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Wei J, Zhang M, Wang X, Yang K, Xiao Q, Zhu X, Pan X. Role of cardiolipin in regulating and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176853. [PMID: 39067567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, mainly caused by atherosclerosis, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the discrepancies in clinical manifestations between different abnormalities, atherosclerosis shares similar pathophysiological processes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Cardiolipin (CL) is a conserved mitochondria-specific lipid that contributes to the cristae structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Alterations in the CL, including oxidative modification, reduced quantity, and abnormal localization, contribute to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the knowledge that CL is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. On the one hand, CL and its oxidative modification promote the progression of atherosclerosis via several mechanisms, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in response to stress. On the other hand, CL externalizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and acts as the pivotal "eat-me" signal in mitophagy, removing dysfunctional mitochondria and safeguarding against the progression of atherosclerosis. Given the imbalance between proatherogenic and antiatherogenic effects, we provide our understanding of the roles of the CL and its oxidative modification in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, in addition to potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the CL. Briefly, CL is far more than a structural IMM lipid; broader significances of the evolutionarily conserved lipid need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Ye P, Liu H, Qin Y, Li Z, Huang Z, Bu X, Peng Q, Duan N, Wang W, Wang X. SS-31 mitigates oxidative stress and restores mitochondrial function in cigarette smoke-damaged oral epithelial cells via PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 400:111166. [PMID: 39069114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for several oral diseases, including oral cancer, oral leukoplakia and periodontitis, primarily related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). SS-31, a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide, has exhibited demonstrable efficacy in medical conditions by attenuating mitochondrial ROS production. However, its potential in the treatment of oral diseases remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of SS-31 in mitigating smoking-induced oral epithelial injury. Through in vitro experiments, our results indicate that SS-31 plays a protective role against cigarette smoke extract (CSE) by reducing oxidative stress, attenuating inflammatory response, and restoring mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we found that mitophagy, regulated by PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1)/Parkin (Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase), was critical for the protective role of SS-31. Our findings offer valuable insights into SS-31's therapeutic potential in mitigating CSE-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial dysfunction in oral epithelial cells. This study provides novel intervention targets for smoking-related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ye
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Qin
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuwei Huang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangwen Bu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Duan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenmei Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Kusunose M, Mifune Y, Inui A, Yamaura K, Furukawa T, Kato T, Kuroda R. Preoperative Increases in T2-Weighted Fat-Suppressed MRI Signal Intensities Associated with Advanced Tissue Degeneration and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rotator Cuff Tears. Arthroscopy 2024:S0749-8063(24)00615-7. [PMID: 39214430 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensities and mitochondrial function in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, assessed through histological and genetic profiling of tendon tissue. METHODS This study, conducted between April 2022 and January 2023, included 20 patients undergoing rotator cuff repair for atraumatic/degenerative tears. Rotator cuff tendon edge samples were obtained during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients were classified based on signal intensity from preoperative T2-weighted fat suppressed MRI. Specifically, they were categorized as having either high or low signal intensity at the rotator cuff tendon edge, with the deltoid muscle serving as a reference. Comparative analyses specifically compared the histological features and genetic profiles of the tendon tissue at the rotator cuff tendon edge. Histological evaluation of harvested tendon specimens during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair employed the modified Bonar score. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess expression of various mitochondrial and apoptosis-related genes. The mitochondrial morphology of the rotator cuff torn site was examined using electron microscopy. RESULTS The higher signal intensity group showed significantly higher modified Bonar scores (p=0.0068), decreased mitochondrial gene expression, increased TUNEL-positive cells (p=0.032), lower SOD activity (p=0.011), reduced ATP5A (p=0.031), and increased cleaved caspase-9 activity (p=0.026) when compared to the lower signal intensity group. Electron microscopy revealed fewer mitochondrial cristae in the higher signal intensity group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest correlations between high MRI signal intensities and the presence of degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased apoptosis in rotator cuff tissues. This underscores the utility of MRI signal intensity as an indicator of tissue condition. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Building on the established premise that elevated preoperative MRI signal intensities may indicate higher rates of postoperative rotator cuff re-tears, the current study substantiates these findings from a mitochondrial function perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kusunose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Atsuyuki Inui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamaura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takahiro Furukawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatuso Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Aggarwal S, Singh V, Chakraborty A, Cha S, Dimitriou A, de Crescenzo C, Izikson O, Yu L, Plebani R, Tzika AA, Rahme LG. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing transcription factor MvfR: reversing effects with anti-MvfR and mitochondrial-targeted compounds. mBio 2024; 15:e0129224. [PMID: 38860823 PMCID: PMC11253625 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01292-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and chronic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading "ESKAPE" bacterial pathogen, are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and skeletal muscle atrophy. The actions of this pathogen on skeletal muscle remain poorly understood. In skeletal muscle, mitochondria serve as a crucial energy source, which may be perturbed by infection. Here, using the well-established backburn and infection model of murine P. aeruginosa infection, we deciphered the systemic impact of the quorum-sensing transcription factor MvfR (multiple virulence factor regulator) by interrogating, 5 days post-infection, its effect on mitochondrial-related functions in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle and the outcome of the pharmacological inhibition of MvfR function and that of the mitochondrial-targeted peptide, Szeto-Schiller 31 (SS-31). Our findings show that the MvfR perturbs adenosine triphosphate generation, oxidative phosphorylation, and antioxidant response, elevates the production of reactive oxygen species, and promotes oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA in the gastrocnemius muscle of infected mice. These impairments in mitochondrial-related functions were corroborated by the alteration of key mitochondrial proteins involved in electron transport, mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and quality control, and mitochondrial uncoupling. Pharmacological inhibition of MvfR using the potent anti-MvfR lead, D88, we developed, or the mitochondrial-targeted peptide SS-31 rescued the MvfR-mediated alterations observed in mice infected with the wild-type strain PA14. Our study provides insights into the actions of MvfR in orchestrating mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal murine muscle, and it presents novel therapeutic approaches for optimizing clinical outcomes in affected patients. IMPORTANCE Skeletal muscle, pivotal for many functions in the human body, including breathing and protecting internal organs, contains abundant mitochondria essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis during infection. The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections on skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. Our study delves into the role of a central quorum-sensing transcription factor, multiple virulence factor regulator (MvfR), that controls the expression of multiple acute and chronic virulence functions that contribute to the pathogenicity of PA. The significance of our study lies in the role of MvfR in the metabolic perturbances linked to mitochondrial functions in skeletal muscle and the effectiveness of the novel MvfR inhibitor and the mitochondrial-targeted peptide SS-31 in alleviating the mitochondrial disturbances caused by PA in skeletal muscle. Inhibiting MvfR or interfering with its effects can be a potential therapeutic strategy to curb PA virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Aggarwal
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sujin Cha
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Dimitriou
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire de Crescenzo
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Izikson
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucy Yu
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Aria Tzika
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurence G. Rahme
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Aggarwal S, Singh V, Chakraborty A, Cha S, Dimitriou A, de Crescenzo C, Izikson O, Yu L, Plebani R, Tzika AA, Rahme LG. Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Transcription Factor MvfR: Reversing Effects with Anti-MvfR and Mitochondrial-Targeted Compounds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592480. [PMID: 38746243 PMCID: PMC11092755 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis and chronic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading "ESKAPE" bacterial pathogen, are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and skeletal muscle atrophy. The actions of this pathogen on skeletal muscle remain poorly understood. In skeletal muscle, mitochondria serve as a crucial energy source, which may be perturbed by infection. Here, using the well-established backburn and infection model of murine P. aeruginosa infection, we deciphered the systemic impact of the quorum sensing (QS) transcription factor MvfR by interrogating five days post-infection its effect on mitochondrial-related functions in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle and the outcome of the pharmacological inhibition of MvfR function and that of the mitochondrial-targeted peptide, Szeto-Schiller 31 (SS-31). Our findings show that the MvfR perturbs ATP generation, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and antioxidant response, elevates the production of reactive oxygen species, and promotes oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA in the gastrocnemius muscle of infected mice. These impairments in mitochondrial-related functions were corroborated by the alteration of key mitochondrial proteins involved in electron transport, mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and quality control, and mitochondrial uncoupling. Pharmacological inhibition of MvfR using the potent anti-MvfR lead, D88, we developed, or the mitochondrial-targeted peptide SS-31 rescued the MvfR- mediated alterations observed in mice infected with the wild-type strain PA14. Our study provides insights into the actions of MvfR in orchestrating mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal murine muscle, and it presents novel therapeutic approaches for optimizing clinical outcomes in affected patients.
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Nguyen SV, Levintov L, Planalp RP, Vashisth H. Interactions and Transport of a Bioconjugated Peptide Targeting the Mitomembrane. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:371-380. [PMID: 38404183 PMCID: PMC10961729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides are a subclass of cell-penetrating peptides that can specifically target mitochondria and mediate conditions caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. In this work, we constructed an iron-chelating SS peptide and studied its interaction with a mitochondrial-mimicking membrane using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We report that the peptide/membrane interaction is thermodynamically favorable, and the localization of the peptide to the membrane is driven by electrostatic interactions between the cationic residues and the anionic phospholipid headgroups. The insertion of the peptide into the membrane is driven by hydrophobic interactions between the aromatic side chains in the peptide and the lipid acyl tails. We also probed the translocation of the peptide across the membrane by applying nonequilibrium steered MD simulations and resolved the translocation pathway, free energy profile, and metastable states. We explored four distinct orientations of the peptide along the translocation pathway and found that one orientation was energetically more favorable than the other orientations. We tested a significantly slower pulling velocity on the most thermodynamically favorable system and compared metastable states during peptide translocation. We found that the peptide can optimize hydrophobic interactions with the membrane by having aromatic side chains interacting with the lipid acyl tails instead of forming π-π interactions with each other. The mechanistic insights emerging from our work will potentially facilitate improved peptide design with enhanced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son V. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Lev Levintov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Roy P. Planalp
- Department
of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
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7
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Elwakiel A, Mathew A, Isermann B. The role of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria-associated membranes in diabetic kidney disease. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2875-2883. [PMID: 38367274 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The pathomechanisms of DKD are multifactorial, yet haemodynamic and metabolic changes in the early stages of the disease appear to predispose towards irreversible functional loss and histopathological changes. Recent studies highlight the importance of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria-associated membranes (ER-MAMs), structures conveying important cellular homeostatic and metabolic effects, in the pathology of DKD. Disruption of ER-MAM integrity in diabetic kidneys is associated with DKD progression, but the regulation of ER-MAMs and their pathogenic contribution remain largely unknown. Exploring the cell-specific components and dynamic changes of ER-MAMs in diabetic kidneys may lead to the identification of new approaches to detect and stratify diabetic patients with DKD. In addition, these insights may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to target and/or reverse disease progression. In this review, we discuss the association of ER-MAMs with key pathomechanisms driving DKD such as insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, ER stress, and inflammasome activation and the importance of further exploration of ER-MAMs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elwakiel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Straße 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akash Mathew
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Straße 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Straße 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Tamucci JD, Alder NN, May ER. Peptide Power: Mechanistic Insights into the Effect of Mitochondria-Targeted Tetrapeptides on Membrane Electrostatics from Molecular Simulations. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6114-6129. [PMID: 37904323 PMCID: PMC10841697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in nine of the ten leading causes of death in the US, yet there are no FDA-approved therapeutics to treat it. Synthetic mitochondria-targeted peptides (MTPs), including the lead compound SS-31, offer promise, as they have been shown to restore healthy mitochondrial function and treat a variety of common diseases. At the cellular level, research has shown that MTPs accumulate strongly at the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), slow energy sinks (e.g., proton leaks), and improve ATP production. Modulation of electrostatic fields around the IMM has been implicated as a key aspect in the mechanism of action (MoA) of these peptides; however, molecular and mechanistic details have remained elusive. In this study, we employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations (MD) to investigate the interactions of four MTPs with lipid bilayers and calculate their effect on structural and electrostatic properties. In agreement with previous experimental findings, we observed the modulation of the membrane surface and dipole potentials by MTPs. The simulations reveal that the MTPs achieve a reduction in the dipole potential by acting to disorder both lipid head groups and water layers proximal to the bilayer surface. We also find that MTPs decrease the bilayer thickness and increase the membrane's capacitance. These changes suggest that MTPs may enhance how much potential energy can be stored across the IMM at a given transmembrane potential difference. The MTPs also displace cations away from the bilayer surface, modulating the surface potential and offering an alternative mechanism for how these MTPs reduce mitochondrial energy sinks like proton leaks and mitigate Ca2+ accumulation stress. In conclusion, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of MTPs and underlines how interactions of MTPs with lipid bilayers serve as a fundamental component of their MoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Tamucci
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Davidescu M, Mezzasoma L, Fettucciari K, Pascucci L, Pariano M, Di Michele A, Bereshchenko O, Cagini C, Cellini B, Corazzi L, Bellezza I, Macchioni L. Cardiolipin-mediated temporal response to hydroquinone toxicity in human retinal pigmented epithelial cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119554. [PMID: 37524263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroquinone, a potent toxic agent of cigarette smoke, damages retinal pigmented epithelial cells by triggering oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, two events causally related to the development and progression of retinal diseases. The inner mitochondrial membrane is enriched in cardiolipin, a phospholipid susceptible of oxidative modifications which determine cell-fate decision. Using ARPE-19 cell line as a model of retinal pigmented epithelium, we analyzed the potential involvement of cardiolipin in hydroquinone toxicity. Hydroquinone exposure caused an early concentration-dependent increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and rise in the rate of oxygen consumption not accompanied by changes in ATP levels. Despite mitochondrial impairment, cell viability was preserved. Hydroquinone induced cardiolipin translocation to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and an increase in the colocalization of the autophagosome adapter protein LC3 with mitochondria, indicating the induction of protective mitophagy. A prolonged hydroquinone treatment induced pyroptotic cell death by cardiolipin-mediated caspase-1 and gasdermin-D activation. Cardiolipin-specific antioxidants counteracted hydroquinone effects pointing out that cardiolipin can act as a mitochondrial "eat-me signal" or as a pyroptotic cell death trigger. Our results indicate that cardiolipin may act as a timer for the mitophagy to pyroptosis switch and propose cardiolipin-targeting compounds as promising approaches for the treatment of oxidative stress-related retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Davidescu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Letizia Mezzasoma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Katia Fettucciari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physic and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia, Piazza Ermini 1, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Carlo Cagini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Lanfranco Corazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, Perugia 06132, Italy.
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Xu X, Guo W, Zhao L, Sun Y, Xu D, Yang J, Liu Y, Xie S, Wang Y, Xu Y. Exploring the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based cell metabolomics approach. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300531. [PMID: 37933967 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies confirmed the efficacy of gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit in treating cerebral ischemia. This study aimed to investigate the related mechanisms in vitro. The lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 cells model was constructed and treated with gross saponins at different concentrations to explore its anti-inflammatory activity. The cell metabolite changes were tracked by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics, and the metabolic biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were analyzed. Molecular biochemistry analysis was further used to verify the relevant inflammatory pathways. The results showed that the saponins reduced nitric oxide release and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 from lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 cells. Metabolic perturbations occurred in lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells, which could be reversed by drug treatment via mainly regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism pathways, etc. The western blot analysis demonstrated that saponin could suppress the activation of the inflammatory-related signaling pathway. The present study explored the in vitro anti-inflammatory mechanism of gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit using an LC-MS-based cell metabolomics approach, which confirms the great potential of LC-MS for drug efficacy evaluation and can be applied in other herbal medicine-related analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanhe Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shengxu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
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11
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Li M, Gasanoff ES. Cationic Proteins Rich in Lysine Residue Trigger Formation of Non-bilayer Lipid Phases in Model and Biological Membranes: Biophysical Methods of Study. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:373-391. [PMID: 37735238 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cationic membrane-active toxins are the most abundant group of proteins in the venom of snakes and insects. Cationic proteins such as cobra venom cytotoxin and bee venom melittin are known for their pharmacological reactions including anticancer and antimicrobial effects which arise from the toxin-induced alteration in the dynamics and structure of plasma membranes and membranes of organelles. It has been established that these cationic toxins trigger the formation of non-bilayer lipid phase transitions in artificial and native mitochondrial membranes. Remarkably, the toxin-induced formation of non-bilayer lipid phase increases at certain conditions mitochondrial ATP synthase activity. This observation opens an intriguing avenue for using cationic toxins in the development of novel drugs for the treatment of cellular energy deficiency caused by aging and diseases. This observation also warrants a thorough investigation of the molecular mechanism(s) of lipid phase polymorphisms triggered by cationic proteins. This article presents a review on the application of powerful biophysical methods such as resonance spectroscopy (31P-, 1H-, 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron paramagnetic resonance), luminescence, and differential scanning microcalorimetry in studies of non-bilayer lipid phase transitions triggered by cationic proteins in artificial and biological membranes. A phenomenon of the triggered by cationic proteins the non-bilayer lipid phase transitions occurring within 10-2-10-11 s is discussed in the context of potential pharmacological applications of cationic proteins. Next to the ATP dimer is an inverted micelle made of cardiolipin that serves as a vehicle for the transport of H+ ions from the intra-crista space to the matrix. It is proposed that such inverted micelles are triggered by the high density of H+ ions and the cationic proteins rich in lysine residue which compete with the conserved lysine residues of the ATP synthase rotor for binding to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane and perturb the bilayer lipid packing of cristae. Phospholipids with a blue polar head represent cardiolipin and those with a red polar head represent other phospholipids found in the crista membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Li
- STEM Research Centre, Science Department, Chaoyang Kaiwen Academy, Beijing, 100018, China
| | - Edward S Gasanoff
- STEM Research Centre, Science Department, Chaoyang Kaiwen Academy, Beijing, 100018, China.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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12
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Seman A, Chandra PK, Byrum SD, Mackintosh SG, Gies AJ, Busija DW, Rutkai I. Targeting mitochondria in the aged cerebral vasculature with SS-31, a proteomic study of brain microvessels. GeroScience 2023; 45:2951-2965. [PMID: 37458933 PMCID: PMC10643806 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and dementias during aging such as Alzheimer's disease are linked to functional decline and structural alterations of the brain microvasculature. Although mechanisms leading to microvascular changes during aging are not clear, loss of mitochondria, and reduced efficiency of remaining mitochondria appear to play a major role. Pharmacological agents, such as SS-31, which target mitochondria have been shown to be effective during aging and diseases; however, the benefit to mitochondrial- and non-mitochondrial proteins in the brain microvasculature has not been examined. We tested whether attenuation of aging-associated changes in the brain microvascular proteome via targeting mitochondria represents a therapeutic option for the aging brain. We used aged male (> 18 months) C57Bl6/J mice treated with a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, SS-31, or vehicle saline. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined using laser speckle imaging during a 2-week treatment period. Then, isolated cortical microvessels (MVs) composed of end arterioles, capillaries, and venules were used for Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometry. CBF was similar among the groups, whereas bioinformatic analysis revealed substantial differences in protein abundance of cortical MVs between SS-31 and vehicle. We identified 6267 proteins, of which 12% were mitochondria-associated. Of this 12%, 107 were significantly differentially expressed and were associated with oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism, the antioxidant defense system, or mitochondrial dynamics. Administration of SS-31 affected many non-mitochondrial proteins. Our findings suggest that mitochondria in the microvasculature represent a therapeutic target in the aging brain, and widespread changes in the proteome may underlie the rejuvenating actions of SS-31 in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Seman
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Allen J Gies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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13
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He Z, Xu K, Li Y, Gao H, Miao T, Zhao R, Huang Y. Molecularly Targeted Fluorescent Sensors for Visualizing and Tracking Cellular Senescence. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:838. [PMID: 37754071 PMCID: PMC10526510 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Specific identification and monitoring of senescent cells are essential for the in-depth understanding and regulation of senescence-related life processes and diseases. Fluorescent sensors providing real-time and in situ information with spatiotemporal resolution are unparalleled tools and have contributed greatly to this field. This review focuses on the recent progress in fluorescent sensors for molecularly targeted imaging and real-time tracking of cellular senescence. The molecular design, sensing mechanisms, and biological activities of the sensors are discussed. The sensors are categorized by the types of markers and targeting ligands. Accordingly, their molecular recognition and fluorescent performance towards senescence biomarkers are summarized. Finally, the perspective and challenges in this field are discussed, which are expected to assist future design of next-generation sensors for monitoring cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong He
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (K.X.); (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Kun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (K.X.); (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (K.X.); (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (K.X.); (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Miao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (K.X.); (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (K.X.); (Y.L.); (H.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Wang C, Yang K, Liu X, Wang S, Song M, Belmonte JCI, Qu J, Liu GH, Zhang W. MAVS Antagonizes Human Stem Cell Senescence as a Mitochondrial Stabilizer. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0192. [PMID: 37521327 PMCID: PMC10374246 DOI: 10.34133/research.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark feature of cellular senescence and organ aging. Here, we asked whether the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), which is essential for driving antiviral response, also regulates human stem cell senescence. To answer this question, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and directed differentiation techniques to generate various MAVS-knockout human stem cell models. We found that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sensitive to MAVS deficiency, as manifested by accelerated senescence phenotypes. We uncovered that the role of MAVS in maintaining mitochondrial structural integrity and functional homeostasis depends on its interaction with the guanosine triphosphatase optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1). Depletion of MAVS or OPA1 led to the dysfunction of mitochondria and cellular senescence, whereas replenishment of MAVS or OPA1 in MAVS-knockout hMSCs alleviated mitochondrial defects and premature senescence phenotypes. Taken together, our data underscore an uncanonical role of MAVS in safeguarding mitochondrial homeostasis and antagonizing human stem cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,
Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Moshi Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Jing Qu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,
Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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15
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Chen X, Ji Y, Liu R, Zhu X, Wang K, Yang X, Liu B, Gao Z, Huang Y, Shen Y, Liu H, Sun H. Mitochondrial dysfunction: roles in skeletal muscle atrophy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:503. [PMID: 37495991 PMCID: PMC10373380 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and skeletal muscle health, and damage to mitochondria can lead to a series of pathophysiological changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy, and its molecular mechanism leading to skeletal muscle atrophy is complex. Understanding the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction is useful for the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy, and finding drugs and methods to target and modulate mitochondrial function are urgent tasks in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we first discussed the roles of normal mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Importantly, we described the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on skeletal muscle atrophy and the molecular mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the regulatory roles of different signaling pathways (AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α, IGF-1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR, FoxOs, JAK-STAT3, TGF-β-Smad2/3 and NF-κB pathways, etc.) and the roles of mitochondrial factors were investigated in mitochondrial dysfunction. Next, we analyzed the manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle atrophy caused by different diseases. Finally, we summarized the preventive and therapeutic effects of targeted regulation of mitochondrial function on skeletal muscle atrophy, including drug therapy, exercise and diet, gene therapy, stem cell therapy and physical therapy. This review is of great significance for the holistic understanding of the important role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle, which is helpful for researchers to further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy, and has an important inspiring role for the development of therapeutic strategies for muscle atrophy targeting mitochondria in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 55 Ninghai Middle Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Choudhary RC, Shoaib M, Hayashida K, Yin T, Miyara SJ, d’Abramo C, Heuser WG, Shinozaki K, Kim N, Takegawa R, Nishikimi M, Li T, Owens C, Molmenti EP, He M, Vanpatten S, Al-Abed Y, Kim J, Becker LB. Multi-Drug Cocktail Therapy Improves Survival and Neurological Function after Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest in Rodents. Cells 2023; 12:1548. [PMID: 37296668 PMCID: PMC10253071 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest (CA) can lead to neuronal degeneration and death through various pathways, including oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic stress. However, current neuroprotective drug therapies will typically target only one of these pathways, and most single drug attempts to correct the multiple dysregulated metabolic pathways elicited following cardiac arrest have failed to demonstrate clear benefit. Many scientists have opined on the need for novel, multidimensional approaches to the multiple metabolic disturbances after cardiac arrest. In the current study, we have developed a therapeutic cocktail that includes ten drugs capable of targeting multiple pathways of ischemia-reperfusion injury after CA. We then evaluated its effectiveness in improving neurologically favorable survival through a randomized, blind, and placebo-controlled study in rats subjected to 12 min of asphyxial CA, a severe injury model. RESULTS 14 rats were given the cocktail and 14 received the vehicle after resuscitation. At 72 h post-resuscitation, the survival rate was 78.6% among cocktail-treated rats, which was significantly higher than the 28.6% survival rate among vehicle-treated rats (log-rank test; p = 0.006). Moreover, in cocktail-treated rats, neurological deficit scores were also improved. These survival and neurological function data suggest that our multi-drug cocktail may be a potential post-CA therapy that deserves clinical translation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that, with its ability to target multiple damaging pathways, a multi-drug therapeutic cocktail offers promise both as a conceptual advance and as a specific multi-drug formulation capable of combatting neuronal degeneration and death following cardiac arrest. Clinical implementation of this therapy may improve neurologically favorable survival rates and neurological deficits in patients suffering from cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh C. Choudhary
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Tai Yin
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Santiago J. Miyara
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Cristina d’Abramo
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - William G. Heuser
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Koichiro Shinozaki
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Nancy Kim
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Ryosuke Takegawa
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Mitsuaki Nishikimi
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Timmy Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Casey Owens
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | | | - Mingzhu He
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Sonya Vanpatten
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Junhwan Kim
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Lance B. Becker
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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17
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Van den Eynde J, Chinni B, Vernon H, Thompson WR, Hornby B, Kutty S, Manlhiot C. Identifying responders to elamipretide in Barth syndrome: Hierarchical clustering for time series data. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:76. [PMID: 37041653 PMCID: PMC10088720 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare genetic disease that is characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, and growth abnormalities and often leads to death in childhood. Recently, elamipretide has been tested as a potential first disease-modifying drug. This study aimed to identify patients with BTHS who may respond to elamipretide, based on continuous physiological measurements acquired through wearable devices. RESULTS Data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 12 patients with BTHS were used, including physiological time series data measured using a wearable device (heart rate, respiratory rate, activity, and posture) and functional scores. The latter included the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) fatigue score, SWAY Balance Mobile Application score (SWAY balance score), BTHS Symptom Assessment (BTHS-SA) Total Fatigue score, muscle strength by handheld dynamometry, 5 times sit-and-stand test (5XSST), and monolysocardiolipin to cardiolipin ratio (MLCL:CL). Groups were created through median split of the functional scores into "highest score" and "lowest score", and "best response to elamipretide" and "worst response to elamipretide". Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) models were implemented to assess whether physiological data could classify patients according to functional status and distinguish non-responders from responders to elamipretide. AHC models clustered patients according to their functional status with accuracies of 60-93%, with the greatest accuracies for 6MWT (93%), PROMIS (87%), and SWAY balance score (80%). Another set of AHC models clustered patients with respect to their response to treatment with elamipretide with perfect accuracy (all 100%). CONCLUSIONS In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrated that continuously acquired physiological measurements from wearable devices can be used to predict functional status and response to treatment among patients with BTHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Van den Eynde
- The Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven & Congenital and Structural Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bhargava Chinni
- The Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hilary Vernon
- The Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Reid Thompson
- The Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brittany Hornby
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shelby Kutty
- The Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cedric Manlhiot
- The Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Gautam M, Genç B, Helmold B, Ahrens A, Kuka J, Makrecka-Kuka M, Günay A, Koçak N, Aguilar-Wickings IR, Keefe D, Zheng G, Swaminathan S, Redmon M, Zariwala HA, Özdinler PH. SBT-272 improves TDP-43 pathology in ALS upper motor neurons by modulating mitochondrial integrity, motility, and function. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106022. [PMID: 36716828 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial defects are one of the common underlying causes of neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and TDP-43 pathology is the most commonly observed proteinopathy. Disrupted inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) reported in the upper motor neurons (UMNs) of ALS patients with TDP-43 pathology is recapitulated in the UMNs of well-characterized hTDP-43 mouse model of ALS. The construct validity, such as shared and common cellular pathology in mice and human, offers a unique opportunity to test treatment strategies that may translate to patients. SBT-272 is a well-tolerated brain-penetrant small molecule that stabilizes cardiolipin, a phospholipid found in IMM, thereby restoring mitochondrial structure and respiratory function. We investigated whether SBT-272 can improve IMM structure and health in UMNs diseased with TDP-43 pathology in our well-characterized UMN reporter line for ALS. We found that SBT-272 significantly improved mitochondrial structural integrity and restored mitochondrial motility and function. This led to improved health of diseased UMNs in vitro. In comparison to edaravone and AMX0035, SBT-272 appeared more effective in restoring health of diseased UMNs. Chronic treatment of SBT-272 for sixty days starting at an early symptomatic stage of the disease in vivo led to a significant reduction in astrogliosis, microgliosis, and TDP-43 pathology in the ALS motor cortex. Our results underscore the therapeutic potential of SBT-272, especially within the context of TDP-43 pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Barış Genç
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin Helmold
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Angela Ahrens
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Janis Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (LIOS), Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-2006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (LIOS), Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-2006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aksu Günay
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nuran Koçak
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Izaak R Aguilar-Wickings
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dennis Keefe
- Stealth BioTherapeutics, 140 Kendrick St Building C, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Guozhu Zheng
- Stealth BioTherapeutics, 140 Kendrick St Building C, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Suchitra Swaminathan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 675 N St Clair Fl 21 Ste 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martin Redmon
- Stealth BioTherapeutics, 140 Kendrick St Building C, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Hatim A Zariwala
- Stealth BioTherapeutics, 140 Kendrick St Building C, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - P Hande Özdinler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 675 N St Clair Fl 21 Ste 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Dr, Evanston, IL 60208, USA..
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19
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D'Angelo V, Martinez C, Arreche N, Balaszczuk AM, del Carmen Fernández M, Burgos JI, Petroff MV, Fellet A. Thyroid hormone disorder and the heart: The role of cardiolipin in calcium handling. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:412-419. [PMID: 36651722 PMCID: PMC10103858 DOI: 10.1113/ep090817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do alterations in thyroid status affect haemodynamic parameters and echocardiographic measurements in the rat postnatal heart, and calcium handling, contractility, relaxation and cardiolipin content in isolated rat cardiomyocytes? What is the main finding and its importance? An imbalance in phospholipids of the mitochondrial membrane such as cardiolipin is related to defects in mitochondrial function. T3 -dependent cardiolipin signals contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and involve Ca2+ handling, this pathway being more important in hypothyroidism. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate whether alterations in thyroid status affect (1) haemodynamic parameters and echocardiographic measurements in the rat postnatal heart, and (2) calcium handling, contractility, relaxation and cardiolipin content in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2 months treated with T3 (hyperthyroid, 20 μg/100 g body weight) or 0.02% methimazole (hypothyroid, w/v) for 28 days. Heart function was evaluated by echocardiography. Measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, Ca2+ transients, cardiomyocyte shortening, number of spontaneous contractions per minute and cardiolipin (CL) content were performed. Thyroid disorders were associated with changes in pacemaker activity without modifications of MAP. Thyroid disorder induced changes in left ventricular diameter which were correlated with modifications of cardiac contractility (altered cell shortening and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content). Endocrine disorders altered cardiomyocyte relaxation (reduction in the time to 50% re-lengthening and the time to 50% Ca2+ decay). Thyroid disorder increased the number of spontaneous contractions per minute (an index of pro-arrhythmogenic behaviour). CL content was increased only in hypothyroid rats. Changes in CL content, CL composition and CL-protein interaction in mitochondria from hypothyroid animals are responsible for alterations of contractile and relaxation cardiac function. This mechanism may be not be involved in T3 -treated rats. Maintenance of euthyroidism is of crucial importance to preserve cardiac performance. An imbalance in relation to phospholipids of the mitochondrial membrane such as CL is related to defects in mitochondrial function. T3 -dependent CL signals contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and involve Ca2+ handling, this pathway being more important in hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Angelo
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIMEFA‐CONICETCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Candela Martinez
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIMEFA‐CONICETCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Noelia Arreche
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIMEFA‐CONICETCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ana María Balaszczuk
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIMEFA‐CONICETCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - María del Carmen Fernández
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y MolecularFacultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaIQUIFIB‐CONICETCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Burgos
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Horacio Cingolani. Facultad de Ciencias MédicasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataCONICETLa PlataArgentina
| | - Martin Vila Petroff
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Horacio Cingolani. Facultad de Ciencias MédicasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataCONICETLa PlataArgentina
| | - Andrea Fellet
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIMEFA‐CONICETCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
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20
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Russo S, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Corcelli A, Lobasso S. Beneficial effects of SS-31 peptide on cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in tafazzin knockdown mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19847. [PMID: 36400945 PMCID: PMC9674582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS), a genetic disease associated with early-onset cardioskeletal myopathy, is caused by loss-of-function mutations of the TAFAZZIN gene, which is responsible for remodeling the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). Deregulation of CL biosynthesis and maturation in BTHS mitochondria result in a dramatically increased monolysocardiolipin (MLCL)/CL ratio associated with bioenergetic dysfunction. One of the most promising therapeutic approaches for BTHS includes the mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide SS-31, which interacts with CL. Here, we used TAFAZZIN knockdown (TazKD) mice to investigate for the first time whether in vivo administration of SS-31 could affect phospholipid profiles and mitochondrial dysfunction. The CL fingerprinting of TazKD cardiac mitochondria obtained by MALDI-TOF/MS revealed the typical lipid changes associated with BTHS. TazKD mitochondria showed lower respiratory rates in state 3 and 4 together with a decreased in maximal respiratory rates. Treatment of TazKD mice with SS-31 improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity and promoted supercomplex organization, without affecting the MLCL/CL ratio. We hypothesize that SS-31 exerts its effect by influencing the function of the respiratory chain rather than affecting CL directly. In conclusion, our results indicate that SS-31 have beneficial effects on improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in a BTHS animal model, suggesting the peptide as future pharmacologic agent for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Russo
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- grid.503043.1CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Corcelli
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Lobasso
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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21
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Zhang X, Bowen E, Zhang M, Szeto HH, Deng XH, Rodeo SA. SS-31 as a Mitochondrial Protectant in the Treatment of Tendinopathy: Evaluation in a Murine Supraspinatus Tendinopathy Model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:1886-1894. [PMID: 35984013 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction in tendinopathy. The objective of this investigation was to explore the potential of SS-31 (elamipretide), a mitochondrial protectant, to improve mitochondrial function and promote tendon healing in a murine supraspinatus tendinopathy model. METHODS One hundred and twenty-six mice (252 limbs) were divided into 6 groups (42 limbs/group) that received (I) 4 weeks of impingement; (II) 8 weeks of impingement; (III) 8 weeks of impingement including 4 weeks of SS-31 treatment (5 mg/kg/d) starting after 4 weeks of impingement; (IV) 4 weeks of impingement ending with clip removal, followed by harvesting 4 weeks later; and (V) 4 weeks of impingement ending with clip removal, followed by 4 weeks of SS-31 treatment and harvesting; and a control group. Specimens were prepared for biomechanical testing, histological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, measurement of superoxidative dismutase (SOD) activity, and measurement of gene expression. RESULTS Failure force decreased after impingement, compared with the intact tendon, and the decrease was partially reversed after clip removal, SS-31 treatment, and the 2 treatments combined. A similar pattern was observed for stiffness. Histological analysis demonstrated higher modified Bonar scores in the impingement groups; however, the changes in tendon morphology were partially reversed following all treatments, especially the combined treatment. Decreased mitochondrial number and altered organization and density of cristae were observed in the impingement groups. Mitochondrial structure and number became more normal, with improvement in morphology of the cristae, after clip removal and/or SS-31 treatment. SOD activity decreased after impingement, compared with the control group, then increased significantly again after treatment, especially in the combined treatment group. Mitochondria-related gene expression decreased in the impingement groups and increased again after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The mitochondrial protectant SS-31 improved mitochondrial function, promoting tendon healing, especially when combined with removal of subacromial impingement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Improving mitochondrial function with agents such as SS-31 may represent an effective treatment to promote healing in the setting of supraspinatus tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Edward Bowen
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Meng Zhang
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Hazel H Szeto
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Menlo Park, California
| | - Xiang-Hua Deng
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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22
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Nakagawa Y, Caballo CB, Szeto HH, Deng XH, Rodeo SA. Evaluation of SS-31 as a Potential Strategy for Tendinopathy Treatment: An In Vitro Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2805-2816. [PMID: 35862638 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221107943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in our laboratory have demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction in human and animal models of supraspinatus tendinopathy. SS-31 (elamipretide) has been reported to improve mitochondrial function and to be effective in clinical trials for several diseases. The potential of SS-31 in treating tendinopathy has not been explored. HYPOTHESIS SS-31 would improve mitochondrial function in human tenocytes sampled from patients with tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Healthy tenocytes were obtained from normal hamstring tendon biopsy specimens in 9 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and tenocytes were collected from degenerative supraspinatus tendon biopsy specimens in 9 patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. Tenocytes were cultured, used at passage 1, and assigned to 4 groups: healthy tenocytes, healthy tenocytes with 1μM SS-31 treatment for 72 hours, degenerative tenocytes, and degenerative tenocytes with 1μM SS-31 treatment for 72 hours. The outcomes included measurements of mitochondrial potential, mitochondrial morphology by transmission electron microscopy imaging, reactive oxygen species and superoxidative dismutase activity, gene expression, and cell viability. RESULTS An increase in the cell fraction with depolarized mitochondria was found in degenerative tenocytes (P = .014), followed by a decrease after SS-31 treatment (P = .018). Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated morphological changes with a decreased number and size of mitochondria per cell in the degenerative tenocytes (P = .018) and with improvement after SS-31 treatment. There was no significant difference in the level of reactive oxygen species between healthy and degenerative tenocytes in culture, but superoxidative dismutase activity was significantly decreased in the degenerative group (P = .006), which then increased after SS-31 treatment (P = .012). These findings suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction may be reversed by SS-31 treatment. The gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (matrix remodeling, P = .029) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (fatty infiltration, P = .046) was significantly upregulated in the degenerative tenocytes and reduced by SS-31 treatment (P = .048; P = .007). Gene expression for hypoxia-inducible factor1 α and the proapoptotic regulator Bcl-2-associated X protein was increased in the degenerative tenocytes. There was a significant decrease in cell viability in degenerative tenocytes as compared with the healthy tenocytes, with small improvement after treatment with SS-31. CONCLUSION There are changes in mitochondrial structure and function in tenocytes derived from degenerative tendons, and SS-31, as a mitochondrial protectant, could improve mitochondrial function and promote the healing of tendinopathy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mitochondrial dysfunction appears to play a role in the development of tendinopathy, and SS-31, as a mitochondrial protective agent, may be a therapeutic agent in the treatment of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camila B Caballo
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hazel H Szeto
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Xiang-Hua Deng
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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23
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Mitchell W, Tamucci JD, Ng EL, Liu S, Birk AV, Szeto HH, May ER, Alexandrescu AT, Alder NN. Structure-activity relationships of mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide pharmacological compounds. eLife 2022; 11:75531. [PMID: 35913044 PMCID: PMC9342957 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in metabolic homeostasis, and dysfunction of this organelle underpins the etiology of many heritable and aging-related diseases. Tetrapeptides with alternating cationic and aromatic residues such as SS-31 (elamipretide) show promise as therapeutic compounds for mitochondrial disorders. In this study, we conducted a quantitative structure-activity analysis of three alternative tetrapeptide analogs, benchmarked against SS-31, that differ with respect to aromatic side chain composition and sequence register. We present the first structural models for this class of compounds, obtained with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamics approaches, showing that all analogs except for SS-31 form compact reverse turn conformations in the membrane-bound state. All peptide analogs bound cardiolipin-containing membranes, yet they had significant differences in equilibrium binding behavior and membrane interactions. Notably, analogs had markedly different effects on membrane surface charge, supporting a mechanism in which modulation of membrane electrostatics is a key feature of their mechanism of action. The peptides had no strict requirement for side chain composition or sequence register to permeate cells and target mitochondria in mammalian cell culture assays. All four peptides were pharmacologically active in serum withdrawal cell stress models yet showed significant differences in their abilities to restore mitochondrial membrane potential, preserve ATP content, and promote cell survival. Within our peptide set, the analog containing tryptophan side chains, SPN10, had the strongest impact on most membrane properties and showed greatest efficacy in cell culture studies. Taken together, these results show that side chain composition and register influence the activity of these mitochondria-targeted peptides, helping provide a framework for the rational design of next-generation therapeutics with enhanced potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Tamucci
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Emery L Ng
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Shaoyi Liu
- Social Profit Network, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Alexander V Birk
- Department of Biology, York College of CUNY, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hazel H Szeto
- Social Profit Network, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Andrei T Alexandrescu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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24
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Atayik MC, Çakatay U. Mitochondria-targeted senotherapeutic interventions. Biogerontology 2022; 23:401-423. [PMID: 35781579 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Healthy aging is the art of balancing a delicate scale. On one side of the scale, there are the factors that make life difficult with aging, and on the other side are the products of human effort against these factors. The most important factors that make the life difficult with aging are age-related disorders. Developing senotherapeutic strategies may bring effective solutions for the sufferers of age-related disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction comes first in elucidating the pathogenesis of age-related disorders and presenting appropriate treatment options. Although it has been widely accepted that mitochondrial dysfunction is a common characteristic of cellular senescence, it still remains unclear why dysfunctional mitochondria occupy a central position in the development senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) related to age-related disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction and SASP-related disease progression are closely interlinked to weaken immunity which is a common phenomenon in aging. A group of substances known as senotherapeutics targeted to senescent cells can be classified into two main groups: senolytics (kill senescent cells) and senomorphics/senostatics (suppress their SASP secretions) in order to extend health lifespan and potentially lifespan. As mitochondria are also closely related to the survival of senescent cells, using either mitochondria-targeted senolytic or redox modulator senomorphic strategies may help us to solve the complex problems with the detrimental consequences of cellular senescence. Killing of senescent cells and/or ameliorate their SASP-related negative effects are currently considered to be effective mitochondria-directed gerotherapeutic approaches for fighting against age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Can Atayik
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Mohr B, Shmilovich K, Kleinwächter IS, Schneider D, Ferguson AL, Bereau T. Data-driven discovery of cardiolipin-selective small molecules by computational active learning. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4498-4511. [PMID: 35656132 PMCID: PMC9019913 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtle variations in the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes can have a profound impact on mitochondrial function. The inner mitochondrial membrane contains the phospholipid cardiolipin, which has been demonstrated to act as a biomarker for a number of diverse pathologies. Small molecule dyes capable of selectively partitioning into cardiolipin membranes enable visualization and quantification of the cardiolipin content. Here we present a data-driven approach that combines a deep learning-enabled active learning workflow with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and alchemical free energy calculations to discover small organic compounds able to selectively permeate cardiolipin-containing membranes. By employing transferable coarse-grained models we efficiently navigate the all-atom design space corresponding to small organic molecules with molecular weight less than ≈500 Da. After direct simulation of only 0.42% of our coarse-grained search space we identify molecules with considerably increased levels of cardiolipin selectivity compared to a widely used cardiolipin probe 10-N-nonyl acridine orange. Our accumulated simulation data enables us to derive interpretable design rules linking coarse-grained structure to cardiolipin selectivity. The findings are corroborated by fluorescence anisotropy measurements of two compounds conforming to our defined design rules. Our findings highlight the potential of coarse-grained representations and multiscale modelling for materials discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Mohr
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences and Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1098 XH The Netherlands
| | - Kirill Shmilovich
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Isabel S Kleinwächter
- Department of Chemistry - Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Department of Chemistry - Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Tristan Bereau
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences and Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1098 XH The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
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26
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Structural and functional roles of non-bilayer lipid phases of chloroplast thylakoid membranes and mitochondrial inner membranes. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Yeung MHY, Leung KL, Choi LY, Yoo JS, Yung S, So PK, Wong CM. Lipidomic Analysis Reveals the Protection Mechanism of GLP-1 Analogue Dulaglutide on High-Fat Diet-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:777395. [PMID: 35299724 PMCID: PMC8921774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.777395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many clinical studies have suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have renoprotective properties by ameliorating albuminuria and increasing glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) by lowering ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidney. However, the mechanism of GLP-1RAs was hitherto unknown. Here, we conducted an unbiased lipidomic analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to reveal the changes of lipid composition and distribution in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed mice after treatment with a long-acting GLP-1RA dulaglutide for 4 weeks. Treatment of dulaglutide dramatically improved hyperglycemia and albuminuria, but there was no substantial improvement in dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidney as compared with controls. Intriguingly, treatment of dulaglutide increases the level of an essential phospholipid constituent of inner mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin at the cortex region of the kidneys by inducing the expression of key cardiolipin biosynthesis enzymes. Previous studies demonstrated that lowered renal cardiolipin level impairs kidney function via mitochondrial damage. Our untargeted lipidomic analysis presents evidence for a new mechanism of how GLP-1RAs stimulate mitochondrial bioenergetics via increasing cardiolipin level and provides new insights into the therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs in mitochondrial-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ho Yin Yeung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Long Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lai Yuen Choi
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jung Sun Yoo
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- University Research Facility in Life Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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Cerrato CP, Langel Ü. An update on cell-penetrating peptides with intracellular organelle targeting. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:133-146. [PMID: 35086398 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2034784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) technologies represent an important strategy to address drug delivery to specific intracellular compartments by covalent conjugation to targeting sequences, potentially enabling strategies to combat most diseases. AREAS COVERED This updated review article provides an overview of current intracellular organelle targeting by CPP. The targeting strategies of CPP and CPP/cargo complexes to specific cells or intracellular organelles are summarized, and the review provides an update on the current data for their pharmacological and therapeutical applications. EXPERT OPINION Targeted drug delivery is moving from the level of tissue or specific pathogenic cell to the level of specific organelle that is the target of the drug, an important aspect in drug design and development. Organelle-targeted drug delivery results in improved efficacy, ability to control mode of action, reduction of undesired toxicities and side effects, and possibility to overcome drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Liu Y, Cai J, Shen J, Dong W, Xu L, Fang M, Lin Y, Liu J, Ding Y, Qiao T, Li K. SS-31 efficacy in a mouse model of Friedreich ataxia by upregulation of frataxin expression. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:176-188. [PMID: 34387346 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a serious hereditary neurodegenerative disease, mostly accompanied with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, caused by the reduced expression of frataxin (FXN). However, there is still no effective treatment. Our previous studies have shown that SS-31, a mitochondrion-targeted peptide, is capable to upregulate the expression of FXN and improve the mitochondrial function in cells derived from FRDA patients. To further explore the potential of SS-31, we used the GAA expansion-based models, including Y47 and YG8R (Fxn KIKO) mice, primary neurons and macrophages from the mice and cells derived from FRDA patients. After once-daily intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg SS-31 for 1 month, we observed the significant improvement of motor function. The vacuolation in dorsal root ganglia, lesions in dentate nuclei and the lost thickness of myelin sheath of spinal cord were all repaired after SS-31 treatment. In addition, the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and disarrayed abnormal Purkinje cells were dramatically reduced. Interestingly, we found that SS-31 treatment upregulated FXN expression not only at the translational levels as observed in cell culture but also at mRNA levels in vivo. Consequently, mitochondrial morphology and function were greatly improved in all tested tissues. Importantly, our data provided additional evidence that the maintenance of the therapeutic benefits needed continuous drug administration. Taken together, our findings have demonstrated the effectiveness of SS-31 treatment through the upregulation of FXN in vivo and offer guidance of the potential usage in the clinical application for FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weichen Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Maoxin Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yibing Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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30
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The Roles of FGF21 and ALCAT1 in Aerobic Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection of Postmyocardial Infarction Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8996482. [PMID: 34777697 PMCID: PMC8589520 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8996482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise mitigates oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by myocardial infarction (MI) even though the precise mechanisms remain completely elusive. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of aerobic exercise in ameliorating the cardiac function of mice with MI. In vivo, MI was induced by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation in wild-type mice, alcat1 knockout, and fgf21 knockout mice. The mice were exercised under a moderate-intensity protocol for 6 weeks at one week later post-MI. In vitro, H9C2 cells were treated with lentiviral vector carrying alcat1 gene, recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21), PI3K inhibitor, and H2O2 to explore the potential mechanisms. Our results showed that aerobic exercise significantly increased the FGF21 expression and decreased the ALCAT1 expression in the hearts of mice with MI. fgf21 knockout weakened the inhibitory effects of aerobic exercise on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in mice with MI. Both/either alcat1 knockout and/or aerobic exercise improved cardiac function by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis in the MI heart. rhFGF21 inhibited both H2O2 and overexpression of ALCAT1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in H9C2 cells. In conclusion, our results showed that aerobic exercise alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the FGF21/FGFR1/PI3K/AKT pathway or inhibiting the hyperexpression of ALCAT1, which ultimately improved the cardiac function in MI mice.
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31
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Bee Venom Melittin Disintegrates the Respiration of Mitochondria in Healthy Cells and Lymphoblasts, and Induces the Formation of Non-Bilayer Structures in Model Inner Mitochondrial Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011122. [PMID: 34681781 PMCID: PMC8538590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we examined the effects of melittin, a bee venom membrane-active peptide, on mitochondrial respiration and cell viability of healthy human lymphocytes (HHL) and Jurkat cells, as well as on lymphoblasts from acute human T cell leukemia. The viability of melittin-treated cells was related to changes in O2 consumption and in the respiratory control index (RCI) of mitochondria isolated from melittin-pretreated cells as well as of mitochondria first isolated from cells and then directly treated with melittin. It was shown that melittin is three times more cytotoxic to Jurkat cells than to HHL, but O2 consumption and RCI values of mitochondria from both cell types were equally affected by melittin when melittin was directly added to mitochondria. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of melittin’s cytotoxicity to healthy and cancer cells, the effects of melittin on lipid-packing and on the dynamics in model plasma membranes of healthy and cancer cells, as well as of the inner mitochondrial membrane, were studied by EPR spin probes. The affinity of melittin binding to phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid and cardiolipin, and binding sites of phospholipids on the surface of melittin were studied by 31P-NMR, native PAGE and AutoDock modeling. It is suggested that the melittin-induced decline of mitochondrial bioenergetics contributes primarily to cell death; the higher cytotoxicity of melittin to cancer cells is attributed to its increased permeability through the plasma membrane.
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32
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Ayala S, Delco ML, Fortier LA, Cohen I, Bonassar LJ. Cartilage articulation exacerbates chondrocyte damage and death after impact injury. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2130-2140. [PMID: 33274781 PMCID: PMC8175450 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is typically initiated by momentary supraphysiologic shear and compressive forces delivered to articular cartilage during acute joint injury and develops through subsequent degradation of cartilage matrix components and tissue remodeling. PTOA affects 12% of the population who experience osteoarthritis and is attributed to over $3 billion dollars annually in healthcare costs. It is currently unknown whether articulation of the joint post-injury helps tissue healing or exacerbates cellular dysfunction and eventual death. We hypothesize that post-injury cartilage articulation will lead to increased cartilage damage. Our objective was to test this hypothesis by mimicking the mechanical environment of the joint during and post-injury and determining if subsequent joint articulation exacerbates damage produced by initial injury. We use a model of PTOA that combines impact injury and repetitive sliding with confocal microscopy to quantify and track chondrocyte viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization in a depth-dependent manner. Cartilage explants were harvested from neonatal bovine knee joints and subjected to either rapid impact injury (17.34 ± 0.99 MPa, 21.6 ± 2.45 GPa/s), sliding (60 min at 1 mm/s, under 15% axial compression), or rapid impact injury followed by sliding. Explants were then bisected and fluorescently stained for cell viability, caspase activity (apoptosis), and mitochondria polarization. Results show that compared to either impact or sliding alone, explants that were both impacted and slid experienced higher magnitudes of damage spanning greater tissue depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ayala
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Michelle L. Delco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Lisa A. Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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33
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Cardiolipin, Non-Bilayer Structures and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Relevance to Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071721. [PMID: 34359891 PMCID: PMC8304834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review is an attempt to conceptualize a contemporary understanding about the roles that cardiolipin, a mitochondrial specific conical phospholipid, and non-bilayer structures, predominantly found in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), play in mitochondrial bioenergetics. This review outlines the link between changes in mitochondrial cardiolipin concentration and changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, including changes in the IMM curvature and surface area, cristae density and architecture, efficiency of electron transport chain (ETC), interaction of ETC proteins, oligomerization of respiratory complexes, and mitochondrial ATP production. A relationship between cardiolipin decline in IMM and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, is thoroughly presented. Particular attention is paid to the targeting of cardiolipin by Szeto–Schiller tetrapeptides, which leads to rejuvenation of important mitochondrial activities in dysfunctional and aging mitochondria. The role of cardiolipin in triggering non-bilayer structures and the functional roles of non-bilayer structures in energy-converting membranes are reviewed. The latest studies on non-bilayer structures induced by cobra venom peptides are examined in model and mitochondrial membranes, including studies on how non-bilayer structures modulate mitochondrial activities. A mechanism by which non-bilayer compartments are formed in the apex of cristae and by which non-bilayer compartments facilitate ATP synthase dimerization and ATP production is also presented.
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34
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Muench NA, Patel S, Maes ME, Donahue RJ, Ikeda A, Nickells RW. The Influence of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function on Retinal Ganglion Cell Susceptibility in Optic Nerve Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071593. [PMID: 34201955 PMCID: PMC8306483 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The important roles of mitochondrial function and dysfunction in the process of neurodegeneration are widely acknowledged. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) appear to be a highly vulnerable neuronal cell type in the central nervous system with respect to mitochondrial dysfunction but the actual reasons for this are still incompletely understood. These cells have a unique circumstance where unmyelinated axons must bend nearly 90° to exit the eye and then cross a translaminar pressure gradient before becoming myelinated in the optic nerve. This region, the optic nerve head, contains some of the highest density of mitochondria present in these cells. Glaucoma represents a perfect storm of events occurring at this location, with a combination of changes in the translaminar pressure gradient and reassignment of the metabolic support functions of supporting glia, which appears to apply increased metabolic stress to the RGC axons leading to a failure of axonal transport mechanisms. However, RGCs themselves are also extremely sensitive to genetic mutations, particularly in genes affecting mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial clearance. These mutations, which systemically affect the mitochondria in every cell, often lead to an optic neuropathy as the sole pathologic defect in affected patients. This review summarizes knowledge of mitochondrial structure and function, the known energy demands of neurons in general, and places these in the context of normal and pathological characteristics of mitochondria attributed to RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Muench
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (N.A.M.); (S.P.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Sonia Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (N.A.M.); (S.P.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Margaret E. Maes
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
| | - Ryan J. Donahue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (N.A.M.); (S.P.); (R.J.D.)
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Robert W. Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (N.A.M.); (S.P.); (R.J.D.)
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence:
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35
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Grosser JA, Fehrman RL, Keefe D, Redmon M, Nickells RW. The effects of a mitochondrial targeted peptide (elamipretide/SS31) on BAX recruitment and activation during apoptosis. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:198. [PMID: 34022923 PMCID: PMC8141144 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elamipretide (SS31) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that has reported functions of stabilizing mitochondrial cristae structure and improving mitochondrial bioenergetics. Several studies have documented cell protective features of this peptide, including impairment of intrinsic apoptosis by inhibiting the recruitment and activation of the pro-apoptotic BAX protein. We used live-cell imaging of ARPE-19 cells expressing fluorescently labeled BAX, cytochrome c, and a mitochondrial marker to investigate the effect of elamipretide on the kinetics of BAX recruitment, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (as a function of cytochrome c release), and mitochondrial fragmentation, respectively. RESULT In nucleofected and plated ARPE-19 cells, elamipretide accelerated the formation of larger mitochondria. In the presence of the apoptotic stimulator, staurosporine, cells treated with elamipretide exhibited moderately slower rates of BAX recruitment. Peptide treatment, however, did not significantly delay the onset of BAX recruitment or the final total amount of BAX that was recruited. Additionally, elamipretide showed no impairment or delay of cytochrome c release or mitochondrial fragmentation, two events associated with normal BAX activation during cell death. These results indicate that the protective effect of elamipretide is not at the level of BAX activity to induce pro-apoptotic mitochondrial dysfunction after the initiation of staurosporine-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Grosser
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 571A Medical Sciences, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Fehrman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 571A Medical Sciences, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | | | - Robert W Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 571A Medical Sciences, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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36
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Liposomal doxorubicin targeting mitochondria: A novel formulation to enhance anti-tumor effects of Doxil® in vitro and in vivo. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Morris RH, Counsell SJ, McGonnell IM, Thornton C. Early life exposure to air pollution impacts neuronal and glial cell function leading to impaired neurodevelopment. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000288. [PMID: 33751627 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organisation recently listed air pollution as the most significant threat to human health. Air pollution comprises particulate matter (PM), metals, black carbon and gases such as ozone (O3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). In addition to respiratory and cardiovascular disease, PM exposure is linked with increased risk of neurodegeneration as well as neurodevelopmental impairments. Critically, studies suggest that PM crosses the placenta, making direct in utero exposure a reality. Rodent models reveal that neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance and oxidative stress are triggered following gestational/early life exposure to PM, and may be exacerbated by concomitant mitochondrial dysfunction. Gestational PM exposure (potentiated by mitochondrial impairment in the metabolically active neonatal brain) not only impacts neurodevelopment but may sensitise the brain to subsequent cognitive impairment. Having reviewed this field, we conclude that strategies are urgently required to reduce exposure to PM during this sensitive developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Morris
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Imelda M McGonnell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Claire Thornton
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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38
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Zhang X, Wada S, Zhang Y, Chen D, Deng XH, Rodeo SA. Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Supraspinatus Tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:174-183. [PMID: 32941310 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine model of supraspinatus tendinopathy. METHODS Eighty-four mice (168 limbs) were included in the study. Supraspinatus tendinopathy was induced by inserting a microsurgical clip in the subacromial space of 63 mice bilaterally (126 limbs). Forty-two of these limbs were harvested at 4 weeks postoperatively, 42 underwent clip removal at 4 weeks after the initial procedure and were harvested at 2 weeks, and 42 underwent clip removal at 4 weeks and were harvested at 4 weeks. Forty-two limbs in the remaining 21 mice did not undergo surgical intervention and were utilized as the control group. Outcomes included biomechanical, histological, gene expression, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. RESULTS Radiographs confirmed stable clip position in the subacromial space at 4 weeks. Biomechanical testing demonstrated a 60% decrease in failure force of the supraspinatus tendons at 4 weeks compared with the control group. The failure force gradually increased at 2 and 4 weeks after clip removal. Histological analysis demonstrated inflammation surrounding the tendon with higher modified Bonar scores at 4 weeks after clip placement followed by gradual improvement following clip removal. The expression of mitochondrial-related genes was decreased at 4 weeks after clip placement and then significantly increased after clip removal. SOD activity decreased significantly at 4 weeks after clip placement but increased following clip removal. TEM images demonstrated alterations in morphology and the number of mitochondria and cristae at 4 weeks after clip placement with improvement after clip removal. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial dysfunction appears to be associated with the development of tendinopathy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mitochondrial protection may offer a potential strategy for delaying the development of tendinopathy and promoting tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Sports Medicine & Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Susumu Wada
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Ying Zhang
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Daoyun Chen
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Xiang-Hua Deng
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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39
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Rogov AG, Goleva TN, Epremyan KK, Kireev II, Zvyagilskaya RA. Propagation of Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species within the Dipodascus magnusii Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010120. [PMID: 33467672 PMCID: PMC7830518 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered to be the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell. It was shown that in cardiac myocytes exposed to excessive oxidative stress, ROS-induced ROS release is triggered. However, cardiac myocytes have a network of densely packed organelles that do not move, which is not typical for the majority of eukaryotic cells. The purpose of this study was to trace the spatiotemporal development (propagation) of prooxidant-induced oxidative stress and its interplay with mitochondrial dynamics. We used Dipodascus magnusii yeast cells as a model, as they have advantages over other models, including a uniquely large size, mitochondria that are easy to visualize and freely moving, an ability to vigorously grow on well-defined low-cost substrates, and high responsibility. It was shown that prooxidant-induced oxidative stress was initiated in mitochondria, far preceding the appearance of generalized oxidative stress in the whole cell. For yeasts, these findings were obtained for the first time. Preincubation of yeast cells with SkQ1, a mitochondria-addressed antioxidant, substantially diminished production of mitochondrial ROS, while only slightly alleviating the generalized oxidative stress. This was expected, but had not yet been shown. Importantly, mitochondrial fragmentation was found to be primarily induced by mitochondrial ROS preceding the generalized oxidative stress development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Rogov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia; (A.G.R.); (T.N.G.); (K.K.E.)
| | - Tatiana N. Goleva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia; (A.G.R.); (T.N.G.); (K.K.E.)
| | - Khoren K. Epremyan
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia; (A.G.R.); (T.N.G.); (K.K.E.)
| | - Igor I. Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | - Renata A. Zvyagilskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia; (A.G.R.); (T.N.G.); (K.K.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Janovska P, Melenovsky V, Svobodova M, Havlenova T, Kratochvilova H, Haluzik M, Hoskova E, Pelikanova T, Kautzner J, Monzo L, Jurcova I, Adamcova K, Lenkova L, Buresova J, Rossmeisl M, Kuda O, Cajka T, Kopecky J. Dysregulation of epicardial adipose tissue in cachexia due to heart failure: the role of natriuretic peptides and cardiolipin. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1614-1627. [PMID: 33084249 PMCID: PMC7749591 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia worsens long-term prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). Effective treatment of cachexia is missing. We seek to characterize mechanisms of cachexia in adipose tissue, which could serve as novel targets for the treatment. METHODS The study was conducted in advanced HF patients (n = 52; 83% male patients) undergoing heart transplantation. Patients with ≥7.5% non-intentional body weight (BW) loss during the last 6 months were rated cachectic. Clinical characteristics and circulating markers were compared between cachectic (n = 17) and the remaining, BW-stable patients. In epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), expression of selected genes was evaluated, and a combined metabolomic/lipidomic analysis was performed to assess (i) the role of adipose tissue metabolism in the development of cachexia and (ii) potential impact of cachexia-associated changes on EAT-myocardium environment. RESULTS Cachectic vs. BW-stable patients had higher plasma levels of natriuretic peptide B (BNP; 2007 ± 1229 vs. 1411 ± 1272 pg/mL; P = 0.010) and lower EAT thickness (2.1 ± 0.8 vs. 2.9 ± 1.4 mm; P = 0.010), and they were treated with ~2.5-fold lower dose of both β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACE/ARB-inhibitors). The overall pattern of EAT gene expression suggested simultaneous activation of lipolysis and lipogenesis in cachexia. Lower ratio between expression levels of natriuretic peptide receptors C and A was observed in cachectic vs. BW-stable patients (0.47 vs. 1.30), supporting activation of EAT lipolysis by natriuretic peptides. Fundamental differences in metabolome/lipidome between BW-stable and cachectic patients were found. Mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), specifically the least abundant CL 70:6 species (containing C16:1, C18:1, and C18:2 acyls), was the most discriminating analyte (partial least squares discriminant analysis; variable importance in projection score = 4). Its EAT levels were higher in cachectic as compared with BW-stable patients and correlated with the degree of BW loss during the last 6 months (r = -0.94; P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that (i) BNP signalling contributes to changes in EAT metabolism in cardiac cachexia and (ii) maintenance of stable BW and 'healthy' EAT-myocardium microenvironment depends on the ability to tolerate higher doses of both ACE/ARB inhibitors and β-adrenergic blockers. In line with preclinical studies, we show for the first time in humans the association of cachexia with increased adipose tissue levels of CL. Specifically, CL 70:6 could precipitate wasting of adipose tissue, and thus, it could represent a therapeutic target to ameliorate cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Janovska
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Svobodova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Havlenova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kratochvilova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzik
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hoskova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Monzo
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jurcova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lenkova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Buresova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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Cardiolipin in Immune Signaling and Cell Death. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:892-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Thompson J, Maceyka M, Chen Q. Targeting ER stress and calpain activation to reverse age-dependent mitochondrial damage in the heart. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111380. [PMID: 33045249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severity of cardiovascular disease increases markedly in elderly patients. In addition, many therapeutic strategies that decrease cardiac injury in adult patients are invalid in elderly patients. Thus, it is a challenge to protect the aged heart in the context of underlying chronic or acute cardiac diseases including ischemia-reperfusion injury. The cause(s) of this age-related increased damage remain unknown. Aging impairs the function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), leading to decreased energy production and increased oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ROS-induced oxidative stress can increase cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by potentiating mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. Aging leads to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, including reduced function of the ETC. The activation of both cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium-activated proteases termed calpains leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased ETC function. Intriguingly, mitochondrial ROS generation also induces ER stress, highlighting the dynamic interaction between mitochondria and ER. Here, we discuss the role of ER stress in sensitizing and potentiating mitochondrial dysfunction in response to ischemia-reperfusion, and the promising potential therapeutic benefit of inhibition of ER stress and / or calpains to attenuate cardiac injury in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Thompson
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States.
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Anguiano T, Sahu A, Qian B, Tang WY, Ambrosio F, Barchowsky A. Arsenic Directs Stem Cell Fate by Imparting Notch Signaling Into the Extracellular Matrix Niche. Toxicol Sci 2020; 177:494-505. [PMID: 32647881 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromise of skeletal muscle metabolism and composition may underlie the etiology of cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk from environmental arsenic exposures. We reported that arsenic impairs muscle maintenance and regeneration by inducing maladaptive mitochondrial phenotypes in muscle stem cells (MuSC), connective tissue fibroblasts (CTF), and myofibers. We also found that arsenic imparts a dysfunctional memory in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that disrupts the MuSC niche and is sufficient to favor the expansion and differentiation of fibrogenic MuSC subpopulations. To investigate the signaling mechanisms involved in imparting a dysfunctional ECM, we isolated skeletal muscle tissue and CTF from mice exposed to 0 or 100 μg/l arsenic in their drinking water for 5 weeks. ECM elaborated by arsenic-exposed CTF decreased myogenesis and increased fibrogenic/adipogenic MuSC subpopulations and differentiation. However, treating arsenic-exposed mice with SS-31, a mitochondrially targeted peptide that repairs the respiratory chain, reversed the arsenic-promoted CTF phenotype to one that elaborated an ECM supporting normal myogenic differentiation. SS-31 treatment also reversed arsenic-induced Notch1 expression, resulting in an improved muscle regeneration after injury. We found that persistent arsenic-induced CTF Notch1 expression caused the elaboration of dysfunctional ECM with increased expression of the Notch ligand DLL4. This DLL4 in the ECM was responsible for misdirecting MuSC myogenic differentiation. These data indicate that arsenic impairs muscle maintenance and regenerative capacity by targeting CTF mitochondria and mitochondrially directed expression of dysfunctional regulators in the stem cell niche. Therapies that restore muscle cell mitochondria may effectively treat arsenic-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction and compositional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - Baoli Qian
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Bioengineering
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Age-Related Deterioration of Mitochondrial Function in the Intestine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4898217. [PMID: 32922652 PMCID: PMC7453234 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4898217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an important and inevitable biological process in human life, associated with the onset of chronic disease and death. The mechanisms behind aging remain unclear. However, changes in mitochondrial function and structure, including reduced activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increased production of reactive oxygen species—thus oxidative damage—are believed to play a major role. Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation. Accumulation of damaged cellular components reduces a body's capacity to preserve tissue homeostasis and affects biological aging and all age-related chronic conditions. This includes the onset and progression of classic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Clinical manifestations of intestinal disorders, such as mucosal barrier dysfunction, intestinal dysmotility, and chronic obstipation, are highly prevalent in the elderly population and have been shown to be associated with an age-dependent decline of mitochondrial function. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in intestinal aging.
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Cheikhi A, Anguiano T, Lasak J, Qian B, Sahu A, Mimiya H, Cohen CC, Wipf P, Ambrosio F, Barchowsky A. Arsenic Stimulates Myoblast Mitochondrial Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor to Impair Myogenesis. Toxicol Sci 2020; 176:162-174. [PMID: 32159786 PMCID: PMC7357174 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure impairs muscle metabolism, maintenance, progenitor cell differentiation, and regeneration following acute injury. Low to moderate arsenic exposures target muscle fiber and progenitor cell mitochondria to epigenetically decrease muscle quality and regeneration. However, the mechanisms for how low levels of arsenic signal for prolonged mitochondrial dysfunction are not known. In this study, arsenic attenuated murine C2C12 myoblasts differentiation and resulted in abnormal undifferentiated myoblast proliferation. Arsenic prolonged ligand-independent phosphorylation of mitochondrially localized epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a major driver of proliferation. Treating cells with a selective EGFR kinase inhibitor, AG-1478, prevented arsenic inhibition of myoblast differentiation. AG-1478 decreased arsenic-induced colocalization of pY845EGFR with mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit II, as well as arsenic-enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, and cell cycling. All of the arsenic effects on mitochondrial signaling and cell fate were mitigated or reversed by addition of mitochondrially targeted agents that restored mitochondrial integrity and function. Thus, arsenic-driven pathogenesis in skeletal muscle requires sustained mitochondrial EGFR activation that promotes progenitor cell cycling and proliferation at the detriment of proper differentiation. Collectively, these findings suggest that the arsenic-activated mitochondrial EGFR pathway drives pathogenic signaling for impaired myoblast metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Cheikhi
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | | | - Jane Lasak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - Baoli Qian
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | | | | | | | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Department of Bioengineering
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Chavez JD, Tang X, Campbell MD, Reyes G, Kramer PA, Stuppard R, Keller A, Zhang H, Rabinovitch PS, Marcinek DJ, Bruce JE. Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15363-15373. [PMID: 32554501 PMCID: PMC7334473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002250117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the etiology of a broad spectrum of diseases including heart disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and the general aging process. Therapeutics that restore healthy mitochondrial function hold promise for treatment of these conditions. The synthetic tetrapeptide, elamipretide (SS-31), improves mitochondrial function, but mechanistic details of its pharmacological effects are unknown. Reportedly, SS-31 primarily interacts with the phospholipid cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here we utilize chemical cross-linking with mass spectrometry to identify protein interactors of SS-31 in mitochondria. The SS-31-interacting proteins, all known cardiolipin binders, fall into two groups, those involved in ATP production through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and those involved in 2-oxoglutarate metabolic processes. Residues cross-linked with SS-31 reveal binding regions that in many cases, are proximal to cardiolipin-protein interacting regions. These results offer a glimpse of the protein interaction landscape of SS-31 and provide mechanistic insight relevant to SS-31 mitochondrial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Xiaoting Tang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | | | - Gustavo Reyes
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Philip A Kramer
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Rudy Stuppard
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105;
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48
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Targeting mitochondrial fitness as a strategy for healthy vascular aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1491-1519. [PMID: 32584404 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and aging is the primary risk factor for CVD. The development of vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and stiffening of the large elastic arteries (i.e., the aorta and carotid arteries), contribute importantly to the age-related increase in CVD risk. Vascular aging is driven in large part by oxidative stress, which reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide and promotes alterations in the extracellular matrix. A key upstream driver of vascular oxidative stress is age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will focus on vascular mitochondria, mitochondrial dysregulation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and discuss current evidence for prevention and treatment of vascular aging via lifestyle and pharmacological strategies that improve mitochondrial health. We will also identify promising areas and important considerations ('research gaps') for future investigation.
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49
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Ripoll C, Roldan M, Contreras-Montoya R, Diaz-Mochon JJ, Martin M, Ruedas-Rama MJ, Orte A. Mitochondrial pH Nanosensors for Metabolic Profiling of Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3731. [PMID: 32466332 PMCID: PMC7279253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of mitochondria, as pivotal organelles for cellular metabolism, is the production of energy (ATP) through an oxidative phosphorylation system. During this process, the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. One of the main features of tumoral cells is their altered metabolism, providing alternative routes to enhance proliferation and survival. Hence, it is of utmost importance to understand the relationship between mitochondrial pH, tumoral metabolism, and cancer. In this manuscript, we develop a highly specific nanosensor to accurately measure the intramitochondrial pH using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Importantly, we have applied this nanosensor to establish differences that may be hallmarks of different metabolic pathways in breast cancer cell models, leading to the characterization of different metabophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Ripoll
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Mar Roldan
- GENYO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Avda Ilustracion 114, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.); (J.J.D.-M.); (M.M)
| | - Rafael Contreras-Montoya
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Diaz-Mochon
- GENYO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Avda Ilustracion 114, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.); (J.J.D.-M.); (M.M)
- Departamento de Quimica Farmaceutica y Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Martin
- GENYO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Avda Ilustracion 114, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.); (J.J.D.-M.); (M.M)
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Celular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria J. Ruedas-Rama
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Angel Orte
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.J.R.-R.)
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50
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Mitchell W, Ng EA, Tamucci JD, Boyd KJ, Sathappa M, Coscia A, Pan M, Han X, Eddy NA, May ER, Szeto HH, Alder NN. The mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 binds lipid bilayers and modulates surface electrostatics as a key component of its mechanism of action. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7452-7469. [PMID: 32273339 PMCID: PMC7247319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many heritable diseases, acquired pathologies, and aging-related declines in health. Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides comprise a class of amphipathic tetrapeptides that are efficacious toward a wide array of mitochondrial disorders and are believed to target mitochondrial membranes because they are enriched in the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). However, little is known regarding how SS peptides interact with or alter the physical properties of lipid bilayers. In this study, using biophysical and computational approaches, we have analyzed the interactions of the lead compound SS-31 (elamipretide) with model and mitochondrial membranes. Our results show that this polybasic peptide partitions into the membrane interfacial region with an affinity and a lipid binding density that are directly related to surface charge. We found that SS-31 binding does not destabilize lamellar bilayers even at the highest binding concentrations; however, it did cause saturable alterations in lipid packing. Most notably, SS-31 modulated the surface electrostatics of both model and mitochondrial membranes. We propose nonexclusive mechanisms by which the tuning of surface charge could underpin the mitoprotective properties of SS-31, including alteration of the distribution of ions and basic proteins at the interface, and/or modulation of bilayer physical properties. As a proof of concept, we show that SS-31 alters divalent cation (calcium) distribution within the interfacial region and reduces the energetic burden of calcium stress in mitochondria. The mechanistic details of SS-31 revealed in this study will help inform the development of future compound variants with enhanced efficacy and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Emily A Ng
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Jeffrey D Tamucci
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Kevin J Boyd
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Murugappan Sathappa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Adrian Coscia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Nicholas A Eddy
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Hazel H Szeto
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Alexandria LaunchLabs, New York, New York 10016
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269.
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