1
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Lim YJ, Xiu SG, Kuruvilla MS, Winquist E, Welch S, Black M, Faught LN, Lee J, Rieder MJ, Blydt-Hansen TD, Zappitelli M, Urquhart BL. Metabolomic identification of predictive and early biomarkers of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in adult head and neck cancer patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:1790-1803. [PMID: 36657745 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Cisplatin causes acute kidney injury (AKI) in approximately one third of patients. Serum creatinine and urinary output are poor markers of cisplatin-induced AKI. Metabolomics was utilized to identify predictive or early diagnostic biomarkers of cisplatin-induced AKI. METHODS Thirty-one adult head and neck cancer patients receiving cisplatin (dose ≥70 mg/m2) were recruited for metabolomics analysis. Urine and serum samples were collected prior to cisplatin (pre), 24-48 h after cisplatin (24-48 h) and 5-14 days (post) after cisplatin. Based on serum creatinine concentrations measured at the post timepoint, 11/31 patients were classified with clinical AKI. Untargeted metabolomics was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS Metabolic discrimination was observed between "AKI" patients and "no AKI" patients at all timepoints. Urinary glycine, hippuric acid sulfate, 3-hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate were significantly different between AKI patients and no AKI patients prior to cisplatin infusion. Urinary glycine and hippuric acid sulfate were lower (-2.22-fold and -8.85-fold), whereas 3-hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate were higher (3.62-fold and 1.91-fold) in AKI patients relative to no AKI patients. Several urine and serum metabolites were found to be altered 24-48 h following cisplatin infusion, particularly metabolites involved with mitochondrial energetics. CONCLUSIONS We propose glycine, hippuric acid sulfate, 3-hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate as predictive biomarkers of predisposition to cisplatin-induced AKI. Metabolites indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction may serve as early markers of subclinical AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Lim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Steven G Xiu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - M Sara Kuruvilla
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Winquist
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Welch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan Black
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren N Faught
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmine Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Rieder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tom D Blydt-Hansen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Zappitelli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley L Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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2
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Guerra IMS, Ferreira HB, Maurício T, Pinho M, Diogo L, Moreira S, Goracci L, Bonciarelli S, Melo T, Domingues P, Domingues MR, Moreira ASP. Plasma lipidomics analysis reveals altered profile of triglycerides and phospholipids in children with Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:731-745. [PMID: 38356271 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most prevalent mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorder. In this study, we assessed the variability of the lipid profile in MCADD by analysing plasma samples obtained from 25 children with metabolically controlled MCADD (following a normal diet with frequent feeding and under l-carnitine supplementation) and 21 paediatric control subjects (CT). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed for the analysis of esterified fatty acids, while high-resolution C18-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse lipid species. We identified a total of 251 lipid species belonging to 15 distinct lipid classes. Principal component analysis revealed a clear distinction between the MCADD and CT groups. Univariate analysis demonstrated that 126 lipid species exhibited significant differences between the two groups. The lipid species that displayed the most pronounced variations included triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, specifically C14:0 and C16:0, which were found to be more abundant in MCADD. The observed changes in the plasma lipidome of children with non-decompensated MCADD suggest an underlying alteration in lipid metabolism. Therefore, longitudinal monitoring and further in-depth investigations are warranted to better understand whether such alterations are specific to MCADD children and their potential long-term impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M S Guerra
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena B Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Maurício
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marisa Pinho
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Diogo
- Reference Center for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases - MetabERN, Portugal
| | - Sónia Moreira
- Reference Center for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases - MetabERN, Portugal
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonciarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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3
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Deon M, Guerreiro G, Girardi J, Ribas G, Vargas CR. Treatment of maple syrup urine disease: Benefits, risks, and challenges of liver transplantation. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:489-504. [PMID: 37340513 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is caused by a deficiency in the activity of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex, promoting the accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, as well as their respective α-keto acids. MSUD is an autosomal recessive hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by ketoacidosis, ataxia, coma, and mental and psychomotor retardation. The mechanisms involved in the brain damage caused by MSUD are not fully understood. Early diagnosis and treatment, as well as proper control of metabolic decompensation crises, are crucial for patients' survival and for a better prognosis. The recommended treatment consists of a high-calorie diet with restricted protein intake and specific formulas containing essential amino acids, except those accumulated in MSUD. This treatment will be maintained throughout life, being adjusted according to the patients' nutritional needs and BCAA concentration. Because dietary treatment may not be sufficient to prevent neurological damage in MSUD patients, other therapeutic strategies have been studied, including liver transplantation. With transplantation, it is possible to obtain an increase of about 10% of the normal BCKD in the body, an amount sufficient to maintain amino acid homeostasis and reduce metabolic decompensation crises. However, the experience related to this practice is very limited when considering the shortage of liver for transplantation and the risks related to the surgical procedure and immunosuppression. Thus, the purpose of this review is to survey the benefits, risks, and challenges of liver transplantation in the treatment of MSUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Deon
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gilian Guerreiro
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julia Girardi
- Residência em Análises Clínicas do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Graziela Ribas
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Kang W, Choi D, Son B, Park S, Park T. Activation of OR10A3 by Suberic Acid Promotes Collagen Synthesis in UVB-Irradiated Dermal Fibroblasts via the cAMP-Akt Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243961. [PMID: 36552724 PMCID: PMC9776755 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the ectopic roles of olfactory receptors (ORs) throughout the human body. Especially, the ectopic function of OR in the skin is one of the most actively researched areas. Suberic acid, a scent compound, was hypothesized to increase collagen synthesis in the ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (Hs68) through a specific olfactory receptor. Suberic acid ameliorated UVB-induced decreases in collagen production in Hs68 cells. Using in silico docking to predict the binding conformation and affinity of suberic acid to 15 ectopic ORs detectable in Hs68, several ORs were identified as promising candidates. The effect of suberic acid on collagen synthesis in UVB-exposed dermal fibroblasts was nullified only by a reduction in OR10A3 expression via specific siRNA. In addition, using the cells transiently expressing OR10A3, we demonstrated that suberic acid can activate OR10A3 by assessing the downstream effector cAMP response element (CRE) luciferase activity. We examined that the activation of OR10A3 by suberic acid subsequently stimulates collagen synthesis via the downstream cAMP-Akt pathway. The findings support OR10A3 as a promising target for anti-aging treatments of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taesun Park
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-3123; Fax: +82-2-365-3118
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5
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Guerra IMS, Ferreira HB, Melo T, Rocha H, Moreira S, Diogo L, Domingues MR, Moreira ASP. Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Disorders: From Disease to Lipidomic Studies-A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213933. [PMID: 36430419 PMCID: PMC9696092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) are inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) caused by defects in the fatty acid (FA) mitochondrial β-oxidation. The most common FAODs are characterized by the accumulation of medium-chain FAs and long-chain (3-hydroxy) FAs (and their carnitine derivatives), respectively. These deregulations are associated with lipotoxicity which affects several organs and potentially leads to life-threatening complications and comorbidities. Changes in the lipidome have been associated with several diseases, including some IEMs. In FAODs, the alteration of acylcarnitines (CARs) and FA profiles have been reported in patients and animal models, but changes in polar and neutral lipid profile are still scarcely studied. In this review, we present the main findings on FA and CAR profile changes associated with FAOD pathogenesis, their correlation with oxidative damage, and the consequent disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in polar and neutral lipid classes and lipid species identified so far and their possible role in FAODs are discussed. We highlight the need of mass-spectrometry-based lipidomic studies to understand (epi)lipidome remodelling in FAODs, thus allowing to elucidate the pathophysiology and the identification of possible biomarkers for disease prognosis and an evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. S. Guerra
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena B. Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Moreira
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Diogo
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana S. P. Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhu Q, Qin M, Wang Z, Wu Y, Chen X, Liu C, Ma Q, Liu Y, Lai W, Chen H, Cai J, Liu Y, Lei F, Zhang B, Zhang S, He G, Li H, Zhang M, Zheng H, Chen J, Huang M, Zhong S. Plasma metabolomics provides new insights into the relationship between metabolites and outcomes and left ventricular remodeling of coronary artery disease. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:173. [PMID: 36242008 PMCID: PMC9569076 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a metabolically perturbed pathological condition. However, the knowledge of metabolic signatures on outcomes of CAD and their potential causal effects and impacts on left ventricular remodeling remains limited. We aim to assess the contribution of plasma metabolites to the risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as well as left ventricular remodeling. RESULTS In a prospective study with 1606 Chinese patients with CAD, we have identified and validated several independent metabolic signatures through widely-targeted metabolomics. The predictive model respectively integrating four metabolic signatures (dulcitol, β-pseudouridine, 3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine, and kynurenine) for death (AUC of 83.7% vs. 76.6%, positive IDI of 0.096) and metabolic signatures (kynurenine, lysoPC 20:2, 5-methyluridine, and L-tryptophan) for MACE (AUC of 67.4% vs. 59.8%, IDI of 0.068) yielded better predictive value than trimethylamine N-oxide plus clinical model, which were successfully applied to predict patients with high risks of death (P = 0.0014) and MACE (P = 0.0008) in the multicenter validation cohort. Mendelian randomisation analysis showed that 11 genetically inferred metabolic signatures were significantly associated with risks of death or MACE, such as 4-acetamidobutyric acid, phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, tryptophan metabolites (kynurenine, kynurenic acid), and modified nucleosides (β-pseudouridine, 2-(dimethylamino) guanosine). Mediation analyses show that the association of these metabolites with the outcomes could be partly explained by their roles in promoting left ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study provided new insights into the relationship between plasma metabolites and clinical outcomes and its intermediate pathological process left ventricular dysfunction in CAD. The predictive model integrating metabolites can help to improve the risk stratification for death and MACE in CAD. The metabolic signatures appear to increase death or MACE risks partly by promoting adverse left ventricular dysfunction, supporting potential therapeutic targets of CAD for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Min Qin
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zixian Wang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Chen Liu
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Qilin Ma
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yibin Liu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Weihua Lai
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Hui Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Yemao Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Fang Lei
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Bin Zhang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220 Guangdong China
| | - Guodong He
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Hanping Li
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430000 Hubei China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430000 Hubei China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Min Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
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7
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L-carnitine Attenuates DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Animals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high plasma glucose levels. In this disease, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in DNA damage and multiple complications. L-carnitine (LC) has shown a potent antioxidant activity that may reduce oxidative stress. Objectives: This study aims at assaying the effect of LC on DNA damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and evaluating the changes in antioxidant markers and liver function enzymes after the administration of LC . Methods: In the present study, for induction of diabetes, we injected a single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) by the intraperitoneal route, and diabetic rats were treated with LC 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks. We detected the DNA damage at 7, 14, and 21 days after induction diabetes by the comet assay method. The blood glucose level, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were tested. Also, we measured the activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and intracellular glutathione (GSH). Results: The results of this study demonstrated the increasing amount of DNA damage with the amount and duration of hyperglycemia. L-carnitine treatment significantly decreased the parameters of genotoxicity such as % DNA in the tail, tail length, and tail moment over time. Moreover, the treatment of diabetic rats with LC 300 and 400 mg/kg/day after 21 days led to a remarkable decrease in blood glucose than diabetic rats. Also, we observed that LC can ameliorate enzyme liver function and reduce oxidative stress via enhancement of GSH and SOD levels. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated the protective effect of LC against DNA damage and oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
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Stenlid R, Olsson D, Cen J, Manell H, Haglind C, Chowdhury AI, Bergsten P, Nordenström A, Halldin M. Altered mitochondrial metabolism in peripheral blood cells from patients with inborn errors of β-oxidation. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 15:182-194. [PMID: 34437764 PMCID: PMC8742636 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO), such as medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD) affects cellular function and whole-body metabolism. Carnitine uptake deficiency (CUD) disturbs the transportation of fatty acids into the mitochondria, but when treated is a mild disease without significant effects on FAO. For improved clinical care of VLCAD in particular, estimation of FAO severity could be important. We have investigated whether the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with MCAD, VLCAD, and CUD can be used to study cellular metabolism in patients with FAO defects and to determine the severity of FAO impairment. PBMCs were isolated from patients with VLCAD (n = 9), MCAD (n = 5-7), and CUD (n = 5). OCR was measured within 6-hours of venous puncture using the Seahorse XFe96. The PBMCs were exposed to glucose alone or with caprylic acid (C8:0) or palmitic acid (C16:0). OCR was significantly lower in cells from patients with β-oxidation deficiencies (MCAD and VLCAD) compared to CUD at basal conditions. When exposed to C16:0, OCR in VLCAD cells was unchanged, whereas OCR in MCAD cells increased but not to the levels observed in CUD. However, C8:0 did not increase OCR, as would be expected, in VLCAD cells. There was no clear relationship between clinical severity level and OCR. In patients with β-oxidation deficiencies, changes of mitochondrial respiration in PBMCs are detectable, which indicate that PBMCs have translational potential for studies of β-oxidation defects. However, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jing Cen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Haglind
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordenström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Halldin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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9
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Grünert SC, Eckenweiler M, Haas D, Lindner M, Tsiakas K, Santer R, Tucci S, Spiekerkoetter U. The spectrum of peripheral neuropathy in disorders of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:893-902. [PMID: 33638202 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a known irreversible long-term complication of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTPD), two inherited disorders of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. The underlying pathophysiology of neuropathy is still not fully understood. We report electrophysiological studies and neurological findings in a series of 8 LCHAD-deficient and 11 MTP-deficient patients. The median age at time of the study was 8.0 years (0.5-25 years). The overall prevalence of neuropathy was 58% with neuropathic symptoms being slightly more common in MTPD compared to LCHADD (70% vs 50%, respectively). Onset of neuropathy was significantly earlier in MTPD patients compared to LCHADD patients (median age at onset 4.7 vs 15.3 years, respectively, P = .047). In four patients, isolated peripheral neuropathy was the first and only presenting symptom, and in all four the diagnosis was missed by newborn screening. About half of the patients (45.5%) had a sensorimotor neuropathy, while 27.3% showed a pure motor form and another 27.3% an isolated sensory form. Despite early diagnosis by newborn screening and early initiation of therapy, peripheral neuropathy cannot be prevented in all patients with LCHADD/MTPD and has severe impact on the life of affected patients. Electrophysiology classifies LCHADD/MTPD neuropathy as axonal with secondary demyelination. A novel observation is that in patients with acute, fulminant onset of neuropathy, symptoms can be partly reversible. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of axonal damage and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckenweiler
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Haas
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Pediatric Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Tucci
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Rostoka E, Salna I, Dekante A, Pahirko L, Borisovs V, Celma L, Valeinis J, Sjakste N, Sokolovska J. DNA damage in leukocytes and serum nitrite concentration are negatively associated in type 1 diabetes. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:213-222. [PMID: 34008029 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to DNA damage in diabetes and might be associated with nitrosative stress. In this study, we aimed at assessing the level of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes, serum nitrite and nitrate in patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls and associations of these parameters with diabetes-related outcomes in a prospective study. The level of DNA damage was determined in 71 patients with type 1 diabetes and 57 healthy controls by comet assay and scored with arbitrary units (AU). The chemiluminescence method was used to measure nitrite and nitrate. Clinical information and data on consumption of alcohol, physical activity and smoking were collected. Progression of complications in patients with diabetes was assessed after a follow-up time of 4-5 years. We observed a higher level of DNA damage in leukocytes of patients with type 1 diabetes compared with healthy subjects [type 1 diabetes AU 50 (36-74.5); control AU 30 (24.1-43), P < 0.001]. According to regression, type 1 diabetes leads to a 2-fold increase in DNA damage. In the group of type 1 diabetes, DNA damage correlated positively with total cholesterol (R = 0.262, P = 0.028) and negatively with serum glucose level (R = -0.284; P = 0.018) and serum nitrite (R = -0.335; P = 0.008). DNA damage was not significantly associated with HbA1c, diabetes duration, complications and lifestyle factors. However, DNA damage > 57 AU was associated with statistically significantly lower serum nitrite and 1.52 higher risk of progression of complications of diabetes over the follow-up period. The latter result was not statistically significant due to insufficient study power [relative risk 1.52 (95% confidence interval = 0.68, 3.42, P = 0.31)]. Our results confirm that type 1 diabetes is associated with a higher level of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes when compared with the reference group and demonstrate the negative association between DNA damage and serum nitrite concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evita Rostoka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Salna
- Residency Development Program, University of Latvia, Aspazijas Bvd. 5, LV1050 Riga, Latvia
| | - Alise Dekante
- Residency Development Program, University of Latvia, Aspazijas Bvd. 5, LV1050 Riga, Latvia
| | - Leonora Pahirko
- Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Vitalijs Borisovs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Celma
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jānis Valeinis
- Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV1004 Riga, Latvia
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11
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Bellamine A, Pham TNQ, Jain J, Wilson J, Sahin K, Dallaire F, Seidah NG, Durkee S, Radošević K, Cohen ÉA. L-Carnitine Tartrate Downregulates the ACE2 Receptor and Limits SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041297. [PMID: 33919991 PMCID: PMC8071056 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for one of the worst pandemics in modern history. Several prevention and treatment strategies have been designed and evaluated in recent months either through the repurposing of existing treatments or the development of new drugs and vaccines. In this study, we show that L-carnitine tartrate supplementation in humans and rodents led to significant decreases of key host dependency factors, notably angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and Furin, which are responsible for viral attachment, viral spike S-protein cleavage, and priming for viral fusion and entry. Interestingly, pre-treatment of Calu-3, human lung epithelial cells, with L-carnitine tartrate led to a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of the infection by SARS-CoV-2. Infection inhibition coincided with a significant decrease in ACE2 mRNA expression levels. These data suggest that L-carnitine tartrate should be tested with appropriate trials in humans for the possibility to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aouatef Bellamine
- Lonza Consumer Health, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (É.A.C.)
| | - Tram N. Q. Pham
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Jaspreet Jain
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Jacob Wilson
- Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, FL 33607, USA;
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Frederic Dallaire
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Shane Durkee
- Lonza Consumer Health, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA;
| | | | - Éric A. Cohen
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada; (T.N.Q.P.); (J.J.); (F.D.); (N.G.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (É.A.C.)
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12
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Williamson J, Davison G. Targeted Antioxidants in Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Emphasis on DNA Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1142. [PMID: 33213007 PMCID: PMC7698504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise simultaneously incites beneficial (e.g., signal) and harming (e.g., damage to macromolecules) effects, likely through the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and downstream changes to redox homeostasis. Given the link between nuclear DNA damage and human longevity/pathology, research attempting to modulate DNA damage and restore redox homeostasis through non-selective pleiotropic antioxidants has yielded mixed results. Furthermore, until recently the role of oxidative modifications to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the context of exercising humans has largely been ignored. The development of antioxidant compounds which specifically target the mitochondria has unveiled a number of exciting avenues of exploration which allow for more precise discernment of the pathways involved with the generation of RONS and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Thus, the primary function of this review, and indeed its novel feature, is to highlight the potential roles of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants on perturbations to mitochondrial oxidative stress and the implications for exercise, with special focus on mtDNA damage. A brief synopsis of the current literature addressing the sources of mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and available mitochondria-targeted antioxidants is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Williamson
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK;
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13
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Ezati D, Vardiyan R, Talebi AR, Anvari M, Pourentezari M. L-Carnitine reduces the negative effects of formalin on sperm parameters, chromatin condensation and apoptosis in mice: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:837-846. [PMID: 33134796 PMCID: PMC7569719 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i10.7768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formalin is commonly applied as an antiseptic and tissue fixative. It has reactive molecules that lead to its cytotoxic effects. According to recent studies, formalin causes a change in the testicular and sperm structure and L-carnitine (LC) acts as an antioxidant to counteract its effects. Objective This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of LC on the parameters, chromatin condensation and apoptosis of mice sperm exposed to formalin. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 24 balb/c mice (25-40 gr,10-12 wk) were divided into three groups (n = 8/each): group I without any injections or gavage; group II, received 10 mg/ kg formalin intraperitoneally (I.P); and group III was exposed to formalin and LC, where a dose of 10 mg/kg formalin was injected I.P daily and LC the dose of 100 mg/kg was kept in a solvent solution. After 31 days, the sperm examination was performed as follows: to evaluate chromatin and DNA quality of the sperm, we applied aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB), chromomycin A3 (CMA3), and terminal transferase-mediated deoxy uridine triphosphate biotin end labeling (TUNEL) tests. Results Sperm parameters such as count, motility, morphology, and viability displayed a significant decrease in the formalin group. While the data exhibited a considerable augment in sperm parameters in the formalin + LC than the formalin and control groups (p < 0.001), significant differences were detected between groups with respect to TB staining, TUNEL test, CMA3 test and AB staining in the formalin and formalin + LC groups. Conclusion LC can reduce the negative effects of formalin on sperm parameters, chromatin stability, and percentage of apoptosis in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Ezati
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reyhane Vardiyan
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Talebi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Morteza Anvari
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Pourentezari
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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14
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Proteomic and metabolic characterization of membrane vesicles derived from Streptococcus mutans at different pH values. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9733-9748. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Ribas GS, Vargas CR. Evidence that Oxidative Disbalance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction are Involved in the Pathophysiology of Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:521-532. [PMID: 32876899 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorders (FAODs) are a group of about 20 diseases which are caused by specific mutations in genes that codify proteins or enzymes involved in the fatty acid transport and mitochondrial β-oxidation. As a consequence of these inherited metabolic defects, fatty acids can not be used as an appropriate energetic source during special conditions, such as prolonged fasting, exercise or other catabolic states. Therefore, patients usually present hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, severe skeletal myopathy and neuropathy, besides biochemical features like hypoketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, hypotony and hyperammonemia. This set of symptoms seems to be related not only with the energy deficiency, but also with toxic effects provoked by fatty acids and carnitine derivatives accumulated in the tissues of the patients. The understanding of the mechanisms by which these metabolites provoke tissue injury in FAODs is crucial for the developmental of novel therapeutic strategies that promote increased life expectancy, as well as improved life quality for patients. In this sense, the objective of this review is to present evidence from the scientific literature on the role of oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the most prevalent FAODs: medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiencies. It is expected that the findings presented in this review, obtained from both animal model and patients studies, may contribute to a better comprehension of the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Schmitt Ribas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clíınicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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16
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Bicego R, Francisco A, Ruas JS, Siqueira-Santos ES, Castilho RF. Undesirable effects of chemical inhibitors of NAD(P) + transhydrogenase on mitochondrial respiratory function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 692:108535. [PMID: 32781052 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (NNT) is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes a reversible hydride transfer between NAD(H) and NADP(H) that is coupled to proton translocation between the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix. NNT activity has an essential role in maintaining the NADPH supply for antioxidant defense and biosynthetic pathways. In the present report, we evaluated the effects of chemical compounds used as inhibitors of NNT over the last five decades, namely, 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl), N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), palmitoyl-CoA, palmitoyl-l-carnitine, and rhein, on NNT activity and mitochondrial respiratory function. Concentrations of these compounds that partially inhibited the forward and reverse NNT reactions in detergent-solubilized mouse liver mitochondria significantly impaired mitochondrial respiratory function, as estimated by ADP-stimulated and nonphosphorylating respiration. Among the tested compounds, NBD-Cl showed the best relationship between NNT inhibition and low impact on respiratory function. Despite this, NBD-Cl concentrations that partially inhibited NNT activity impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and significantly decreased the viability of cultured Nnt-/- mouse astrocytes. We conclude that even though the tested compounds indeed presented inhibitory effects on NNT activity, at effective concentrations, they cause important undesirable effects on mitochondrial respiratory function and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Bicego
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Francisco
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana S Ruas
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilene S Siqueira-Santos
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger F Castilho
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Williamson J, Hughes CM, Cobley JN, Davison GW. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ, attenuates exercise-induced mitochondrial DNA damage. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101673. [PMID: 32810739 PMCID: PMC7452004 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity exercise damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in skeletal muscle. Whether MitoQ - a redox active mitochondrial targeted quinone - can reduce exercise-induced mtDNA damage is unknown. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, twenty-four healthy male participants consisting of two groups (placebo; n = 12, MitoQ; n = 12) performed an exercise trial of 4 x 4-min bouts at 90–95% of heart rate max. Participants completed an acute (20 mg MitoQ or placebo 1-h pre-exercise) and chronic (21 days of supplementation) phase. Blood and skeletal muscle were sampled immediately pre- and post-exercise and analysed for nuclear and mtDNA damage, lipid hydroperoxides, lipid soluble antioxidants, and the ascorbyl free radical. Exercise significantly increased nuclear and mtDNA damage across lymphocytes and muscle (P < 0.05), which was accompanied with changes in lipid hydroperoxides, ascorbyl free radical, and α-tocopherol (P < 0.05). Acute MitoQ treatment failed to impact any biomarker likely due to insufficient initial bioavailability. However, chronic MitoQ treatment attenuated nuclear (P < 0.05) and mtDNA damage in lymphocytes and muscle tissue (P < 0.05). Our work is the first to show a protective effect of chronic MitoQ supplementation on the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in lymphocytes and human muscle tissue following exercise, which is important for genome stability. Exercise damages mitochondrial DNA in lymphocytes and muscle tissue. Acute MitoQ ingestion has no impact on biomarkers of oxidative stress. Chronic MitoQ supplementation protects mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Williamson
- Ulster University, Sport and Exercise Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ciara M Hughes
- Ulster University, Nursing and Health Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - James N Cobley
- Free Radical Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Ulster University, Sport and Exercise Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK.
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18
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Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Nazhand A, Souto SB, Silva AM, Severino P, Souto EB, Santini A. The Nutraceutical Value of Carnitine and Its Use in Dietary Supplements. Molecules 2020; 25:E2127. [PMID: 32370025 PMCID: PMC7249051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine can be considered a conditionally essential nutrient for its importance in human physiology. This paper provides an updated picture of the main features of carnitine outlining its interest and possible use. Particular attention has been addressed to its beneficial properties, exploiting carnitine's properties and possible use by considering the main in vitro, in animal, and human studies. Moreover, the main aspects of carnitine-based dietary supplements have been indicated and defined with reference to their possible beneficial health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amirhossein Nazhand
- Department of Biotechnology, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resource University, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Sari 48181 68984, Mazandaran, Iran;
| | - Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology of Hospital São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil;
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via. D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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A case report of a mild form of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency due to compound heterozygous mutations in the ETFA gene. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:12. [PMID: 31996215 PMCID: PMC6990490 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), previously called glutaric aciduria type II, is a rare congenital metabolic disorder of fatty acids and amino acids oxidation, with recessive autosomal transmission. The prevalence in the general population is estimated to be 9/1,000,000 and the prevalence at birth approximately 1/200,000. The clinical features of this disease are divided into three groups of symptoms linked to a defect in electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) metabolism. In this case report, we present new pathogenic variations in one of the two ETF protein subunits, called electron transfer flavoprotein alpha (ETFA), in a childhood-stage patient with no antecedent. Case presentation A five-year-old child was admitted to the paediatric emergency unit for seizures without fever. He was unconscious due to hypoglycaemia confirmed by laboratory analyses. At birth, he was a eutrophic full-term new-born with a normal APGAR index (score for appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration). He had one older brother and no parental consanguinity was reported. A slight speech acquisition delay was observed a few months before his admission, but he had no schooling problems. MADD was suspected based on urinary organic acids and plasma acylcarnitine analyses and later confirmed by genetic analysis, which showed previously unreported ETFA gene variations, both heterozygous (c.354C > A (p.Asn118Lys) and c.652G > A (p.Val218Met) variations). Treatment was based on avoiding fasting and a slow carbohydrate-rich evening meal associated with L-carnitine supplementation (approximately 100 mg/kg/day) for several weeks. This treatment was maintained and associated with riboflavin supplementation (approximately 150 mg/day). During follow up, the patient exhibited normal development and normal scholastic performance, with no decompensation. Conclusion This case report describes new pathogenic variations of the ETFA gene. These compound heterozygous mutations induce the production of altered proteins, leading to a mild form of MADD.
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