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Pires PM, Santos D, Calisto F, Pereira M. The monotopic quinone reductases from Staphylococcus aureus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149488. [PMID: 38950690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium, is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most frequent causes for community acquired and nosocomial infections that has become a major public health threat due to the increased incidence of its drug resistance. Although being a prominent pathogen, its energetic metabolism is still underexplored, and its respiratory enzymes have been escaping attention. S. aureus can adapt to different environmental conditions by performing both aerobic and anaerobic respirations, which is particularly important as it frequently colonizes niches with different oxygen concentrations. This adaptability is derived from the composition of its respiratory chain, specifically from the presence of terminal electron acceptor reductases. The plasticity of S. aureus energy metabolism is enlarged by the ten quinone reductases encoded in its genome, eight of them being monotopic proteins. The role of these proteins is critical as they connect the different catabolic pathways to the respiratory chain. In this work, we identify, describe, and revise the monotopic quinone reductases present in S. aureus, providing an integrated view of its respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Pires
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Santos
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Calisto
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pereira
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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2
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Toubdji S, Thullier Q, Kilz LM, Marchand V, Yuan Y, Sudol C, Goyenvalle C, Jean-Jean O, Rose S, Douthwaite S, Hardy L, Baharoglu Z, de Crécy-Lagard V, Helm M, Motorin Y, Hamdane D, Brégeon D. Exploring a unique class of flavoenzymes: Identification and biochemical characterization of ribosomal RNA dihydrouridine synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401981121. [PMID: 39078675 PMCID: PMC11317573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401981121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Dihydrouridine (D), a prevalent and evolutionarily conserved base in the transcriptome, primarily resides in tRNAs and, to a lesser extent, in mRNAs. Notably, this modification is found at position 2449 in the Escherichia coli 23S rRNA, strategically positioned near the ribosome's peptidyl transferase site. Despite the prior identification, in E. coli genome, of three dihydrouridine synthases (DUS), a set of NADPH and FMN-dependent enzymes known for introducing D in tRNAs and mRNAs, characterization of the enzyme responsible for D2449 deposition has remained elusive. This study introduces a rapid method for detecting D in rRNA, involving reverse transcriptase-blockage at the rhodamine-labeled D2449 site, followed by PCR amplification (RhoRT-PCR). Through analysis of rRNA from diverse E. coli strains, harboring chromosomal or single-gene deletions, we pinpoint the yhiN gene as the ribosomal dihydrouridine synthase, now designated as RdsA. Biochemical characterizations uncovered RdsA as a unique class of flavoenzymes, dependent on FAD and NADH, with a complex structural topology. In vitro assays demonstrated that RdsA dihydrouridylates a short rRNA transcript mimicking the local structure of the peptidyl transferase site. This suggests an early introduction of this modification before ribosome assembly. Phylogenetic studies unveiled the widespread distribution of the yhiN gene in the bacterial kingdom, emphasizing the conservation of rRNA dihydrouridylation. In a broader context, these findings underscore nature's preference for utilizing reduced flavin in the reduction of uridines and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Toubdji
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biology of Aging and Adaptation, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, F-75252Paris Cedex 05, France
- Collège De France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, F-75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Quentin Thullier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ingénierie-Biologie-Santé en Lorraine, Epitranscriptomique et Séquençage Core Facility, F-54000Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Ingénierie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Physiopathologie, F-54000Nancy, France
| | - Lea-Marie Kilz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Biomedizinische Wissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, MainzD-55128, Germany
| | - Virginie Marchand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ingénierie-Biologie-Santé en Lorraine, Epitranscriptomique et Séquençage Core Facility, F-54000Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Ingénierie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Physiopathologie, F-54000Nancy, France
| | - Yifeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Claudia Sudol
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biology of Aging and Adaptation, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, F-75252Paris Cedex 05, France
- Collège De France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, F-75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Catherine Goyenvalle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biology of Aging and Adaptation, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, F-75252Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Olivier Jean-Jean
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biology of Aging and Adaptation, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, F-75252Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Simon Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stephen Douthwaite
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230Odense M, Denmark
| | - Léo Hardy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Zeynep Baharoglu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
| | - Mark Helm
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Biomedizinische Wissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, MainzD-55128, Germany
| | - Yuri Motorin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ingénierie-Biologie-Santé en Lorraine, Epitranscriptomique et Séquençage Core Facility, F-54000Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Ingénierie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Physiopathologie, F-54000Nancy, France
| | - Djemel Hamdane
- Collège De France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, F-75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damien Brégeon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biology of Aging and Adaptation, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, F-75252Paris Cedex 05, France
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3
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Jeschke P. Recent developments in fluorine-containing pesticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3065-3087. [PMID: 38073050 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
To ensure ongoing sustainability, the modern agrochemical industry is faced with enormous challenges. These arise from provision of high-quality food to increasing water use and environmental impact as well as a growing world population. The loss of previous agrochemicals due to consumer perception, changing grower needs and ever-changing regulatory requirements is higher than the number of active ingredients that are being introduced into the crop protection market. Therefore, the development of novel agrochemicals is essential to provide improved efficacy and environmental profiles. In this context, the introduction of fluorine atoms and fluorine-containing motifs into a molecule is an important method to influence its physicochemical properties. These include, for example, small difluoro- and trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy groups at aryl or heterocyclic aryl moieties but also fragments like 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoroacetyl, as well as the so far unusal rest like heptafluoro-iso-propyl. This review gives an overview of recent developments of fluorine-containing pesticides launched over the past 7 years and describes a selection of current fluorine-containing development candidates. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jeschke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Zhao BQ, Chen J, Chen JX, Cheng Y, Zhou JF, Bai JS, Mao DY, Zhou B. Classical swine fever virus non-structural protein 4A recruits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase to facilitate viral replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0049424. [PMID: 38757985 PMCID: PMC11237749 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00494-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy producers in cells, which can affect viral replication by regulating the host innate immune signaling pathways, and the changes in their biological functions are inextricably linked the viral life cycle. In this study, we screened a library of 382 mitochondria-targeted compounds and identified the antiviral inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis pathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides, against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Our data showed that the inhibitors interfered with viral RNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) ranging from 0.975 to 26.635 nM. Remarkably, DHODH inhibitors obstructed CSFV replication by enhancing the innate immune response including the TBK1-IRF3-STAT1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, the data from a series of compound addition and supplementation trials indicated that DHODH inhibitors also inhibited CSFV replication by blocking the de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Remarkably, DHODH knockdown demonstrated that it was essential for CSFV replication. Mechanistically, confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation assays showed that the non-structural protein 4A (NS4A) recruited and interacted with DHODH in the perinuclear. Notably, NS4A enhanced the DHODH activity and promoted the generation of UMP for efficient viral replication. Structurally, the amino acids 65-229 of DHODH and the amino acids 25-40 of NS4A were pivotal for this interaction. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of DHODH in the CSFV life cycle and offer a potential antiviral target for the development of novel therapeutics against CSF. IMPORTANCE Classical swine fever remains one of the most economically important viral diseases of domestic pigs and wild boar worldwide. dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors have been shown to suppress the replication of several viruses in vitro and in vivo, but the effects on Pestivirus remain unknown. In this study, three specific DHODH inhibitors, including DHODH-IN-16, BAY-2402234, and Brequinar were found to strongly suppress classical swine fever virus (CSFV) replication. These inhibitors target the host DHODH, depleting the pyrimidine nucleotide pool to exert their antiviral effects. Intriguingly, we observed that the non-structural protein 4A of CSFV induced DHODH to accumulate around the nucleus in conjunction with mitochondria. Moreover, NS4A exhibited a strong interaction with DHODH, enhancing its activity to promote efficient CSFV replication. In conclusion, our findings enhance the understanding of the pyrimidine synthesis in CSFV infection and expand the novel functions of CSFV NS4A in viral replication, providing a reference for further exploration of antiviral targets against CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-qian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Xia Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-fei Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-shan Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-yi Mao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Alberti M, Poli G, Broggini L, Sainas S, Rizzi M, Boschi D, Ferraris DM, Martino E, Ricagno S, Tuccinardi T, Lolli ML, Miggiano R. An alternative conformation of the N-terminal loop of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase drives binding to a potent antiproliferative agent. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:386-396. [PMID: 38805244 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798324004066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the years, human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), which is a key player in the de novo pyrimidine-biosynthesis pathway, has been targeted in the treatment of several conditions, including autoimmune disorders and acute myelogenous leukaemia, as well as in host-targeted antiviral therapy. A molecular exploration of its inhibitor-binding behaviours yielded promising candidates for innovative drug design. A detailed description of the enzymatic pharmacophore drove the decoration of well-established inhibitory scaffolds, thus gaining further in vitro and in vivo efficacy. In the present work, using X-ray crystallography, an atypical rearrangement was identified in the binding pose of a potent inhibitor characterized by a polar pyridine-based moiety (compound 18). The crystal structure shows that upon binding compound 18 the dynamics of a protein loop involved in a gating mechanism at the cofactor-binding site is modulated by the presence of three water molecules, thus fine-tuning the polarity/hydrophobicity of the binding pocket. These solvent molecules are engaged in the formation of a hydrogen-bond mesh in which one of them establishes a direct contact with the pyridine moiety of compound 18, thus paving the way for a reappraisal of the inhibition of hDHODH. Using an integrated approach, the thermodynamics of such a modulation is described by means of isothermal titration calorimetry coupled with molecular modelling. These structural insights will guide future drug design to obtain a finer Kd/logD7.4 balance and identify membrane-permeable molecules with a drug-like profile in terms of water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alberti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via G. Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Broggini
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via G. Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide M Ferraris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via G. Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Martino
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via G. Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Sharma M, Pandey V, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Lolli ML, Vyas VK. A comprehensive review of synthetic strategies and SAR studies for the discovery of PfDHODH inhibitors as antimalarial agents. Part 1: triazolopyrimidine, isoxazolopyrimidine and pyrrole-based (DSM) compounds. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107249. [PMID: 38493638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
One of the deadliest infectious diseases, malaria, still has a significant impact on global morbidity and mortality. Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) catalyzes the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and has been clinically validated as an innovative and promising target for the development of novel targeted antimalarial drugs. PfDHODH inhibitors have the potential to significantly slow down parasite growth at the blood and liver stages. Several PfDHODH inhibitors based on various scaffolds have been explored over the past two decades. Among them, triazolopyrimidines, isoxazolopyrimidines, and pyrrole-based derivatives known as DSM compounds showed tremendous potential as novel antimalarial agents, and one of the triazolopyrimidine-based compounds (DSM265) was able to reach phase IIa clinical trials. DSM compounds were synthesized as PfDHODH inhibitors with various substitutions based on structure-guided medicinal chemistry approaches and further optimised as well. For the first time, this review provides an overview of all the synthetic approaches used for the synthesis, alternative synthetic routes, and novel strategies involving various catalysts and chemical reagents that have been used to synthesize DSM compounds. We have also summarized SAR study of all these PfDHODH inhibitors. In an attempt to assist readers, scientists, and researchers involved in the development of new PfDHODH inhibitors as antimalarials, this review provides accessibility of all synthetic techniques and SAR studies of the most promising triazolopyrimidines, isoxazolopyrimidines, and pyrrole-based PfDHODH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Vinita Pandey
- MIT College of Pharmacy, Ramganga Vihar, Phase-II, Moradabad, UP-244001, India
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 - Turin, Italy
| | - Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India.
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Marín M, López M, Gallego-Yerga L, Álvarez R, Peláez R. Experimental structure based drug design (SBDD) applications for anti-leishmanial drugs: A paradigm shift? Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1055-1120. [PMID: 38142308 DOI: 10.1002/med.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by at least 20 species of Leishmania protozoa, which are spread by the bite of infected sandflies. There are three main forms of the disease: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL, the most common), visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also known as kala-azar, the most serious), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. One billion people live in areas endemic to leishmaniasis, with an annual estimation of 30,000 new cases of VL and more than 1 million of CL. New treatments for leishmaniasis are an urgent need, as the existing ones are inefficient, toxic, and/or expensive. We have revised the experimental structure-based drug design (SBDD) efforts applied to the discovery of new drugs against leishmaniasis. We have grouped the explored targets according to the metabolic pathways they belong to, and the key achieved advances are highlighted and evaluated. In most cases, SBDD studies follow high-throughput screening campaigns and are secondary to pharmacokinetic optimization, due to the majoritarian belief that there are few validated targets for SBDD in leishmaniasis. However, some SBDD strategies have significantly contributed to new drug candidates against leishmaniasis and a bigger number holds promise for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Marín
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta López
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Gallego-Yerga
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
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8
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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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Hai Y, Fan R, Zhao T, Lin R, Zhuang J, Deng A, Meng S, Hou Z, Wei G. A novel mitochondria-targeting DHODH inhibitor induces robust ferroptosis and alleviates immune suppression. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107115. [PMID: 38423231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)-mediated ferroptosis defense is a targetable vulnerability in cancer. Currently, only a few DHODH inhibitors have been utilized in clinical practice. To further enhance DHODH targeting, we introduced the mitochondrial targeting group triphenylphosphine (TPP) to brequinar (BRQ), a robust DHODH inhibitor, resulting in the creation of active molecule B2. This compound exhibits heightened anticancer activity, effectively inhibiting proliferation in various cancer cells, and restraining tumor growth in melanoma xenografts in mice. B2 achieves these effects by targeting DHODH, triggering the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, and inducing ferroptosis in B16F10 and A375 cells. Surprisingly, B2 significantly downregulates PD-L1 and alleviates immune suppression. Importantly, B2 exhibits no apparent adverse effects in mice. Collectively, these findings highlight that enhancing the mitochondrial targeting capability of the DHODH inhibitor is a promising therapeutic approach for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Hai
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Renming Fan
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruizhuo Lin
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Junyan Zhuang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Aohua Deng
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Shanshui Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhuang Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Gaofei Wei
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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10
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Purificação A, Silva-Mendonça S, Cruz LV, Sacramento CQ, Temerozo JR, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, de Freitas CS, Godoi BF, Vaidergorn MM, Leite JA, Salazar Alvarez LC, Freitas MV, Silvac MFB, Martin BA, Lopez RFV, Neves BJ, Costa FTM, Souza TML, da Silva Emery F, Andrade CH, Nonato MC. Unveiling the Antiviral Capabilities of Targeting Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase against SARS-CoV-2. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11418-11430. [PMID: 38496952 PMCID: PMC10938441 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The urgent need for effective treatments against emerging viral diseases, driven by drug-resistant strains and new viral variants, remains critical. We focus on inhibiting the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (HsDHODH), one of the main enzymes responsible for pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. This strategy could impede viral replication without provoking resistance. We evaluated naphthoquinone fragments, discovering potent HsDHODH inhibition with IC50 ranging from 48 to 684 nM, and promising in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with EC50 ranging from 1.2 to 2.3 μM. These compounds exhibited low toxicity, indicating potential for further development. Additionally, we employed computational tools such as molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to analyze protein-ligand interactions, revealing that these naphthoquinones exhibit a protein binding pattern similar to brequinar, a potent HsDHODH inhibitor. These findings represent a significant step forward in the search for effective antiviral treatments and have great potential to impact the development of new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline
D. Purificação
- Protein
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Silva-Mendonça
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiza V. Cruz
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jairo R. Temerozo
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo
Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Souza de Freitas
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fleck Godoi
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Heterocyclic and Medicinal Chemistry (QHeteM), Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Menezes Vaidergorn
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Heterocyclic and Medicinal Chemistry (QHeteM), Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Almeida Leite
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology
and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Unicamp, Campinas 13.083-857, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Salazar Alvarez
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology
and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Unicamp, Campinas 13.083-857, SP, Brazil
| | - Murillo V. Freitas
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Meryck F. B. Silvac
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Cheminformatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Bianca A. Martin
- Innovation
Center in Nanostructured Systems and Topical Administration (NanoTop),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata F. V. Lopez
- Innovation
Center in Nanostructured Systems and Topical Administration (NanoTop),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno J. Neves
- Laboratory
of Cheminformatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Fabio T. M. Costa
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology
and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Unicamp, Campinas 13.083-857, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. L. Souza
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Heterocyclic and Medicinal Chemistry (QHeteM), Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
- Center
for Excellence in Artificial Intelligence (CEIA), Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - M. Cristina Nonato
- Protein
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
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11
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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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12
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Gehlot P, Vyas VK. A Patent Review of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (hDHODH) Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents and their Other Therapeutic Applications (1999-2022). Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:280-297. [PMID: 37070439 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230417094939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly proliferating cells, such as cancer cells, are in high demand of pyrimidine nucleotides for their proliferation, accomplished by de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) enzyme plays a vital role in the rate-limiting step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. As a recognised therapeutic target, hDHODH plays a significant role in cancer and other illness. In the past two decades, small molecules as inhibitors hDHODH enzyme have drawn much attention as anticancer agents, and their role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this patent review, we have compiled patented hDHODH inhibitors published between 1999 and 2022 and discussed the development of hDHODH inhibitors as anticancer agents. Therapeutic potential of small molecules as hDHODH inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, is very well recognised. Human DHODH inhibitors can rapidly cause intracellular uridine monophosphate (UMP) depletion to produce starvation of pyrimidine bases. Normal cells can better endure a brief period of starvation without the side effects of conventional cytotoxic medication and resume synthesis of nucleic acid and other cellular functions after inhibition of de novo pathway using an alternative salvage pathway. Highly proliferative cells such as cancer cells do not endure starvation because they are in high demand of nucleotides for cell differentiation, which is fulfilled by de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. In addition, hDHODH inhibitors produce their desired activity at lower doses rather than a cytotoxic dose of other anticancer agents. Thus, inhibition of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis will create new prospects for the development of novel targeted anticancer agents, which ongoing preclinical and clinical experiments define. Our work brings together a comprehensive patent review of the role of hDHODH in cancer, as well as various patents related to the hDHODH inhibitors and their anticancer and other therapeutic potential. This compiled work on patented DHODH inhibitors will guide researchers in pursuing the most promising drug discovery strategies against the hDHODH enzyme as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Gehlot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujrat, India
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13
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Ramli AH, Mohd Faudzi SM. Diarylpentanoids, the privileged scaffolds in antimalarial and anti-infectives drug discovery: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300391. [PMID: 37806761 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Asia is a hotspot for infectious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, tuberculosis, and the pandemic COVID-19. Emerging infectious diseases have taken a heavy toll on public health and the economy and have been recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in Southeast Asia. Infectious disease control is a major challenge, but many surveillance systems and control strategies have been developed and implemented. These include vector control, combination therapies, vaccine development, and the development of new anti-infectives. Numerous newly discovered agents with pharmacological anti-infective potential are being actively and extensively studied for their bioactivity, toxicity, selectivity, and mode of action, but many molecules lose their efficacy over time due to resistance developments. These facts justify the great importance of the search for new, effective, and safe anti-infectives. Diarylpentanoids, a curcumin derivative, have been developed as an alternative with better bioavailability and metabolism as a therapeutic agent. In this review, the mechanisms of action and potential targets of antimalarial drugs as well as the classes of antimalarial drugs are presented. The bioactivity of diarylpentanoids as a potential scaffold for a new class of anti-infectives and their structure-activity relationships are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah H Ramli
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti M Mohd Faudzi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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14
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Kang ILH, Emptage RP, Kim SI, Gutteridge S. A Novel mechanism of herbicide action through disruption of pyrimidine biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313197120. [PMID: 37988466 PMCID: PMC10691210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313197120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A lead aryl pyrrolidinone anilide identified using high-throughput in vivo screening was optimized for efficacy, crop safety, and weed spectrum, resulting in tetflupyrolimet. Known modes of action were ruled out through in vitro enzyme and in vivo plant-based assays. Genomic sequencing of aryl pyrrolidinone anilide-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana progeny combined with nutrient reversal experiments and metabolomic analyses confirmed that the molecular target of the chemistry was dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the enzyme that catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. In vitro enzymatic and biophysical assays and a cocrystal structure with purified recombinant plant DHODH further confirmed this enzyme as the target site of this class of chemistry. Like known inhibitors of other DHODH orthologs, these molecules occupy the membrane-adjacent binding site of the electron acceptor ubiquinone. Identification of a new herbicidal chemical scaffold paired with a novel mode of action, the first such finding in over three decades, represents an important leap in combatting weed resistance and feeding a growing worldwide population.
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Affiliation(s)
- IL-Ho Kang
- FMC Agricultural Solutions, Stine Research Center, Newark, DE19711
| | - Ryan P. Emptage
- FMC Agricultural Solutions, Stine Research Center, Newark, DE19711
| | - Sang-Ic Kim
- FMC Agricultural Solutions, Stine Research Center, Newark, DE19711
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15
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Lima Costa AH, Bezerra KS, de Lima Neto JX, Oliveira JIN, Galvão DS, Fulco UL. Deciphering Interactions between Potential Inhibitors and the Plasmodium falciparum DHODH Enzyme: A Computational Perspective. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9461-9475. [PMID: 37897437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic disease that, in its most severe form, can even lead to death. Insect-resistant vectors, insufficiently effective vaccines, and drugs that cannot stop parasitic infestations are making the fight against the disease increasingly difficult. It is known that the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is of paramount importance for the synthesis of pyrimidine from the Plasmodium precursor, that is, for its growth and reproduction. Therefore, its blockade can lead to disruption of the parasite's life cycle in the vertebrate host. In this scenario, PfDHODH inhibitors have been considered candidates for a new therapy to stop the parasitic energy source. Given what is known, in this work, we applied molecular fractionation with conjugated caps (MFCC) in the framework of the quantum formalism of density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate the energies of the interactions between the enzyme and the different triazolopyrimidines (DSM483, DMS557, and DSM1), including a complex carrying the mutation C276F. From these results, it was possible to identify the main features of each system, focusing on the wild-type and mutant PfDHODH and examining the major amino acid residues that are part of the four complexes. Our analysis provides new information that can be used to develop new drugs that could prove to be more effective alternatives to present antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranthya Hevelly Lima Costa
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Katyanna Sales Bezerra
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
- Applied Physics Department, University of Campinas, 130838-59 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Xavier de Lima Neto
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Douglas Soares Galvão
- Applied Physics Department, University of Campinas, 130838-59 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Umberto Laino Fulco
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
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16
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Luganini A, Sibille G, Pavan M, Mello Grand M, Sainas S, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Chiorino G, Gribaudo G. Mechanisms of antiviral activity of the new hDHODH inhibitor MEDS433 against respiratory syncytial virus replication. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105734. [PMID: 37852322 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infections, for which no effective drugs are currently available. The development of new effective anti-RSV agents is therefore an urgent priority, and Host-Targeting Antivirals (HTAs) can be considered to target RSV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral avenue, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms of the anti-RSV activity of MEDS433, a new inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. MEDS433 was found to exert a potent antiviral activity against RSV-A and RSV-B in the one-digit nanomolar range. Analysis of the RSV replication cycle in MEDS433-treated cells, revealed that the hDHODH inhibitor suppressed the synthesis of viral genome, consistently with its ability to specifically target hDHODH enzymatic activity. Then, the capability of MEDS433 to induce the expression of antiviral proteins encoded by Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) was identified as a second mechanism of its antiviral activity against RSV. Indeed, MEDS433 stimulated secretion of IFN-β and IFN-λ1 that, in turn, induced the expression of some ISG antiviral proteins, such as IFI6, IFITM1 and IRF7. Singly expression of these ISG proteins reduced RSV-A replication, thus likely contributing to the overall anti-RSV activity of MEDS433. Lastly, MEDS433 proved to be effective against RSV-A replication even in a primary human small airway epithelial cell model. Taken as a whole, these observations provide new insights for further development of MEDS433, as a promising candidate to develop new strategies for treatment of RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Pavan
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy.
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17
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Garrett O, Whalen KE. A bacterial quorum sensing signal is a potent inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in the globally abundant Emiliania huxleyi. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1266972. [PMID: 37869665 PMCID: PMC10587436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between marine phytoplankton, viruses, and bacteria drive biogeochemical cycling, shape marine trophic structures, and impact global climate. Microbially produced compounds have emerged as key players in influencing eukaryotic organismal physiology, and in turn, remodel microbial community structure. This work aimed to reveal the molecular mechanism by which the bacterial quorum sensing molecule 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ), produced by the marine gammaproteobacterium Pseudoalteromonas spp., arrests cell division and confers protection from virus-induced mortality in the bloom-forming coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Previous work has established alkylquinolones as inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a fundamental enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in pyrimidine biosynthesis and a potential antiviral drug target. An N-terminally truncated version of E. huxleyi DHODH was heterologously expressed in E. coli, purified, and kinetically characterized. Here, we show HHQ is a potent inhibitor (Ki of 2.3 nM) of E. huxleyi DHODH. E. huxleyi cells exposed to brequinar, the canonical human DHODH inhibitor, experienced immediate, yet reversible cellular arrest, an effect which mirrors HHQ-induced cellular stasis previously observed. However, brequinar treatment lacked other notable effects observed in HHQ-exposed E. huxleyi including significant changes in cell size, chlorophyll fluorescence, and protection from virus-induced lysis, indicating HHQ has additional as yet undiscovered physiological targets. Together, these results suggest a novel and intricate role of bacterial quorum sensing molecules in tripartite interdomain interactions in marine ecosystems, opening new avenues for exploring the role of microbial chemical signaling in algal bloom regulation and host-pathogen dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen E. Whalen
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, United States
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18
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Saha D, Nath Jha A. Computational multi-target approach to target essential enzymes of Leishmania donovani using comparative molecular dynamic simulations and MMPBSA analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:842-854. [PMID: 36760044 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania donovani. The purine and pyrimidine pathways are essential for L. donovani. Simultaneously inhibiting multiple targets could be an effective strategy to eliminate the pathogen and treat VL. OBJECTIVE We aimed to target the essential enzymes of L. donovani and inhibit them using a multi-target approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic analytical method was followed, in which first reported inhibitors of two essential enzymes (adenine phosphoribosyl-transferase [APRT] and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase [DHODH]) were collected and then ADMET and PASS analyses were conducted using the Lipinski rule and Veber's rule. Additionally, molecular docking between screened ligands and proteins were performed. The stability of complexes was analyzed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and MMPBSA analysis. RESULTS Initially, 6,220 unique molecules were collected from the PubChem database, and then the Lipinski rule and Veber's rule were used for screening. In total, 203 compounds passed the ADMET test; their antileishmanial properties were tested by PASS analysis. As a result, 15 ligands were identified. Molecular docking simulations between APRT or DHODH and these 15 ligands were performed. Four molecules were found to be plant-derived compounds. Lig_2 and Lig_3 had good docking scores with both proteins. MD simulations were performed to determine the dynamic behavior and binding patterns of complexes. Both MD simulations and MMPBSA analysis showed Lig_3 is a promising antileishmanial inhibitor of both targets. CONCLUSION Promising plant-derived compounds that might be used to combat VL were obtained through a multi-target approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Saha
- Computational Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Nath Jha
- Computational Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
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Alberti M, Sainas S, Ronchi E, Lolli ML, Boschi D, Rizzi M, Ferraris DM, Miggiano R. Biochemical characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and identification of a selective inhibitor. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2119-2132. [PMID: 37278160 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), an ancient disease which causes 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme of the MTB de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, and it is essential for MTB growth in vitro, hence representing a promising drug target. We present: (i) the biochemical characterization of the full-length MTB DHODH, including the analysis of the kinetic parameters, and (ii) the previously unreleased crystal structure of the protein that allowed us to rationally screen our in-house chemical library and identify the first selective inhibitor of mycobacterial DHODH. The inhibitor has fluorescence properties, potentially instrumental to in cellulo imaging studies, and exhibits an IC50 value of 43 μm, paving the way to hit-to-lead process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alberti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Erika Ronchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide M Ferraris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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20
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Vyas VK, Shukla T, Sharma M. Medicinal chemistry approaches for the discovery of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors as antimalarial agents. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1295-1321. [PMID: 37551689 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a severe human disease and a global health problem because of drug-resistant strains. Drugs reported to prevent the growth of Plasmodium parasites target various phases of the parasites' life cycle. Antimalarial drugs can inhibit key enzymes that are responsible for the cellular growth and development of parasites. Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is one such enzyme that is necessary for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. This review focuses on various medicinal chemistry approaches used for the discovery and identification of selective P. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors as antimalarial agents. This comprehensive review discusses recent advances in the selective therapeutic activity of distinct chemical classes of compounds as P. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors and antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Tanvi Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Manmohan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
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21
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Gehlot P, Vyas VK. Recent advances on patents of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ( PfDHODH) inhibitors as antimalarial agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:579-596. [PMID: 37942637 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2280596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyrimidine nucleotides are essential for the parasite's growth and replication. Parasites have only a de novo pathway for the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) enzyme is involved in the rate-limiting step of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. DHODH is a biochemical target for the discovery of new antimalarial agents. AREA COVERED This review discussed the development of patented PfDHODH inhibitors published between 2007 and 2023 along with their chemical structures and activities. EXPERT OPINION PfDHODH enzyme is involved in the rate-limiting fourth step of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. Thus, inhibition of PfDHODH using species-selective inhibitors has drawn much attention for treating malaria because they inhibit parasite growth without affecting normal human functions. Looking at the current scenario of antimalarial drug resistance with most of the available antimalarial drugs, there is a huge need for targeted newer agents. Newer agents with unique mechanisms of action may be devoid of drug toxicity, adverse effects, and the ability of parasites to quickly gain resistance, and PfDHODH inhibitors can be those newer agents. Many PfDHODH inhibitors were patented in the past, and the dependency of Plasmodium on de novo pyrimidine provided a new approach for the development of novel antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Gehlot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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22
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Umumararungu T, Nkuranga JB, Habarurema G, Nyandwi JB, Mukazayire MJ, Mukiza J, Muganga R, Hahirwa I, Mpenda M, Katembezi AN, Olawode EO, Kayitare E, Kayumba PC. Recent developments in antimalarial drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 88-89:117339. [PMID: 37236020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although malaria remains a big burden to many countries that it threatens their socio-economic stability, particularly in the countries where malaria is endemic, there have been great efforts to eradicate this disease with both successes and failures. For example, there has been a great improvement in malaria prevention and treatment methods with a net reduction in infection and mortality rates. However, the disease remains a global threat in terms of the number of people affected because it is one of the infectious diseases that has the highest prevalence rate, especially in Africa where the deadly Plasmodium falciparum is still widely spread. Methods to fight malaria are being diversified, including the use of mosquito nets, the target candidate profiles (TCPs) and target product profiles (TPPs) of medicine for malarial venture (MMV) strategy, the search for newer and potent drugs that could reverse chloroquine resistance, and the use of adjuvants such as rosiglitazone and sevuparin. Although these adjuvants have no antiplasmodial activity, they can help to alleviate the effects which result from plasmodium invasion such as cytoadherence. The list of new antimalarial drugs under development is long, including the out of ordinary new drugs MMV048, CDRI-97/78 and INE963 from South Africa, India and Novartis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théoneste Umumararungu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda.
| | - Jean Bosco Nkuranga
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Gratien Habarurema
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Jean Baptiste Nyandwi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Marie Jeanne Mukazayire
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Janvier Mukiza
- Department of Mathematical Science and Physical Education, School of Education, College of Education, University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Raymond Muganga
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Innocent Hahirwa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Matabishi Mpenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Alain Nyirimigabo Katembezi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Oladayo Olawode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N Miami Ave #1, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - Egide Kayitare
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Pierre Claver Kayumba
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
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23
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Zhan M, Ding Y, Huang S, Liu Y, Xiao J, Yu H, Lu L, Wang X. Lysyl oxidase-like 3 restrains mitochondrial ferroptosis to promote liver cancer chemoresistance by stabilizing dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3123. [PMID: 37253718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome chemotherapy resistance, novel strategies sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy are required. Here, we screen the lysyl-oxidase (LOX) family to clarify its contribution to chemotherapy resistance in liver cancer. LOXL3 depletion significantly sensitizes liver cancer cells to Oxaliplatin by inducing ferroptosis. Chemotherapy-activated EGFR signaling drives LOXL3 to interact with TOM20, causing it to be hijacked into mitochondria, where LOXL3 lysyl-oxidase activity is reinforced by phosphorylation at S704. Metabolic adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) directly phosphorylates LOXL3-S704. Phosphorylated LOXL3-S704 targets dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and stabilizes it by preventing its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. K344-deubiquitinated DHODH accumulates in mitochondria, in turn inhibiting chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial ferroptosis. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated site-mutation of mouse LOXL3-S704 to D704 causes a reduction in lipid peroxidation. Using an advanced liver cancer mouse model, we further reveal that low-dose Oxaliplatin in combination with the DHODH-inhibitor Leflunomide effectively inhibit liver cancer progression by inducing ferroptosis, with increased chemotherapy sensitivity and decreased chemotherapy toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Ding
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Teixeira O, Martins IBS, Froes TQ, de Araújo AS, Nonato MC. Kinetic and structural studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydroorotate dehydrogenase reveal new insights into class 2 DHODH inhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130378. [PMID: 37150227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide. TB represents a serious public health threat, and it is characterized by high transmission rates, prevalence in impoverished regions, and high co-infection rates with HIV. Moreover, the serious side effects of long-term treatment that decrease patient adherence, and the emergence of multi-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causing agent of TBs, pose several challenges for its eradication. The search for a new TB treatment is necessary and urgent. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is responsible for the stereospecific oxidation of (S)-dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate during the fourth and only redox step of the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. DHODH has been considered an attractive target against infectious diseases. As a first step towards exploiting DHODH as a drug target against TB, we performed a full kinetic characterization of both bacterial MtDHODH and its human ortholog (HsDHDOH) using both substrates coenzyme Q0 (Q0) and vitamin K3 (K3). MtDHODH follows a ping-pong mechanism of catalysis and shares similar catalytic parameters with the human enzyme. Serendipitously, Q0 was found to inhibit MtDHODH (KI (Q0) = 138 ± 31 μM). To the best of our knowledge, Q0 is the first non-orotate like dihydroorotate-competitive inhibitor for class 2 DHODHs ever described. Molecular dynamics simulations along with in silico solvent mapping allowed us to successfully probe protein flexibility and correlate it with the druggability of binding sites. Together, our results provide the starting point for the design of a new generation of potent and selective inhibitors against MtDHODH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia Teixeira
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; Center for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets (CRAFT), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Bernardes Santana Martins
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Física, UNESP, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thamires Quadros Froes
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; Center for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets (CRAFT), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Suman de Araújo
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Física, UNESP, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; Center for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets (CRAFT), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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25
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Sousa FM, Pires P, Barreto A, Refojo PN, Silva MS, Fernandes PB, Carapeto AP, Robalo TT, Rodrigues MS, Pinho MG, Cabrita EJ, Pereira MM. Unveiling the membrane bound dihydroorotate: Quinone oxidoreductase from Staphylococcus aureus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148948. [PMID: 36481274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most frequent causes for community acquired and nosocomial bacterial infections. Even so, its energy metabolism is still under explored and its respiratory enzymes have been vastly overlooked. In this work, we unveil the dihydroorotate:quinone oxidoreductase (DHOQO) from S. aureus, the first example of a DHOQO from a Gram-positive organism. This protein was shown to be a FMN containing menaquinone reducing enzyme, presenting a Michaelis-Menten behaviour towards the two substrates, which was inhibited by Brequinar, Leflunomide, Lapachol, HQNO, Atovaquone and TFFA with different degrees of effectiveness. Deletion of the DHOQO coding gene (Δdhoqo) led to lower bacterial growth rates, and effected in cell morphology and metabolism, most importantly in the pyrimidine biosynthesis, here systematized for S. aureus MW2 for the first time. This work unveils the existence of a functional DHOQO in the respiratory chain of the pathogenic bacterium S. aureus, enlarging the understanding of its energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pires
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barreto
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia N Refojo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Micael S Silva
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro B Fernandes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana P Carapeto
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago T Robalo
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário S Rodrigues
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana G Pinho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Eurico J Cabrita
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela M Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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26
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Smith MM, Forouzesh DC, Kaley NE, Liu D, Moran GR. Mammalian dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase: Added mechanistic details from transient-state analysis of charge transfer complexes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 736:109517. [PMID: 36681231 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a flavin dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of the 5,6-vinylic bond of pyrimidines uracil and thymine with electrons from NADPH. DPD has two active sites that are separated by ∼60 Å. At one site NADPH binds adjacent to an FAD cofactor and at the other pyrimidine binds proximal to an FMN. Four Fe4S4 centers span the distance between these active sites. It has recently been established that the enzyme undergoes reductive activation prior to reducing the pyrimidine. In this initial process NADPH is oxidized at the FAD site and electrons are transmitted to the FMN via the Fe4S4 centers to yield the active state with a cofactor set of FAD•4(Fe4S4)•FMNH2. The catalytic chemistry of DPD can be studied in transient-state by observation of either NADPH consumption or charge transfer absorption associated with complexation of NADPH adjacent to the FAD. Here we have utilized both sets of absorption transitions to find evidence for specific additional aspects of the DPD mechanism. Competition for binding with NADP+ indicates that the two charge transfer species observed in activation/single turnover reactions arise from NADPH populating the FAD site before and after reductive activation. An additional charge transfer species is observed to accumulate at longer times when high NADPH concentrations are mixed with the enzyme•pyrimidine complex and this data can be modelled based on asymmetry in the homodimer. It was also shown that, like pyrimidines, dihydropyrimidines induce rapid reductive activation indicating that the reduced pyrimidine formed in turnover can stimulate the reinstatement of the active state of the enzyme. Investigation of the reverse reaction revealed that dihydropyrimidines alone can reductively activate the enzyme, albeit inefficiently. In the presence of dihydropyrimidine and NADP+ DPD will form NADPH but apparently without measurable reductive activation. Pyrimidines that have 5-substituent halogens were utilized to probe both reductive activation and turnover. The linearity of the Hammett plot based on the rate of hydride transfer to the pyrimidine establishes that, at least to the radius of an iodo-group, the 5-substituent volume does not have influence on the observed kinetics of pyrimidine reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Dariush C Forouzesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Nicholas E Kaley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Graham R Moran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA.
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Recent approaches in the drug research and development of novel antimalarial drugs with new targets. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:1-27. [PMID: 36692468 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a serious worldwide medical issue that results in substantial annual death and morbidity. The availability of treatment alternatives is limited, and the rise of resistant parasite types has posed a significant challenge to malaria treatment. To prevent a public health disaster, novel antimalarial agents with single-dosage therapies, extensive curative capability, and new mechanisms are urgently needed. There are several approaches to developing antimalarial drugs, ranging from alterations of current drugs to the creation of new compounds with specific targeting abilities. The availability of multiple genomic techniques, as well as recent advancements in parasite biology, provides a varied collection of possible targets for the development of novel treatments. A number of promising pharmacological interference targets have been uncovered in modern times. As a result, our review concentrates on the most current scientific and technical progress in the innovation of new antimalarial medications. The protein kinases, choline transport inhibitors, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors, isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, and enzymes involved in the metabolism of lipids and replication of deoxyribonucleic acid, are among the most fascinating antimalarial target proteins presently being investigated. The new cellular targets and drugs which can inhibit malaria and their development techniques are summarised in this study.
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28
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Higashimura N, Hamada A, Banba S. Novel fungicide quinofumelin shows selectivity for fungal dihydroorotate dehydrogenase over the corresponding human enzyme. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2023; 48:17-21. [PMID: 36874638 PMCID: PMC9978249 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d22-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The species selectivity of class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a target enzyme for quinofumelin, was examined. The Homo sapiens DHODH (HsDHODH) assay system was developed to compare the selectivity of quinofumelin for fungi with that for mammals. The IC50 values of quinofumelin for Pyricularia oryzae DHODH (PoDHODH) and HsDHODH were 2.8 nM and >100 µM, respectively. Quinofumelin was highly selective for fungal over human DHODH. Additionally, we constructed recombinant P. oryzae mutants where PoDHODH (PoPYR4) or HsDHODH was inserted into the PoPYR4 disruption mutant. At quinofumelin concentration of 0.01-1 ppm, the PoPYR4 insertion mutants could not grow, but the HsDHODH gene-insertion mutants thrived. This indicates that HsDHODH is a substitute for PoDHODH, and quinofumelin could not inhibit HsDHODH as in the HsDHODH enzyme assay. Comparing the amino acid sequences of human and fungal DHODHs indicates that the significant difference at the ubiquinone-binding site contributes to the species selectivity of quinofumelin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Hamada
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
| | - Shinichi Banba
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
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29
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Petrović MM, Roschger C, Lang K, Zierer A, Mladenović M, Trifunović S, Mandić B, Joksović MD. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new quinoline-4-carboxylic acid-chalcone hybrids as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200374. [PMID: 36372522 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen novel quinoline-4-carboxylic acid-chalcone hybrids were obtained via Claisen-Schmidt condensation and evaluated as potential human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) inhibitors. The ketone precursor 2 was synthesized by the Pfitzinger reaction and used for further derivatization at position 3 of the quinoline ring for the first time. Six compounds showed better hDHODH inhibitory activity than the reference drug leflunomide, with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 0.58 μM. The bioactive conformations of the compounds within hDHODH were resolved by means of molecular docking, revealing their tendency to occupy the narrow tunnel of hDHODH within the N-terminus and to prevent ubiquinone as the second cofactor from easily approaching the flavin mononucleotide as a cofactor for the redox reaction within the redox site. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that 4d and 4h demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity against the A375 cell line, with IC50 values of 5.0 and 6.8 µM, respectively. The lipophilicity of the synthesized hybrids was obtained experimentally and expressed as logD7.4 values at physiologicalpH while the solubility assay was conducted to define physicochemical characteristics influencing the ADMET properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena M Petrović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Cornelia Roschger
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Linz, Austria
| | - Kevin Lang
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zierer
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Linz, Austria
| | - Milan Mladenović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Boris Mandić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan D Joksović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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30
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Han B, Dai Z, Li Z. Computer-Based Design of a Cell Factory for High-Yield Cytidine Production. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:4123-4133. [PMID: 36442151 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidine ribonucleotide de novo biosynthesis pathway (PRdnBP) is an important pathway to produce pyrimidine nucleosides. We attempted to systematically investigate PRdnBP in Escherichia coli with genome-scale metabolic models and utilized the models to guide strain design. The balance of central carbon metabolism and PRdnBP affected the production of cytidine from glucose. Using Bayesian metabolic flux analysis, the effect of modified PRdnBP on the metabolic network was analyzed. The acetate overflow became coupled with PRdnBP flux, while they were originally independent under oxygen-sufficient conditions. The coupling between cytidine production and acetate secretion in the modified strain was weakened by arcA deletion, which resulted in further improving the efficient accumulation of cytidine. In total, 1.28 g/L of cytidine with a yield of 0.26 g/g glucose was produced. The yield of cytidine produced by E. coli is higher than previous reports. Our strategy provides an effective attempt to find metabolic bottlenecks in genetically engineered bacteria by using flux coupling analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Zeyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai200237, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai200237, China
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31
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Higashimura N, Hamada A, Ohara T, Sakurai S, Ito H, Banba S. The target site of the novel fungicide quinofumelin, Pyricularia oryzae class II dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2022; 47:190-196. [PMID: 36514691 PMCID: PMC9716045 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d22-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The target site of the novel fungicide quinofumelin was investigated in the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Quinofumelin-induced mycelial growth inhibition was reversed by orotate but not by dihydroorotate. Recovery tests suggested that the target site of quinofumelin was dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate. Quinofumelin strongly inhibited P. oryzae class 2 DHODH (DHODH II) (IC50: 2.8 nM). The inhibitory activities of mycelial growth and DHODH II were strongly positively correlated, indicating that DHODH II inhibition by quinofumelin lead to antifungal activity. A P. oryzae DHODH II gene (PoPYR4) disruption mutant (ΔPopyr4), showing the same tendency as the quinofumelin-treated wild strain in recovery tests, was constructed, and disease symptoms were not observed in rice plants infected by ΔPopyr4. Thus, DHODH II, which plays an important role in pathogenicity and mycelial growth, is found to be the target site of quinofumelin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Hamada
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
| | - Toshiaki Ohara
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
| | | | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
| | - Shinichi Banba
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
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32
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Zhang S, Kang L, Dai X, Chen J, Chen Z, Wang M, Jiang H, Wang X, Bu S, Liu X, Zhang G, Tang H. Manganese induces tumor cell ferroptosis through type-I IFN dependent inhibition of mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:202-212. [PMID: 36228830 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides to lethal levels, which is morphologically, biochemically, and genetically distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. Manganese play an important role in innate immunity and antitumor immunity. Many manganese-based nanomaterials induce tumor cell death by catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the tumor. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As research on ferroptosis advances and its regulatory mechanisms in tumors continue to be refined, more evidence has suggested that triggering ferroptosis in tumor cells is an effective strategy for tumor treatment. In this study, we found that administration of MnCl2 to tumor cells resulted in lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of mitochondrial ROS, consequently leading to ferroptosis. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)-mediated ferroptosis defence is a targetable vulnerability in cancer. We show that MnCl2 downregulated DHODH expression in tumor cells, resulting in increased mitochondrial ROS and lipid peroxidation to induce ferroptosis. In addition, MnCl2 enhanced the phosphorylation levels of STING, TBK1, and IRF3 and upregulated the expression of type-I interferon (IFN), produced by the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. When inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling pathway or type-I IFN, DHODH expression was restored, reversing lipid peroxidation and ROS production and rescuing MnCl2-induced ferroptosis.. Knockout of IFNAR1 or overexpression of DHODH weakens the antitumor effect of MnCl2. Mechanistically, these results revealed that Manganese treatment-activated cGAS-STING signaling promote mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and ROS production by releasing type-I IFNs that reduce DHODH function and thereby inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells. This may provide a new strategy to complement existing antitumor treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 271000, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Immunology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junlan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huantong Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Suqin Bu
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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33
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Banerjee R, Purhonen J, Kallijärvi J. The mitochondrial coenzyme Q junction and complex III: biochemistry and pathophysiology. FEBS J 2022; 289:6936-6958. [PMID: 34428349 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is the electron-carrying lipid in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS). In mammals, it serves as the electron acceptor for nine mitochondrial inner membrane dehydrogenases. These include the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I, CI) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII) but also several others that are often omitted in the context of respiratory enzymes: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, choline dehydrogenase, electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenases 1 and 2, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. The metabolic pathways these enzymes are involved in range from amino acid and fatty acid oxidation to nucleotide biosynthesis, methylation, and hydrogen sulfide detoxification, among many others. The CoQ-linked metabolism depends on CoQ reoxidation by the mitochondrial complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex, CIII). However, the literature is surprisingly limited as for the role of the CoQ-linked metabolism in the pathogenesis of human diseases of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which the CoQ homeostasis is directly or indirectly affected. In this review, we give an introduction to CIII function, and an overview of the pathological consequences of CIII dysfunction in humans and mice and of the CoQ-dependent metabolic processes potentially affected in these pathological states. Finally, we discuss some experimental tools to dissect the various aspects of compromised CoQ oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Sibille G, Luganini A, Sainas S, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Gribaudo G. The Novel hDHODH Inhibitor MEDS433 Prevents Influenza Virus Replication by Blocking Pyrimidine Biosynthesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102281. [PMID: 36298835 PMCID: PMC9611833 DOI: 10.3390/v14102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological management of influenza virus (IV) infections still poses a series of challenges due to the limited anti-IV drug arsenal. Therefore, the development of new anti-influenza agents effective against antigenically different IVs is therefore an urgent priority. To meet this need, host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) can be evaluated as an alternative or complementary approach to current direct-acting agents (DAAs) for the therapy of IV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral strategy, in this study, we characterized the anti-IV activity of MEDS433, a novel small molecule inhibitor of the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. MEDS433 exhibited a potent antiviral activity against IAV and IBV replication, which was reversed by the addition of exogenous uridine and cytidine or the hDHODH product orotate, thus indicating that MEDS433 targets notably hDHODH activity in IV-infected cells. When MEDS433 was used in combination either with dipyridamole (DPY), an inhibitor of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, or with an anti-IV DAA, such as N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), synergistic anti-IV activities were observed. As a whole, these results indicate MEDS433 as a potential HTA candidate to develop novel anti-IV intervention approaches, either as a single agent or in combination regimens with DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6704648
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35
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Li C, Zhou Y, Xu J, Zhou X, Liu S, Huang Z, Qiu Z, Zeng T, Gou K, Tao L, Zhong X, Yang X, Zhou Y, Su N, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Luo Y. Discovery of potent human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors based on a benzophenone scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114737. [PMID: 36115209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine by inhibiting human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is an effective way to suppress the proliferation of cancer cells and activated lymphocytes. Herein, eighteen teriflunomide derivatives and four ASLAN003 derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel hDHODH inhibitors based on a benzophenone scaffold. The optimal compound 7d showed a potent hDHODH inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 10.9 nM, and displayed promising antiproliferative activities against multiple human cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.1-0.8 μM. Supplementation of exogenous uridine rescued the cell viability of 7d-treated Raji and HCT116 cells. Meanwhile, 7d significantly induced cell cycle S-phase arrest in Raji and HCT116 cells. Furthermore, 7d exhibited favorable safety profiles in mice and displayed effective antitumor activities with tumor growth inhibition (TGI) rates of 58.3% and 42.1% at an oral dosage of 30 mg/kg in Raji and HCT116 cells xenograft models, respectively. Taken together, these findings provide a promising hDHODH inhibitor 7d with potential activities against some tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zongkai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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36
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Inhibitors of Nucleotide Biosynthesis as Candidates for a Wide Spectrum of Antiviral Chemotherapy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081631. [PMID: 36014049 PMCID: PMC9413629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viruses have been a challenge in public health in recent decades. Host-targeted antivirals (HTA) directed at cellular molecules or pathways involved in virus multiplication represent an interesting strategy to combat viruses presently lacking effective chemotherapy. HTA could provide a wide range of agents with inhibitory activity against current and future viruses that share similar host requirements and reduce the possible selection of antiviral-resistant variants. Nucleotide metabolism is one of the more exploited host metabolic pathways as a potential antiviral target for several human viruses. This review focuses on the antiviral properties of the inhibitors of pyrimidine and purine nucleotide biosynthesis, with an emphasis on the rate-limiting enzymes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) for which there are old and new drugs active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic viruses.
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37
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Cisar JS, Pietsch C, DeRatt LG, Jacoby E, Kazmi F, Keohane C, Legenski K, Matico R, Shaffer P, Simonnet Y, Tanner A, Wang CY, Wang W, Attar R, Edwards JP, Kuduk SD. N-Heterocyclic 3-Pyridyl Carboxamide Inhibitors of DHODH for the Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11241-11256. [PMID: 35925768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), a disease of the blood and bone marrow, is characterized by the inability of myeloblasts to differentiate into mature cell types. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme well-known in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway; however, small molecule DHODH inhibitors were recently shown to induce differentiation in multiple AML subtypes. Using virtual screening and structure-based drug design approaches, a new series of N-heterocyclic 3-pyridyl carboxamide DHODH inhibitors were discovered. Two lead compounds, 19 and 29, have potent biochemical and cellular DHODH activity, favorable physicochemical properties, and efficacy in a preclinical model of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Cisar
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Christine Pietsch
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Lindsey G DeRatt
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Edgar Jacoby
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Faraz Kazmi
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Colleen Keohane
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Katie Legenski
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Rosalie Matico
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Paul Shaffer
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Yvan Simonnet
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Alexandra Tanner
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Chao-Yuan Wang
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Weixue Wang
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ricardo Attar
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - James P Edwards
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott D Kuduk
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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38
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Zhen C, Lu H, Jiang Y. Novel Promising Antifungal Target Proteins for Conquering Invasive Fungal Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:911322. [PMID: 35783432 PMCID: PMC9243655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) pose a serious clinical problem, but the antifungal arsenal is limited and has many disadvantages, such as drug resistance and toxicity. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop antifungal compounds that target novel target proteins of pathogenic fungi for treating IFIs. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the biological functions of novel promising target proteins for treating IFIs in pathogenic fungi and their inhibitors. Inhibitors of inositol phosphoramide (IPC) synthases (such as Aureobasidin A, Khafrefungin, Galbonolide A, and Pleofungin A) have potent antifungal activities by inhibiting sphingolipid synthesis. Disrupting glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis by Jawsamycin (an inhibitor of Spt14), M720 (an inhibitor of Mcd4), and APX001A (an inhibitor of Gwt1) is a promising strategy for treating IFIs. Turbinmicin is a natural-compound inhibitor of Sec14 and has extraordinary antifungal efficacy, broad-antifungal spectrum, low toxicity, and is a promising new compound for treating IFIs. CMLD013075 targets fungal heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and has remarkable antifungal efficacy. Olorofim, as an inhibitor of dihydrolactate dehydrogenase, is a breakthrough drug treatment for IFIs. These novel target proteins and their inhibitors may overcome the limitations of currently available antifungal drugs and improve patient outcomes in the treatment of IFIs.
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Galati S, Sainas S, Giorgis M, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Ortore G, Poli G, Tuccinardi T. Identification of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor by a Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123660. [PMID: 35744791 PMCID: PMC9228440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is an enzyme belonging to a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent family involved in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, a key biological pathway for highly proliferating cancer cells and pathogens. In fact, hDHODH proved to be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, and viral and bacterial infections; therefore, the identification of novel hDHODH ligands represents a hot topic in medicinal chemistry. In this work, we reported a virtual screening study for the identification of new promising hDHODH inhibitors. A pharmacophore-based approach combined with a consensus docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations was applied to screen a large database of commercial compounds. The whole virtual screening protocol allowed for the identification of a novel compound that is endowed with promising inhibitory activity against hDHODH and is structurally different from known ligands. These results validated the reliability of the in silico workflow and provided a valuable starting point for hit-to-lead and future lead optimization studies aimed at the development of new potent hDHODH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Galati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (G.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Marta Giorgis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Marco L. Lolli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Gabriella Ortore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (G.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (G.O.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-9603
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (G.O.); (T.T.)
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40
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Zheng L. Targeting MEN1-deficient tumors with DHODH inhibitor. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022; 2:69. [PMID: 39034953 PMCID: PMC11256604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Multidisciplinary Gastrointestinal Cancer Laboratories Program, the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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41
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Allison TM, Degiacomi MT, Marklund EG, Jovine L, Elofsson A, Benesch JLP, Landreh M. Complementing machine learning‐based structure predictions with native mass spectrometry. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4333. [PMID: 35634779 PMCID: PMC9123603 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The advent of machine learning‐based structure prediction algorithms such as AlphaFold2 (AF2) and RoseTTa Fold have moved the generation of accurate structural models for the entire cellular protein machinery into the reach of the scientific community. However, structure predictions of protein complexes are based on user‐provided input and may require experimental validation. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a versatile, time‐effective tool that provides information on post‐translational modifications, ligand interactions, conformational changes, and higher‐order oligomerization. Using three protein systems, we show that native MS experiments can uncover structural features of ligand interactions, homology models, and point mutations that are undetectable by AF2 alone. We conclude that machine learning can be complemented with MS to yield more accurate structural models on a small and large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Allison
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | | | - Luca Jovine
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Arne Elofsson
- Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Stockholm University Solna Sweden
| | | | - Michael Landreh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet – Biomedicum Stockholm Sweden
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42
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Zheng Y, Li S, Song K, Ye J, Li W, Zhong Y, Feng Z, Liang S, Cai Z, Xu K. A Broad Antiviral Strategy: Inhibitors of Human DHODH Pave the Way for Host-Targeting Antivirals against Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050928. [PMID: 35632670 PMCID: PMC9146014 DOI: 10.3390/v14050928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies to rapidly develop broad-spectrum antiviral therapies are urgently required for emerging and re-emerging viruses. Host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) that target the universal host factors necessary for viral replication are the most promising approach, with broad-spectrum, foresighted function, and low resistance. We and others recently identified that host dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is one of the universal host factors essential for the replication of many acute-infectious viruses. DHODH is a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Therefore, it has also been developed as a therapeutic target for many diseases relying on cellular pyrimidine resources, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, and viral or bacterial infections. Significantly, the successful use of DHODH inhibitors (DHODHi) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection further supports the application prospects. This review focuses on the advantages of HTAs and the antiviral effects of DHODHi with clinical applications. The multiple functions of DHODHi in inhibiting viral replication, stimulating ISGs expression, and suppressing cytokine storms make DHODHi a potent strategy against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shiliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Kun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jiajie Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Wenkang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yifan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Ziyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Simeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory at Center for Animal Experiments, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.Z.); (K.S.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory at Center for Animal Experiments, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-68756997; Fax: +86-27-68754592
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43
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Lemieux H, Blier PU. Exploring Thermal Sensitivities and Adaptations of Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathways. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040360. [PMID: 35448547 PMCID: PMC9025460 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature shifts are a major challenge to animals; they drive adaptations in organisms and species, and affect all physiological functions in ectothermic organisms. Understanding the origin and mechanisms of these adaptations is critical for determining whether ectothermic organisms will be able to survive when faced with global climate change. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is thought to be an important metabolic player in this regard, since the capacity of the mitochondria to produce energy greatly varies according to temperature. However, organism survival and fitness depend not only on how much energy is produced, but, more precisely, on how oxidative phosphorylation is affected and which step of the process dictates thermal sensitivity. These questions need to be addressed from a new perspective involving a complex view of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and its related pathways. In this review, we examine the effect of temperature on the commonly measured pathways, but mainly focus on the potential impact of lesser-studied pathways and related steps, including the electron-transferring flavoprotein pathway, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, choline dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenase, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. Our objective is to reveal new avenues of research that can address the impact of temperature on oxidative phosphorylation in all its complexity to better portray the limitations and the potential adaptations of aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6C 4G9, Canada
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (P.U.B.)
| | - Pierre U. Blier
- Department Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (P.U.B.)
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44
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Kabiraj P, Grund EM, Clarkson BDS, Johnson RK, LaFrance-Corey RG, Lucchinetti CF, Howe CL. Teriflunomide shifts the astrocytic bioenergetic profile from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis and attenuates TNFα-induced inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3049. [PMID: 35197552 PMCID: PMC8866412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes utilize both glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways to power cellular processes that are vital to maintaining normal CNS functions. These cells also mount inflammatory and acute phase reactive programs in response to diverse stimuli. While the metabolic functions of astrocytes under homeostatic conditions are well-studied, the role of cellular bioenergetics in astrocyte reactivity is poorly understood. Teriflunomide exerts immunomodulatory effects in diseases such as multiple sclerosis by metabolically reprogramming lymphocytes and myeloid cells. We hypothesized that teriflunomide would constrain astrocytic inflammatory responses. Purified murine astrocytes were grown under serum-free conditions to prevent acquisition of a spontaneous reactive state. Stimulation with TNFα activated NFκB and increased secretion of Lcn2. TNFα stimulation increased basal respiration, maximal respiration, and ATP production in astrocytes, as assessed by oxygen consumption rate. TNFα also increased glycolytic reserve and glycolytic capacity of astrocytes but did not change the basal glycolytic rate, as assessed by measuring the extracellular acidification rate. TNFα specifically increased mitochondrial ATP production and secretion of Lcn2 required ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase via teriflunomide transiently increased both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in quiescent astrocytes, but only the increased glycolytic ATP production was sustained over time, resulting in a bias away from mitochondrial ATP production even at doses down to 1 μM. Preconditioning with teriflunomide prevented the TNFα-induced skew toward oxidative phosphorylation, reduced mitochondrial ATP production, and reduced astrocytic inflammatory responses, suggesting that this drug may limit neuroinflammation by acting as a metabolomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Kabiraj
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ethan M Grund
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Graduate School Neuroscience PhD Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin D S Clarkson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Renee K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Reghann G LaFrance-Corey
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Charles L Howe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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45
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New Insights into the Interaction of Class II Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenases with Ubiquinone in Lipid Bilayers as a Function of Lipid Composition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052437. [PMID: 35269583 PMCID: PMC8910288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fourth enzymatic reaction in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate, is catalyzed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Enzymes belonging to the DHODH Class II are membrane-bound proteins that use ubiquinones as their electron acceptors. We have designed this study to understand the interaction of an N-terminally truncated human DHODH (HsΔ29DHODH) and the DHODH from Escherichia coli (EcDHODH) with ubiquinone (Q10) in supported lipid membranes using neutron reflectometry (NR). NR has allowed us to determine in situ, under solution conditions, how the enzymes bind to lipid membranes and to unambiguously resolve the location of Q10. Q10 is exclusively located at the center of all of the lipid bilayers investigated, and upon binding, both of the DHODHs penetrate into the hydrophobic region of the outer lipid leaflet towards the Q10. We therefore show that the interaction between the soluble enzymes and the membrane-embedded Q10 is mediated by enzyme penetration. We can also show that EcDHODH binds more efficiently to the surface of simple bilayers consisting of 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, and tetraoleoyl cardiolipin than HsΔ29DHODH, but does not penetrate into the lipids to the same degree. Our results also highlight the importance of Q10, as well as lipid composition, on enzyme binding.
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46
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Orozco Rodriguez JM, Wacklin-Knecht H, Knecht W. Protein-lipid interactions of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and three mutants associated with Miller syndrome. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:1337-1358. [PMID: 35184687 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2039393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and uses ubiquinone Q10, a lipophilic molecule located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), as its co-substrate. DHODH is anchored to the IMM by a single transmembrane helix located at its N-terminus. Nevertheless, how DHODH function is determined by its surrounding membrane environment and protein-lipid interactions, as well as the mechanism by which ubiquinone Q10 accesses the active site of DHODH from within the membrane are still largely unknown. Here, we describe the interaction between wild-type DHODH and three DHODH mutants associated with Miller syndrome and lipids using enzymatic assays, thermal stability assays and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Our results provide evidence indicating that the N-terminal part of human DHODH is not only a structural element for mitochondrial import and location of DHODH, but also influences enzymatic activity and utilization of ubiquinone Q10 and ubiquinone analogues in in vitro assays. They also support the role of tetraoleoyl cardiolipin as a lipid interacting with DHODH. Additionally, the results from QCM-D show that the Miller syndrome mutants studied differ in their interactions with supported lipid bilayers compared to wild-type DHODH. These altered interactions add another dimension to the effects of mutations found in Miller syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the protein-lipid interactions of DHODH variants associated with Miller syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Wacklin-Knecht
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,European Spallation Source ERIC, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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47
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Ma Y, Zhu Q, Wang X, Liu M, Chen Q, Jiang L, Chi Y, Zeng YX, Zhao H, Jiao Y. Synthetic lethal screening identifies DHODH as a target for MEN1-mutated tumor cells. Cell Res 2022; 32:596-599. [PMID: 35169281 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology and Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qichen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Jiang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yihebali Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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48
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Rauchová H. Coenzyme Q10 effects in neurological diseases. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipophilic substituted benzoquinone, is present in animal and plant cells. It is endogenously synthetized in every cell and involved in a variety of cellular processes. CoQ10 is an obligatory component of the respiratory chain in inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition, the presence of CoQ10 in all cellular membranes and in blood. It is the only endogenous lipid antioxidant. Moreover, it is an essential factor for uncoupling protein and controls the permeability transition pore in mitochondria. It also participates in extramitochondrial electron transport and controls membrane physicochemical properties. CoQ10 effects on gene expression might affect the overall metabolism. Primary changes in the energetic and antioxidant functions can explain its remedial effects. CoQ10 supplementation is safe and well-tolerated, even at high doses. CoQ10 does not cause any serious adverse effects in humans or experimental animals. New preparations of CoQ10 that are less hydrophobic and structural derivatives, like idebenone and MitoQ, are being developed to increase absorption and tissue distribution. The review aims to summarize clinical and experimental effects of CoQ10 supplementations in some neurological diseases such as migraine, Parkinson´s disease, Huntington´s disease, Alzheimer´s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich´s ataxia or multiple sclerosis. Cardiovascular hypertension was included because of its central mechanisms controlling blood pressure in the brainstem rostral ventrolateral medulla and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to recommend CoQ10 as adjunct to conventional therapy in some cases. However, sometimes CoQ10 supplementations are more efficient in animal models of diseases than in human patients (e.g. Parkinson´s disease) or rather vague (e.g. Friedreich´s ataxia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rauchová
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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49
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Clemente CM, Pineda T, Yepes LM, Upegui Y, Allemandi DA, Robledo SM, Ravetti S. Eugenol carbonate activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania braziliensis, and Trypanosoma cruzi. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100432. [PMID: 34954824 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are a major health problem throughout the world, and there are few effective and safe drugs. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of carbonates of eugenol using different aliphatic alcohols and N,N-carbonyldiimidazole. Spectroscopic techniques, including 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, were used to confirm the structures of the synthesized compounds. In vitro and in silico studies of prodrugs of eugenol were performed to determine their antiplasmodial, trypanocidal, and leishmanicidal activities, and also their cytotoxicity. Compounds were highly active against Leishmania braziliensis and Plasmodium falciparum, whereas the activity shown for Trypanosoma cruzi was moderate. Molecular docking was used to determine a possible mode of action of eugenol against the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase of the three parasites (TcDHODH, LbDHODH, and PfDHODH). Notably, the docking results showed that eugenol not only has binding energy similar to that of the natural substrate (-7.2 and -7.1, respectively) but also has interactions with relevant biological residues of PfDHODH. This result indicates that eugenol could act as a substrate for PfDHODH in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway of P. falciparum. In conclusion, the combination of certain aliphatic alcohols and eugenol through a carbonate bond could significantly increase the antiparasitic activity of this class of compounds, which merits further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Clemente
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Tatiana Pineda
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Lina M Yepes
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Yulieth Upegui
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.,Corporación de Innovación CIDEPRO, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Daniel A Allemandi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sara M Robledo
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Soledad Ravetti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT VM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
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50
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Shen X, Zhang L, Xing S, Zhang XW, Xiong GL, Cong YW, Xiao H, Wang XR, Yu ZY. Inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis by strobilurin derivatives induces differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:1202-1210. [PMID: 34877904 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2008382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid-based differentiation therapies have succeeded in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, which is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Their clinical efficacy is negligible, however, for other subtypes of AML. Here, we showed that strobilurin derivatives, a well-established class of inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex III, possessed differentiation-inducing activity in AML cells. Impairment of mitochondrial ETC activity was involved in the differentiation effects of strobilurin derivatives, where reactive oxygen species generation appeared unnecessary. Conversely, strobilurin derivative-mediated differentiation was triggered by pyrimidine deficiency, which resulted from the inhibition of the mitochondrial-coupled dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme. Moreover, strobilurin derivative-mediated pyrimidine depletion led to the activation of the Akt/mTOR cascade, which was required for the differentiation. Our study provided evidence that strobilurin derivatives may represent a novel class of differentiation-inducing agents for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Shen
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The General Hospital of PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Xing
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Lin Xiong
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Wen Cong
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ru Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The General Hospital of PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Zu-Yin Yu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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