactive T-cells in patients may indeed provide further information on the role of these cells, and would be the starting point for designating therapies aimed at restoring the lost immune tolerance against Dsg. The present review focuses on current advances, unmet challenges and future perspectives of pemphigus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Didona
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Maglie
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Section of Dermatology, Departement of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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33
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Sakhnini LI, Greisen PJ, Wiberg C, Bozoky Z, Lund S, Wolf Perez AM, Karkov HS, Huus K, Hansen JJ, Bülow L, Lorenzen N, Dainiak MB, Pedersen AK. Improving the Developability of an Antigen Binding Fragment by Aspartate Substitutions. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2750-2759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laila I. Sakhnini
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per J. Greisen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Wiberg
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Bozoky
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Søren Lund
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Hanne S. Karkov
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kasper Huus
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Leif Bülow
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Lorenzen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Maria B. Dainiak
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Anja K. Pedersen
- Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
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34
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Bone Marrow Mast Cell Antibody-Targetable Cell Surface Protein Expression Profiles in Systemic Mastocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030552. [PMID: 30696068 PMCID: PMC6387409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, systemic mastocytosis (SM) remains an incurable disease due to limited complete remission (CR) rates even after novel therapies. To date, no study has evaluated the expression on SM bone marrow mast cells (BMMC) of large panel of cell surface suitable for antibody-targeted therapy. In this study, we analyzed the expression profile of six cell-surface proteins for which antibody-based therapies are available, on BMMC from 166 SM patients vs. 40 controls. Overall, variable patterns of expression for the markers evaluated were observed among SM BMMC. Thus, CD22, CD30, and CD123, while expressed on BMMC from patients within every subtype of SM, showed highly variable patterns with a significant fraction of negative cases among advanced SM (aggressive SM (ASM), ASM with an associated clonal non-MC lineage disease (ASM-AHN) and MC leukemia (MCL)), 36%, 46%, and 39%, respectively. In turn, CD25 and FcεRI were found to be expressed in most cases (89% and 92%) in virtually all BMMC (median: 92% and 95%) from both indolent and advanced SM, but with lower/absent levels in a significant fraction of MC leukemia (MCL) and both in MCL and well-differentiated SM (WDSM) patients, respectively. In contrast, CD33 was the only marker expressed on all BMMC from every SM patient. Thus, CD33 emerges as the best potentially targetable cell-surface membrane marker in SM, particularly in advanced SM.
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González-González E, Camacho-Sandoval R, Jiménez-Uribe A, Montes-Luna A, Cortés-Paniagua I, Sánchez-Morales J, Muñoz-García L, Tenorio-Calvo AV, López-Morales CA, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Pavón L, Pérez-Tapia SM, Medina-Rivero E. Validation of an ADCC assay using human primary natural killer cells to evaluate biotherapeutic products bearing an Fc region. J Immunol Methods 2018; 464:87-94. [PMID: 30395815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of biotherapeutics requires continuous improvement in analytical methodologies for the assessment of their quality attributes. A subset of biotherapeutics is designed to interact with specific antigens that are exposed on the membranes of target cells or circulating in a soluble form, and effector functions are achieved via recognition of their Fc region by effector cells that induce mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Thus, ADCC induction is a critical quality attribute (CQA) that must be evaluated to ensure biotherapeutic efficacy. Induction of ADCC can be evaluated by employing effector cells from different sources, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and genetically modified cell lines (e.g., transfected NKs or Jurkat cells), and different approaches can be used for detection and results interpretation depending on the type of effector cells used. In this regard, validation of the assays is relevant to ensure the reliability of the results according to the intended purpose. Herein, we show the standardization and validation of ADCC assays to test the potency of three biotherapeutic proteins using primary NK cells obtained from fresh blood as effector cells and detecting cell death by flow cytometry. The advantage of using primary NKs instead of modified cells is that the response is closer to that occurring in vivo since cytotoxicity is evaluated in a direct manner. Our results indicate that in all cases, the assays exhibited a characteristic sigmoidal dose/response curve complying with accurate, precise and specific parameters. Thereby, the validated ADCC assay is an appropriate alternative to evaluate the biological activities of these type of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith González-González
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosa Camacho-Sandoval
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alexis Jiménez-Uribe
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Montes-Luna
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ilselena Cortés-Paniagua
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Sánchez-Morales
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leslie Muñoz-García
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra V Tenorio-Calvo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos A López-Morales
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Marco A Velasco-Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Unidad Periférica de Investigación en Biomedicina Traslacional (CMN 20 de noviembre, ISSSTE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Emilio Medina-Rivero
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Naderi F, Hashemi M, Bayat H, Mohammadian O, Pourmaleki E, Etemadzadeh MH, Rahimpour A. The Augmenting Effects of the tDNA Insulator on Stable Expression of Monoclonal Antibody in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:200-206. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Naderi
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Bayat
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Es'hagh Pourmaleki
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Rahimpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hoque M, Ali S, Hoda M. Current status of G-protein coupled receptors as potential targets against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2237-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pierpont TM, Limper CB, Richards KL. Past, Present, and Future of Rituximab-The World's First Oncology Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:163. [PMID: 29915719 PMCID: PMC5994406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is a chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy with binding specificity to CD20. It was the first therapeutic antibody approved for oncology patients and was the top-selling oncology drug for nearly a decade with sales reaching $8.58 billion in 2016. Since its initial approval in 1997, it has improved outcomes in all B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite widespread use, most mechanistic data have been gathered from in vitro studies while the roles of the various response mechanisms in humans are still largely undetermined. Polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptor and complement protein genes have been implicated as potential predictors of differential response to rituximab, but have not yet shown sufficient influence to impact clinical decisions. Unlike most targeted therapies developed today, no known biomarkers to indicate target engagement/tumor response have been identified, aside from reduced tumor burden. The lack of companion biomarkers beyond CD20 itself has made it difficult to predict which patients will respond to any given anti-CD20 antibody. In the past decade, two new anti-CD20 antibodies have been approved: ofatumumab, which binds a distinct epitope of CD20, and obinutuzumab, a mAb derived from rituximab with modifications to the Fc portion and to its glycosylation. Both are fully humanized and have biological activity that is distinct from that of rituximab. In addition to these new anti-CD20 antibodies, another imminent change in targeted lymphoma treatment is the multitude of biosimilars that are becoming available as rituximab's patent expires. While the widespread use of rituximab itself will likely continue, its biosimilars will increase global access to the therapy. This review discusses current research into mechanisms and potential biomarkers of rituximab response, as well as its biosimilars and the newer CD20 binding mAb therapies. Increased ability to assess the effectiveness of rituximab in an individual patient, along with the availability of alternative anti-CD20 antibodies will likely lead to dramatic changes in how we use CD20 antibodies going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Pierpont
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Candice B. Limper
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kristy L. Richards
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Hassenrück F, Knödgen E, Göckeritz E, Midda SH, Vondey V, Neumann L, Herter S, Klein C, Hallek M, Krause G. Sensitive Detection of the Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity of Anti-CD20 Antibodies and Its Impairment by B-Cell Receptor Pathway Inhibitors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1023490. [PMID: 29750146 PMCID: PMC5884282 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1023490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) rituximab and obinutuzumab against the cell line Raji and isolated CLL cells and its potential impairment by kinase inhibitors (KI) was determined via lactate dehydrogenase release or calcein retention, respectively, using genetically modified NK92 cells expressing CD16-176V as effector cells. Compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, recombinant effector cell lines showed substantial alloreactivity-related cytotoxicity without addition of mAbs but afforded determination of ADCC with reduced interassay variability. The cytotoxicity owing to alloreactivity was less susceptible to interference by KI than the ADCC of anti-CD20 mAbs, which was markedly diminished by ibrutinib, but not by idelalisib. Compared to rituximab, the ADCC of obinutuzumab against primary CLL cells showed approximately 30% higher efficacy and less interference with KI. Irreversible BTK inhibitors at a clinically relevant concentration of 1 μM only weakly impaired the ADCC of anti-CD20 mAbs, with less influence in combinations with obinutuzumab than with rituximab and by acalabrutinib than by ibrutinib or tirabrutinib. In summary, NK cell line-based assays permitted the sensitive detection of ADCC of therapeutic anti-CD20 mAbs against CLL cells and of the interference of KI with this important killing mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Piperidines
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Purines/pharmacology
- Pyrazines/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Quinazolinones/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Rituximab/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Floyd Hassenrück
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD Cologne), Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Knödgen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD Cologne), Cologne, Germany
| | - Elisa Göckeritz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD Cologne), Cologne, Germany
| | - Safi Hasan Midda
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD Cologne), Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Vondey
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD Cologne), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Neumann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD Cologne), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sylvia Herter
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD Cologne), Cologne, Germany
| | - Günter Krause
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD Cologne), Cologne, Germany
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Ishchenko A, Gati C, Cherezov V. Structural biology of G protein-coupled receptors: new opportunities from XFELs and cryoEM. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 51:44-52. [PMID: 29554543 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors mediate cell signaling and regulate the majority of sensory and physiological processes in the human body. Recent breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray free electron lasers have accelerated structural studies of difficult-to-crystallize receptors and their signaling complexes, and have opened up new opportunities in understanding conformational dynamics and visualizing the process of receptor activation with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we summarize major milestones and challenges associated with the application of these techniques and outline future directions in their development with a focus on membrane protein structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Ishchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Cornelius Gati
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Stanford University, Department of Structural Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia.
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Chalouni C, Doll S. Fate of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Cancer Cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:20. [PMID: 29409507 PMCID: PMC5802061 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a class of cancer therapeutics that combines antigen specificity and potent cytotoxicity in a single molecule as they are comprised of an engineered antibody linked chemically to a cytotoxic drug. Four ADCs have received approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and can be prescribed for metastatic conditions while around 60 ADCs are currently enrolled in clinical trials. The efficacy of an ADC greatly relies on its intracellular trafficking and processing of its components to trigger tumor cell death. A limited number of studies have addressed these critical processes that both challenge and help foster the design of ADCs. This review highlights those mechanisms and their relevance for future development of ADCs as cancer therapeutics.
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Schmitt C, Marie-Cardine A, Bensussan A. Therapeutic Antibodies to KIR3DL2 and Other Target Antigens on Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1010. [PMID: 28912774 PMCID: PMC5582066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KIR3DL2 is a member of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family that was initially identified at the surface of natural killer (NK) cells. KIR3DL2, also known as CD158k, is expressed as a disulfide-linked homodimer. Each chain is composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains and a long cytoplasmic tail containing two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. Beside its expression on NK cells, it is also found on rare circulating T lymphocytes, mainly CD8+. Although the KIR gene number varies between haplotype, KIR3DL2 is a framework gene present in all individuals. Together with the presence of genomic regulatory sequences unique to KIR3DL2, this suggests some particular functions for the derived protein in comparison with other KIR family members. Several ligands have been identified for KIR3DL2. As for other KIRs, binding to HLA class I molecules is essential for NK development by promoting phenomena such as licensing and driving NK cell maturation. For KIR3DL2, this includes binding to HLA-A3 and -A11 and to the free heavy chain form of HLA-B27. In addition, KIR3DL2 binds to CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) and ensures their transport to endosomal toll-like receptor 9 that promotes cell activation. These characteristics have implicated KIR3DL2 in several pathologies: ankylosing spondylitis and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas such as Sézary syndrome, CD30+ cutaneous lymphoma, and transformed mycosis fungoides. Consequently, a new generation of humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against KIR3DL2 has been helpful in the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of these diseases. In addition, preliminary clinical studies of a novel targeted immunotherapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas using the anti-KIR3DL2 mAb IPH4102 are now underway. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of KIR3DL2 on the functions of CD4+ T cells and how targeting this receptor helps to develop innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmitt
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Marie-Cardine
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Mengus C, Muraro MG, Mele V, Amicarella F, Manfredonia C, Foglietta F, Muenst S, Soysal SD, Iezzi G, Spagnoli GC. In Vitro Modeling of Tumor-Immune System Interaction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:314-323. [PMID: 33418726 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged during the past two decades as an innovative and successful form of cancer treatment. However, frequently, mechanisms of actions are still unclear, predictive markers are insufficiently characterized, and preclinical assays for innovative treatments are poorly reliable. In this context, the analysis of tumor/immune system interaction plays key roles, but may be unreliably mirrored by in vivo experimental models and standard bidimensional culture systems. Tridimensional cultures of tumor cells have been developed to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems. Interestingly, defined aspects of the interaction of cells from adaptive and innate immune systems and tumor cells may also be mirrored by 3D cultures. Here we review in vitro models of cancer/immune cell interaction and we propose that updated technologies might help develop innovative treatments, identify biologicals of potential clinical relevance, and select patients eligible for immunotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Muenst
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas D Soysal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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Structural insights into the extracellular recognition of the human serotonin 2B receptor by an antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8223-8228. [PMID: 28716900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700891114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies provide an attractive alternative to small-molecule therapies for a wide range of diseases. Given the importance of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as pharmaceutical targets, there has been an immense interest in developing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that act on GPCRs. Here we present the 3.0-Å resolution structure of a complex between the human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor and an antibody Fab fragment bound to the extracellular side of the receptor, determined by serial femtosecond crystallography with an X-ray free-electron laser. The antibody binds to a 3D epitope of the receptor that includes all three extracellular loops. The 5-HT2B receptor is captured in a well-defined active-like state, most likely stabilized by the crystal lattice. The structure of the complex sheds light on the mechanism of selectivity in extracellular recognition of GPCRs by monoclonal antibodies.
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45
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Golay J. Direct targeting of cancer cells with antibodies: What can we learn from the successes and failure of unconjugated antibodies for lymphoid neoplasias? J Autoimmun 2017; 85:6-19. [PMID: 28666691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Following approval in 1997 of the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab for the treatment of B-NHL and CLL, many other unconjugated IgG1 MAbs have been tested in pre-clinical and clinical trials for the treatment of lymphoid neoplasms. Relatively few have been approved however and these are directed against a limited number of target antigens (CD20, CD52, CCR4, CD38, CD319). We review here the known biological properties of these antibodies and discuss which factors may have led to their success or may, on the contrary, limit their clinical application. Common factors of the approved MAbs are that the target antigen is expressed at relatively high levels on the neoplastic targets and their mechanism of action is mostly immune-mediated. Indeed most of these MAbs induce ADCC and phagocytosis by macrophages, and many also activate complement, leading to target cell lysis. In contrast direct cell death induction is not a common feature but may enhance efficacy in some cases. Interestingly, a key factor for the success of several MAbs appears to be their capacity to skew immunity towards an anti-tumour mode, by inhibiting/depleting suppressor cells and/or activating immune cells within the microenvironment, independently of FcγRs. We also expose here some of the strategies employed by industry to expand the clinical use of these molecules beyond their original indication. Interestingly, due to the central role of lymphocytes in the control of the immune response, several of the antibodies are now successfully used to treat many different autoimmune diseases and have also been formally approved for some of these new indications. There is little doubt that this trend will continue and that the precise mechanisms of therapeutic MAbs will be further dissected and better understood in the context of both tumour immunology and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", USC Haematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Via Garibaldi 11-13, 24128, Bergamo, Italy.
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Lee CH, Romain G, Yan W, Watanabe M, Charab W, Todorova B, Lee J, Triplett K, Donkor M, Lungu OI, Lux A, Marshall N, Lindorfer MA, Goff ORL, Balbino B, Kang TH, Tanno H, Delidakis G, Alford C, Taylor RP, Nimmerjahn F, Varadarajan N, Bruhns P, Zhang YJ, Georgiou G. IgG Fc domains that bind C1q but not effector Fcγ receptors delineate the importance of complement-mediated effector functions. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:889-898. [PMID: 28604720 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Engineered crystallizable fragment (Fc) regions of antibody domains, which assume a unique and unprecedented asymmetric structure within the homodimeric Fc polypeptide, enable completely selective binding to the complement component C1q and activation of complement via the classical pathway without any concomitant engagement of the Fcγ receptor (FcγR). We used the engineered Fc domains to demonstrate in vitro and in mouse models that for therapeutic antibodies, complement-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CDCC) and complement-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (CDCP) by immunological effector molecules mediated the clearance of target cells with kinetics and efficacy comparable to those of the FcγR-dependent effector functions that are much better studied, while they circumvented certain adverse reactions associated with FcγR engagement. Collectively, our data highlight the importance of CDCC and CDCP in monoclonal-antibody function and provide an experimental approach for delineating the effect of complement-dependent effector-cell engagement in various therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Han Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Gabrielle Romain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wupeng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Wissam Charab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Biliana Todorova
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France.,INSERM, U760, Paris, France
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kendra Triplett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Moses Donkor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Oana I Lungu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anja Lux
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicholas Marshall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Odile Richard-Le Goff
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France.,INSERM, U760, Paris, France
| | - Bianca Balbino
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France.,INSERM, U760, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Tae Hyun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Hidetaka Tanno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - George Delidakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Corrine Alford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France.,INSERM, U760, Paris, France
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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47
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Bergeron AC, Barker SE, Brothers KM, Prasad BC, Wheeler RT. Polyclonal anti-Candida antibody improves phagocytosis and overall outcome in zebrafish model of disseminated candidiasis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:69-78. [PMID: 27884707 PMCID: PMC6700731 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a major cause of animal and plant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective biological therapeutics could complement current antifungal drugs, but understanding of their in vivo mechanisms has been hampered by technical barriers to intravital imaging of host-pathogen interactions. Here we characterize the fungal infection of zebrafish as a model to understand the mechanism-of-action for biological antifungal therapeutics through intravital imaging of these transparent animals. We find that non-specific human IgG enhances phagocytosis by zebrafish phagocytes in vivo. Polyclonal anti-Candida antibodies enhance containment of fungi in vivo and promote survival. Analysis suggests that early phagocytic containment is a strong prognostic indicator for overall survival. Although polyclonal anti-Candida antibodies protect against disease, this is not necessarily the case for individual monoclonal anti-Candida antibodies. Thus, the zebrafish appears to provide a useful model host for testing if a biological therapeutic promotes phagocytosis in vivo and enhances protection against candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C Bergeron
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Sarah E Barker
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Kimberly M Brothers
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Brinda C Prasad
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Robert T Wheeler
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States.
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48
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Beirão BCB, Raposo T, Jain S, Hupp T, Argyle DJ. Challenges and opportunities for monoclonal antibody therapy in veterinary oncology. Vet J 2016; 218:40-50. [PMID: 27938708 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have come to dominate the biologics market in human cancer therapy. Nevertheless, in veterinary medicine, very few clinical trials have been initiated using this form of therapy. Some of the advantages of mAb therapeutics over conventional drugs are high specificity, precise mode of action and long half-life, which favour infrequent dosing of the antibody. Further advancement in the field of biomedical sciences has led to the production of different forms of antibodies, such as single chain antibody fragment, Fab, bi-specific antibodies and drug conjugates for use in diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review describes the potential for mAbs in veterinary oncology in supporting both diagnosis and therapy of cancer. The technical and financial hurdles to facilitate clinical acceptance of mAbs are explored and insights into novel technologies and targets that could support more rapid clinical development are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno C B Beirão
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Raposo
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Ted Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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49
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Kizhedath A, Wilkinson S, Glassey J. Applicability of predictive toxicology methods for monoclonal antibody therapeutics: status Quo and scope. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1595-1612. [PMID: 27766364 PMCID: PMC5364268 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals, monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics in particular, have positively impacted millions of lives. MAbs and related therapeutics are highly desirable from a biopharmaceutical perspective as they are highly target specific and well tolerated within the human system. Nevertheless, several mAbs have been discontinued or withdrawn based either on their inability to demonstrate efficacy and/or due to adverse effects. Approved monoclonal antibodies and derived therapeutics have been associated with adverse effects such as immunogenicity, cytokine release syndrome, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, intravascular haemolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, abnormal liver function, gastrointestinal perforation, bronchospasm, intraocular inflammation, urticaria, nephritis, neuropathy, birth defects, fever and cough to name a few. The advances made in this field are also impeded by a lack of progress in bioprocess development strategies as well as increasing costs owing to attrition, wherein the lack of efficacy and safety accounts for nearly 60 % of all factors contributing to attrition. This reiterates the need for smarter preclinical development using quality by design-based approaches encompassing carefully designed predictive models during early stages of drug development. Different in vitro and in silico methods are extensively used for predicting biological activity as well as toxicity during small molecule drug development; however, their full potential has not been utilized for biological drug development. The scope of in vitro and in silico tools in early developmental stages of monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics production and how it contributes to lower attrition rates leading to faster development of potential drug candidates has been evaluated. The applicability of computational toxicology approaches in this context as well as the pitfalls and promises of extending such techniques to biopharmaceutical development has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Kizhedath
- Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE17RU, UK. .,Medical Toxicology Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK.
| | - Simon Wilkinson
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Jarka Glassey
- Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE17RU, UK
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50
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Cook EM, Lindorfer MA, van der Horst H, Oostindie S, Beurskens FJ, Schuurman J, Zent CS, Burack R, Parren PWHI, Taylor RP. Antibodies That Efficiently Form Hexamers upon Antigen Binding Can Induce Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity under Complement-Limiting Conditions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1762-75. [PMID: 27474078 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that IgG Abs can organize into ordered hexamers after binding their cognate Ags expressed on cell surfaces. This process is dependent on Fc:Fc interactions, which promote C1q binding, the first step in classical pathway complement activation. We went on to engineer point mutations that stimulated IgG hexamer formation and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The hexamer formation-enhanced (HexaBody) CD20 and CD38 mAbs support faster, more robust CDC than their wild-type counterparts. To further investigate the CDC potential of these mAbs, we used flow cytometry, high-resolution digital imaging, and four-color confocal microscopy to examine their activity against B cell lines and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in sera depleted of single complement components. We also examined the CDC activity of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) and mAb W6/32 (anti-HLA), which bind at high density to cells and promote substantial complement activation. Although we observed little CDC for mAb-opsonized cells reacted with sera depleted of early complement components, we were surprised to discover that the Hexabody mAbs, as well as ALM and W6/32, were all quite effective at promoting CDC in sera depleted of individual complement components C6 to C9. However, neutralization studies conducted with an anti-C9 mAb verified that C9 is required for CDC activity against cell lines. These highly effective complement-activating mAbs efficiently focus activated complement components on the cell, including C3b and C9, and promote CDC with a very low threshold of MAC binding, thus providing additional insight into their enhanced efficacy in promoting CDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | | | | | | | | | - Clive S Zent
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Richard Burack
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Paul W H I Parren
- Genmab, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
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