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Noguchi N, Niki E. Vitamin E nomenclature. Is RRR-α-tocopherol the only vitamin E? Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:257-260. [PMID: 38754742 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
It has generally been accepted that vitamin E refers to a group of tocochromanols, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols and the corresponding four tocotrienols. Recently, Azzi and colleagues proposed to restrict the term vitamin E only to RRR-α-tocopherol, not to other tocopherols and tocotrienols (Azzi A et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2023; 207:178-180. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.029). The aim of this paper is to express our opinion on the nomenclature of vitamin E based on available scientific data. In our opinion, it would be inappropriate to exclude all the tocochromanols other than RRR-α-tocopherol from the vitamin E group at this stage when the molecular mechanisms showing how vitamin E deficiency causes diseases such as ataxia and how vitamin E prevents/reverses such diseases are not elucidated. Understanding of whole functions of tocochromanols including underlying mechanisms and dynamics is essential before revision of currently accepted definition of vitamin E. The potential roles of γ-tocopherol and tocotrienols are discussed despite whether they are vitamin function should be clarified in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Noguchi
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.
| | - Etsuo Niki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Liu EH, Liao WZ, Chen HK, Huang XY, Li RX, Liang HW, Guo XG. Association between serum vitamin E and bacterial vaginitis in women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:316. [PMID: 38824532 PMCID: PMC11143631 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial vaginitis (BV) is a common vaginal disease. Vitamin E has been shown to reduce BV by enhancing immune function, but no studies have analyzed the relationship between vitamin E and BV at different BMIs and ages. METHOD This study used 2242 participants from four cycles of NHANES 1999-2006 in American. Participants' vitamin E levels were divided into four groups, and analyses such as study population description, stratified analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis, and curve fitting were performed. To perform data processing, the researchers used the statistical package R (The R Foundation; http://www.r-project.org ; version 3.6.3) and Empower Stats software ( www.empowerstats.net , X&Y solutions, Inc. Boston, Massachusetts). RESULT The concentrations of serum vitamin E were negatively correlated with the risk of BV, especially when vitamin E were at 1198-5459ug/dL with (OR = -0.443, 95%CI = 0.447-0.923, P = 0.032) or without (OR = -0.521, 95%CI = 0.421-0.837, P = 0.006) adjustment for variables. At the same time, at lower levels, there was no significant association. Vitamin E supplementation may significantly reduce the risk of BV (p < 0.001). In addition, the risk of having BV decreased and then increased with increasing vitamin E concentrations at high BMI levels (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Vitamin E at moderate to high concentrations may significantly reduce BV risk, says the study, providing clinical evidence for the prevention and the treatment of BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wan-Zhe Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Nanshan College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hao-Kai Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Rui-Xuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Department of Public Utilities Management, The Health Management College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hao-Wen Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Costa Lemos da Silva AG, da Silva Ribeiro KD, Alves de Araújo GE, da Silva Oliveira L, de Oliveira Lyra C. Vitamin E and cardiovascular diseases: an interest to public health? Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:131-140. [PMID: 37382196 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. From this perspective, the role of vitamin E and its metabolites in preventing CVD has been studied, being supported by the findings that low vitamin E concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Despite this, no studies have analysed the co-existence of vitamin E deficiency (VED) and CVD on the basis of population studies. Facing that, this study summarises information on the relationship between vitamin E status and CVD, providing a basis for understanding the determining and protective factors for its development. VED may be a public health problem since it has been observed to vary from 0·6% to 55·5% worldwide, with higher percentages in Asia and Europe, where CVD mortality rates stand out. Intervention studies with α-tocopherol supplementation do not confirm cardioprotective action of vitamin E, which may reflect that α-tocopherol alone does not provide cardiovascular protection to individuals, but the consumption of all isomers found in food. Considering that low concentrations of α-tocopherol can lead to a higher susceptibility to diseases involving oxidative stress in the population, in addition to the high and growing prevalence of CVD and VED, it is essential to investigate or reinterpret the mechanisms of action of vitamin E and its metabolites in the cardiovascular process to better understand the co-existence of CVD and VED. It is also important to implement public health policies and programmes aimed at promoting the consumption of natural food sources of vitamin E and healthy fats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Letícia da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Clélia de Oliveira Lyra
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Shi Z, Wan Y, Peng M, Zhang J, Gao Z, Wang X, Zhu F. Vitamin E: An assistant for black soldier fly to reduce cadmium accumulation and toxicity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108547. [PMID: 38458120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal associated with osteoporosis, liver, and kidney disease. The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens may be exposed to Cd during the transformation of livestock manure. The BSF has a high tolerance to Cd. In the previous work of the laboratory, we found that vitamin E (VE) may play a role in the tolerance of BSF to Cd exposure. The main findings are as follows: The BSF larvae pretreated with exogenous VE had heavier body weight, lower content and toxicity of Cd under similar Cd exposure. Even in high Cd exposure at the concentrations of 300 and 700 mg/kg, the BSF larvae pretreated with exogenous VE at a concentration of 100 mg/kg still reduced the Cd toxicity to 85.33 % and 84.43 %, respectively. The best-fitting models showed that metallothionein (MT) content, oxidative damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine content, malondialdehyde content), antioxidant power (total antioxidant power, peroxidase activity) had a great influence on content and toxicity of Cd bioaccumulated in the larvae. The degree of oxidative damage was reduced in the larvae with exogenous VE pretreatments. This variation can be explained by their changed MT content and increased antioxidant power because of exogenous VE. These results reveal the roles of VE in insects defense against Cd exposure and provide a new option for the prevention and therapy of damage caused by Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Shi
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yujia Wan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Miao Peng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhenghui Gao
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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5
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Al-Sowayan NS, Abdullah Almarzougi R. Vitamin E reduces oxidative stress in brains of male albino male rats undergoing immobilization. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103900. [PMID: 38173441 PMCID: PMC10761899 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress can lead to various health problems. Exposure to stress is linked to several diseases including cancer, hypertension, diabetes, mental disorders, and heart attacks. Stress stimulates several pathways that produce free radicals, which increases oxidative stress. This results in functional and structural damage to organs, such as the brain, which is highly sensitive to oxidative stress Vitamin E is a naturally occurring potent antioxidant used for various purposes. The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate how vitamin E protects the brain and to what extent it affects antioxidant levels in rats subjected to two hours per day of immobilization stress, the form of stress with the strongest effect. The rats were immobilized by folding their limbs in and wrapping them in netting to prevent movement, while allowing their tails to be extended. The rats were then hung upside down. The effect of vitamin E was tested by intraperitoneally injecting rats with 40 mg/kg of vitamin E daily. Oxidative stress parameters were determined at the completion of the experiment. A dramatic decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and an increase in catalase (CAT), including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), has been shown by vitamin E in the brain. The effects of vitamin E were significantly higher in the acute and chronic stress groups than in the control group. Vitamin E can decrease oxidative stress in stressed rats, indicating that it exerts therapeutic and protective effects owing to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reem Abdullah Almarzougi
- Master Student and Biology Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar M, Deshmukh P, Kumar M, Bhatt A, Sinha AH, Chawla P. Vitamin E Supplementation and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e48142. [PMID: 38046702 PMCID: PMC10692867 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This article conducts a thorough investigation into the potential role of vitamin E in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the context of shifting mortality patterns from infectious diseases to the continued prominence of CVDs in modern medicine. The primary focus is on vitamin E's antioxidant properties and its specific ability to counter lipid peroxidation, a pivotal process in the early stages of atherosclerosis, a precursor to CVDs. The research spans a wide range of methodologies, including in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and experimental studies, examining how vitamin E affects critical aspects of cardiovascular health, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. It also explores vitamin E's influence on complex processes like smooth muscle cell development, oxidative stress reduction, foam cell formation, and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. In the context of clinical studies, the article presents findings that both support and yield inconclusive results regarding the impact of vitamin E supplementation on CVDs. It acknowledges the intricate interplay of factors such as patient selection, pathophysiological conditions, and genetic variations, all of which can significantly influence the efficacy of vitamin E. The article underscores the need for ongoing research, with a specific focus on understanding the regulatory metabolites of vitamin E and their roles in modulating cellular processes relevant to CVDs. It highlights the potential for innovative therapeutic approaches based on a deeper comprehension of vitamin E's multifaceted effects. However, it also candidly addresses the challenges of translating clinical trial findings into practical applications and emphasizes the importance of considering diverse variables to optimize therapeutic outcomes. In summary, this meticulously conducted study provides a comprehensive examination of vitamin E's potential as a preventive agent against CVDs, recognizing the complexity of the subject and the need for continued research to unlock its full potential in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prasad Deshmukh
- Otolaryngology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Asmi Bhatt
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arya Harshyt Sinha
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Parth Chawla
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Azzi A. Reflections on a century of vitamin E research: Looking at the past with an eye on the future. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:155-160. [PMID: 34478835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The name vitamin E, was given by Barnett and Sure who suggested that the factor proposed by Evans and Bishop as substance "X," be termed vitamin "E" as the next vitamin after the A, B, C and D vitamins had been already described. The identification of vitamin E with a-tocopherol was made in 1936 by Evans' group. One year later β-tocopherol and 11 years later δ-tocopherol were isolated. Tocotrienol (named zetatocopherol) was first described in 1957 and later isolated in 1961. The antioxidant property of tocopherols was reported by Olcott and Emerson in 1937. Inherited vitamin E deficiency, AVED, characterized by a form of neuromyopathy was first described in 1981. The disease, was localized to chromosome 8q and found to be caused by a mutation of the a-TTP gene. The subsequent paragraphs are not a comprehensive review but only critical reflections on some important aspects of vitamin E research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Azzi
- School of Graduate Biomedical Pharmacology and Drug Development Program, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.
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Synthesis of [ 18F]F-γ-T-3, a Redox-Silent γ-Tocotrienol (γ-T-3) Vitamin E Analogue for Image-Based In Vivo Studies of Vitamin E Biodistribution and Dynamics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235700. [PMID: 33287202 PMCID: PMC7730577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E, a natural antioxidant, is of interest to scientists, health care pundits and faddists; its nutritional and biomedical attributes may be validated, anecdotal or fantasy. Vitamin E is a mixture of tocopherols (TPs) and tocotrienols (T-3s), each class having four substitutional isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ-). Vitamin E analogues attain only low concentrations in most tissues, necessitating exacting invasive techniques for analytical research. Quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) with an F-18-labeled molecular probe would expedite access to Vitamin E’s biodistributions and pharmacokinetics via non-invasive temporal imaging. (R)-6-(3-[18F]Fluoropropoxy)-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl)-chromane ([18F]F-γ-T-3) was prepared for this purpose. [18F]F-γ-T-3 was synthesized from γ-T-3 in two steps: (i) 1,3-di-O-tosylpropane was introduced at C6-O to form TsO-γ-T-3, and (ii) reaction of this tosylate with [18F]fluoride in DMF/K222. Non-radioactive F-γ-T-3 was synthesized by reaction of γ-T-3 with 3-fluoropropyl methanesulfonate. [18F]F-γ-T-3 biodistribution in a murine tumor model was imaged using a small-animal PET scanner. F-γ-T-3 was prepared in 61% chemical yield. [18F]F-γ-T-3 was synthesized in acceptable radiochemical yield (RCY 12%) with high radiochemical purity (>99% RCP) in 45 min. Preliminary F-18 PET images in mice showed upper abdominal accumulation with evidence of renal clearance, only low concentrations in the thorax (lung/heart) and head, and rapid clearance from blood. [18F]F-γ-T-3 shows promise as an F-18 PET tracer for detailed in vivo studies of Vitamin E. The labeling procedure provides acceptable RCY, high RCP and pertinence to all eight Vitamin E analogues.
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Lee H. Vitamin E acetate as linactant in the pathophysiology of EVALI. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110182. [PMID: 33254504 PMCID: PMC7422838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent identification of Vitamin E acetate as one of the causal agents for the e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI) is a major milestone. In membrane biophysics, Vitamin E is a linactant and a potent modulator of lateral phase separation that effectively reduces the line tension at the two-dimensional phase boundaries and thereby exponentially increases the surface viscosity of the pulmonary surfactant. Disrupted dynamics of respiratory compression-expansion cycling may result in an extensive hypoxemia, leading to an acute respiratory distress entailing the formation of intraalveolar lipid-laden macrophages. Supplementation of pulmonary surfactants which retain moderate level of cholesterol and controlled hypothermia for patients are recommended when the hypothesis that the line-active property of the vitamin derivative drives the pathogenesis of EVALI holds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Lee
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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Gleize B, Hiolle M, Meunier N, Pereira B, Richard R, Savary‐Auzeloux I, Buffière C, Peyron M, Halimi C, Caris‐Veyrat C, Nau F, Reboul E. Food Structure Modulates the Bioavailability of Triglycerides and Vitamin D, and Partly That of Lutein: A Randomized Trial with a Crossover Design in Adults. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000228. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manon Hiolle
- STLO, INRAE AGROCAMPUS OUEST Rennes 35042 France
| | - Nathalie Meunier
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand 63000 France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand DRCI Clermont‐Ferrand 63000 France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand 63000 France
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand DRCI Clermont‐Ferrand 63000 France
| | - Isabelle Savary‐Auzeloux
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019 University Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | - Caroline Buffière
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019 University Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | - Marie‐Agnès Peyron
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019 University Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
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Kohlschütter A, Finckh B, Nickel M, Bley A, Hübner C. First Recognized Patient with Genetic Vitamin E Deficiency Stable after 36 Years of Controlled Supplement Therapy. NEURODEGENER DIS 2020; 20:35-38. [DOI: 10.1159/000508080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Familial isolated deficiency of vitamin E (VED or AVED; MIM #277460) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resembling Friedreich ataxia. It is caused by the deficiency of α-tocopherol transfer protein that prevents patients from retaining vitamin E. Oral vitamin E supplements are an accepted treatment, but detailed dosage recommendations and reports on long-term therapeutic results are scarce. Methods: The first patient with VED was discovered at our institution at the age of 12 years and has since been followed with clinical, neurophysiological, neuroradiological, and biochemical investigations to his present age of 52 years. For the last 36 years, the patient has scrupulously followed a custom-made high-dose vitamin E supplement regimen that we devised on the basis of studies of his metabolism of vitamin E. Results: Over the long period of observation, the patient has remained in good general health and has not shown progression of neurological symptoms and signs. His vitamin E plasma levels were always moderately above the normal range. During short interruptions of vitamin E supplements, vitamin E levels fell rapidly, even after years of massive supplementation. Discussion: In this VED patient, a specified and carefully controlled high-dose vitamin E therapy has prevented any recognizable progression of the neurodegenerative process over more than 3 decades of observation.
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Dormont F, Brusini R, Cailleau C, Reynaud F, Peramo A, Gendron A, Mougin J, Gaudin F, Varna M, Couvreur P. Squalene-based multidrug nanoparticles for improved mitigation of uncontrolled inflammation in rodents. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz5466. [PMID: 32548259 PMCID: PMC7274527 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammatory processes are at the root of numerous pathologies. Most recently, studies on confirmed COVID-19 cases have suggested that mortality might be due to virally induced hyperinflammation. Uncontrolled pro-inflammatory states are often driven by continuous positive feedback loops between pro-inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress, which cannot be resolved in a targeted manner. Here, we report on the development of multidrug nanoparticles for the mitigation of uncontrolled inflammation. The nanoparticles are made by conjugating squalene, a natural lipid, to adenosine, an endogenous immunomodulator, and then encapsulating α-tocopherol, as antioxidant. This resulted in high drug loading, biocompatible, multidrug nanoparticles. By exploiting the endothelial dysfunction at sites of acute inflammation, these multidrug nanoparticles delivered the therapeutic agents in a targeted manner, conferring survival advantage to treated animals in models of endotoxemia. Selectively delivering adenosine and antioxidants together could serve as a novel therapeutic approach for safe treatment of acute paradoxal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Dormont
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Romain Brusini
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Catherine Cailleau
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Franceline Reynaud
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21944-59 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaud Peramo
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Amandine Gendron
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julie Mougin
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Françoise Gaudin
- Plateforme d’Histologie Immunopathologie de Clamart (PHIC) Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation thérapeutique, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Mariana Varna
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
Redox reactions control fundamental processes of human biology. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the responses and adaptations to exercise are, at least in part, mediated by redox reactions. In this review, we are trying to show that redox reactions are the basis of exercise physiology by outlining the redox signaling pathways that regulate four characteristic acute exercise-induced responses (muscle contractile function, glucose uptake, blood flow and bioenergetics) and four chronic exercise-induced adaptations (mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle hypertrophy, angiogenesis and redox homeostasis). Based on our analysis, we argue that redox regulation should be acknowledged as central to exercise physiology.
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Effects of pentoxifylline and tocopherol on a rat-irradiated jaw model using micro-CT cortical bone analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:3443-3452. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Margier M, Antoine T, Siriaco A, Nowicki M, Halimi C, Maillot M, Georgé S, Reboul E. The Presence of Pulses within a Meal can Alter Fat-Soluble Vitamin Bioavailability. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801323. [PMID: 30920145 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It is widely advised to increase pulse consumption. However, pulses are rich in molecules displaying lipid-lowering properties, including fibers, phytates, saponins, and tannins. The effects of pulses on fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability were thus explored. METHODS Vitamin A (β-carotene and retinyl palmitate), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), vitamin D (cholecalciferol), and vitamin K (phylloquinone) bioaccessibility was evaluated by assessing micellarization after in vitro digestion of meals containing either potatoes (control), household-cooked, or canned pulses. The obtained mixed micelles were delivered to Caco-2 cells to evaluate vitamin uptake. The impact of fibers, phytates, saponins, and tannins on both phylloquinone (used as a model vitamin) bioaccessibility and uptake were then specifically assessed. RESULTS The presence of pulses significantly decreased both vitamin bioaccessibility (up to -65% for β-carotene, -69% for retinyl-palmitate, -45% for cholecalciferol, -53% for α-tocopherol and -67% for phylloquinone) and uptake (-40% for retinyl-palmitate, -67% for cholecalciferol, -50% for α-tocopherol and -57% for phylloquinone). Effects on bioaccessibility, but not on uptake, are dependent on pulse cooking method. Phylloquinone bioaccessibility is specifically impacted by saponins, tannins, and fibers while its uptake is impacted by saponins, fibers, and phytates. CONCLUSION Pulses can alter fat-soluble micronutrient bioavailability. Pulses should thus be cooked appropriately and consumed within micronutrient-rich meals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany Antoine
- Aix-Marseille University, INRA, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Siriaco
- Aix-Marseille University, INRA, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Nowicki
- Aix-Marseille University, INRA, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Georgé
- Centre Technique de Conservation des Produits Agricoles (CTCPA), site Agroparc, 84911, Avignon, France
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16
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Sozen E, Demirel T, Ozer NK. Vitamin E: Regulatory role in the cardiovascular system. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:507-515. [PMID: 30779288 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, all around the world. Vitamin E is an important nutrient influencing key cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as gene expression regulation centrally involved in the prevention of CVD. Cell culture and animal studies have focused on the identification of vitamin E regulated signaling pathways and involvement on inflammation, lipid homeostasis, and atherosclerotic plaque stability. While some of these vitamin E functions were verified in clinical trials, some of the positive effects were not translated into beneficial outcomes in epidemiological studies. In recent years, the physiological metabolites of vitamin E, including the liver derived (long- and short-chain) metabolites and phosphorylated (α-, γ-tocopheryl phosphate) forms, have also provided novel mechanistic insight into CVD regulation that expands beyond the vitamin E precursor. It is certain that this emerging insight into the molecular and cellular action of vitamin E will help to design further studies, either in animal models or clinical trials, on the reduction of risk for CVDs. This review focuses on vitamin E-mediated preventive cardiovascular effects and discusses novel insights into the biology and mechanism of action of vitamin E metabolites in CVD. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(4):507-515, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Zingg JM. Vitamin E: Regulatory Role on Signal Transduction. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:456-478. [PMID: 30556637 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E modulates signal transduction pathways by several molecular mechanisms. As a hydrophobic molecule located mainly in membranes it contributes together with other lipids to the physical and structural characteristics such as membrane stability, curvature, fluidity, and the organization into microdomains (lipid rafts). By acting as the main lipid-soluble antioxidant, it protects other lipids such as mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) against chemical reactions with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) and prevents membrane destabilization and cellular dysfunction. In cells, vitamin E affects signaling in redox-dependent and redox-independent molecular mechanisms by influencing the activity of enzymes and receptors involved in modulating specific signal transduction and gene expression pathways. By protecting and preventing depletion of MUFA and PUFA it indirectly enables regulatory effects that are mediated by the numerous lipid mediators derived from these lipids. In recent years, some vitamin E metabolites have been observed to affect signal transduction and gene expression and their relevance for the regulatory function of vitamin E is beginning to be elucidated. In particular, the modulation of the CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acids transporter by vitamin E may influence many cellular signaling pathways relevant for lipid homeostasis, inflammation, survival/apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and senescence. Thus, vitamin E has an important role in modulating signal transduction and gene expression pathways relevant for its uptake, distribution, metabolism, and molecular action that when impaired affect physiological and patho-physiological cellular functions relevant for the prevention of a number of diseases. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):456-478, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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18
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Khadangi F, Azzi A. Vitamin E - The Next 100 Years. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:411-415. [PMID: 30550633 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol is the only tocopherol that has been shown to prevent the human deficiency disease Ataxia with Isolated Vitamin E Deficiency (AVED), and thus it is the only one that, for humans, can be called vitamin E. Vitamin E in addition to preventing AVED has documented immune boosting properties and an activity against nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis and low-grade inflammation. Epidemiological studies indicating that vitamin E could prevent cardiovascular events, neurodegenerative disease, macular degeneration, and cancer were in general not confirmed by clinical intervention studies. Vitamin E and some of its metabolites modulate cell signaling and gene transcription. Future research is needed to achieve a better understanding of the molecular events leading to gene regulation by vitamin E, especially in its phosphorylated form. Isolation and characterization of the vitamin E kinase and vitamin E phosphate phosphatase will help in the understanding of cell regulation processes modulated by vitamin E. A clarification of the pathogenesis of AVED remains an important goal to be achieved. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):411-415, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Reboul E. Vitamin E intestinal absorption: Regulation of membrane transport across the enterocyte. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:416-423. [PMID: 30308094 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is an essential molecule for our development and health. It has long been thought that it was absorbed and transported through cellular membranes by a passive diffusion process. However, data obtained during the past 15 years showed that its absorption is actually mediated, at least in part, by cholesterol membrane transporters including the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), CD36 molecule (CD36), NPC1-like transporter 1 (NPC1L1), and ATP-binding cassettes A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1). This review focuses on the absorption process of vitamin E across the enterocyte. A special attention is given to the regulation of this process, including the possible competition with other fat-soluble micronutrients, and the modulation of transporter expressions. Overall, recent results noticeably increased the comprehension of vitamin E intestinal transport, but additional investigations are still required to fully appreciate the mechanisms governing vitamin E bioavailability. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):416-423, 2019.
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Chen J, Sun B, Gao G, Ye J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Shao L. Study on the Synthesis of 2,3,5-Trimethyl-1,4-Benzoquinone by an RSR+STR Tandem Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Baochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jieming Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Abstract
The hydrophobicity of vitamin E poses transport and metabolic challenges to regulate its bioavailability and to prevent its accumulation in lipid-rich tissues such as adipose tissue, brain, and liver. Water-soluble precursors of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, αT), such as its esters with acetate (αTA), succinate (αTS), or phosphate (αTP), have increased solubility in water and stability against reaction with free radicals, but they are rapidly converted during their uptake into the lipid-soluble vitamin E. Therefore, the bioavailability of these precursors as intact molecules is low; nevertheless, at least for αTS and αTP, the recent research has revealed unique regulatory effects on signal transduction and gene expression and the modulation of cellular events ranging from proliferation, survival/apoptosis, lipid uptake and metabolism, phagocytosis, long term potentiation, cell migration, telomere maintenance, and angiogenesis. Moreover, water-soluble derivatives of vitamin E including some based on αTP are increasingly used as components of nanocarriers for enhanced and targeted delivery of drugs and other molecules (vitamins, including αT and αTP itself, vitamin D3, carnosine, caffeine, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), insulin) and cofactors such as coenzyme Q10. In this review, the chemical characteristics, transport, metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms of action of αTP in cells and tissues are summarized and put into perspective with its possible role in the prevention of a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.
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22
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Margaritelis NV, Theodorou AA, Paschalis V, Veskoukis AS, Dipla K, Zafeiridis A, Panayiotou G, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Adaptations to endurance training depend on exercise-induced oxidative stress: exploiting redox interindividual variability. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28544643 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to reveal the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in exercise adaptations under physiological in vivo conditions and without the interference from other exogenous redox agents (e.g. a pro-oxidant or antioxidant). METHODS We invented a novel methodological set-up that exploited the large redox interindividual variability in exercise responses. More specifically, we used exercise-induced oxidative stress as the 'classifier' measure (i.e. low, moderate and high) and investigated the physiological and redox adaptations after a 6-week endurance training protocol. RESULTS We demonstrated that the group with the low exercise-induced oxidative stress exhibited the lowest improvements in a battery of classic adaptations to endurance training (VO2 max, time trial and Wingate test) as well as in a set of redox biomarkers (oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidants), compared to the high and moderate oxidative stress groups. CONCLUSION The findings of this study substantiate, for the first time in a human in vivo physiological context, and in the absence of any exogenous redox manipulation, the vital role of RONS produced during exercise in adaptations. The stratification approach, based on a redox phenotype, implemented in this study could be a useful experimental strategy to reveal the role of RONS and antioxidants in other biological manifestations as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Serres Greece
- Intensive Care Unit; 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - A. A. Theodorou
- Department of Health Sciences; School of Sciences; European University Cyprus; Nicosia Cyprus
| | - V. Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - A. S. Veskoukis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Serres Greece
| | - K. Dipla
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Serres Greece
| | - A. Zafeiridis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Serres Greece
| | - G. Panayiotou
- Department of Health Sciences; School of Sciences; European University Cyprus; Nicosia Cyprus
| | - I. S. Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Serres Greece
| | - A. Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Serres Greece
| | - M. G. Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Serres Greece
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Lu Y, Li H, Geng Y. Analysis of the Effects of δ-Tocopherol on RAW264.7 and K562 Cells Based on 1H NMR Metabonomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1039-1046. [PMID: 29313349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
δ-Tocopherol (δ-TOH) is a form of vitamin E with higher bioactivity. In this study, we studied the bioactivity of δ-TOH using the IC50 of δ-TOH on RAW264.7 (80 μM) and K562 (110 μM) cells. We compared the differential metabolites from the cell lines with and without δ-TOH treatment by 1H NMR metabonomics analysis. It was found that δ-TOH affected the protein biosynthesis, betaine metabolism, and urea cycle in various ways in both cell lines. Metabolic levels of the cell lines were changed after treatment with δ-TOH as differential metabolites were produced. The betaine level in RAW264.7 cells was reduced significantly, while the l-lactic acid level in K562 cells was significantly enhanced. The metabolic changes might contribute to the switch of the respiration pattern from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration in K562 cells. These results are helpful in further understanding the subtoxicity of δ-TOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, China
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24
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Fritsche S, Wang X, Jung C. Recent Advances in our Understanding of Tocopherol Biosynthesis in Plants: An Overview of Key Genes, Functions, and Breeding of Vitamin E Improved Crops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E99. [PMID: 29194404 PMCID: PMC5745509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols, together with tocotrienols and plastochromanols belong to a group of lipophilic compounds also called tocochromanols or vitamin E. Considered to be one of the most powerful antioxidants, tocochromanols are solely synthesized by photosynthetic organisms including plants, algae, and cyanobacteria and, therefore, are an essential component in the human diet. Tocochromanols potent antioxidative properties are due to their ability to interact with polyunsaturated acyl groups and scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals and quench reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus protecting fatty acids from lipid peroxidation. In the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the required genes for tocopherol biosynthesis and functional roles of tocopherols were elucidated in mutant and transgenic plants. Recent research efforts have led to new outcomes for the vitamin E biosynthetic and related pathways, and new possible alternatives for the biofortification of important crops have been suggested. Here, we review 30 years of research on tocopherols in model and crop species, with emphasis on the improvement of vitamin E content using transgenic approaches and classical breeding. We will discuss future prospects to further improve the nutritional value of our food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Fritsche
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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25
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Vitamin E Bioavailability: Mechanisms of Intestinal Absorption in the Spotlight. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040095. [PMID: 29165370 PMCID: PMC5745505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble micronutrient whose effects on human health can be attributed to both antioxidant and non-antioxidant properties. A growing number of studies aim to promote vitamin E bioavailability in foods. It is thus of major interest to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms of vitamin E absorption, which remain only partly understood. It was long assumed that vitamin E was absorbed by passive diffusion, but recent data has shown that this process is actually far more complex than previously thought. This review describes the fate of vitamin E in the human gastrointestinal lumen during digestion and focuses on the proteins involved in the intestinal membrane and cellular transport of vitamin E across the enterocyte. Special attention is also given to the factors modulating both vitamin E micellarization and absorption. Although these latest results significantly improve our understanding of vitamin E intestinal absorption, further studies are still needed to decipher the molecular mechanisms driving this multifaceted process.
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26
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Eshraghian A. Current and emerging pharmacological therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7495-7504. [PMID: 29204050 PMCID: PMC5698243 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i42.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is life style modification including weight reduction and dietary regimen. Majority of patients are safely treated with this management and pharmacologic interventions are not recommended. However, a subgroup of NAFLD patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) who cannot achieve goals of life style modification may need pharmacological therapy. One major obstacle is measurement of histological outcome by liver biopsy which is an invasive method and is not recommended routinely in these patients. Several medications, mainly targeting baseline mechanism of NAFLD, have been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of NASH with promising results. At present, only pioglitazone acting as insulin sensitizing agent and vitamin E as an anti-oxidant have been recommended for treatment of NASH by international guidelines. Lipid lowering agents including statins and fibrates, pentoxifylline, angiotensin receptor blockers, ursodeoxycholic acid, probiotics and synbiotics are current agents with beneficial effects for treatment of NASH but have not been approved yet. Several emerging medications are in development for treatment of NASH. Obeticholic acid, liraglutide, elafibranor, cenicriviroc and aramchol have been tested in clinical trials or are completing trials. Here in, current and upcoming medications with promising results in clinical trial for treatment of NAFLD were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Eshraghian
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71937-11351, Iran
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27
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Abstract
Four tocopherols are available in nature and are absorbed with the diet, but only one RRR-α-tocopherol satisfies the criteria of being a vitamin. The biological activity of the different tocopherols studied in the rat by the resorption-gestation test has been inconsistently extrapolated to human beings where the tocopherols have no influence on a successful pregnancy. Diminution of RRR-α-tocopherol intake results in diseases characterized by ataxia, whose pathogenetic mechanism, despite vigorous claims, has not been clarified. The calculation of the Daily Reference Intake (DRI), necessary to prevent disease, is based on an obsolete test, the peroxide-induced erythrocyte hemolysis, called the gold standard, but of highly questioned validity. If many epidemiological studies have given positive results, showing prevention by high vitamin E containing diets of cardiovascular events, neurodegenerative disease, macular degeneration and cancer, the clinical confirmatory intervention studies were mostly negative. On the positive side, besides preventing vitamin E deficiency diseases, vitamin E has shown efficacy as anti-inflammatory and immune boosting compound. It has also shown some efficacy in protecting against nonalcoholic hepato-steatosis. At a molecular level, vitamin E and some of its metabolites have shown capacity of regulating cell signaling and modulating gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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28
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Reed DK, Carter A, Dixit M, Arany I. p66shc-mediated toxicity of high-dose α-tocopherol in renal proximal tubule cells. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:267-273. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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de la Iglesia R, Loria-Kohen V, Zulet MA, Martinez JA, Reglero G, Ramirez de Molina A. Dietary Strategies Implicated in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1877. [PMID: 27834920 PMCID: PMC5133877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is established as the combination of central obesity and different metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. This cluster of factors affects approximately 10%-50% of adults worldwide and the prevalence has been increasing in epidemic proportions over the last years. Thus, dietary strategies to treat this heterogenic disease are under continuous study. In this sense, diets based on negative-energy-balance, the Mediterranean dietary pattern, n-3 fatty acids, total antioxidant capacity and meal frequency have been suggested as effective approaches to treat MetS. Furthermore, the type and percentage of carbohydrates, the glycemic index or glycemic load, and dietary fiber content are some of the most relevant aspects related to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, which are important co-morbidities of MetS. Finally, new studies focused on the molecular action of specific nutritional bioactive compounds with positive effects on the MetS are currently an objective of scientific research worldwide. The present review summarizes some of the most relevant dietary approaches and bioactive compounds employed in the treatment of the MetS to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio de la Iglesia
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Ramirez de Molina
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Margaritelis NV. Antioxidants as therapeutics in the intensive care unit: Have we ticked the redox boxes? Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:126-132. [PMID: 27270047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill patients are under oxidative stress and antioxidant administration reasonably emerged as a promising approach to combat the aberrant redox homeostasis in this patient cohort. However, the results of the antioxidant treatments in the intensive care unit are conflicting and inconclusive. The main objective of the present review is to highlight some inherent, yet widely overlooked redox-related issues about the equivocal effectiveness of antioxidants in the intensive care unit, beyond methodological considerations. In particular, the discrepancy in the literature partially stems from: (1) the largely unspecified role of reactive species in disease onset and progression, (2) our fragmentary understanding on the interplay between inflammation and oxidative stress, (3) the complex spatiotemporal specificity of in vivo redox biology, (4) the pleiotropic effects of antioxidants and (5) the divergent effects of antioxidants according to the temporal administration pattern. In addition, two novel and sophisticated practices with promising pre-clinical results are presented: (1) the selective neutralization of reactive species in key organelles after they are formed (i.e., in mitochondria) and (2) the targeted complete inhibition of dominant reactive species sources (i.e., NADPH oxidases). Finally, the reductive potential of NADPH as a key pharmacological target for redox therapies is rationalized. In light of the above, the recontextualization of knowledge from basic redox biology to translational medicine seems imperative to perform more realistic in vivo studies in the fast-growing field of critical care pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
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