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Hellmann C, Costa RD, Schmitz OJ. How to Deal with Mercury in Sediments? A Critical Review About Used Methods for the Speciation of Mercury in Sediments. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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2
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Denmark IS, Begu E, Arslan Z, Han FX, Seiter-Moser JM, Pierce EM. Removal of inorganic mercury by selective extraction and coprecipitation for determination of methylmercury in mercury-contaminated soils by chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CVG-ICP-MS). Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1041:68-77. [PMID: 30340692 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A procedure is developed for selective extraction of methylmercury (CH3Hg+) from heavily Hg-contaminated soils and sediments for determination by chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CVG-ICP-MS). Soils artificially contaminated with 40 μg g-1 inorganic mercury (Hg2+) or methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl) were agitated by shaking or exposing to ultrasounds in dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) or nitric acid (HNO3) solutions at room temperature. Extractions in HCl (5 or 10% v/v) resulted in substantial leaching of Hg2+ from soils, whereas 5% (v/v) HNO3 provided selectivity for quantitative extraction of CH3Hg+ with minimum Hg2+ leaching. Agitation with ultrasounds in 5% (v/v) HNO3 for about 3 min was sufficient for extraction of all CH3Hg+ from soils. Coprecipitations with Fe(OH)3, Bi(OH)3 and HgS were investigated for removal of residual Hg2+ in soil extracts. Hydroxide precipitations were not effective. Thiourea or l-cysteine added to soil extracts prior to hydroxide precipitation improved precipitation of Hg2+, but also resulted in removal of CH3Hg+. HgS precipitation was made with dilute ammonium sulfide solution, (NH4)2S. Adding 30 μL of 0.35 mol L-1 (NH4)2S to soil extracts in 5% (v/v) HNO3 resulted in removal of all residual Hg2+ without impacting CH3Hg+ levels. Vapor generation was carried out by reacting Hg2+-free soil extracts with 1% (m/v) NaBH4. No significant interferences were observed from (NH4)2S on the vapor generation from CH3Hg+. The slopes of the calibration curves for CH3HgCl standard solutions in 5% (v/v) HNO3 with and without (NH4)2S were similar. Limits of detection (LOD, 3s method) were around 0.08 μg L-1 for 5% (v/v) HNO3 blanks (n = 10) and 0.10 μg L-1 for 5% (v/v) HNO3 + 0.005 mol L-1 (NH4)2S blanks (n = 10). Percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) for five replicate measurements varied between 3.1% and 6.4% at 1.0 CH3HgCl level. The method is validated by analysis of two certified reference materials (CRM); purely Methylmercury sediment (SQC1238, 10.00 ± 0.291 ng g-1 CH3Hg+) and Hg-contaminated Estuarine sediment (ERM - CC580, 75 ± 4 ng g-1 CH3Hg+ and 132 ± 3 μg g-1 total Hg). CH3Hg+ values for SQC1238 were between 13.0 and 13.2 ng g-1, and 79 and 81 ng g-1 for ERM - CC580. Hg-contaminated soils (57-96 μg g-1 total Hg) collected from the floodplains of Oak Ridge, TN were analyzed for CH3Hg+ using the procedure by CVG-ICPMS. CH3Hg+ levels ranged from 30 to 51 ng g-1 and did not correlate with total Hg levels (R2 = 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris S Denmark
- Jackson State University, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Ermira Begu
- Jackson State University, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Zikri Arslan
- Jackson State University, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
| | - Fengxiang X Han
- Jackson State University, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Jennifer M Seiter-Moser
- Environmental Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Eric M Pierce
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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3
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Carbon nanotubes magnetic hybrid nanocomposites for a rapid and selective preconcentration and clean-up of mercury species in water samples. Talanta 2018; 179:442-447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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4
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Arrifano GPF, Martín-Doimeadios RCR, Jiménez-Moreno M, Ramírez-Mateos V, da Silva NFS, Souza-Monteiro JR, Augusto-Oliveira M, Paraense RSO, Macchi BM, do Nascimento JLM, Crespo-Lopez ME. Large-scale projects in the amazon and human exposure to mercury: The case-study of the Tucuruí Dam. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:299-305. [PMID: 28858702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Tucuruí Dam is one of the largest dams ever built in the Amazon. The area is not highly influenced by gold mining as a source of mercury contamination. Still, we recently noted that one of the most consumed fishes (Cichla sp.) is possibly contaminated with methylmercury. Therefore, this work evaluated the mercury content in the human population living near the Tucuruí Dam. Strict exclusion/inclusion criteria were applied for the selection of participants avoiding those with altered hepatic and/or renal functions. Methylmercury and total mercury contents were analyzed in hair samples. The median level of total mercury in hair was above the safe limit (10µg/g) recommended by the World Health Organization, with values up to 75µg/g (about 90% as methylmercury). A large percentage of the participants (57% and 30%) showed high concentrations of total mercury (≥ 10µg/g and ≥ 20µg/g, respectively), with a median value of 12.0µg/g. These are among the highest concentrations ever detected in populations living near Amazonian dams. Interestingly, the concentrations are relatively higher than those currently shown for human populations highly influenced by gold mining areas. Although additional studies are needed to confirm the possible biomagnification and bioaccumulation of mercury by the dams in the Amazon, our data already support the importance of adequate impact studies and continuous monitoring. More than 400 hydropower dams are operational or under construction in the Amazon, and an additional 334 dams are presently planned/proposed. Continuous monitoring of the populations will assist in the development of prevention strategies and government actions to face the problem of the impacts caused by the dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P F Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rosa C Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45.071 Toledo, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45.071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Ramírez-Mateos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45.071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Núbia F S da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - José Rogério Souza-Monteiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S O Paraense
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Barbarella M Macchi
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - José Luiz M do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.
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Álvarez CR, Jiménez-Moreno M, Bernardo FJG, Martín-Doimeadios RCR, Nevado JJB. Using species-specific enriched stable isotopes to study the effect of fresh mercury inputs in soil-earthworm systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:192-199. [PMID: 28843190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The fate of mercury (Hg) in the soil-earthworm system is still far from being fully understood, especially regarding recurrent and challenging questions about the importance of the reactivity of exogenous Hg species. Thus, to predict the potential effect of Hg inputs in terrestrial ecosystems, it is necessary to evaluate separately the reactivity of the endogenous and exogenous Hg species and, for this purpose, the use of enriched stable isotope tracers is a promising tool. In the present work, earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) were exposed to historically Hg contaminated soils from the Almadén mining district, Spain. The soils were either non-spiked, which contain only endogenous or native Hg naturally occurring in the soil, or spiked with isotopically enriched inorganic Hg (199IHg), representing exogenous or spiked Hg apart from the native one. The differential reactivity of endogenous and exogenous Hg in the soil conditioned the processes of methylation, mobilization, and assimilation of inorganic Hg by earthworms. Both endogenous and exogenous Hg species also behave distinctly regarding their bioaccumulation in earthworms, as suggested by the bioaccumulation factors, being the endogenous methylmercury (MeHg) the species more readily bioaccumulated by earthworms and in a higher extent. To the best of our knowledge, this work demonstrates for the first time the potential of enriched stable isotopes to study the effects of fresh Hg inputs in soil-earthworm systems. The findings of this work can be taken as a case study on the dynamics of Hg species in complex terrestrial systems and open a new door for future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rodríguez Álvarez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - M Jiménez-Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - F J Guzmán Bernardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - R C Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - J J Berzas Nevado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E-16071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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6
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Jiménez-Moreno M, Lominchar MÁ, Sierra MJ, Millán R, Martín-Doimeadios RCR. Fast method for the simultaneous determination of monomethylmercury and inorganic mercury in rice and aquatic plants. Talanta 2018; 176:102-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Kodamatani H, Maeda C, Balogh SJ, Nollet YH, Kanzaki R, Tomiyasu T. The influence of sample drying and storage conditions on methylmercury determination in soils and sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:380-386. [PMID: 28129615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The separate influences of drying and storage conditions on methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in soil and sediment samples were investigated. Concentrations of MeHg and total Hg were determined in various soil and sediment samples that had been stored or dried under differing conditions. The influence of drying conditions (oven-drying (40 °C) versus freeze-drying) on MeHg concentrations in marine sediments, river sediments, soils, and paddy field soils was investigated (n = 43). The ratio of the MeHg concentration in oven-dried sub-samples divided by the concentration in freeze-dried sub-samples ranged from 0 to 336%. In order to confirm the production of MeHg during storage in some samples, Hg2+ was added at 15 mg kg-1 to a paddy soil, and the sample was then stored at 30 °C. The concentrations of MeHg at 1-h, 1-day, 4-days and 7-days after Hg2+ spiking were 2.0 ± 0.1, 13.8 ± 1.0, 36.0 ± 5.0, and 24.9 ± 1.6 μg kg-1 (n = 3), respectively. The concentration of MeHg at 4-days after Hg spiking and sterilizing (121 °C, 30 min) was 1.8 μg kg-1, similar to the original value. These results indicate that bacterial Hg methylation and MeHg demethylation occurred within days in the soil. In addition, tests of the stability of MeHg in wet and dry samples during storage were also performed. Overall, our results indicate that the best way to preserve MeHg in soil and sediment samples is to freeze the samples immediately after collection, followed subsequently by freeze-drying, grinding, homogenization, and storage of the dry material in cool, dark conditions until analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Maeda
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Steven J Balogh
- Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, 2400 Childs Road, St. Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Yabing H Nollet
- Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, 2400 Childs Road, St. Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Ryo Kanzaki
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomiyasu
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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8
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Kodamatani H, Balogh SJ, Nollet YH, Matsuyama A, Fajon V, Horvat M, Tomiyasu T. An inter-laboratory comparison of different analytical methods for the determination of monomethylmercury in various soil and sediment samples: A platform for method improvement. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:32-39. [PMID: 27855329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An inter-laboratory study was conducted to compare results from different analytical methods for monomethylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in 17 soil and sediment samples. The samples were collected from mercury-contaminated areas, including Minamata Bay and Kagoshima Bay in Japan, the Idrija mercury mine in Slovenia, and an artisanal small-scale gold mining area in Indonesia. The Hg in these samples comes from several different sources: industrial waste from an acetaldehyde production facility, volcanic activity, Hg mining activity, and artisanal and small-scale gold mining activity (ASGM). MeHg concentrations in all the samples were measured in four separate laboratories, using three different determination methods: Kagoshima University (Japan), using high-performance liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence detection (HPLC-CL); National Institute for Minamata Disease (Japan), using gas chromatography-electron capture detection; and Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (USA) and Jozef Stefan Institute (Slovenia), both using alkylation-gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection. The methods gave comparable MeHg results for most of the samples tested, but for some samples, the results exhibited significant variability depending on the method used. The HPLC-CL method performed poorly when applied to samples with elevated sulfur concentrations, producing MeHg concentrations that were much lower than those from the other methods. Additional analytical work demonstrated the elimination of this sulfur interference when the method was modified to bind sulfur prior to the analytical step by using Hg2+ as a masking agent. These results demonstrate the value of laboratory intercomparison exercises in contributing to the improvement of analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Steven J Balogh
- Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, 2400 Childs Road, St. Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Yabing H Nollet
- Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, 2400 Childs Road, St. Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Akito Matsuyama
- National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
| | - Vesna Fajon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Takashi Tomiyasu
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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9
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Reis AT, Davidson CM, Vale C, Pereira E. Overview and challenges of mercury fractionation and speciation in soils. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Amiri M, Salehniya H, Habibi-Yangjeh A. Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Chitosan Composite for Adsorption and Electrochemical Determination of Mercury in Real Samples. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah Street, 11365-9161 Ardabil, Iran
| | - Haneie Salehniya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah Street, 11365-9161 Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah Street, 11365-9161 Ardabil, Iran
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12
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Leng G, Chen W, Wang Y. Speciation analysis of mercury in sediments using ionic-liquid-based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2684-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Leng
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
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13
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Farahi A, Lahrich S, Achak M, Bakasse M, El Mhammedi M. Effect of KNO3 to remove silver interferences in the determination of mercury(II): Application in milk and breast milk samples. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Reis AT, Duarte AC, Henriques B, Coelho C, Lopes CB, Mieiro CL, Tavares DS, Ahmad I, Coelho JP, Rocha LS, Cruz N, Monteiro RJ, Rocha R, Rodrigues S, Pereira E. An international proficiency test as a tool to evaluate mercury determination in environmental matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carrasco L, Vassileva E. Determination of methylmercury in marine sediment samples: method validation and occurrence data. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 853:167-178. [PMID: 25467456 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The determination of methylmercury (MeHg) in sediment samples is a difficult task due to the extremely low MeHg/THg (total mercury) ratio and species interconversion. Here, we present the method validation of a cost-effective fit-for-purpose analytical procedure for the measurement of MeHg in sediments, which is based on aqueous phase ethylation, followed by purge and trap and hyphenated gas chromatography-pyrolysis-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (GC-Py-AFS) separation and detection. Four different extraction techniques, namely acid and alkaline leaching followed by solvent extraction and evaporation, microwave-assisted extraction with 2-mercaptoethanol, and acid leaching, solvent extraction and back extraction into sodium thiosulfate, were examined regarding their potential to selectively extract MeHg from estuarine sediment IAEA-405 certified reference material (CRM). The procedure based on acid leaching with HNO3/CuSO4, solvent extraction and back extraction into Na2S2O3 yielded the highest extraction recovery, i.e., 94±3% and offered the possibility to perform the extraction of a large number of samples in a short time, by eliminating the evaporation step. The artifact formation of MeHg was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), using isotopically enriched Me(201)Hg and (202)Hg and it was found to be nonexistent. A full validation approach in line with ISO 17025 and Eurachem guidelines was followed. With this in mind, blanks, selectivity, working range (1-800 pg), linearity (0.9995), recovery (94-96%), repeatability (3%), intermediate precision (4%), limit of detection (0.45 pg) and limit of quantification (0.85 pg) were systematically assessed with CRM IAEA-405. The uncertainty budget was calculated and the major contribution to the combined uncertainty (16.24%, k=2) was found to arise from the uncertainty associated with recovery (74.1%). Demonstration of traceability of measurement results is also presented. The validated measurement procedure was applied to the determination of MeHg incurred in sediments from a highly polluted and scarcely studied area in the Caribbean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carrasco
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
| | - Emilia Vassileva
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco.
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Kadlecova M, Daye M, Ouddane B. Improvement in Determination of Methylmercury in Sediments by Headspace Trap Gas Chromatography and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry after Organic Extraction and Aqueous Phase Ethylation. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.848364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Sysalová J, Kučera J, Fikrle M, Drtinová B. Determination of the total mercury in contaminated soils by direct solid sampling atomic absorption spectrometry using an AMA-254 device and radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Park CH, Eom Y, Lee LJE, Lee TG. Simple and accessible analytical methods for the determination of mercury in soil and coal samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:9-13. [PMID: 23683353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple and accessible analytical methods compared to conventional methods such as US EPA Method 7471B and ASTM-D6414 for the determination of mercury (Hg) in soil and coal samples are proposed. The new methods are consisted of fewer steps without the Hg oxidizing step consequently eliminating a step necessary to reduce excess oxidant. In the proposed methods, a Hg extraction is an inexpensive and accessible step utilizing a disposable test tube and a heating block instead of an expensive autoclave vessel and a specially-designed microwave. Also, a common laboratory vacuum filtration was used for the extracts instead of centrifugation. As for the optimal conditions, first, best acids for extracting Hg from soil and coal samples was investigated using certified reference materials (CRMs). Among common laboratory acids (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, and aqua regia), aqua regia was most effective for the soil CRM whereas HNO3 was for the coal CRM. Next, the optimal heating temperature and time for Hg extraction were evaluated. The most effective Hg extraction was obtained at 120°C for 30min for soil CRM and at 70°C for 90min for coal CRM. Further tests using selected CRMs showed that all the measured values were within the allowable certification range. Finally, actual soil and coal samples were analyzed using the new methods and the US EPA Method 7473. The relative standard deviation values of 1.71-6.55% for soil and 0.97-12.11% for coal samples were obtained proving that the proposed methods were not only simple and accessible but also accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Hee Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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Rieder SR, Brunner I, Daniel O, Liu B, Frey B. Methylation of mercury in earthworms and the effect of mercury on the associated bacterial communities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61215. [PMID: 23577209 PMCID: PMC3618111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury compounds are very toxic for most organisms. Here, we investigated the potential of earthworms to methylate inorganic-Hg. We hypothesized that the anaerobic and nutrient-rich conditions in the digestive tracts of earthworm's promote the methylation of Hg through the action of their gut bacteria. Earthworms were either grown in sterile soils treated with an inorganic (HgCl2) or organic (CH3HgCl) Hg source, or were left untreated. After 30 days of incubation, the total-Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations in the soils, earthworms, and their casts were analyzed. The impact of Hg on the bacterial community compositions in earthworms was also studied. Tissue concentrations of methyl-Hg in earthworms grown in soils treated with inorganic-Hg were about six times higher than in earthworms grown in soils without Hg. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in the soils and earthworm casts remained at significantly lower levels suggesting that Hg was mainly methylated in the earthworms. Bacterial communities in earthworms were mostly affected by methyl-Hg treatment. Terminal-restriction fragments (T-RFs) affiliated to Firmicutes were sensitive to inorganic and methyl-Hg, whereas T-RFs related to Betaproteobacteria were tolerant to the Hg treatments. Sulphate-reducing bacteria were detected in earthworms but not in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Raphael Rieder
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Otto Daniel
- Ecotoxicology Group, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Bian Liu
- Medicine-Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Beat Frey
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Bernalte E, Marín Sánchez C, Pinilla Gil E. High-Throughput Mercury Monitoring in Indoor Dust Microsamples by Bath Ultrasonic Extraction and Anodic Stripping Voltammetry on Gold Nanoparticles-Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Berzas Nevado J, Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios R, Guzmán Bernardo F, Rodríguez Fariñas N, Patiño Ropero M. Mercury speciation analysis in terrestrial animal tissues. Talanta 2012; 99:859-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Leng G, Yin H, Li S, Chen Y, Dan D. Speciation analysis of mercury in sediments using vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 99:631-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Chen Q, Liu X, Xu L, Sun L, Yan H, Liu Y, Luo Y, Huang J. High levels of methylmercury in guano and ornithogenic coral sand sediments on Xisha islands, South China sea. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 63:177-88. [PMID: 22614866 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the distribution and main source of methylmercury in ornithogenic coral sand sediments and pure guano collected from Guangjin and Jinqing islets of the South China Sea. Results showed that the levels of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg), as well as the percentage of MeHg relative to THg (%MeHg), are high in both fresh and ancient guano samples. %MeHg in ancient guano exceeded 70 %, much greater than that in fresh seabird droppings (~45 %). These results suggest that excretion through feces likely plays an important role in the cycling of MeHg by seabirds. Guano has been identified as the major source of MeHg in the ornithogenic coral sand sediments in the Xisha Islands. The close relationship between MeHg and guano-derived phosphorus has weakened considerably since 1840 AD. This is probably caused by a significant increase in THg and MeHg in modern guano samples due to the recent increase of Hg pollution. %MeHg in the ornithogenic coral sand sediments is extremely high, ranging from 10 to 30 % (average 20 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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24
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Determination and speciation of mercury in environmental and biological samples by analytical atomic spectrometry. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Kadlecová M, Ouddane B, Dočekalová H. Speciation of mercury in the strongly polluted sediments of the Deûle River (France). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:961-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em10561f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jiang S, Liu X, Chen Q. Distribution of total mercury and methylmercury in lake sediments in Arctic Ny-Ålesund. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 83:1108-1116. [PMID: 21306754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The toxicities and bioavailabilities of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic systems have made them the subjects of recent research. In this study, we collected a lake sediment core from Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard and analyzed the distributions of THg and MeHg in the sediments. The increased trend of THg was caused by anthropogenic contamination since the 14th century through long-range transportation, especially after the industrial era. However, the peak values of Hg in surface sediment samples could be explained by the increased algal scavenging process in recent decades. All the biogeochemical proxies (e.g., pigments and diatom biomass) revealed recent sharp increases in aquatic primary production due to the current climate warming. Rock-Eval analyses indicated that algal-derived organic matter took up a large portion, and quantitative calculation showed that 89.6-95.8% of the Hg in post-1950 could be explained by scavenging. The distribution of MeHg has a close relationship with total Hg and organic matter. The oxidation-reduction condition is one of the possible factors affecting the methylation rates in H2 lake sediments. Higher algal productivity and organic matter actually led to the increased trend of methylation in the uppermost sediment. This study supports some new key hypotheses on climate-driven factors affecting Hg and MeHg cycling in High Arctic lake sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Institute of Polar Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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Park M, Yoon H, Yoon C, Yu JY. Estimation of mercury speciation in soil standard reference materials with different extraction methods by ion chromatography coupled with ICP-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2011; 33 Suppl 1:49-56. [PMID: 21046427 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-010-9363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods for the speciation of mercury, based on microwave extraction and sonication extraction, have been tested to determine the inorganic mercury and methyl mercury contents in two standard soil reference materials: SRM 2710 Montana Soil and BCR 580 estuarine sediment. Prior to applying the speciation extraction methods, the mineral compositions were analyzed via XRD analysis, with SRM 2710 shown to be composed mostly of aluminum silicate minerals, while carbonate minerals were the major constituent in BCR 580. Two extraction methods, microwave and sonication, were tested for the analysis and recovery efficiency of total mercury. The accuracy and efficiency of each extraction method was also compared. In the analysis of total mercury, the microwave extraction method, with using methanol and HCl as extractants, was better for SRM2710, while the application of the sonication extraction method was more efficient for the calcite-based BCR 580. The results showed good separation and recovery efficiencies, with values reaching 100% of those estimated. The sonication method was selected for the speciation of mercury, especially in BCR 580. An extraction solution comprising of a 1:1 mixture of methanol and HCl was used for the sonication extraction of BCR 580, with the resulting extractants analyzed by IC-HG-ICP-MS for methyl mercury and inorganic mercury. As a simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate method, sonication extraction was found to be satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Korea
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GAO E, LIU J. Rapid Determination of Mercury Species in Sewage Sludge by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography On-line Coupled with Cold-Vapor Atomic-Fluorescence Spectrometry after Ultrasound-assisted Extraction. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:637-41. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erle GAO
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University
| | - Jianshe LIU
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University
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Reyes LH, Mar JLG, Hernández-Ramírez A, Peralta-Hernández JM, Barbosa JMA, Kingston HMS. Microwave assisted extraction for mercury speciation analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas H. Bings
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium, and Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium, and Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - José A. C. Broekaert
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium, and Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Chen L, Zeng Q, Wang H, Su R, Xu Y, Zhang X, Yu A, Zhang H, Ding L. On-line coupling of dynamic microwave-assisted extraction to solid-phase extraction for the determination of sulfonamide antibiotics in soil. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 648:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Berzas Nevado JJ, Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios RC, Moreno MJ. Mercury speciation in the Valdeazogues River-La Serena Reservoir system: influence of Almadén (Spain) historic mining activities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:2372-2382. [PMID: 19167027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) speciation and partitioning have been investigated in a river-reservoir system impacted by the Almadén mining activities, the world's largest Hg district. This study is the first to simultaneously investigate Hg dynamics from above the mining district and into the La Serena Reservoir (3219 Hm(3)), being the third largest reservoir in Europe and the largest in Spain. Water, sediment and biota were sampled at different seasons during a 2-year study from the Valdeazogues River, which flows east-west from the mining District, to La Serena Reservoir. Simultaneously, a comprehensive study was undertaken to determine the influence of some major physico-chemical parameters that potentially influence the fate of Hg within the watershed. Concentrations of dissolved Hg in water were below 0.14 microg/L, whereas particulate Hg ranged from 0.1 to 87 microg/g, with significant seasonal variation. Total Hg concentrations varied from 7 to 74 microg/g in sediment from the Valdeazogues River, while in sediments from La Serena Reservoir were below 2 microg/g. On the other hand, methyl-Hg reached concentrations up to 0.3 ng/L in water and 6 ng/g in sediment from La Serena Reservoir, whereas maximum concentrations in Valdeazogues River were 5 ng/L and 880 ng/g in water and sediment, respectively. The distribution of Hg species in the Valdeazogues River-La Serena Reservoir system indicated a source of Hg from the mine waste distributed along the river. Total Hg in water was strongly correlated with total dissolved solids and chlorophyll a concentrations, whereas organic carbon and Fe concentrations seem to play a role in methylation of inorganic Hg in sediment. Total Hg concentrations were low in fish from Valdeazogues River (0.8-8.6 ng/g, wet weight) and bivalves from La Serena Reservoir (10-110 ng/g, wet weight), but most was present as methyl-Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Berzas Nevado
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Robust microwave-assisted extraction protocol for determination of total mercury and methylmercury in fish tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 631:121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Fractionation studies of mercury in soils and sediments: A review of the chemical reagents used for mercury extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 631:1-12. [PMID: 19046672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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