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Bajagain R, Noh S, Kim YH, Kim H, Seok KS, Bailon MX, Hong Y. Application of diffusive gradient in thin films probes to monitor trace levels of labile methylmercury in freshwaters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:404. [PMID: 38557915 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize the methods for sampling and analyzing methylmercury (MeHg) concentrated within diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and its application to different water bodies. We explored the elution solution for MeHg, comprised of 1.13 mM thiourea and 0.1M HCl, optimizing its volume to 50 mL. In addition, we found that it is necessary to analyze the entire extraction solution after adjusting its pH, to ensure completion of the ethylation reaction. The DGT samplers were deployed in two distinct aquatic environments (i.e., Okjeong Lake and Nakdong River) for up to 6 weeks, and this study demonstrated to predict the time-weighted average concentration with a diffusion coefficient of 7.65 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 for MeHg in the diffusive gel. To assess the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) effects, the DGT samplers with different agarose diffusive gel thickness were deployed. The mass of MeHg accumulated in the DGT resin at a given time decreased with increasing diffusive gel thickness, because of creating longer diffusion pathways within thicker gels. The labile MeHg concentration estimated by the DGT in Okjeong Lake and Nakdong River are found in the range of 61-111 and 55-105 pg L-1, respectively, which were found to be similar to the grab sampling data. Additionally, this study evaluated depth-dependent MeHg in Okjeong Lake. The vertical profile results showed that the concentration of MeHg at the depth of 2.3 and 15.7 m are about 1.5 and 4.6 times of the DGT installed at 0.3 m of the surface layer, respectively, suggesting potential mercury methylation in deep waters. These findings have practical implications for predicting bioavailability, assessing risks, and formulating strategies for water body management and contamination remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Bajagain
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, 30019, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Seam Noh
- Chemicals Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kim
- Chemicals Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Kim
- Chemicals Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seol Seok
- Chemicals Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Xavier Bailon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, 30019, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- Department of Science and Technology - Philippines, Philippine Science High School - Central Luzon Campus, Lily Hill, Clark Freeport Zone, Mabalacat City, Pampanga, 2010, Philippines
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, 30019, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
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Liu H, Chi L, Shen J, Arandiyan H, Wang Y, Wang X. Principles, applications, and limitations of diffusive gradients in thin films induced fluxed in soils and sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141061. [PMID: 38159729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique serves as a passive sampling method, inducing analyte transport and concentration. Its application is widespread in assessing labile components of metals, organic matter, and nutrients across various environmental media such as water, sediments, and saturated soils. The DGT devices effectively reduce the porewater concentration through irreversible binding of solutes, consequently promoting the release of labile species from the soil/sediment solid phase. However, the precise quantification of simultaneous adsorption and desorption of labile species using DGT devices alone remains a challenge. To address this challenge, the DGT-Induced Fluxes in Soils and Sediments (DIFS) model was developed. This model simulates analyte kinetics in solid phases, solutions, and binding resins by incorporating factors such as soil properties, resupply parameters, and kinetic principles. While the DIFS model has been iteratively improved to increase its accuracy in portraying kinetic behavior in soil/sediment, researchers' incomplete comprehension of it still results in unrealistic fitting outcomes and an oversight of the profound implications posed by kinetic parameters during implementation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the optimization and utilization of DIFS models, encompassing fundamental concepts behind DGT devices and DIFS models, the kinetic interpretation of DIFS parameters, and instances where the model has been applied to study soils and sediments. It also highlights preexisting limitations of the DIFS model and offers suggestions for more precise modeling in real-world environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaji Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Lina Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Hamidreza Arandiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Xinze Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China; Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 67100, China.
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Zhou C, Gao Y, Zhang H, Luo M, Ma T, Li G, Vandeputte D, Leermakers M, Baeyens W. Phosphorus mobilization in sulfidic sediments in the Baltic Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168000. [PMID: 37871813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the geochemical behavior of phosphorus (P) in sediments is closely related to that of Fe and Mn, but their relations remain unclear in long-term sulfidic sediments such as those of the Gotland Basin in the Baltic Sea. Therefore, P mobilization in these sediments at both shallow and deep sites was investigated in relation to that of Fe, Mn, and S. To achieve that aim, classic sediment slicing and subsequent solid phase sequential extraction were combined with in situ DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films) sampling, DIFS (DGT induced flux in sediments) modelling, and Visual MINTEQ calculations. Correlations between total dissolved and labile dissolved concentrations of P, Mn, and Fe in porewater, and the associations between labile fractions of these elements in the solid phase suggested two kinds of sources for P: The dissolution of P-bearing Fe oxides and/or Mn carbonates was observed in the shallower sites, while P and Mn release from different solid sources was observed in the deepest sites. Although the formation of Fe sulfides leads to extremely low dissolved Fe level in porewater, the simultaneous release of P with Mn/Fe was confirmed by theoretical calculations with Visual MINTEQ. The DIFS model showed that the resupply ability of P from sediment solids is determined by labile pool size. The application of experimental and theoretical methods made it possible to clarify the relationships between P, Fe, Mn and S in sulfidic sediments which may contribute to a better understanding of the P cycle in other sulfidic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Zhou
- Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mingyue Luo
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tianhui Ma
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guanlei Li
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Vandeputte
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Leermakers
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Aversa R, Perrotta V, Wang C, Apicella A. Bio-Resorption Control of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Coated with High and Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 9:779. [PMID: 37888352 PMCID: PMC10606464 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium AZ31 alloy has been chosen as bio-resorbable temporary prosthetic implants to investigate the degradation processes in a simulating body fluid (SBF) of the bare metal and the ones coated with low and high-molecular-weight PEO hydrogels. Hydrogel coatings are proposed to control the bioresorption rate of AZ31 alloy. The alloy was preliminary hydrothermally treated to form a magnesium hydroxide layer. 2 mm discs were used in bioresorption tests. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphology of the hydrothermally treated and PEO-coated magnesium alloy surfaces. The variation of pH and the mass of Mg2+ ions present in the SBF corroding medium have been monitored for 15 days. Corrosion current densities (Icorr) and corrosion potentials (Ecorr) were evaluated from potentiodynamic polarisation tests on the samples exposed to the SBF solution. Kinetics of cumulative Mg ions mass released in the corroding solution have been evaluated regarding cations diffusion and mass transport parameters. The initial corrosion rates for the H- and L-Mw PEO-coated specimens were similar (0.95 ± 0.12 and 1.82 ± 0.52 mg/cm2day, respectively) and almost 4 to 5 times slower than that of the uncoated system (6.08 mg/cm2day). Results showed that the highly swollen PEO hydrogel coatings may extend into the bulk solution, protecting the coated metal and efficiently controlling the degradation rate of magnesium alloys. These findings focus more research effort on investigating such systems as tunable bioresorbable prosthetic materials providing idoneous environments to support cells and bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Aversa
- Advanced Materials Lab, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Via San Lorenzo, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (R.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Valeria Perrotta
- Advanced Materials Lab, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Via San Lorenzo, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (R.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Antonio Apicella
- Advanced Materials Lab, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Via San Lorenzo, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (R.A.); (V.P.)
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Hodges S, Wahman DG, Haupert LM, Pham HT, Bozarth MK, Howland MB, Fairey JL. Non-Steady-State Fickian Diffusion Models Decrease the Estimated Gel Layer Diffusion Coefficient Uncertainty for Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films Passive Samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:9793-9801. [PMID: 37342010 PMCID: PMC10324599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Mass transport in diffusive gradients in thin-film passive samplers is restricted to diffusion through a gel layer of agarose or agarose cross-linked polyacrylamide (APA). The gel layer diffusion coefficient, DGel, is typically determined using a standard analysis (SA) based on Fick's first law from two-compartment diffusion cell (D-Cell) tests. The SA assumes pseudo-steady-state flux, characterized by linear sink mass accumulation-time profiles with a typical threshold R2 ≥ 0.97. In 72 D-Cell tests with nitrate, 63 met this threshold, but the SA-determined DGel ranged from 10.1 to 15.8 × 10-6 cm2·s-1 (agarose) and 9.5 to 14.7 × 10-6 cm2·s-1 (APA). A regression model developed with the SA to account for the diffusive boundary layer had 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on DGel of 13 to 18 × 10-6 cm2·s-1 (agarose) and 12 to 19 × 10-6 cm2·s-1 (APA) at 500 rpm. A finite difference model (FDM) developed based on Fick's second law with non-steady-state (N-SS) flux decreased uncertainty in DGel tenfold. The FDM-captured decreasing source compartment concentrations and N-SS flux in the D-Cell tests and, at 500 rpm, the FDM-determined DGel ± 95% CIs were 14.5 ± 0.2 × 10-6 cm2·s-1 (agarose) and 14.0 ± 0.3 × 10-6 cm2·s-1 (APA), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
D. Hodges
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - David G. Wahman
- U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Levi M. Haupert
- U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Huong T. Pham
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Margaret K. Bozarth
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Michael B. Howland
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Julian L. Fairey
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Zheng Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Han C, Wang Z, Liu C, Ke F, Zhang L, Shen Q. Evaluation of the distribution and mobility of labile phosphorus in sediment profiles of Lake Nansi, the largest eutrophic freshwater lake in northern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137756. [PMID: 36610514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding various biogeochemical processes, especially in eutrophic sediments, necessitates fine-scale phosphorus (P) measurements in pore waters. To the best of our knowledge, the fine-scale distributions of P across the sediment profiles of Lake Nansi have rarely been investigated. Herein we evaluated the dynamic distributions of labile P and Fe across the sediment-water interface (SWI) of Lake Nansi at two-dimensional (2D) and sub-millimeter resolution, using well-established colorimetric diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) methodology. The concentrations of labile P in all investigated sediment profiles exhibited strong spatial variations, ranging from 0 to 1.50 mg/L with a considerable number of hotspots. Lake Nanyang (0.55 ± 0.21 mg/L) had the highest mean concentration of labile P, followed by Lake Dushan (0.38 ± 0.19 mg/L), Lake Weishan (0.28 ± 0.21 mg/L), and Lake Zhaoyang (0.18 ± 0.09 mg/L). The highest concentrations of labile P were always detected in Lake Dushan, which had been subjected to excessive exogenous P pollution. The co-distributions of labile P and Fe in the majority of the sediment of Lake Nansi confirmed highly positive correlations (P < 0.01), suggesting that the mobility of labile P throughout the SWI was likely governed by iron redox processes. The apparent diffusion fluxes of P across the SWI ranged from -7.7 to 33.6 μg/m2·d, with a mean value of 5.26 ± 7.80 μg/m2·d. Positive apparent fluxes for labile P were recorded in most sediment cores, demonstrating the strong upward mobility of P from the sediment to the overlying water. Our results provided accurate and extensive information regarding the micro-distribution and dynamic exchange of labile P across the SWI. This allows for a better understanding of eutrophication processes and the implementation of P management strategies in Lake Nansi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; School of Civil & Architecture Engineering, Xi' an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- School of Civil & Architecture Engineering, Xi' an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhaode Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiushi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
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7
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Baimenov A, Montagnaro F, Inglezakis VJ, Balsamo M. Experimental and Modeling Studies of Sr 2+ and Cs + Sorption on Cryogels and Comparison to Commercial Adsorbents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alzhan Baimenov
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Fabio Montagnaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vassilis J. Inglezakis
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Balsamo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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8
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Assessing the availability of trace metals and rare earth elements in deep ocean waters of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, NE Pacific: Application of an in situ DGT passive sampling method. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Wagner S, Santner J, Irrgeher J, Puschenreiter M, Happel S, Prohaska T. Selective Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) for the Simultaneous Assessment of Labile Sr and Pb Concentrations and Isotope Ratios in Soils. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6338-6346. [PMID: 35427118 PMCID: PMC9047413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wagner
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Jakob Santner
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Irrgeher
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Steffen Happel
- TrisKem International, 3 Rue des Champs Géons, ZAC de l’Eperon, 35170 Bruz, France
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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Bonnaud B, Miège C, Daval A, Fauvelle V, Mazzella N. Determination of diffusion coefficients in agarose and polyacrylamide gels for 112 organic chemicals for passive sampling by organic Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (o-DGT). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25799-25809. [PMID: 34846659 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The diffusive gradient in thin film technique was recently adapted to organic compounds. The diffusional coefficient (D) is a key parameter needed to calculate the time-weighted average concentration. In this study, two methods are used for D measurement in two gels (agarose and polyacrylamide): the diffusion cell method (Dcell) and the slice stacking method (Dstack). Thus, D were discussed and compared for 112 organic compounds, including pesticides, hormones, and pharmaceuticals. Dstack tends to be higher than Dcell. It could be explained by the presence of a non-negligible diffusive boundary layer thickness in diffusion cell. Consequently, the use of sampling rates (RS) should be more adequate to determine water concentration, for a given bulk flow velocity. Dstack also corresponds to the diffusion in gel only, allowing the determination of the maximal RS, and would be considered as a reference value that can be adjusted to in situ conditions, by applying the appropriate DBL thickness. The range and variability of D values found in the literature and obtained in this work were discussed. Relationships between D and compound physicochemical properties (molecular mass, log Dow, polar surface area, van der Waals volume) were investigated. We did not find clear and robust correlation between D and any single physicochemical property, for the set of compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Miège
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amandine Daval
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Fauvelle
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, 13288, Marseille, France
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11
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McDonald S, Holland A, Simpson SL, Gadd JB, Bennett WW, Walker GW, Keough MJ, Cresswel T, Hassell KL. Metal forms and dynamics in urban stormwater runoff: New insights from diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) measurements. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117967. [PMID: 34936976 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff typically contains significant quantities of metal contaminants that enter urban waterways over short durations and represent a potential risk to water quality. The origin of metals within the catchment and processes that occur over the storm can control the partitioning of metals between a range of different forms. Understanding the fraction of metals present in a form that is potentially bioavailable to aquatic organisms is useful for environmental risk assessment. To help provide this information, the forms and dynamics of metal contaminants in an urban system were assessed across a storm. Temporal patterns in the concentration of metals in dissolved and particulate (total suspended solids; TSS) forms were assessed from water samples, and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGTs) were deployed to measure the DGT-labile time-integrated metal concentration. Results indicate that the concentrations of dissolved and TSS-associated metals increased during the storm, with the metals Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn representing the greatest concern relative to water quality guideline values (GVs). The portion of labile metal as measured by DGT devices indicated that during the storm a substantial fraction (∼98%) of metals were complexed and pose a lower risk of acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. Comparison of DGT results to GVs indicate that current GVs are likely quite conservative when assessing stormwater pollution risks with regards to metal contaminants. This study provides valuable insight into the forms and dynamics of metals in an urban system receiving stormwater inputs and assists with the development of improved approaches for the assessment of short-term, intermittent discharge events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McDonald
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Aleicia Holland
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Albury-Wodonga Campus, Albury-Wodonga, Victoria 3690, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Locked Bag 2007 Kirrawee, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Jennifer B Gadd
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Private Bag 99940, Viaduct Harbour, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - William W Bennett
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Glen W Walker
- Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael J Keough
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tom Cresswel
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Hassell
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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12
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Recent nanomaterials development and application in diffusive gradients in thin-film devices. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Ji X, Challis JK, Brinkmann M. A critical review of diffusive gradients in thin films technique for measuring organic pollutants: Potential limitations, application to solid phases, and combination with bioassays. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132352. [PMID: 34826958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) for organics has received considerable attention for studying the chemical dynamics of various organic pollutants in the environment. This review investigates current limitations of DGT for organics and identifies several research gaps for future studies. The application of a protective outer filter membrane has been recommended for most DGT applications, however, important questions regarding longer lag times due to significant interaction or adsorption of specific groups of compounds on the outer membrane remain. A modified DGT configuration has been developed that uses the diffusive gel as the outer membrane without the use of an extra filter membrane, however use of this configuration, while largely successful, remains limited. Biofouling has been a concern when using DGT for metals; however, effect on the performance of DGT for organics needs to be systemically studied. Storage stability of compounds on intact DGT samplers has been assessed in select studies and that data is synthesized here. DGT has been used to describe the kinetic desorption of antibiotics from soils and biosolids based on the soil/biosolid physical-chemical characteristics, yet applications remain limited and requires further research before wide-scale adoption is recommended. Finally, DGT for organics has been rarely, albeit successfully, combined with bioassays as well as in vivo bioaccumulation studies in zebrafish. Studies using DGT combined with bioassays to predict the adverse effects of environmental mixtures on aquatic or terrestrial biota are discussed here and should be considered for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ji
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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14
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Amato ED, Pfeiffer F, Estoppey N, Subotic D, Herweyers L, Breugelmans T, Weyn M, Du Bois E, Dardenne F, Covaci A, Town RM, Blust R. Field application of a novel active-passive sampling technique for the simultaneous measurement of a wide range of contaminants in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130598. [PMID: 33901895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A first test of the field capabilities of a novel in situ sampling technique combining active and passive sampling (APS) was conducted in the sea. The proof-of-concept device uses a pump to draw water into a diffusion cell where dissolved target substances are accumulated onto sorbents which are selective for different classes of contaminants (i.e., metal cations, polar and non-polar organic compounds), simultaneously. A controlled laminar flow established in the diffusion cell enables measurements of contaminant concentrations that are fully independent from the hydrodynamic conditions in the bulk solution. APS measurements were consistent with those obtained using conventional passive sampling techniques such as organic diffusive gradients in thin films (o-DGT) and silicone rubber (SR) samplers (generally < 40% difference), taking into account the prevailing hydrodynamic conditions. The use of performance reference compounds (PRC) for hydrophobic contaminants provided additional information. Field measurements of metal ions in seawater showed large variability due to issues related to the device configuration. An improved field set-up deployed in supplementary freshwater mesocosm experiments provided metal speciation data that was consistent with passive sampling measurements (DGT), taking into account the hydrodynamic conditions. Overall, the results indicate that the APS technique provides a promising approach for the determination of a wide range of contaminants simultaneously, and independently from the hydrodynamic conditions in the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvio D Amato
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Fabienne Pfeiffer
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dragan Subotic
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - Imec, Belgium
| | - Laure Herweyers
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Research Group Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maarten Weyn
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - Imec, Belgium
| | - Els Du Bois
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Freddy Dardenne
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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15
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Sans-Duñó J, Cecilia J, Galceran J, Puy J. Availability of metals to DGT devices with different configurations. The case of sequential Ni complexation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146277. [PMID: 33744567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The analytical technique DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films) is able to gain access to a wealth of information by carefully interpreting accumulation data from passive samplers with different configurations (i.e. different thicknesses of its constituent layers). A set of DGT devices were simultaneously deployed in solutions of Ni and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) of different concentrations to measure the availability of Ni in these solutions. Accumulations indicate that the availability of Ni depends on both the thickness of the resin and the thickness of the diffusive gel. In both cases, the lability degree increases as the thickness increases. As the formation of successive complexes (such as Ni(NTA)2) proceeds, the availability of the metal decreases, which is quantitatively explained by reducing the formulation to a case with only one complex, but with an effective dissociation rate constant that decreases as the concentration of NTA increases. Simple analytical expressions are reported to quantify the lability degree in the different DGT configurations. These results indicate that a set of different DGT devices can characterize the availability of a cation in a natural sample with uptake processes at different spatial or time scales. Alternatively, and from a more fundamental point of view, information on speciation, mobilities and labilities of the species present in natural samples can be obtained with a set of DGT configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sans-Duñó
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Cecilia
- Departament de Matemàtica, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep Galceran
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Puy
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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16
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Chen R, Wang Q, Ren F, Ding G, Shi R, Cheng J, Cai X, Cheng N, Liu J, Li L. Determination of Labile Cadmium in Soils Using a New Sodium Alginate-Polyglutamic Acid-Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1559-1569. [PMID: 33651400 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sodium alginate-polyglutamic acid was used to develop a new diffusive gradient in thin films (SA-PGA-DGT) device, which was proven to be suitable for the investigation of labile Cd in soil. The adsorption capacity of Cd was calculated to be approximately 16.8 μg/cm2 , which was hardly affected by factors including pH (5-9), ionic strength (0.1-100 mM), and the presence of other metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cr). The SA-PGA gel has dense and uneven pores with large specific surface area, which ensures the adsorption of Cd by functional groups of the gel. A kinetics study indicated that the adsorption rate of Cd by the binding gel can be described as a pseudo-second-order reaction. Deployment of the SA-PGA-DGT in the soils of Tang Gu (located in Binhai New District, Tianjin, China) showed a strong positive linear correlation between Cd measured by the device and exchangeable Cd measured by the Tessier method (R = 0.73, p < 0.01). Cadmium determined by the SA-PGA-DGT device was less affected by soil properties. This new SA-PGA-DGT has obvious advantages over other methods in respect of the labile Cd analysis in soil. The innovative novel device expands the variety of existing DGT technologies and can be utilized to monitor the level of labile Cd in soil effectively. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1559-1569. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, China
| | - Fumin Ren
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, China
| | - Rongguang Shi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuying Cai
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lanxin Li
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
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17
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Galceran J, Gao Y, Puy J, Leermakers M, Rey-Castro C, Zhou C, Baeyens W. Speciation of Inorganic Compounds in Aquatic Systems Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films: A Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:624511. [PMID: 33889563 PMCID: PMC8057345 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.624511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The speciation of trace metals in an aquatic system involves the determination of free ions, complexes (labile and non-labile), colloids, and the total dissolved concentration. In this paper, we review the integrated assessment of free ions and labile metal complexes using Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT), a dynamic speciation technique. The device consists of a diffusive hydrogel layer made of polyacrylamide, backed by a layer of resin (usually Chelex-100) for all trace metals except for Hg. The best results for Hg speciation are obtained with agarose as hydrogel and a thiol-based resin. The diffusive domain controls the diffusion flux of the metal ions and complexes to the resin, which strongly binds all free ions. By using DGT devices with different thicknesses of the diffusive or resin gels and exploiting expressions derived from kinetic models, one can determine the labile concentrations, mobilities, and labilities of different species of an element in an aquatic system. This procedure has been applied to the determination of the organic pool of trace metals in freshwaters or to the characterization of organic and inorganic complexes in sea waters. The concentrations that are obtained represent time-weighted averages (TWA) over the deployment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Galceran
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaume Puy
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Martine Leermakers
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Rey-Castro
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Chunyang Zhou
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Pommier AL, Buzier R, Simon S, Guibaud G. Impact of low ionic strength on DGT sampling with standard APA gels: Effect of pH and analyte. Talanta 2021; 222:121413. [PMID: 33167193 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Only a limited and scattered knowledge is currently available on the conditions leading to the occurrence of sampling alteration at low ionic strength (<10-3 mol L-1) with DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films technique). In this study, the role of the pH and the charge of the analyte were comprehensively evaluated with DGT equipped with APA (polyacrylamide with agarose-derivative crosslinker) diffusive gels and ZrO or Chelex binding phases. The sampling of four cations (CdII, CuII, NiII and PbII) and two anions (AsV and CrVI) was compared for pH 4, 6 and 8 at common (10-2 mol L-1) and low (10-4 mol L-1) ionic strengths. Results showed that the sampling was modified at low ionic strength only in the most acidic condition (pH 4) for both anions and cations with an opposite incidence: cations' sampling was halved whereas anions' sampling was increased. Furthermore, cations sampling alteration was similarly reproduced using diffusion cell experiments, which requires only the APA gel, indicating that the binding layer does not participate in the low ionic strength effect. The intensity of DGT sampling modification was consistent with a prediction based on Donnan partitioning of analytes at gel/solution interface for several valences (from -I to + III). All these results strongly suggest that the APA diffusive gels carry positive charges that create a Donnan effect at low ionic strength. Since no ionic strength effect could be evidenced at pH 6 and 8, it can be reasonably assumed that this effect occurs only marginally for DGT deployments in most natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Pommier
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE-Equipe DIQeau - URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Rémy Buzier
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE-Equipe DIQeau - URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Simon
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE-Equipe DIQeau - URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE-Equipe DIQeau - URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
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19
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Reichstädter M, Gao Y, Diviš P, Ma T, Gaulier C, Leermakers M. Cysteine-modified silica resin in DGT samplers for mercury and trace metals assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128320. [PMID: 33297253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) is an in situ passive sampling technique to assess labile trace metal concentrations in different environmental matrix. The technique is consisting of a diffusive domain backed up by a resin gel that binds free metals and metal complexes that dissociate in the diffusive domain. This technique requires specific resin for special metals, for example mercury (Hg), since the classic resin (Chelex-100) gel is not applicable for Hg measurement. A simultaneous determination of Hg with other metals by the DGT was not yet reported. Two biomolecule-based resins were prepared by glutaraldehyde immobilisation of cysteine onto 3-amino-functionalised silica and 3-aminopropyl-functionalised silica, respectively. The load of functional groups on modified resins was qualitatively and quantitatively characterised. The modified resins were applied in the DGT technique and the uptake efficiency, elution efficiency, and linear accumulation of analytes of the DGT were tested. This novel DGT technique, using two cysteine-modified resins, can accumulate Hg and other metals in a broad range of pH and ionic strength in solutions. In the Belgian coastal zone (BCZ), the concentrations of Hg and other trace metals sampled by cysteine-modified resin-DGTs were similar as those by the other two DGT assemblies for Hg and other trace metals, respectively. The cysteine-modified silica resin combined the features of Chelex-100 resin and 3-mercaptopropyl silica resin and allowed simultaneous determination of labile Hg and other trace metals. The resin with a higher load of functional groups also showed higher performance in the further application in the DGT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Reichstädter
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 118, Brno, 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pavel Diviš
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 118, Brno, 621 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Tianhui Ma
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Gaulier
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve D'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Martine Leermakers
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Xu X, Peck E, Fletcher DE, Korotasz A, Perry J. Limitations of Applying Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films to Predict Bioavailability of Metal Mixtures in Aquatic Systems with Unstable Water Chemistries. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2485-2495. [PMID: 32845529 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study accessed the use of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) as a surrogate for estimating the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in a freshwater mussel. We coupled DGTs with mussels and deployed them in a constructed wetland. Water quality parameters were measured for a 4-d period on 3 continuous occasions during 12-d trials in the summer and winter; metal speciation was modeled for each occasion. Higher cumulative rainfall and water turbidity during the summer trial resulted in higher particulate metal concentrations compared to the winter trial. Mussel accumulated metals did not correlate with DGT-measured metals but positively correlated with particulate metals in the summer because filtering particulate food mainly contributed to the bioaccumulation. In contrast, the winter trial suggested a positive correlation between metal bioaccumulation and DGT-measured metals because uptake of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from water mainly contributed to the bioaccumulation, and the labile metal species complexed with DOM generally overlapped with DGT-targeted metals. Though Cu has a higher affinity for organic ligands than Zn, the interactions between Cu and Zn in the mixture did not impede their uptake and bioaccumulation. The deployment duration when DGTs and mussels are coupled to compare metal bioavailability should be no less than 12 d so that mussels have enough time to accumulate contaminants from the environmental media. In summary, DGT is a convenient surrogate for biomonitoring, but it may not fit the real environment such as the aquatic system with unstable water chemistries. Geochemical modeling is good at calculating metal speciation but inferior to DGT in predicting bioavailability and mimicking bioaccumulation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2485-2495. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - Erin Peck
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dean E Fletcher
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexis Korotasz
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - John Perry
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
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21
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Reichstädter M, Divis P, Abdulbur-Alfakhoury E, Gao Y. Simultaneous determination of mercury, cadmium and lead in fish sauce using Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films technique. Talanta 2020; 217:121059. [PMID: 32498878 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish sauce is a popular seasoning liquid originating from southeastern Asian cuisine, consisting of fermented fish, salt and additional ingredients. Fish can contain high amounts of metals, some of which are hazardous for human health. Therefore, authorities responsible for food safety and quality should monitor the levels of these contaminants in fish and fish deviated products. In this work, the passive sampling technique of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) containing Chelex-100 and Purolite S924 resin gels, is used for the determination of dissolved mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in fish sauce. The DGT performance test showed linear accumulation of Hg, Cd and Pb on the binding gels versus deployment time. A wide range of pH and salt concentration did not affect the performance of the DGT. The effective diffusion coefficients of Hg, Cd and Pb in diffusive gels were determined by applying a series of deployments in fish sauce solution. Besides the direct sampling with the DGT technique, fish sauce samples were also digested using a microwave oven. Analyses of DGT and microwave oven digested samples were performed with Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). Both methods were then used for the analysis of fish sauces from local retail stores. Due to the preconcentration ability of DGT, lower detection limits of Hg, Cd and Pb could be achieved compared to the microwave digestion method. The DGT technique offers a more sensitive method for trace element analysis in complex food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Reichstädter
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 118, Brno, 62100, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Divis
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 118, Brno, 62100, Czech Republic
| | - Ehab Abdulbur-Alfakhoury
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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22
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Cindrić AM, Marcinek S, Garnier C, Salaün P, Cukrov N, Oursel B, Lenoble V, Omanović D. Evaluation of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique for speciation of trace metals in estuarine waters - A multimethodological approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137784. [PMID: 32172124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the potential bioavailability of trace metals (TM) in marine systems is of prime importance to implement adapted regulations and efficiently protect our coastal and estuarine waters. In this study Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) technique with two different pore size was used to evaluate the potentially bioavailable fractions (DGT-labile) of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn at various depths of a highly stratified estuary (the Krka River estuary, Croatia) both in winter and summer. DGT-labile concentrations were compared to (1) total dissolved concentrations, (2) concentrations of labile species measured by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV-labile) for Cu and (3) concentrations derived by chemical speciation modelling. High correlation between dissolved and DGT-labile concentrations was found for all metals, except for Zn where contamination problems prevented reliable conclusions. Percentages of DGT-labile fractions over total dissolved concentrations were (AVG ± SD): 92 ± 3%, 64 ± 2%, 23 ± 5%, 61 ± 3% and 57 ± 6% for Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Co, respectively. No significant difference was found between trace metal concentrations measured with an open pore and restricted pore devices, implying the predominance of kinetically labile metal complexes smaller than 1 nm. For Cu, ASV-labile and DGT labile concentrations were highly correlated (0.97) with ASV-labile concentration being around 35% lower than that of the DGT-labile. Modelling of chemical speciation reliably predicted dynamic (free, inorganic and part of organic complexes) concentration of Cd, whereas dynamic concentrations of Cu and Pb were underestimated by 32% and 65%, respectively. In view of the relative simplicity of DGT devices, they are well suited for the monitoring effort of coastal waters, informing on potentially bioavailable concentrations of TM and thereby, helping to achieve good environmental status of coastal waters, as stipulated within the EU Water Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Marija Cindrić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Marcinek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cédric Garnier
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde, France
| | - Pascal Salaün
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Neven Cukrov
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Benjamin Oursel
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde, France
| | - Véronique Lenoble
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde, France
| | - Dario Omanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zhao J, Cornett RJ, Chakrabarti CL. Assessing the uranium DGT-available fraction in model solutions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121134. [PMID: 31732352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The uranium speciation in humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) model solutions was investigated by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). A reference solution was used to normalize the DGT data from different samples. This approach was used to assess uranium DGT-available fraction (FU), which was calculated from experimental data and reflect both the mobility and lability of uranium species. FU decreased with increasing HA or FA concentrations, because more uranium was able to bind the strong binding sites of HA or FA. When copper was spiked, FU increased due to the competition between copper and uranium. In HA model solutions, an increase of ionic strength could increase FU, and when pH was greater than 7, FU increased significantly. The DGT uptake factor (φ), which can be obtained from data fitting, is the ratio of the product of diffusion coefficient and lability degree of the unknown sample to that of the reference solution. In U-HA-NaHCO3 solutions, UO2(CO3)22- had a relatively high φ value and might be the most DGT-available species. This approach allows the comparison of DGT data from different samples, and combining with a data fitting procedure, it can be used to investigate the distribution of metal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, National Research Center for Geoanalysis, 26 Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing, 100037, China; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - R J Cornett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - C L Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Zheng C, Wang X, Liu J, Ji X, Huang B. Biochar-assisted phytoextraction of arsenic in soil using Pteris vittata L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36688-36697. [PMID: 31741273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The alkaline nature of biochar provides a potential for soil arsenic (As) mobilization and, hence, enhancing efficiency of As phytoextraction by combining with As hyperaccumulator. To testify the feasibility and potential risk of the above strategy, biochar effect on As transfer in a paddy soil and accumulation in P. vittata was investigated in a pot experiment. By leaching soil (total As concentration 141.17 mg/kg) with simulated acid rain (pH 4.2), As the concentration in leaching eluate increased proportionally with increasing biochar ratio. Coincident with elevated soil As mobility, apparent enhancement in As uptake and translocation in P. vittata was determined with 1-5% biochar amendment after 40 days of plant growth. Furthermore, diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) technique were employed to characterize any potential risk in vertical downward migration of As at 2-mm resolution. A significantly increasing profile of DGT-As ranging from on average 20 μg/L in CK to 50-100 μg/L in 1-3% biochar treatments was recorded over 0-60 mm depth, with 25-71% lower labile As in the rhizosphere than non-rhizosphere zone with few exceptions. As compared to Chinese quality standard for groundwater (Class IV 50 μg/L), biochar ratio at ≤ 1% was suggested for local water safety while actual application should take the physicochemical characteristic of tested soil into account. Our results demonstrated the biochar-assisted P. vittata phytoremediation can serve as an emerging pathway to enhance efficiency of soil As phytoextraction. The combination of DGT techniques and greenhouse assay provided a powerful tool for evaluating the gradient distribution of heavy metal in rhizosphere and accessing corresponding ecological risk at more precise scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujing Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xionghui Ji
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Midstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bojun Huang
- Center for Foreign Economic & Technical Cooperation in Agriculture Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410006, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wu Z, Wang S, Ji N. Distribution character of localized iron microniche in lake sediment microzone revealed by chemical image. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35704-35716. [PMID: 31701417 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) technique and LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) for heterogeneous distribution of the soluble labile iron (Fe) at submillimeter resolution in lake sediment porewater are reported. The soluble labile Fe species include ion and labile organic complexes. The chemical images in two dimensions (2D) for DGT concentration of Fe (CDGT(Fe)) are investigated for Fe remobilization character. There are 902 CDGT(Fe) values between 1000 and 2000 μg L-1, 463 values between 2000 and 3000 μg L-1, and 112 values over 3000 μg L-1 in all chemical maps. Based on the linear correlation relationships between CDGT (Fe) and total Fe (TFe), total organic carbon (TOC), acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), Eh, concentrations of the soluble reactive phosphorus (P) (SRP), and soluble labile trace metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in a vertical 1D profile of sediment or porewater, Fe release mechanisms are mainly due to the reductive Fe release from iron oxyhydroxides and the decomposition of organic matter in algae biomass and deep sediment layer. It can be used to explain the formation mechanisms of Fe microniches in chemical maps with heterogeneous character to a great extent. CDGT(Fe) peak flux in the center of Fe microniche and the low CDGT (Fe) at the edge of a microniche are due to the formation of the insoluble iron sulfide and the abundant acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) in sediment. The verified co-remobilization of the soluble labile Fe and trace metals or SRP in sediment porewater can be used to predict their simultaneous release from Fe microniches with the large CDGT (Fe) peaks. The different kinds of Fe microniche zones and hot spots from sediment/water interface (SWI) to deep sediment correspond to the formation mechanisms of microniches mentioned above. Moreover, some narrow Fe microniche zones with the large CDGT (Fe) across chemical maps are due to the desorption of Fe(II) from the freshly formed oxide on Myriophyllum verticiilatur roots, which are located at sites of microniche zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shengrui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan Province, China.
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Ningning Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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26
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Yao L, Steinman AD, Wan X, Shu X, Xie L. A new method based on diffusive gradients in thin films for in situ monitoring microcystin-LR in waters. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17528. [PMID: 31772202 PMCID: PMC6879504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The passive sampling method of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) was developed to provide a quantitative and time-integrated measurement of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in waters. The DGT method in this study used HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced) material as a binding agent, and methanol as an eluent. The diffusion coefficient of MC-LR was 5.01 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 25 °C in 0.45 mm thick diffusion layer. This DGT method had a binding capacity of 4.24 μg per binding gel disk (3.14 cm2), ensuring sufficient capacity to measure MC-LR in most water matrices. The detection limit of HLB DGT was 0.48 ng L−1. DGT coupled to analysis by HPLC appears to be an accurate method for MC-LR monitoring. Comparison of DGT measurements for MC-LR in water and a conventional active sampling method showed little difference. This study demonstrates that HLB-based DGT is a useful tool for in situ monitoring of MC-LR in fresh waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA
| | - Xiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiubo Shu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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27
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Guibal R, Buzier R, Lissalde S, Guibaud G. Adaptation of diffusive gradients in thin films technique to sample organic pollutants in the environment: An overview of o-DGT passive samplers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133537. [PMID: 31357036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) to sample organic pollutants in the environment, called o-DGT has been performed since 2011 for various types of organic compounds (e.g. pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, endocrine disrupting chemicals, household and personal care products). To sample these different compounds, configuration of the samplers (mainly receiving phase and diffusive gel) has to be adapted. Up-to-date, sampling of 142 organic compounds by this passive sampler have been tested. This review provides the state-of-art of o-DGT passive sampler development, describing theory and modelling, calibration, configuration of the devices, and field applications. The most used configurations were agarose-XAD-18 and agarose-HLB configuration. o-DGT can be used to sample soils and most of natural waters (range of pH 4-9 and ionic strength 0.001-0.1 M). This review discusses current limitation of o-DGT in light of the feedback of DGT use to sample inorganic contaminants. It mainly concern the low sampling rates currently obtained by o-DGT compared to other passive samplers. This weakness could be compensated in the future with new sampler's design allowing an increase in exposure area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guibal
- University of Limoges, Peirene EA7500 - URA IRSTEA - Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Rémy Buzier
- University of Limoges, Peirene EA7500 - URA IRSTEA - Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Lissalde
- University of Limoges, Peirene EA7500 - URA IRSTEA - Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- University of Limoges, Peirene EA7500 - URA IRSTEA - Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
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28
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Gao Y, Zhou C, Gaulier C, Bratkic A, Galceran J, Puy J, Zhang H, Leermakers M, Baeyens W. Labile trace metal concentration measurements in marine environments: From coastal to open ocean areas. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Tan F, Jiang X, Qiao X, Sun D, Gao J, Quan X, Chen J, Ren S, Wang Y. Development of cerium oxide-based diffusive gradients in thin films technique for in-situ measurement of dissolved inorganic arsenic in waters. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1052:65-72. [PMID: 30685043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) method using a new high-capacity cerium oxide (CeO2) binding gel, for the first time, was developed for measuring dissolved inorganic arsenic in freshwater and seawater. The capacities of the new CeO2 binding gel were 682 μg and 375 μg for AsIII and AsV, respectively. The masses of AsIII and AsV accumulated by CeO2-DGT device increased linearly with time and agreed well with the theoretical value calculated by DGT equation. The arsenic accumulation by CeO2-DGT was independent of pH (4.05-9.04) and ionic strength (0.1-750 mM), and common anions including CO32-, SO42-, Cl- and PO43- had no obvious interference. CeO2-DGT showed excellent long-term deployment performance in freshwater and synthetic seawater. Field trials with CeO2-DGT achieved successfully the time-weighted-average concentrations of total inorganic arsenic in reservoir water (1.38 ± 0.09 μg/L) and coastal seawater (0.45 ± 0.06 μg/L). The results were comparable to those measured by grab sampling. The proposed method was reliable and robust for in-situ measurements of dissolved inorganic arsenic in environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Daming Sun
- Dalian Hydrological Bureau of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinsuo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Suyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Laera A, Buzier R, Guibaud G, Esposito G, van Hullebusch ED. Assessment of the DGT technique in digestate to fraction twelve trace elements. Talanta 2019; 192:204-211. [PMID: 30348379 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes an evaluation of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for studying trace elements in digested sewage sludge samples. Twelve elements were monitored by Chelex (Al, Cd, Co, Cr (III), Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb) and zirconia-DGT (As, Mo, Se) samplers exposed from 4 h to 9 days. Twenty-four hours' deployment time was suitable for most of the studied elements. However, short deployment led to insufficient element accumulation or non-establishment of steady state while long deployment (from 18 to 144 h depending on the element) led to saturation of the binding gels and/or competing effects with other major elements. In addition, this study showed that the matrix of the digested sewage sludge lowers the accumulation of some trace elements in the DGT samplers, leading to labile concentrations underestimation of roughly 10-30% (depending on the element). Moreover, compared to the conventional total dissolved elements measurement, DGT technique allowed to quantify 7 out of 12 labile elements whereas only 3 out of 12 dissolved elements were quantified. These results highlight the potential of DGT technique to assess labile trace elements in digestate samples, provided a careful adaptation of the deployment time as well as an evaluation of the matrix effect is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Laera
- University of Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France; University of Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France; University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy.
| | - Rémy Buzier
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- University of Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France; IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
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31
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Liu JF, Zhao YJ, Song ZT, Zhou QW, Liu XW, Fan HT. Characterization of the dissociation kinetics of Cd and Ni in soils based on diffusive gradients in thin films technique. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:446-452. [PMID: 30292111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new theoretical method was established for the combinatorial calculation of the dissociation rate constant (K-1) of the metal-organic complexes (MLs), the concentration of free ionic soil metals (CM), the labile concentration of soil metal-organic complexes (CML) based on diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique with a range of diffusive layer thicknesses (0.053-0.173 mm) in soils. The fitting results agreed well with the determined values. The values of K-1, CML and CM were calculated without other morphological analysis software and the fitting results agreed well with the determined values with some advantages such as the use of fewer hypothetical parameters, ease of calculation, the full embodiment of the contribution of MLs to the labile content. According to the results of model fitting, cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter were found to be the key environmental factors for K-1 values of Cd and Ni, respectively. The labile contents of Cd and Ni in soil were closely related with pH, soil organic matter and the total contents of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China; College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Zhi-Ting Song
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qi-Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Hong-Tao Fan
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Petroleum & Chemical Technology, Fushun 113001, China.
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Yuan Y, Ding S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Ren M, Zhang C. Simultaneous measurement of fifteen rare earth elements using diffusive gradients in thin films. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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33
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Stroski KM, Challis JK, Wong CS. The influence of pH on sampler uptake for an improved configuration of the organic-diffusive gradients in thin films passive sampler. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1018:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Zhou C, van de Velde S, Baeyens W, Gao Y. Comparison of Chelex based resins in diffusive gradients in thin-film for high resolution assessment of metals. Talanta 2018; 186:397-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Ren M, Wang Y, Ding S, Yang L, Sun Q, Zhang L. Development of a new diffusive gradient in the thin film (DGT) method for the simultaneous measurement of CH3Hg+ and Hg2+. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This technique has a high DGT capacity, wide tolerance of pH and ionic strength and good performance as an in situ monitoring tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Ren
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Nanjing 210008
- China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Nanjing 210008
- China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Qin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
| | - Liping Zhang
- Nanjing Easysensor Environmental Technology Co., Ltd
- Nanjing 210018
- China
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36
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Menegário AA, Yabuki LNM, Luko KS, Williams PN, Blackburn DM. Use of diffusive gradient in thin films for in situ measurements: A review on the progress in chemical fractionation, speciation and bioavailability of metals in waters. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 983:54-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Shiva AH, Teasdale PR, Welsh DT, Bennett WW. Evaluation of the DGT technique for selective measurement of aluminium and trace metal concentrations in an acid drainage-impacted coastal waterway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:742-751. [PMID: 28426038 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of DGT-Chelex, DGT-Metsorb and DGT-MBL (Chelex-Metsorb mixed binding layer) with open and restricted diffusive layers for trace metal (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and oxyanion (As, Mo, Sb, V) measurements, was evaluated in four natural waters with different pH (range 3.29-7.81). In moderately acidic (pH ≈ 5) and circumneutral (pH ≈ 6.3) waters, all three binding layers measured relatively similar concentrations of Al, while in more alkaline waters (pH ≈ 8) DGT-MBL measured higher concentrations than the other two binding layers. The measurements of DGT-Chelex and DGT-MBL for Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, and DGT-Metsorb and DGT-MBL for As, Sb and V were within 82-119% and not statistically different (p > 0.05) over the pH range 5-8. Mn measurements by DGT-Chelex and DGT-MBL were quite similar (95%) at pH 6.3, while DGT-MBL measured higher concentrations than DGT-Chelex at other pHs. The ratios of measured concentrations with different diffusive layers (Crestricted/Copen) were between 0.78 and 1.12 for all binding layers and no statistical differences (p > 0.05) were observed, except for Al at pH 7.81 and Cu at pH 6.28. DGT-MBL was comparable to DGT-Chelex for the measurement of most trace metals, and to DGT-Metsorb for the measurement of most oxyanions, over the pH range 5.05-7.81. Overall, DGT-MBL is superior to the other tested binding layers because it can simultaneously measure cations and anions, and accurately measure dissolved Al, across the greatest range of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Houshang Shiva
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4215, Australia.
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Wang P, Liu C, Yao Y, Wang C, Wang T, Yuan Y, Hou J. Comparison of in situ DGT measurement with ex situ methods for predicting cadmium bioavailability in soils with combined pollution to biotas. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:2171-2178. [PMID: 28498130 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To assess the capabilities of the different techniques in predicting Cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in Cd-contaminated soils with the addition of Zn, one in situ technique (diffusive gradients in thin films; DGT) was compared with soil solution concentration and four widely used single-step extraction methods (acetic acid, EDTA, sodium acetate and CaCl2). Wheat and maize were selected as tested species. The results demonstrated that single Cd-polluted soils inhibited the growth of wheat and maize significantly compared with control plants; the shoot and root biomasses of the plants both dropped significantly (P < 0.05). The addition of Zn exhibited a strong antagonism to the physiological toxicity induced by Cd. The Pearson correlation coefficient presented positive correlations (P < 0.01, R > 0.9) between Cd concentrations in two plants and Cd bioavailability indicated by each method in soils. Consequently, the results indicated that the DGT technique could be regarded as a good predictor of Cd bioavailability to plants, comparable to soil solution concentration and the four single-step extraction methods. Because the DGT technique can offer in situ data, it is expected to be widely used in more areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Cui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China and College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
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Yao Y, Wang PF, Wang C, Hou J, Miao LZ. The Evaluation on the Cadmium Net Concentration for Soil Ecosystems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030297. [PMID: 28287500 PMCID: PMC5369133 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Yixing, known as the “City of Ceramics”, is facing a new dilemma: a raw material crisis. Cadmium (Cd) exists in extremely high concentrations in soil due to the considerable input of industrial wastewater into the soil ecosystem. The in situ technique of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT), the ex situ static equilibrium approach (HAc, EDTA and CaCl2), and the dissolved concentration in soil solution, as well as microwave digestion, were applied to predict the Cd bioavailability of soil, aiming to provide a robust and accurate method for Cd bioavailability evaluation in Yixing. Moreover, the typical local cash crops—paddy and zizania aquatica—were selected for Cd accumulation, aiming to select the ideal plants with tolerance to the soil Cd contamination. The results indicated that the biomasses of the two applied plants were sufficiently sensitive to reflect the stark regional differences of different sampling sites. The zizania aquatica could effectively reduce the total Cd concentration, as indicated by the high accumulation coefficients. However, the fact that the zizania aquatica has extremely high transfer coefficients, and its stem, as the edible part, might accumulate large amounts of Cd, led to the conclusion that zizania aquatica was not an ideal cash crop in Yixing. Furthermore, the labile Cd concentrations which were obtained by the DGT technique and dissolved in the soil solution showed a significant correlation with the Cd concentrations of the biota accumulation. However, the ex situ methods and the microwave digestion-obtained Cd concentrations showed a poor correlation with the accumulated Cd concentration in plant tissue. Correspondingly, the multiple linear regression models were built for fundamental analysis of the performance of different methods available for Cd bioavailability evaluation. The correlation coefficients of DGT obtained by the improved multiple linear regression model have not significantly improved compared to the coefficients obtained by the simple linear regression model. The results revealed that DGT was a robust measurement, which could obtain the labile Cd concentrations independent of the physicochemical features’ variation in the soil ecosystem. Consequently, these findings provide stronger evidence that DGT is an effective and ideal tool for labile Cd evaluation in Yixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Pei-Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Ling-Zhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Han C, Ren J, Wang Z, Tang H, Xu D. A novel hybrid sensor for combined imaging of dissolved oxygen and labile phosphorus flux in sediment and water. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:179-188. [PMID: 27825681 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel sensor assembled by a hybrid film was developed for 2D combined measurements of DO dynamic and labile P flux in sediment and water at sub-millimeter resolution based on PO and DGT techniques. The hybrid film is comprised of a transparent polyester membrane supporting two ultrathin sensing layers, i.e., a P binding layer (PBL) overlying a DO sensing layer (DSL). A robust, straightforward measuring strategy based on the referenced RGB and coloration-computer imaging densitometry (CID) methods was developed. Sensing properties for DO show a considerable homogeneity (RSD < 5%) and rapid response (<24 s) in fluorescent response. Calibration experiments reveal the sensitivity values for the DSL without/with PBL are 2.12/1.95, with an acceptable bias of less than 8%. The optimized PBL possesses a uniform distribution of zirconium-oxide microparticles at a relatively high DGT capacity (10.8 μg P cm-2), in which the distribution of adsorbed-P can be imaged by the coloration-CID method. The performance of the sensor is compared to two conventional PO and DGT sensors. The hybrid sensor was successfully deployed in three types of benthic micro-interface and showed significant small-scale heterogeneity, providing new opportunities for advancing investigations into relevant biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China
| | - Zhaode Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Parker R, Bolam T, Barry J, Mason C, Kröger S, Warford L, Silburn B, Sivyer D, Birchenough S, Mayes A, Fones GR. The application of Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) for improved understanding of metal behaviour at marine disposal sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1074-1086. [PMID: 27693155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the effects of sediment metal contamination on biological assemblages and function remains a key question in marine management, especially in relation to disposal activities. However, the appropriate description of bioavailable metal concentrations within pore-waters has rarely been reported. Here, metal behaviour and availability at contaminated dredged material disposal sites within UK waters were investigated using Diffusive Gradient in Thin films (DGT). Three stations, representing contrasting history and presence of dredge disposal were studied. Depth profiles of five metals were derived using DGT probes as well as discrete analysis of total metal concentrations from sliced cores. The metals analysed were: iron and manganese, both relevant to sediment biogeochemistry; cadmium, nickel and lead, classified as priority pollutants. DGT time-integrated labile flux profiles of the metals display behaviour consistent with increasingly reduced conditions at depth and availability to DGT (iron and manganese), subsurface peaks and a potential sedimentary source to the water column related to the disposal activity (lead and nickel) and release to pore-water linked to decomposition of enriched phytodetritus (cadmium). DGT data has the potential to improve our current understanding of metal behaviour at impacted sites and is suitable as a monitoring tool. DGT data can provide information on metal availability and fluxes within the sediment at high depth-resolution (5mm steps). Differences observed in the resulting profiles between DGT and conventional total metal analysis illustrates the significance of considering both total metals and a potentially labile fraction. The study outcomes can help to inform and improve future disposal site impact assessment, and could be complemented with techniques such as Sediment Profile Imagery for improved biologically relevance, spatial coverage and cost-effective monitoring and sampling of dredge material disposal sites. Additionally, the application of this technology could help improve correlative work on biological impacts under national and international auspices when linking biological effects to more biologically relevant metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Parker
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Thi Bolam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Jon Barry
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Claire Mason
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Silke Kröger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Lee Warford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Briony Silburn
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Dave Sivyer
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Silvana Birchenough
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Andrew Mayes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
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Gao Y, Liang T, Tian S, Wang L, Holm PE, Bruun Hansen HC. High-resolution imaging of labile phosphorus and its relationship with iron redox state in lake sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:466-474. [PMID: 27376987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the labile status and dynamics of phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) across the sediment-water interface (SWI) is essential for managing internal P release in eutrophic lakes. Fe-coupled inactivation of P in sediments is an important factor which affects internal P release in freshwater lakes. In this study, two in-situ high-resolution diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) techniques, Zr-Oxide DGT and ZrO-Chelex DGT, were used to investigate the release characteristics of P from sediments in a large freshwater lake (Dongting Lake, China; area of 2691 km2) experiencing a regional summer algal bloom. Two-dimensional distributions of labile P in sediments were imaged with the Zr-Oxide DGT without destruction of the original structure of the sediment layer at four sites of the lake. The concentration of DGT-labile P in the sediments, ranging from 0.007 to 0.206 mg L-1, was highly heterogeneous across the profiles. The values of apparent diffusion flux (Fd) and release flux (Fr) of P varied between -0.027-0.197 mg m-2 d-1 and 0.037-0.332 mg m-2 d-1, respectively. Labile P showed a high and positive correlation (p < 0.01) with labile Fe(II) in the profiles, providing high-resolution evidence for the key role of Fe-redox cycling in labile P variation in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Denmark
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Denmark.
| | - Shuhan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Denmark
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peter E Holm
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Bruun Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Denmark
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Yao Y, Wang P, Wang C, Hou J, Miao L, Yuan Y, Wang T, Liu C. Assessment of mobilization of labile phosphorus and iron across sediment-water interface in a shallow lake (Hongze) based on in situ high-resolution measurement. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:873-882. [PMID: 27613325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The internal loading of P is reported to be the main factor initiating algal blooms. However, there are only a few reports on the dynamic variation of labile P in the sediment and overlying water during the decomposition of algal. In addition, the widely perceived relationship between labile P and Fe was not supported by in situ obtained values in freshwater. Consequently, the in situ simultaneous measurement of diffusion gradients in thin-film techniques (DGT) was applied on a large scale to detect the mechanisms of labile P and Fe in a typical shallow lake (Lake Hongze). The newly developed ZrO-DGT and ZrO-Chelex DGT were combined to obtain the concentration of labile P and Fe. Results showed that decomposition of algal might be the main contributor for the concentration dots and peaks of labile P in sediment profiles, as well as for the high values on the horizontal heterogeneity index of labile P at the depth of 0-30 mm of the sediment. Moreover, there existed significant difference between the apparent diffusion fluxes of labile P and Fe across the sediment-water interface which obtained from June sampling and October sampling. The results of apparent diffusion flux in two periods indicated the sediments changed from "sink" to "source" for labile P, especially at Sites 4-8, 10, 13-14, and 18. However, the role of the labile Fe has no significantly variation in the values of the diffusion flux. This phenomenon also contributed to the poor relationship between labile P and Fe in the sediment which obtained from the October sampling. Accordingly, we conclude that algal decomposition might be essential for internal loading of P in this aquatic ecosystem, and that also be the reason for vicious circle of algal occurrence in the following year in the center of Lake Hongze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Wang Y, Ding S, Gong M, Xu S, Xu W, Zhang C. Diffusion characteristics of agarose hydrogel used in diffusive gradients in thin films for measurements of cations and anions. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 945:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mangal V, Zhu Y, Shi YX, Guéguen C. Assessing cadmium and vanadium accumulation using diffusive gradient in thin-films (DGT) and phytoplankton in the Churchill River estuary, Manitoba. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:90-98. [PMID: 27521643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) and phytoplankton communities were evaluated for the measurement of Cd and V at environmentally relevant concentrations in laboratory settings and in the Churchill River estuary (Manitoba, Canada) during an annual spring melt. Despite rapid changes in hydrology and water quality, DGT samplers and intracellular Cd and V concentrations were positively correlated (0.79 < r(2) < 0.99), suggesting comparable accumulation trends between both DGT-labile and intracellular monitoring techniques. The largest accumulated concentrations of both Cd and V by DGT and phytoplankton accumulation methods were found later into the river discharge period. In controlled settings, accumulated Cd and V concentrations by the diatom Attheya septentrionalis displayed a strong correlation with metals accumulated by DGTs (r(2) > 0.99). Principal component analysis (PCA) reinforced similarities between both metal monitoring techniques and assessed how changing environmental variables during the river discharge period influenced each monitoring technique. Cd accumulation was influenced by DOC concentrations and protein-like DOM whereas ionic strength (i.e. conductivity) and humic-like DOM influenced V accumulation. The present findings suggest that (1) DGT is a versatile tool for monitoring bioaccumulation of Cd and V in highly dynamic environmental systems and (2) DOC concentration, DOM composition, conductivity, pH, and river discharge influence the bioavailability of Cd and V in estuarine and riverine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mangal
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, ON, Canada
| | - Y Zhu
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, ON, Canada
| | - Y X Shi
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, ON, Canada
| | - C Guéguen
- Chemistry Department, Trent University, ON, Canada.
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Challis JK, Hanson ML, Wong CS. Development and Calibration of an Organic-Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Aquatic Passive Sampler for a Diverse Suite of Polar Organic Contaminants. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10583-10591. [PMID: 27709893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A unique configuration of the diffusive gradients in thin films sampler for polar organics (o-DGT) without a poly(ether sulfone) membrane was developed, calibrated, and field-evaluated. Diffusion coefficients (D) through agarose diffusive gels ranged from (1.02 to 4.74) × 10-6 cm2/s for 34 pharmaceuticals and pesticides at 5, 13, and 23 °C. Analyte-specific diffusion-temperature plots produced linear (r2 > 0.85) empirical relationships whereby D could be estimated at any environmentally relevant temperature (i.e., matched to in situ water conditions). Linear uptake for all analytes was observed in a static renewal calibration experiment over 25 days except for three macrolide antibiotics, which reached saturation at 300 ng (≈15 d). Experimental sampling rates ranged from 8.8 to 16.1 mL/d and were successfully estimated with measured and modeled D within 19% and 30% average relative error, respectively. Under slow flowing (2.4 cm/s) and static conditions, the in situ diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness ranged from 0.023 to 0.075 cm, resulting in a maximum contribution to mass transfer of <45%. Estimated water concentrations by o-DGT at a wastewater treatment plant agreed well with grab samples and appeared to be less influenced by the boundary layer compared to that of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) deployed simultaneously. The o-DGT sampler is a promising monitoring tool that is largely insensitive to the DBL under typical flow conditions, facilitating the application of measured/modeled diffusion-based sampling rates. This significantly reduces the need for sampler calibration, making o-DGT more widely applicable, reliable, and cost-effective compared to current polar passive samplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
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47
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Yao Y, Wang C, Wang P, Miao L, Hou J, Wang T, Liu C. Zr oxide-based coloration technique for two-dimensional imaging of labile Cr(VI) using diffusive gradients in thin films. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:1632-1639. [PMID: 27320737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel Zr oxide diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)-based measurement technique for high-resolution imaging of labile Cr (VI) is introduced in this study. The method is based on the diphenylcarbazide coloration technique for Cr (VI) combined with computer-imaging densitometry, which provides a relation between the accumulated mass of Cr (VI) and the grayscale intensity. The Zr oxide gels show good performance in reflecting the accurate measurement of Cr (VI), independent of the effects of pH, ionic strength, and PO4(3-) concentration. Settling of the Zr-oxide gel was identified as a simple and effective method to suppress leaching of the claret-colored compound out of the gel. In addition, the optimal volume of added coloration reagent was 125 times that of the binding gel and 30min was selected as the optimal time for the chromogenic reaction. The relationship between the accumulated Cr (VI) and grayscale intensity was analyzed under the optimized conditions. The Zr oxide DGT technique could also obviously reflect the heterogeneity of sediment. Consequently, Zr oxide DGT-based coloration is certified to be a robust and suitable tool for providing effective and high-resolution information on bioavailable Cr (VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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48
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Zhou CY, Guan DX, Williams PN, Luo J, Ma LQ. Novel DGT method with tri-metal oxide adsorbent for in situ spatiotemporal flux measurement of fluoride in waters and sediments. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 99:200-208. [PMID: 27161886 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural mineral-water interface reactions drive ecosystem/global fluoride (F(-)) cycling. These small-scale processes prove challenging to monitoring due to mobilization being highly localized and variable; influenced by changing climate, hydrology, dissolution chemistries and pedogenosis. These release events could be captured in situ by the passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), providing a cost-effective and time-integrated measurement of F(-) mobilization. However, attempts to develop the method for F(-) have been unsuccessful due to the very restrictive operational ranges that most F(-)-absorbents function within. A new hybrid-DGT technique for F(-) quantification containing a three-phase fine particle composite (FeAlCe, FAC) adsorbent was developed and evaluated. Sampler response was validated in laboratory and field deployments, passing solution chemistry QC within ionic strength and pH ranges of 0-200 mmol L(-1) and 4.3-9.1, respectively, and exhibiting high sorption capacities (98 ± 8 μg cm(-2)). FAC-DGT measurements adequately predicted up to weeklong averaged in situ F(-) fluvial fluxes in a freshwater river and F(-) concentrations in a wastewater treatment flume determined by high frequency active sampling. While, millimetre-scale diffusive fluxes across the sediment-water interface were modeled for three contrasting lake bed sediments from a F(-)-enriched lake using the new FAC-DGT platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul N Williams
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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49
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Ding S, Xu D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Gong M, Zhang C. Simultaneous Measurements of Eight Oxyanions Using High-Capacity Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (Zr-Oxide DGT) with a High-Efficiency Elution Procedure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7572-7580. [PMID: 27303914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A zirconium oxide binding gel-based diffusive gradients in thin films (Zr-oxide DGT) was developed for simultaneous measurements of P(V), As(V), Cr(VI), Mo(VI), Sb(V), Se(VI), V(V), and W(VI). All of the oxyanions were rapidly bound to Zr-oxide gel with differences in binding affinity. The eight bound oxyanions were successfully recovered by one-step elution using a mild reagent of 0.2 M NaOH-0.5 M H2O2 by overcoming the problems in analyses of the oxyanions. The optimized elution time was reduced to 3-5 h from 24-48 h required by other DGTs. DGT uptakes of all the oxyanions were independent of pH (4.42-8.45) and ionic strength (0.1-500 mM). The DGT capacities for six oxyanions detected in multioxyanion solution were only 0.19 to 0.35 times of those detected in single-oxyanion solution, reflecting a strong competition among the oxyanions during DGT uptake. Except for Se(VI) in seawater, Zr-oxide DGT accurately measured all of the oxyanions in synthetic freshwater and seawater, with the capacities ∼29 to >2397 times and ∼7.5 to 232 times those of two commonly used DGTs (Metsorb and precipitated ferrihydrite (PF) DGTs) in freshwater and seawater, respectively. Measurements by Zr-oxide DGT in contaminated sediments were in agreement with only two oxyanions with the two commonly used DGTs; the two DGTs accumulated less or no mass of other oxyanions. This study demonstrates significant advantage of Zr-oxide DGT over the other DGTs in simultaneous measurements of the eight oxyanions due to the former's high capacity and a wide tolerance to environmental interferences, together with a high efficiency in elution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mengdan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- GIS Centre, Ryan Institute and School of Geography and Archaeology, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland
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50
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In situ, high-resolution evidence for iron-coupled mobilization of phosphorus in sediments. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24341. [PMID: 27087199 PMCID: PMC4834547 DOI: 10.1038/srep24341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Reductive dissolution of phosphorus-bearing iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides has been regarded as a primary mechanism responsible for the mobilization of phosphorus (P) in sediments for over 70 years. However, to date there is little in situ evidence to support this hypothesis. In this study, a total of 16 sites in the large eutrophic Lake Taihu were selected for investigation. Newly-developed diffusive gradients in thin films (ZrO-Chelex DGT) probes were deployed to simultaneously measure labile Fe and P mainly released from sediment solids at millimeter spatial resolution. Significantly positive correlations were observed between DGT-labile Fe and P at 14 sites, implying a release of P following reductive dissolution of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides. A coincident resupply of Fe(II) and P was observed from sediment solids to buffer their releases from DGT perturbance, further verifying the mechanism of Fe-coupled mobilization of P. The ratio of DGT-labile Fe/P was found to be positively correlated with the ratio of easily reducible (oxyhydr)oxide Fe to its associated P, indicating that this solid phase should retain P prior to its release. The results provide direct evidence for the coupling between Fe and P in sediments and further identify the easily reducible Fe (oxyhydr)oxide species involved in the coupling process.
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