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Yun P, Jinorose M, Devahastin S. Rapid smartphone-based assays for pesticides inspection in foods: current status, limitations, and future directions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6251-6271. [PMID: 36779284 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2166897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone-based assays to inspect pesticides in foods have attracted much attention as such assays can transform tedious laboratory-based assays into real-time, on-site, or even home-based assay and hence overcoming the limitations of conventional assays. Although an array of smartphone-based assays is available, information on the use of these assays for pesticides inspection is scattered. The purposes of this review are therefore to compile, summarize and discuss state-of-the-art as well as advantages and limitations of the relevant technologies. Suggestions are provided for further development of smartphone-based assays for rapid inspection of pesticides in foods. Smartphone-based assays relying on enzyme inhibitions are noted to be nonselective qualitative, capable of reporting results in a quantitative manner only when a sample contains an individual pesticide. Smartphone-based assays relying on chemical reactions also target only individual pesticides. Smartphone-based visible spectroscopy can, on the other hand, inspect individual and multiple pesticides with the aid of appropriate colorimetry-, luminescence-, or fluorescence-based assay. Smartphone-based visible-near infrared and Raman spectroscopies are suitable for simultaneous multiple pesticides inspection. Raman spectroscopy is of particular interest as it can detect pesticides even at lower concentrations. This spectroscopic technique can also serve as a real-time assay with the aid of cloud network computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheakdey Yun
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maturada Jinorose
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shao Y, Wang M, Cao J, She Y, Cao Z, Hao Z, Jin F, Wang J, Abd El-Aty AM. A method for the rapid determination of pesticides coupling thin-layer chromatography and enzyme inhibition principles. Food Chem 2023; 416:135822. [PMID: 36893638 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a method coupling TLC and enzyme inhibition principles to rapidly detect OPs (dichlorvos, paraoxon and parathion). After the removal of the organic solvent from the samples using TLC and paper-based chips, the enzyme was added to the detection system. The results showed that the current method effectively reduced the effects of solvents on enzyme behavior. Moreover, the pigments could be successfully retained on TLC with 40% ddH2O/ACN solution (v/v) as a developing solvent. Additionally, the detection limits (LODs) were 0.002 µg/mL for dichlorvos, 0.006 µg/mL for paraoxon, and 0.003 µg/mL for parathion. Finally, the method was applied to spiked cabbage, cucumber, and spinach and showed good average recoveries ranging between 70.22% and 119.79%. These results showed that this paper-based chip had high sensitivity, precleaning, and elimination of organic solvent properties. Furthermore, it provides a valuable idea for sample pretreatment and rapid determination of pesticide residues in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Shao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxia Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008 Beijing, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Keresteš O, Pohanka M. Affordable Portable Platform for Classic Photometry and Low-Cost Determination of Cholinesterase Activity. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:599. [PMID: 37366964 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of pesticides could potentially harm the environment for a long time. The reason for this is that the banned pesticide is still likely to be used incorrectly. Carbofuran and other banned pesticides that remain in the environment may also have a negative effect on human beings. In order to provide a better chance for effective environmental screening, this thesis describes a prototype of a photometer tested with cholinesterase to potentially detect pesticides in the environment. The open-source portable photodetection platform uses a color-programmable red, green and blue light-emitting diode (RGB LED) as a light source and a TSL230R light frequency sensor. Acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus (AChE) with high similarity to human AChE was used for biorecognition. The Ellman method was selected as a standard method. Two analytical approaches were applied: (1) subtraction of the output values after a certain period of time and (2) comparison of the slope values of the linear trend. The optimal preincubation time for carbofuran with AChE was 7 min. The limits of detection for carbofuran were 6.3 nmol/L for the kinetic assay and 13.5 nmol/L for the endpoint assay. The paper demonstrates that the open alternative for commercial photometry is equivalent. The concept based on the OS3P/OS3P could be used as a large-scale screening system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Keresteš
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Guo Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Jing X, Wang X. Determination of methomyl in grain using deep eutectic solvent-based extraction combined with fluorescence-based enzyme inhibition assays. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120412. [PMID: 34597870 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based extraction method is established to facilitate the determination of methomyl in grain via enzyme inhibition fluorescence. The environmentally-friendly DES was synthesized from proline and ethylene glycol and used as a green replacement for traditional extraction solvents that are generally toxic. The DES was added to grain samples and vortex extraction of methomyl, the supernatant was then collected for fluorescence detection. Biomass carbon quantum dots (CQDs) synthesized from millet were used as fluorescent probes. Acetylcholinesterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide to thiocholine. The positively-charged thiocholine interacts electrostatically with the negatively-charged quantum dots resulting in the quenching of their fluorescent emission. The pesticide extract solution blocks the enzyme activity and thus recovers the fluorescent from the quantum dots. The fluorescence response was correlated with the amount of methomyl residue in the grain over the range 0.01 to 5 mg kg-1. The limit of detection was found to be 0.003 mg kg-1, and the limit of quantification 0.01 mg kg-1. Recoveries of 86.5% to 107.8% were obtained using real samples, including millet, rice, wheat, and barley, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8%. The method is efficient and convenient and has good application prospects for extracting and detecting pesticides in grain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhenjia Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Liu DM, Xu B, Dong C. Recent advances in colorimetric strategies for acetylcholinesterase assay and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Laureano AFS, Riboldi M. The different tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 - A review in Brazil so far. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:340-346. [PMID: 32491306 PMCID: PMC7365540 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus from the coronavirus family that emerged in the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus is now widespread and causing the current pandemic of COVID-19, a highly pathogenic viral pneumonia, commonly presented with fever and cough, which frequently lead to lower respiratory tract disease with poor clinical outcomes associated with older age and underlying health conditions. Supportive care for patients is typically the standard protocol because no specific effective antiviral therapies have been identified so far. The current outbreak is challenging governments and health authorities all over the world. In here we present a comparison among the current diagnostic tools and kits being used to test Brazilian population.
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Jin L, Hao Z, Zheng Q, Chen H, Zhu L, Wang C, Liu X, Lu C. A facile microfluidic paper-based analytical device for acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay utilizing organic solvent extraction in rapid detection of pesticide residues in food. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1100:215-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sankar K, Lenisha D, Janaki G, Juliana J, Kumar RS, Selvi MC, Srinivasan G. Digital image-based quantification of chlorpyrifos in water samples using a lipase embedded paper based device. Talanta 2020; 208:120408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tsagkaris AS, Pulkrabova J, Hajslova J, Filippini D. A Hybrid Lab-on-a-Chip Injector System for Autonomous Carbofuran Screening. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5579. [PMID: 31861204 PMCID: PMC6960838 DOI: 10.3390/s19245579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Securing food safety standards is crucial to protect the population from health-threatening food contaminants. In the case of pesticide residues, reference procedures typically find less than 1% of tested samples being contaminated, thus indicating the necessity for new tools able to support smart and affordable prescreening. Here, we introduce a hybrid paper-lab-on-a-chip platform, which integrates on-demand injectors to perform multiple step protocols in a single disposable device. Simultaneous detection of enzymatic color response in sample and reference cells, using a regular smartphone, enabled semiquantitative detection of carbofuran, a neurotoxic and EU-banned carbamate pesticide, in a wide concentration range. The resulting evaluation procedure is generic and allows the rejection of spurious measurements based on their dynamic responses, and was effectively applied for the binary detection of carbofuran in apple extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis S Tsagkaris
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 6-Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 6-Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 6-Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Filippini
- Optical Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology-IFM, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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HUA QT, SHIBATA H, HIRUTA Y, CITTERIO D. Flow Control-based 3D μPADs for Organophosphate Pesticide Detection. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:393-399. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Trung HUA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Hiroyuki SHIBATA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Yuki HIRUTA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Daniel CITTERIO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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11
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Rapid quantification of two chemical nerve agent metabolites in serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 131:119-127. [PMID: 30826646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) continue to represent a significant chemical threat to humans due to exposures from their use as weapons, their potential storage hazards, and from their continued use agriculturally. Existing methods for detection include ELISA and mass spectrometry. The new approach presented here provides an innovative first step toward a portable OP quantification method that surmounts conventional limitations involving sensitivity, selectivity, complexity, and portability. DNA affinity probes, or aptamers, represent an emerging technology that, when combined with a mix-and-read, free-solution assay (FSA) and a compensated interferometer (CI) can provide a novel alternative to existing OP nerve agent (OPNA) quantification methods. Here it is shown that FSA can be used to rapidly screen prospective aptamers in the biological matrix of interest, allowing the identification of a 'best-in-class' probe. It is also shown that combining aptamers with FSA-CI enables quantification of the OPNA metabolites, Sarin (NATO designation "G-series, B", or GB) and Venomous Agent X (VX) acids, rapidly with high selectivity at detection limits of sub-10 pg/mL in 25% serum (by volume in PBS). These results suggest there is potential to directly impact diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of emergency response testing methods by both simplifying sample preparation procedures and making a benchtop reader available for OPNA metabolite quantification.
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Yang X, Dai J, Zhao S, Li R, Goulette T, Chen X, Xiao H. Identification and characterization of a novel carboxylesterase from Phaseolus vulgaris for detection of organophosphate and carbamates pesticides. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5095-5104. [PMID: 29604085 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues in food and the environment pose a great threat to human health and have made the easy and rapid detection of these pesticide residues an important task. Discovering new enzyme sources from plants can help reduce the cost of large-scale applications of rapid pesticide detection via enzyme inhibition. RESULTS Plant esterase from kidney beans was purified. Kidney bean esterase is identified as a carboxylesterase by substrate and inhibitor specificity tests and mass spectrometry identification. The kidney bean esterase demonstrates optimal catalytic activity at 40 °C, pH 6.5 and an enzyme concentration of 0.30 µg mL-1 . The kidney bean esterase can be inhibited by organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, which can be substituted for acetylcholinesterase. The limit of detection of the purified kidney bean esterase was two- to 20-fold higher than that of the crude one. The method detection limit meets the detection requirement for the maximum residue limits (MRL) in actual samples. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study provide a new source of enzymes for pesticides detection by enzyme inhibition. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Sujuan Zhao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tim Goulette
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xianggui Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Rajangam B, Daniel DK, Krastanov AI. Progress in enzyme inhibition based detection of pesticides. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:4-19. [PMID: 32624856 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The previous few decades have seen the development of biosensors and their use in monitoring of pesticides in food and environmental samples. Although inhibition-based biosensors have been subject of several recent research works, their performance characteristics greatly depend on the type of immobilization and the presence of interfering compounds in the samples. Moreover, sensitivity, detection limits, and rapidity of the response are few of the other major features that need to be investigated further if they are to become operationally user-friendly. This review will highlight research carried out in the past on biosensors that are based on enzyme inhibition for determination of organophosphorus compounds and carbamate pesticides.
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Pitschmann V, Matějovský L, Vetchý D, Kobliha Z. Enzymatic Determination of Anticholinesterases Using a Composite Carrier. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1151889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibition-based ultrasensitive fluorometric detection of malathion using unmodified silver nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Apilux A, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C, Tantimongcolwat T, Prachayasittikul V. Paper-based acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay combining a wet system for organophosphate and carbamate pesticides detection. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:307-19. [PMID: 26417364 PMCID: PMC4553890 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A dramatic increase in pesticide usage in agriculture highlights the need for on-site monitoring for public health and safety. Here, a paper-based sensor combined with a wet system was developed for the simple and rapid screening of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides based on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The paper-based sensor was designed as a foldable device consisting of a cover and detection sheets pre-prepared with indoxyl acetate and AChE, respectively. The paper-based sensor requires only the incubation of a sample on the test zone for 10 minutes, followed by closing of the foldable sheet to initiate the enzymatic reaction. Importantly, the buffer loading hole was additionally designed on the cover sheet to facilitate the interaction of the coated substrate and the immobilized enzyme. This subsequently facilitates the mixing of indoxyl acetate with AChE, resulting in the improved analytical performance of the sensor. The absence or decrease in blue color produced by the AChE hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate can be observed in the presence of OPs and CMs. Under optimized conditions and using image analysis, the limit of detection (LOD) of carbofuran, dichlorvos, carbaryl, paraoxon, and pirimicarb are 0.003, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.6 ppm, respectively. The assay could be applied to determine OP and CM residues in spiked food samples. Visual interpretation of the color signal was clearly observed at the concentration of 5 mg/kg. Furthermore, a self-contained sample pre-concentration approach greatly enhanced the detection sensitivity. The paper-based device developed here is low-cost, requires minimal reagents and is easy to handle. As such, it would be practically useful for pesticide screening by non-professional end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Apilux
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer
| | | | - Tanawut Tantimongcolwat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology
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Biosensors containing acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as recognition tools for detection of various compounds. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2015. [DOI: 10.2478/s11696-014-0542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are enzymes expressed in the human body under physiological conditions. AChE is an important part of the cholinergic nerves where it hydrolyses neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Both cholinesterases are sensitive to inhibitors acting as neurotoxic compounds. In analytical applications, the enzymes can serve as a biorecognition element in biosensors as well as simple disposable sensors (dipsticks) and be used for assaying the neurotoxic compounds. In the present review, the mechanism of AChE and BChE inhibition by disparate compounds is explained and methods for assaying the enzymes activity are shown. Optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors are described. Attention is also given to the application of sol-gel techniques and quantum dots in the biosensors’ construction. Examples of the biosensors are provided and the pros and cons are discussed.
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Colorimetric detection of dichlorvos using polydiacetylene vesicles with acetylcholinesterase and cationic surfactants. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 62:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Acetylcholinesterase-Free Colorimetric Detection of Chlorpyrifos in Fruit Juice Based on the Oxidation Reaction of H2O2 with Chlorpyrifos and ABTS2− Catalyzed by Hemin/G-Quadruplex DNAzyme. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S, Pennings K, Leung V, Liu M, Carrasquilla C, Kannan B, Li Y, Pelton R, Brennan JD, Filipe CDM. Pullulan Encapsulation of Labile Biomolecules to Give Stable Bioassay Tablets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S, Pennings K, Leung V, Liu M, Carrasquilla C, Kannan B, Li Y, Pelton R, Brennan JD, Filipe CDM. Pullulan Encapsulation of Labile Biomolecules to Give Stable Bioassay Tablets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6155-8. [PMID: 24764260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Jahanshahi-Anbuhi
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Chemical Biology, and Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1 (Canada)
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Mwila K, Burton MH, Van Dyk JS, Pletschke BI. The effect of mixtures of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides on acetylcholinesterase and application of chemometrics to identify pesticides in mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2315-2327. [PMID: 22684846 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CP) pesticides act by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This enables the use of this enzyme for the detection of these pesticides in the environment. While many studies have looked at the effect of single pesticides on AChE, the effect of mixtures of pesticides still requires extensive investigation. This is important to evaluate the cumulative risk in the case of simultaneous exposure to multiple pesticides. Therefore we examined the effect of five different pesticides (carbaryl, carbofuran, parathion, demeton-S-methyl, and aldicarb) on AChE activity to determine whether combinations had an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic inhibitory effect. Results indicated that the mixtures had an additive inhibitory effect on AChE activity. The data from the assays of the mixtures were used to develop and train an artificial neural network (ANN) which was then utilised successfully for the identification of pesticides and their concentrations in mixtures. This study is significant because it evaluated mixtures of OPs and CPs where previous studies focused on either OPs or CPs. Previous studies have only examined up to three pesticides while this study evaluated mixtures of five pesticides simultaneously. This is also the first study where an ANN was able to utilise data from the inhibition of a single enzyme to differentiate five different pesticides and their concentrations from mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mwila
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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Pohanka M, Drtinova L. Spectrophotometric methods based on 2,6-dichloroindophenol acetate and indoxylacetate for butyrylcholinesterase activity assay in plasma. Talanta 2013; 106:281-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Lateral-flow immunochromatographic assays are low-cost, simple-to-use, rapid tests for point-of-care screening of infectious diseases, drugs of abuse, and pregnancy. However, lateral flow assays are generally not quantitative, give a yes/no answer, and lack multiplexing. Threads have recently been proposed as a support for transporting and mixing liquids in lateral-flow immunochromatographic assays, but their use for quantitative high-sensitivity immunoassays has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we introduce the immunochromatographic assay on thread (ICAT) in a cartridge format that is suitable for multiplexing. The ICAT is a sandwich assay performed on a cotton thread knotted to a nylon fiber bundle, both of which are precoated with recognition antibodies against one target analyte. Upon sample application, the assay results become visible to the eye within a few minutes and are quantified using a flatbed scanner. Assay conditions were optimized, the binding curves for C-reactive protein (CRP) in buffer and diluted serum were established and a limit of detection of 377 pM was obtained. The possibility of multiplexing was demonstrated using three knotted threads coated with antibodies against CRP, osteopontin, and leptin proteins. The performance of the ICAT was compared with that of the paper-based and conventional assays. The results suggest that thread is a suitable support for making low-cost, sensitive, simple-to-use, and multiplexed diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Zhou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Liu S, Zheng Z, Li X. Advances in pesticide biosensors: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:63-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Pohanka M. Acetylcholinesterase Based Dipsticks with Indoxylacetate as a Substrate for Assay of Organophosphates and Carbamates. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.644743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chromogenic platform based on recombinant Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase for visible unidirectional assay of organophosphate and carbamate insecticide residues. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 720:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pohanka M, Hrabinova M, Kuca K, Simonato JP. Assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity using indoxylacetate and comparison with the standard Ellman's method. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:2631-40. [PMID: 21731462 PMCID: PMC3127138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12042631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Assay of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity plays an important role in diagnostic, detection of pesticides and nerve agents, in vitro characterization of toxins and drugs including potential treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. These experiments were done in order to determine whether indoxylacetate could be an adequate chromogenic reactant for AChE assay evaluation. Moreover, the results were compared to the standard Ellman’s method. We calculated Michaelis constant Km (2.06 × 10−4 mol/L for acetylthiocholine and 3.21 × 10−3 mol/L for indoxylacetate) maximum reaction velocity Vmax (4.97 × 10−7 kat for acetylcholine and 7.71 × 10−8 kat for indoxylacetate) for electric eel AChE. In a second part, inhibition values were plotted for paraoxon, and reactivation efficacy was measured for some standard oxime reactivators: obidoxime, pralidoxime (2-PAM) and HI-6. Though indoxylacetate is split with lower turnover rate, this compound appears as a very attractive reactant since it does not show any chemical reactivity with oxime antidots and thiol used for the Ellman’s method. Thus it can be advantageously used for accurate measurement of AChE activity. Suitability of assay for butyrylcholinesterase activity assessment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-973-253-091; Fax: +420-973-253-091
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Pierre Simonato
- CEA-Grenoble, LITEN/DTNM/LCRE, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; E-Mail:
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Anh DH, Cheunrungsikul K, Wichitwechkarn J, Surareungchai W. A colorimetric assay for determination of methyl parathion using recombinant methyl parathion hydrolase. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:565-71. [PMID: 21381204 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive colorimetric dipstick assay for the detection of the organophosphorous insecticide methyl parathion (MPT) residue in vegetables was developed. The assay was based on the hydrolysis of MPT by a recombinant methyl parathion hydrolase (recMPH), the encoding gene of which was isolated from Burkholderia cepacia, a soil bacterium indigenous to Thailand. This reaction generates protons leading to a change in pH that correlates with the amount of MPH present. Hence, the pH indicator bromothymol blue was used to monitor the MPH hydrolysis as the associated color changes can be observed by the naked eye. The recMPH was immobilized on a PVDF membrane to establish a dipstick assay format. The assays could detect MPT residues in spiked vegetable samples at the concentration of 1 mg/L without using analytical instrumentation. The test is reusable and stable for up to 3 months in the absence of any preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dau Hung Anh
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Van Dyk JS, Pletschke B. Review on the use of enzymes for the detection of organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in the environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:291-307. [PMID: 21055790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are released intentionally into the environment and, through various processes, contaminate the environment. Three of the main classes of pesticides that pose a serious problem are organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates. While pesticides are associated with many health effects, there is a lack of monitoring data on these contaminants. Traditional chromatographic methods are effective for the analysis of pesticides in the environment, but have limitations and prevent adequate monitoring. Enzymatic methods have been promoted for many years as an alternative method of detection of these pesticides. The main enzymes that have been utilised in this regard have been acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, organophosphorus hydrolase and tyrosinase. The enzymatic methods are based on the activation or inhibition of the enzyme by a pesticide which is proportional to the concentration of the pesticide. Research on enzymatic methods of detection, as well as some of the problems and challenges associated with these methods, is extensively discussed in this review. These methods can serve as a tool for screening large samples which can be followed up with the more traditional chromatographic methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Susan Van Dyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Nara S, Tripathi V, Singh H, Shrivastav TG. Colloidal gold probe based rapid immunochromatographic strip assay for cortisol. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 682:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Miao Y, He N, Zhu JJ. History and New Developments of Assays for Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5216-34. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Miao
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Nongyue He
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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34
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Biosensors based on cholinesterase inhibition for insecticides, nerve agents and aflatoxin B1 detection (review). Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Selective spectrophotometric detection of insecticides using cholinesterases, phosphotriesterase and chemometric analysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Hossain SMZ, Luckham RE, McFadden MJ, Brennan JD. Reagentless Bidirectional Lateral Flow Bioactive Paper Sensors for Detection of Pesticides in Beverage and Food Samples. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9055-64. [PMID: 19788278 DOI: 10.1021/ac901714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Zakir Hossain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1
| | - Roger E. Luckham
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1
| | - Meghan J. McFadden
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1
| | - John D. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1
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37
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Hossain SMZ, Luckham RE, Smith AM, Lebert JM, Davies LM, Pelton RH, Filipe CDM, Brennan JD. Development of a Bioactive Paper Sensor for Detection of Neurotoxins Using Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing of Sol−Gel-Derived Bioinks. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5474-83. [PMID: 19492815 DOI: 10.1021/ac900660p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Zakir Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada, and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7
| | - Roger E. Luckham
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada, and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7
| | - Anne Marie Smith
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada, and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7
| | - Julie M. Lebert
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada, and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7
| | - Lauren M. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada, and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7
| | - Robert H. Pelton
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada, and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7
| | - Carlos D. M. Filipe
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada, and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7
| | - John D. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada, and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7
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LI JK, ZHOU YL, WEN YX, WANG JH, HU QH. Studies on the Purification and Characterization of Soybean Esterase, and Its Sensitivity to Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(08)60232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Fung KK, Chan CPY, Renneberg R. Development of enzyme-based bar code-style lateral-flow assay for hydrogen peroxide determination. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 634:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Amperometric Biosensors for Real Time Assays of Organophosphates. SENSORS 2008; 8:5303-5312. [PMID: 27873815 PMCID: PMC3705505 DOI: 10.3390/s8095303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immobilized in gelatin was used to develop an assay for the organophosphate paraoxon. The more traditional manner employing preincubation was used for comparison between measurement procedures, although the aim of the study was to examine the performance of the biosensor for real time monitoring of organophosphates. The biosensor was immersed in a reaction chamber and paraoxon was injected inside. We were able to detect 200 pg of paraoxon within one minute or 2.5 ppb when the biosensor was preincubed in the sample solution for 15 minutes. The practical impact and expectations are discussed.
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Diagnosis of Intoxication by the Organophosphate VX: Comparison Between an Electrochemical Sensor and Ellman´s Photometric Method. SENSORS 2008; 8:5229-5237. [PMID: 27873811 PMCID: PMC3705501 DOI: 10.3390/s8095229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor is introduced as a tool applicable for diagnosis of intoxication by cholinesterase inhibitors caused by the well-known nerve agent VX. The traditional Ellman method was chosen for comparison with the sensor's analytical parameters. Both methods are based on estimation of blood cholinesterase inhibition as a marker of intoxication. While Ellman´s method provided a limit of detection of 5.2´10-7 M for blood containing VX, the electrochemical sensor was able to detect 4.0´10-7 M. Good correlation between both methods was observed (R = 0.92). The electrochemical sensor could be considered a convenient tool for a fast yet accurate method, easily available for field as well as laboratory use. Time and cost savings are key features of the sensor-based assay.
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Pohanka M, Kuca K, Jun D. Sensor System Based on Acetylcholinesterase in Homogenous Phase for Analysis of Paraoxon. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802240842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gué AM, Lattes A, Laurent E, Mauzac M, Mingotaud AF. Characterization of recognition sites for diethyl 4-nitrobenzylphosphonate, an organophosphate pesticide analogue. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 614:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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