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Ngernpradab P, Wongravee K, Srisa-Art M. A rapid and facile immunoassay for C-reactive protein using PDMS-based digital magnetofluidics. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1321:343044. [PMID: 39155093 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein has been reported as a biomarker of inflammation caused by acute injury, infection or tissue damage and also a prediction marker of cardiovascular diseases. Commonly, the gold standard for the detection of CRP is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Normally, traditional immunoassays in multiwell plates typically suffer from prolonged assay time due to slow mass transport controlled by diffusion. Herein, a PDMS based magnetofluidic approach has been applied for a rapid and facile immunoassay using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the analysis of CRP. RESULTS Due to the superhydrophobic PDMS, droplets of reagent and sample solutions were obtained when pipetting all solutions onto the PDMS substrate. These droplets were individually controlled by an external magnet to perform the assays. Magnetic beads immobilized with a capture antibody were not only used for immunomagnetic separation (IMS) of the captured CRP from the sample matrix, but also used as a carrier for droplet movement on the magnetofluidic device, expediting the immunoassay procedure, especially washing steps. The immunoassay of CRP was successfully performed within 1 h with a limit of detection of 0.015 mg L-1 in the concentration range of 0.1-10 mg L-1. The recovery percentages of CRP spiked in human serum were found in the range of 90-114 % with %RSD of less than 5 %, indicating acceptable accuracy and precision. SIGNIFICANCE By individually controlling the droplet movement using an external magnet, all steps of immunoassays were simply and rapidly performed. In addition, the microfluidic format allows for small volumes of reagents and samples and rapid assay kinetics. Therefore, the proposed magnetofluidic approach has shown its potential of becoming a rapid, facile and cost-effective method to perform traditional immunoassays in a variety of applications. In addition, the proposed approach is also particularly well-suited for analyses/reactions with multiple steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakakan Ngernpradab
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanet Wongravee
- A Sensor Research Unit (SRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Network NANOTEC-CU on Advanced Structural and Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Monpichar Srisa-Art
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Wang X, Fei Q, Yuan T. The diagnostic value of salivary C-reactive protein in neonatal infections: a meta-analysis. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02328-4. [PMID: 38904890 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE C-reactive protein (CRP), as an acute phase protein, is a sensitive indicator of neonatal bacterial infection. Some recent studies have shown that there is a correlation between CRP levels in serum and saliva, and using saliva to detect CRP levels is expected to be an ideal and non-invasive method to predict neonatal infection. The purpose of this Meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic value of salivary CRP for neonatal infection. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases in October 2023 and included observational studies that examined salivary CRP in newborns with bacterial infections. Data was extracted regarding the methodology, participant characteristics, and outcome measures. RESULTS Nine articles were included, with a total of 696 newborns. Salivary CRP levels are significantly higher in neonates with infections compared to non-infected group (SMD = 0.58, 95%CI [0.40-0.76], P < 0.001). The accuracy for salivary CRP to predict serum CRP abnormality is high (sensitivity 86%, specificity 88%, area under the curve = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggested that salivary CRP can be used as an alternative biomarker to serum CRP for detecting neonatal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Tianming Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Du Z, Chen L, Yang S. Advancements in the research of finger-actuated POCT chips. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:65. [PMID: 38158397 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic point-of-care testing (POCT) chips are used to enable the mixing and reaction of small sample volumes, facilitating target molecule detection. Traditional methods for actuating POCT chips rely on external pumps or power supplies, which are complex and non-portable. The development of finger-actuated chips has reduced operational difficulty and improved portability, promoting the development of POCT chips. This paper reviews the significance, developments, and potential applications of finger-actuated POCT chips. Three methods for controlling the flow accuracy of finger-actuated chips are summarized: direct push, indirect control, and sample injection control method, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile, a comprehensive analysis of multi-fluid driving modes is provided, categorizing them into single-push multi-driving and multi-push multi-driving modes. Furthermore, recent research breakthroughs in finger-actuated chips are thoroughly summarized, and their structures, driving, and detection methods are discussed. Finally, this paper discusses the driving performance of finger-actuated chips, the suitability of detection scenarios, and the compatibility with existing detection technologies. It also provides prospects for the future development and application of finger-actuated POCT chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Du
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Shaohui Yang
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Renewable Energy Equipment of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Cleaning Utilization and Development of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361021, China
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4
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Moon S. Extending the Shelf-Life of Immunoassay-Based Microfluidic Chips through Freeze-Drying Sublimation Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8524. [PMID: 37896617 PMCID: PMC10610996 DOI: 10.3390/s23208524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms utilizing immunoassay-based microfluidic chips offer a robust and specific method for detecting target antibodies, demonstrating a wide range of applications in various medical and research settings. Despite their versatility and specificity, the adoption of these immunoassay chips in POCT has been limited by their short shelf-life in liquid environments, attributed to the degradation of immobilized antibodies. This technical limitation presents a barrier, particularly for resource-limited settings where long-term storage and functionality are critical. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel freeze-dry sublimation process aimed at extending the shelf-life of these microfluidic chips without compromising their functional integrity. This study elaborates on the mechanisms by which freeze-drying preserves the bioactivity of the immobilized antibodies, thereby maintaining the chip's performance over an extended period. Our findings reveal significant shelf-life extension, making it possible for these POCT platforms to be more widely adopted and practically applied, especially in settings with limited resources. This research paves the way for more accessible, long-lasting, and effective POCT solutions, breaking down previous barriers to adoption and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Moon
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Changwon 51391, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; ; Tel.: +82-55-250-7304; Fax: +82-55-250-7399
- Cybernetics Imaging Systems Co., Ltd., Changwon 51391, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Okpozo P, Dwivedi Y, Huo D, Pancholi K. Enhancement of infrared absorption through a patterned thin film of magnetic field and spin-coating directed self-assembly of gold nanoparticle stabilised ferrofluid emulsion. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23955-23966. [PMID: 37577102 PMCID: PMC10413183 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01369c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular vibration signals were amplified by the gold strip gratings as a result of grating resonances and nearby electric field hotspots. Colloidal gold island films exhibit similar enhancement; however, the uneven geometrical characteristics of these films restrict the tunability of the vibrational enhancement. Infrared absorption is enhanced by regular metallic patterns such as arrays of strips fabricated using a top-down approach such as nanolithography, although this technology is expensive and difficult. The significant infrared absorption may serve as tuneable antenna sensitization to improve the sensor performance. In this article, we present a simple one-step process for fabricating optically sensitive ordered arrays of a gold nanoparticle ferrofluid emulsion in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using a magnetic field-directed and spin-coating self-assembly (MDSCSA) process. Techniques such as UV-visible absorption, scanning electron microscopy, and grazing-angle infrared spectroscopy were used to evaluate various parameters associated with the nanostructures. Unlike the gold strips, the chain-like features in the iron oxide nanoparticle arrays were discontinuous. The fabricated chain-like ordered arrays have been shown to increase the local field to enhance the infrared absorption corresponding to the symmetric vibration of the -CH2 (2918 cm-1) group present in PVA by ∼667% at a 45° grazing angle, as the chain thickness (CT) increased by 178%. This scalable and simple method can potentially generate low-cost patterns for antenna sensitisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Okpozo
- School of Engineering, Sir Ian Wood Building, Robert Gordon University Garthdee Aberdeen AB10 7GJ UK
| | - Yashashchandra Dwivedi
- Physics Department, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Kurukshetra 136119 India
| | - Dehong Huo
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University Newcastle NE1 7RU UK
| | - Ketan Pancholi
- School of Engineering, Sir Ian Wood Building, Robert Gordon University Garthdee Aberdeen AB10 7GJ UK
- Advanced Materials Group, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University Aberdeen UK
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Ren Y, Tian R, Wang T, Cao J, Li J, Deng A. An Extremely Highly Sensitive ELISA in pg mL -1 Level Based on a Newly Produced Monoclonal Antibody for the Detection of Ochratoxin A in Food Samples. Molecules 2023; 28:5743. [PMID: 37570711 PMCID: PMC10420233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an extremely highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a newly produced monoclonal antibody (mAb) for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in food samples was developed. OTA-Bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate was prepared and used as the immunogen for the production of the mAb. Among four hybridoma clones (8B10, 5C2, 9B7, and 5E11), the antibody from 8B10 displayed the highest affinity recognition for OTA. Based on the mAb (8B10), the IC50 and LOD of the ELISA for OTA were 34.8 pg mL-1 and 1.5 pg mL-1, respectively, which was 1.53~147 times lower than those in published ELISAs, indicating the ultra-sensitivity of our assay. There was no cross-reactivity of the mAb with the other four mycotoxins (AFB1, ZEN, DON, and T-2). Due to the high similarity in molecular structures among OTA, ochratoxin B (OTB), and ochratoxin C (OTC), the CR values of the mAb with OTB and OTC were 96.67% and 22.02%, respectively. Taking this advantage, the ELISA may be able to evaluate total ochratoxin levels in food samples. The recoveries of the ELISA for OTA in spiked samples (corn, wheat, and feed) were 96.5-110.8%, 89.5-94.4%, and 91.8-113.3%; and the RSDs were 5.2-13.6%, 8.2-13.0%, and 7.7-13.7% (n = 3), respectively. The spiked food samples (corn) were measured by ELISA and HPLC-FLD simultaneously. A good correlation between ELISA (x) and HPLC-FLD (y) with the linear regression equation of y = 0.918x - 0.034 (R2 = 0.985, n = 5) was obtained. These results demonstrated that the newly produced mAb-based ELISA was a feasible and ultra-sensitive analytical method for the detection of OTA in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.R.); (R.T.); (T.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.R.); (R.T.); (T.W.); (J.C.)
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Wang S, Li B, McLeod D, Li Z. A handheld plug-and-play microfluidic liquid handling automation platform for immunoassays. HARDWAREX 2023; 14:e00420. [PMID: 37153756 PMCID: PMC10160774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip technologies and microfluidics have pushed miniaturized liquid handling to unprecedented precision, integration, and automation, which improved the reaction efficiency of immunoassays. However, most microfluidic immunoassay systems still require bulky infrastructures, such as external pressure sources, pneumatic systems, and complex manual tubing and interface connections. Such requirements prevent plug-and-play operation at the point-of-care (POC) settings. Here we present a fully automated handheld general microfluidic liquid handling automation platform with a plug-and-play 'clamshell-style' cartridge socket, a miniature electro-pneumatic controller, and injection-moldable plastic cartridges. The system achieved multi-reagent switching, metering, and timing control on the valveless cartridge using electro-pneumatic pressure control. As a demonstration, a SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody sandwich fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) liquid handling was performed on an acrylic cartridge without human intervention after sample introduction. A fluorescence microscope was used to analyze the result. The assay showed a limit of detection at 31.1 ng/mL, comparable to some previously reported enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In addition to automated liquid handling on the cartridge, the system can operate as a 6-port pressure source for external microfluidic chips. A rechargeable battery with a 12 V 3000 mAh capacity can power the system for 42 h. The footprint of the system is 16.5 × 10.5 × 7 cm, and the weight is 801 g, including the battery. The system can find many other POC and research applications requiring complex liquid manipulation, such as molecular diagnostics, cell analysis, and on-demand biomanufacturing.
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8
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Microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115313. [PMID: 36868029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics enables the integration of whole protocols performed in a laboratory, including sample loading, reaction, extraction, and measurement steps on a single system, which offers significant advantages thanks to small-scale operation combined with precise fluid control. These include providing efficient transportation mechanisms and immobilization, reduced sample and reagent volumes, fast analysis and response times, lower power requirements, lower cost and disposability, improved portability and sensitivity, and greater integration and automation capability. Immunoassay is a specific bioanalytical method based on the interaction of antigens and antibodies, which is utilized to detect bacteria, viruses, proteins, and small molecules in several areas such as biopharmaceutical analysis, environmental analysis, food safety, and clinical diagnostics. Because of the advantages of both techniques, the combination of immunoassays and microfluidic technology is considered one of the most potential biosensor systems for blood samples. This review presents the current progress and important developments in microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. After providing several basic information about blood analysis, immunoassays, and microfluidics, the review points out in-depth information about microfluidic platforms, detection techniques, and commercial microfluidic blood immunoassay platforms. In conclusion, some thoughts and future perspectives are provided.
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9
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Mohammadinejad A, Heydari M, Kazemi Oskuee R, Rezayi M. A Critical Systematic Review of Developing Aptasensors for Diagnosis and Detection of Diabetes Biomarkers. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 52:1795-1817. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1919986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mohammadinejad
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Heydari
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Yuan Y, Jia H, Wang J. A microfluidic electrochemical sensing platform for in situ detection of trace cadmium ions. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3802-3813. [PMID: 36124994 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among various detection and analysis platforms, a microfluidic chip-based electrochemical sensing detection platform is a new type of detection platform. In this study, a microfluidic electrochemical detection platform for cadmium ion detection is proposed, and the performance of the detection platform is optimized in terms of both the microchannel size and electrode modifications. The detection mixing processes of the detector with different microchannel sizes, including the concentration distribution in the channel, pressure decay variation and electrolyte current density variation in the detector, were investigated by finite element model calculations. The analysis shows that the size of the microchannel in the detector affects the fluid and thus further affects the chemical reaction. If the size of the electrode does not match the size of the microchannel, insufficient sample volume will lead to inaccurate measurements, reduced sensitivity and increased detection limits. It was found that the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor was highest when the size of the microchannel in the chip was 400 μm. After optimization, the optimal detection limit for cadmium ions was 0.03 μg L-1 (S/N = 3). The proposed sensing platform is simple in design and stable in structure, and is suitable for field screening and rapid response to heavy metal contamination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Zhou T, He G, Hu C, Wu K, Liu Y, Li J, Deng A. Development of a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody-based ELISA coupled with immuno-affinity extraction for the detection of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil in blood samples. Talanta 2022; 249:123655. [PMID: 35696979 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective anticancer drug widely used in cancer treatment. In this study, two 5-FU derivatives containing a spacer arm with the carboxylic group at the end were synthesized, which were linked to the carrier proteins to form 5-FU-protein conjugates used as the immunogens for the production of monoclonal antibody (mAb). Based on the produced mAb, the highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 5-FU detection was established. The IC50 and LOD values of the assay were found to be 19.5 ng mL-1 and 0.5 ng mL-1, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity (CR) of the ELISA with cytosine, thymine and uracil, which avoided the interference from inherent pyrimidines. The CR values of the assay with three substitutes of 5-FU (tegafur, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, carmofur) were within 9.7%-17.6%. The produced mAb was also applied in sample extraction. The immuno-affinity column capable specific capturing 5-FU was prepared by immobilizing the mAb on Sepharose-4B gel and filling into a SPE column. The recoveries of 5-FU in spiked samples measured by ELISA were 72.4%-90.7% with RSD of 3.6%-8.3%. Five blood samples collected from patients were extracted by immuno-affinity column, then measured by ELISA and confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS. There was a good correlation between HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA. It is demonstrated that the developed ELISA combined with immuno-affinity extraction can be a powerful alternative method for the detection of 5-FU in blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangzhao He
- Changzhou Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Honghe Road 68, Changzhou, 213032, China
| | - Changjia Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Anping Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Singh AK, Dhiman TK, Lakshmi GBVS, Raj R, Jha SK, Solanki PR. Rapid and label-free detection of Aflatoxin-B1 viamicrofluidic electrochemical biosensor based on manganese (III) oxide (Mn 3O 4) synthesized by co-precipitation route at room temperature. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:285501. [PMID: 35299158 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5ee2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin, naturally occurring in food items, and it causes several types of lethal diseases. Therefore, a rapid and convenient detection method for AFB1 is the first step toward overcoming the effect of AFB1. The current work presents the development of an efficient microfluidic electrochemical-based biosensor using tri-manganese tetroxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4nps) for AFB1 detection. The Mn3O4nps were synthesized at room temperature through the co-precipitation route. Its phase purity, structural and morphological studies have been characterized through x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mask-less UV-lithography was carried out to fabricate the three-electrode chip and microfluidic channel of the microfluidic electrochemical biosensing system. The designed microfluidic immunosensor (BSA/Ab-AFB1/Mn3O4/ITO) was fabricated using the three-electrode chip, microfluidic channel in poly-dimethyl siloxane. The fabricated sensor exhibited the 3.4μA ml ng-1cm-2sensitivity and had the lowest lower detection limit of 0.295 pg ml-1with the detection range of 1 pg ml-1to 300 ng ml-1. Additionally, the spiked study was also performed with this immunoelectrode and a recovery rate was obtained of 108.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi-110067, India
- School of Physical Sciences, JNU, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Dhiman
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi-110067, India
| | - G B V S Lakshmi
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Rishi Raj
- Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110067, India
| | | | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi-110067, India
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VEGF Detection via Simplified FLISA Using a 3D Microfluidic Disk Platform. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11080270. [PMID: 34436072 PMCID: PMC8393963 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) is a commonly used, quantitative technique for detecting biochemical changes based on antigen–antibody binding reactions using a well-plate platform. As the manufacturing technology of microfluidic system evolves, FLISA can be implemented onto microfluidic disk platforms which allows the detection of trace biochemical reactions with high resolutions. Herein, we propose a novel microfluidic system comprising a disk with a three-dimensional incubation chamber, which can reduce the amount of the reagents to 1/10 and the required time for the entire process to less than an hour. The incubation process achieves an antigen–antibody binding reaction as well as the binding of fluorogenic substrates to target proteins. The FLISA protocol in the 3D incubation chamber necessitates performing the antibody-conjugated microbeads’ movement during each step in order to ensure sufficient binding reactions. Vascular endothelial growth factor as concentration with ng mL−1 is detected sequentially using a benchtop process employing this 3D microfluidic disk. The 3D microfluidic disk works without requiring manual intervention or additional procedures for liquid control. During the incubation process, microbead movement is controlled by centrifugal force from the rotating disk and the sedimentation by gravitational force at the tilted floor of the chamber.
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Label-Free, Color-Indicating, Polarizer-Free Dye-Doped Liquid Crystal Microfluidic Polydimethylsiloxane Biosensing Chips for Detecting Albumin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162587. [PMID: 34451126 PMCID: PMC8401794 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We reveal a novel design for dye-doped liquid crystal (DDLC) microfluidic biosensing chips in the polydimethylsiloxane material. With this design chip, the orientation of DDLCs was affected by the interface between the walls of the channels and DDLCs. When the inside of a channel was coated with an N,N-dimethyl-n-octadecyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilyl chloride (DMOAP) alignment layer, the DDLCs oriented homeotropically in a homeotropic (H) state under cross-polarized microscopy. After immobilization of antigens with antibodies on the alignment layer-coated microchannel walls, the optical intensity of the DDLC change from the dark H state to the bright planar (P) state. Using pressure-driven flow, the binding of antigens/antibodies to the DDLCs could be detected in an experimental sequential order. The microfluidic DDLCs were tested by detecting bovine serum albumin (BSA) and its immune-responses of antigens/antibodies. We proved that this immunoassay chip was able to detect BSA antigens/antibodies pairs with the detection limit about 0.5 µg/mL. The novel DDLC chip was shown to be a simple, multi-detection device, and label-free microfluidic chips are presented.
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15
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Salva ML, Rocca M, Niemeyer CM, Delamarche E. Methods for immobilizing receptors in microfluidic devices: A review. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2021.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Analysis of Temperature-Jump Boundary Conditions on Heat Transfer for Heterogeneous Microfluidic Immunosensors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103502. [PMID: 34069780 PMCID: PMC8157299 DOI: 10.3390/s21103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to analyze numerically the effect of the temperature-jump boundary condition on heterogeneous microfluidic immunosensors under electrothermal force. A three-dimensional simulation using the finite element method on the binding reaction kinetics of C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed. The kinetic reaction rate was calculated with coupled Laplace, Navier−Stokes, energy, and mass diffusion equations. Two types of reaction surfaces were studied: one in the form of a disc surrounded by two electrodes and the other in the form of a circular ring, one electrode is located inside the ring and the other outside. The numerical results reveal that the performance of a microfluidic biosensor is enhanced by using the second design of the sensing area (circular ring) coupled with the electrothermal force. The improvement factor under the applied ac field 15 Vrms was about 1.2 for the first geometry and 3.6 for the second geometry. Furthermore, the effect of temperature jump on heat transfer rise and response time was studied. The effect of two crucial parameters, viz. Knudsen number (Kn) and thermal accommodation coefficient (σT) with and without electrothermal effect, were analyzed for the two configurations.
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17
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Sensitive, Color-Indicating and Labeling-Free Multi-Detection Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Biosensing Chips for Detecting Albumin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091463. [PMID: 34062757 PMCID: PMC8125184 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel device for cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC)-based microfluidic chips, accommodated in a polydimethylsiloxane material, was invented. In this device, the reorientation of the CLCs was consistently influenced by the surface of the four channel walls and adjacent CLCs. When the inside of the microchannel was coated with the alignment layer, the CLCs oriented homeotropically in a focal conic state under cross-polarizers. Once antigens had bound onto antibodies immobilized onto the orientation sheet-coated channel walls, the light intensity of the CLC molecules converted from a focal conic state to a bright planar state caused by disrupting the CLCs. By means of utilizing pressure-propelling flow, the attachment of antigen/antibody to the CLCs should be detectable within consecutive sequences. The multi-microfluidic CLC-based chips were verified by measuring bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immune complexes of pairs of BSA antigen/antibody. We showed that the multiple microfluidic immunoassaying can be used for measuring BSA and pairs of antigen/antibody BSA with a detection limit of about 1 ng/mL. The linear range is 0.1 μg/mL–1 mg/mL. A limit of immune detection of pairs of BSA antigens/antibodies was 10 ng/mL of BSA plus 1000 ng/mL of the anti-BSA antibodies was observed. According to this innovative creation of immunoassaying, an unsophisticated multi-detection device with CLC-based labeling-free microfluidic chips is presented.
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18
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Laborie E, Bayle F, Bouville D, Smadja C, Dufour-Gergam E, Ammar M. Surface Biochemical Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for Specific Immune Cytokine Response. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1307-1318. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Laborie
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR 8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Fabien Bayle
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - David Bouville
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Claire Smadja
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR 8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Elisabeth Dufour-Gergam
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Mehdi Ammar
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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19
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Sharafeldin M, Chen T, Ozkaya GU, Choudhary D, Molinolo AA, Gutkind JS, Rusling JF. Detecting cancer metastasis and accompanying protein biomarkers at single cell levels using a 3D-printed microfluidic immunoarray. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112681. [PMID: 33096435 PMCID: PMC7666000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A low-cost microfluidic microarray capable of lysing cells and quantifying proteins released after lysis was designed and 3D-printed. The array lyses cells on-chip in lysis buffer augmented with a 2s pulse of a sonic cell disruptor. Detection of desmoglein 3 (DSG3), a metastatic biomarker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), along with two accompanying HNSCC biomarkers from a single cell lysate of oral cancer cell cultures was demonstrated. A lysis chamber and reagent compartments deliver sample and reagents into detection chambers decorated with capture antibodies immobilized onto inner walls coated with a highly swollen 3D chitosan hydrogel film. Sandwich immunoassays are achieved when captured analytes labeled with biotinylated secondary antibodies, which then capture streptavidin-poly [horse radish peroxidase] (Poly-HRP). Subsequent delivery of super-bright femto-luminol with H2O2 generates chemiluminescence captured with a CCD camera. DSG3 is membrane-bound protein in HNSCC cells of invaded lymph nodes, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) were positive controls overexpressed into the HNSCC culture medium. Beta-tubulin (β-Tub) was used as a loading control to estimate the number of cells in analyzed samples. Limits of detection (LOD) were 0.10 fg/mL for DSG3, and 0.20 fg/mL for VEGF-A, VEGF-C and β-Tub. Three orders of magnitude semilogarithmic dynamic ranges were achieved. VEGF-A showed high in-cell expression, but VEGF-C had low levels inside cells. The very low LODs enabled quantifying these proteins released from single cells. Strong correlation between results from on-chip cell lysis, conventional off-line lysis and ELISA confirmed accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Gulsum Ucak Ozkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34210, Turkey
| | | | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Department of Pathology and Moores Cancer Center, Univ. of Calif. San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0012, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, Univ. Calif. San Diego, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0012, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA; Department of Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA; Institute of Material Science, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Ireland; Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
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20
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Şahin S, Ünlü C, Trabzon L. Affinity biosensors developed with quantum dots in microfluidic systems. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:187-209. [PMID: 33718778 PMCID: PMC7944724 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are synthetic semiconductor nanocrystals with unique optical and electronic properties due to their size (2-10 nm) such as high molar absorption coefficient (10-100 times higher than organic dyes), resistance to chemical degradation, and unique optoelectronic properties due to quantum confinement (high quantum yield, emission color change with size). Compared to organic fluorophores, the narrower emission band and wider absorption bands of QDs offer great advantages in cell imaging and biosensor applications. The optoelectronic features of QDs have prompted their intensive use in bioanalytical, biophysical, and biomedical research. As the nanomaterials have been integrated into microfluidic systems, microfluidic technology has accelerated the adaptation of nanomaterials to clinical evaluation together with the advantages such as being more economical, more reproducible, and more susceptible to modification and integration with other technologies. Microfluidic systems serve an important role by being a platform in which QDs are integrated for biosensing applications. As we combine the advantages of QDs and microfluidic technology for biosensing technology, QD-based biosensor integrated with microfluidic systems can be used as an advanced and versatile diagnostic technology in case of pandemic. Specifically, there is an urgent necessity to have reliable and fast detection systems for COVID-19 virus. In this review, affinity-based biosensing mechanisms which are developed with QDs are examined in the domain of microfluidic approach. The combination of microfluidic technology and QD-based affinity biosensors are presented with examples in order to develop a better technological framework of diagnostic for COVID-19 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Şahin
- Nanosicence and Nanoengineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center – ITUnano, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- MEMS Research Center, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caner Ünlü
- Nanosicence and Nanoengineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center – ITUnano, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Trabzon
- Nanosicence and Nanoengineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center – ITUnano, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- MEMS Research Center, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Farshchi F, Hasanzadeh M. Microfluidic biosensing of circulating tumor cells (CTCs): Recent progress and challenges in efficient diagnosis of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111153. [PMID: 33360045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of the foremost causes of cancer incidence and fatality in the whole of the world. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been confirmed to be among the most significant stimuli of metastasis in recent years and presently are the subject of extensive research aiming to be accurately identified by using biological and physical properties. Among the various studies conducted for isolation, identification, and characterization of CTCs, microfluidic systems have aroused great attention owing to their unique advantages such as low-cost, simplicity, reduction in reagent consumption, miniaturization, fast and precise control. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current state of the microfluidic biosensors for the screening of CTCs. Additionally, given the recent progress in this field, future outlook for the development of the microfluidics biosensing is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshchi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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22
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Singh S, Dhawan A, Karhana S, Bhat M, Dinda AK. Quantum Dots: An Emerging Tool for Point-of-Care Testing. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E1058. [PMID: 33260478 PMCID: PMC7761335 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor crystals in the nanodimension having unique optical and electronic properties that differ from bulk material due to quantum mechanics. The QDs have a narrow emission peak, size-dependent emission wavelength, and broad excitation range which can be utilized for diverse biomedical applications such as molecular imaging, biosensing, and diagnostic systems. This article reviews the current developments of biomedical applications of QDs with special reference to point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.S.); (A.D.); (S.K.); (M.B.)
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23
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Label-Free Multi-Microfluidic Immunoassays with Liquid Crystals on Polydimethylsiloxane Biosensing Chips. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020395. [PMID: 32050563 PMCID: PMC7077641 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a new format for liquid crystal (LC)-based multi-microfluidic immunoassays, hosted on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. In this design, the orientations of the LCs were strongly affected by the interface between the four microchannel walls and surrounding LCs. When the alignment layer was coated inside a microchannel, the LCs oriented homeotropically and appeared dark under crossed polarizers. After antigens bound to the immobilized antibodies on the alignment layer were coated onto the channel walls, the light intensity of the LC molecules changed from dark to bright because of disruption of the LCs. By employing pressure-driven flow, binding of the antigen/antibody could be detected by optical signals in a sequential order. The multi-microfluidic LC biosensor was tested by detecting bovine serum albumin (BSA) and an immunocomplex of BSA antigen/antibody pairs, a protein standard commonly used in labs. We show that this multi-microfluidic immunoassay was able to detect BSA and antigen/antibody BSA pairs with a naked-eye detection limitation of −0.01 µg/mL. Based on this new immunoassay design, a simple and robust device for LC-based label-free microfluidic immunodetection was demonstrated.
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24
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Jiang Q, Wu J, Yao K, Yin Y, Gong MM, Yang C, Lin F. Paper-Based Microfluidic Device (DON-Chip) for Rapid and Low-Cost Deoxynivalenol Quantification in Food, Feed, and Feed Ingredients. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3072-3079. [PMID: 31713421 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination causes over $5 billion of economic loss per year in the North American food and feed industry. A rapid, low-cost, portable, and reliable method for on-site detection of deoxynivalenol (DON), a representative mycotoxin predominantly occurring in grains, would be helpful to control mycotoxin contamination. In this study, a paper-based microfluidic chip capable of measuring DON (DON-Chip) in food, feed, and feed ingredients was developed. The DON-Chip incorporated a colorimetric competitive immunoassay into a paper microfluidic device and used gold nanoparticles as a signal indicator. Furthermore, a novel ratiometric analysis method was proposed to improve detection resolvability. Detection of DON in the aqueous extracts from solid food, feed, or feed ingredients was successfully validated with a detection range of 0.01-20 ppm (using dilution factors from 10 to 104). Compared with conventional methods, the DON-Chip method could greatly reduce the cost and time of mycotoxin detection in the food and feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | | | - Kang Yao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Max M. Gong
- Bock Department of Biomedical Engineering, Trine University, One University Avenue, Angola, Indiana 46703, United States
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25
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26
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Wiederoder MS, Kendall E, Han JH, Ulrich R, DeVoe DL. Flow-through microfluidic immunosensors with refractive index-matched silica monoliths as volumetric optical detection elements. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2018; 254:878-886. [PMID: 29225421 PMCID: PMC5716804 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid absorbance based immunosensor that utilizes ex situ functionalized porous silica monoliths as volumetric optical detection elements is demonstrated in this study. The porous monolith structure facilitates high capture probe density and short diffusion length scales, enabling sensitive and rapid assays. Silica monoliths, synthesized and functionalized with immunocapture probes off-chip before integration into a sealed thermoplastic microfluidic device, serve to capture target antigens during perfusion through the porous structure. Gold nanoparticle immunoconjugates are combined with silver enhancement to create microscale silver clusters, followed by perfusion of an aqueous sucrose solution to limit light scattering and enhance optical signal. Using this approach, detection limits as low as 1 ng/mL are achieved for a sandwich assay, with a dynamic range of at least 4 logs. The results confirm that the combination of on-chip index matching with functionalized porous silica monoliths can enables simple and practical flow-through immunoassays for the sensitive and rapid detection of target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Wiederoder
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - E.L. Kendall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - J.-H. Han
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - R.G. Ulrich
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - D. L. DeVoe
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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27
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Rapid and Low-Cost CRP Measurement by Integrating a Paper-Based Microfluidic Immunoassay with Smartphone (CRP-Chip). SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040684. [PMID: 28346363 PMCID: PMC5419797 DOI: 10.3390/s17040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional diagnostic tests for chronic diseases are expensive and require a specialized laboratory, therefore limiting their use for point-of-care (PoC) testing. To address this gap, we developed a method for rapid and low-cost C-reactive protein (CRP) detection from blood by integrating a paper-based microfluidic immunoassay with a smartphone (CRP-Chip). We chose CRP for this initial development because it is a strong biomarker of prognosis in chronic heart and kidney disease. The microfluidic immunoassay is realized by lateral flow and gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection of the target protein. The test image signal is acquired and analyzed using a commercial smartphone with an attached microlens and a 3D-printed chip–phone interface. The CRP-Chip was validated for detecting CRP in blood samples from chronic kidney disease patients and healthy subjects. The linear detection range of the CRP-Chip is up to 2 μg/mL and the detection limit is 54 ng/mL. The CRP-Chip test result yields high reproducibility and is consistent with the standard ELISA kit. A single CRP-Chip can perform the test in triplicate on a single chip within 15 min for less than 50 US cents of material cost. This CRP-Chip with attractive features of low-cost, fast test speed, and integrated easy operation with smartphones has the potential to enable future clinical PoC chronic disease diagnosis and risk stratification by parallel measurements of a panel of protein biomarkers.
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28
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Singh R, Hong S, Jang J. Label-free Detection of Influenza Viruses using a Reduced Graphene Oxide-based Electrochemical Immunosensor Integrated with a Microfluidic Platform. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42771. [PMID: 28198459 PMCID: PMC5309888 DOI: 10.1038/srep42771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has recently gained considerable attention for use in electrochemical biosensing applications due to its outstanding conducting properties and large surface area. This report presents a novel microfluidic chip integrated with an RGO-based electrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection of an influenza virus, H1N1. Three microelectrodes were fabricated on a glass substrate using the photolithographic technique, and the working electrode was functionalized using RGO and monoclonal antibodies specific to the virus. These chips were integrated with polydimethylsiloxane microchannels. Structural and morphological characterizations were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical studies revealed good selectivity and an enhanced detection limit of 0.5 PFU mL-1, where the chronoamperometric current increased linearly with H1N1 virus concentration within the range of 1 to 104 PFU mL-1 (R2 = 0.99). This microfluidic immunosensor can provide a promising platform for effective detection of biomolecules using minute samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Singh
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkyeol Hong
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Jang
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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29
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Tang MYH, Shum HC. One-step immunoassay of C-reactive protein using droplet microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4359-4365. [PMID: 27738692 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01121g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a wash-free high-sensitivity immunoassay of C-reactive proteins with droplet microfluidics. Microbeads are encapsulated within droplets for the immunoassay, and the droplets are scanned by a fluorescence detection platform to quantify the amount of proteins captured on the microbeads. The limit of detection determined by our platform is 0.01 μg mL-1, which is ten times more sensitive than conventional high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assays. With the decrease in diffusion distance within droplets, the immunoassay requires only half of the time required for similar conventional approaches. This approach for carrying out immunoassays can potentially be applied to other biomarkers beyond C-reactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Y H Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China. and HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
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30
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Duffy GF, Moore EJ. Electrochemical Immunosensors for Food Analysis: A Review of Recent Developments. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1167900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Yao P, Liu Z, Tung S, Dong Z, Liu L. Fully Automated Quantification of Insulin Concentration Using a Microfluidic-Based Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:387-93. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215578822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Riahi R, Shaegh SAM, Ghaderi M, Zhang YS, Shin SR, Aleman J, Massa S, Kim D, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Automated microfluidic platform of bead-based electrochemical immunosensor integrated with bioreactor for continual monitoring of cell secreted biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24598. [PMID: 27098564 PMCID: PMC4838915 DOI: 10.1038/srep24598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in developing microfluidic bioreactors and organs-on-a-chip platforms combined with sensing capabilities for continual monitoring of cell-secreted biomarkers. Conventional approaches such as ELISA and mass spectroscopy cannot satisfy the needs of continual monitoring as they are labor-intensive and not easily integrable with low-volume bioreactors. This paper reports on the development of an automated microfluidic bead-based electrochemical immunosensor for in-line measurement of cell-secreted biomarkers. For the operation of the multi-use immunosensor, disposable magnetic microbeads were used to immobilize biomarker-recognition molecules. Microvalves were further integrated in the microfluidic immunosensor chip to achieve programmable operations of the immunoassay including bead loading and unloading, binding, washing, and electrochemical sensing. The platform allowed convenient integration of the immunosensor with liver-on-chips to carry out continual quantification of biomarkers secreted from hepatocytes. Transferrin and albumin productions were monitored during a 5-day hepatotoxicity assessment in which human primary hepatocytes cultured in the bioreactor were treated with acetaminophen. Taken together, our unique microfluidic immunosensor provides a new platform for in-line detection of biomarkers in low volumes and long-term in vitro assessments of cellular functions in microfluidic bioreactors and organs-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Riahi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Masoumeh Ghaderi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Julio Aleman
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Solange Massa
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Duckjin Kim
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Yang K, Peretz-Soroka H, Liu Y, Lin F. Novel developments in mobile sensing based on the integration of microfluidic devices and smartphones. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:943-58. [PMID: 26899264 PMCID: PMC5142836 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Portable electronic devices and wireless communication systems enable a broad range of applications such as environmental and food safety monitoring, personalized medicine and healthcare management. Particularly, hybrid smartphone and microfluidic devices provide an integrated solution for the new generation of mobile sensing applications. Such mobile sensing based on microfluidic devices (broadly defined) and smartphones (MS(2)) offers a mobile laboratory for performing a wide range of bio-chemical detection and analysis functions such as water and food quality analysis, routine health tests and disease diagnosis. MS(2) offers significant advantages over traditional platforms in terms of test speed and control, low cost, mobility, ease-of-operation and data management. These improvements put MS(2) in a promising position in the fields of interdisciplinary basic and applied research. In particular, MS(2) enables applications to remote in-field testing, homecare, and healthcare in low-resource areas. The marriage of smartphones and microfluidic devices offers a powerful on-chip operating platform to enable various bio-chemical tests, remote sensing, data analysis and management in a mobile fashion. The implications of such integration are beyond telecommunication and microfluidic-related research and technology development. In this review, we will first provide the general background of microfluidic-based sensing, smartphone-based sensing, and their integration. Then, we will focus on several key application areas of MS(2) by systematically reviewing the important literature in each area. We will conclude by discussing our perspectives on the opportunities, issues and future directions of this emerging novel field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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He JL, Wang DS, Fan SK. Opto-Microfluidic Immunosensors: From Colorimetric to Plasmonic. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E29. [PMID: 30407402 PMCID: PMC6189923 DOI: 10.3390/mi7020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical detection has long been the most popular technique in immunosensing. Recent developments in the synthesis of luminescent probes and the fabrication of novel nanostructures enable more sensitive and efficient optical detection, which can be miniaturized and integrated with microfluidics to realize compact lab-on-a-chip immunosensors. These immunosensors are portable, economical and automated, but their sensitivity is not compromised. This review focuses on the incorporation and implementation of optical detection and microfluidics in immunosensors; it introduces the working principles of each optical detection technique and how it can be exploited in immunosensing. The recent progress in various opto-microfluidic immunosensor designs is described. Instead of being comprehensive to include all opto-microfluidic platforms, the report centers on the designs that are promising for point-of-care immunosensing diagnostics, in which ease of use, stability and cost-effective fabrication are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Long He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Da-Shin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Kang Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Kazimierczak B, Pijanowska D, Baraniecka A, Dawgul M, Kruk J, Torbicz W. Immunosensors for human cardiac troponins and CRP, in particular amperometric cTnI immunosensor. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Breault-Turcot J, Poirier-Richard HP, Couture M, Pelechacz D, Masson JF. Single chip SPR and fluorescent ELISA assay of prostate specific antigen. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4433-4440. [PMID: 26467689 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A multi-channel system combining fluidics and micropatterned plasmonic materials with wavelength interrogation surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence detection was integrated from the combination of a small and motorized fluorescence microscope mounted on a portable 4-channel SPR instrument. The SPR and fluorescent measurements were performed based on the same detection area in a multi-channel fluidic, with a sensing scheme for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) consisting of a sandwich assay with a capture anti-PSA immobilized onto the SPR sensor and a detection anti-PSA modified with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In this dual-detection instrument, fluorescence was measured from the solution side of the micropatterned gold film, while the interface between the glass prism and the gold film served to interrogate the SPR response. The SPR sensors were comprised of microhole arrays fabricated by photolithography to enhance the instrumental response for PSA detection by approximately a factor of 2 to 3 and they were coated with a self-assembled monolayer of a peptide (3-MPA-HHHDD-OH) to minimize nonspecific adsorption. PSA was successfully detected at clinical concentrations from 10 pM to 50 nM with this integrated system in a single assay lasting 12 minutes, almost centering on the desired range for PSA diagnostic tests (>4 ng mL(-1) or >150 pM). The combination of two robust techniques in a single chip and instrument has led to a simple and effective assay that can be carried out on a small and portable instrument providing rapid biodetection of an important cancer biomarker with a dynamic range of nearly 4 orders of magnitude in the clinical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Breault-Turcot
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - H-P Poirier-Richard
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - M Couture
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - D Pelechacz
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - J-F Masson
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada. and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS), Canada
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Microfluidics Integrated Biosensors: A Leading Technology towards Lab-on-a-Chip and Sensing Applications. SENSORS 2015; 15:30011-31. [PMID: 26633409 PMCID: PMC4721704 DOI: 10.3390/s151229783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A biosensor can be defined as a compact analytical device or unit incorporating a biological or biologically derived sensitive recognition element immobilized on a physicochemical transducer to measure one or more analytes. Microfluidic systems, on the other hand, provide throughput processing, enhance transport for controlling the flow conditions, increase the mixing rate of different reagents, reduce sample and reagents volume (down to nanoliter), increase sensitivity of detection, and utilize the same platform for both sample preparation and detection. In view of these advantages, the integration of microfluidic and biosensor technologies provides the ability to merge chemical and biological components into a single platform and offers new opportunities for future biosensing applications including portability, disposability, real-time detection, unprecedented accuracies, and simultaneous analysis of different analytes in a single device. This review aims at representing advances and achievements in the field of microfluidic-based biosensing. The review also presents examples extracted from the literature to demonstrate the advantages of merging microfluidic and biosensing technologies and illustrate the versatility that such integration promises in the future biosensing for emerging areas of biological engineering, biomedical studies, point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and precision agriculture.
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A reagent-ready-on-chip microfluidic immunoassay system for rapid detection of influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Conejero-Muriel M, Rodríguez-Ruiz I, Martínez-Rodríguez S, Llobera A, Gavira JA. McCLEC, a robust and stable enzymatic based microreactor platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4083-9. [PMID: 26334474 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00776c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic chip for cross-linked enzyme crystals (McCLEC) is presented and demonstrated to be a stable, reusable and robust biocatalyst-based device with very promising biotechnological applications. The cost-effective microfluidic platform allows in situ crystallization, cross-linking and enzymatic reaction assays on a single device. A large number of enzymatic reuses of the McCLEC platform were achieved and a comparative analysis is shown illustrating the efficiency of the process and its storage stability for more than one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Conejero-Muriel
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT (CSIC-UGR), Avda de las Palmeras, 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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41
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Grabowska-Jadach I, Haczyk M, Drozd M, Fischer A, Pietrzak M, Malinowska E, Brzózka Z. Evaluation of biological activity of quantum dots in a microsystem. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:425-31. [PMID: 26257157 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The presented work aimed at systematic investigation of biological activity of CdSex S1- x /ZnS and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), whose surface was modified with different ligands. For these studies, we used a microfluidic system combined with fluorescence microscopy techniques, which enabled analysis of cells' morphology, viability, and QDs uptake. PDMS and glass-based microfluidic system enabled the precise control of the cell environment, allowed to examine five replications of each tested QDs concentrations (statistically significant number), monitor multiple cellular events, and avoid manual preparation of QDs dilutions. We investigated the influence of the core composition and the type of surface modifiers on QDs toxicity. We also determined whether the examined nanoparticles penetrate into the cells. For all tested nanoparticles, the decrease of cells' viability was observed when increasing nanoparticles concentration. The decrease of live cells' number in microchambers and the accumulation of the nanoparticles around cultured cells were observed. The effect of hydrocarbon chain length of surface modifiers and QDs core composition on the cell viability was confirmed in our tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Grabowska-Jadach
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maja Haczyk
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Drozd
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Fischer
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.,Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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Ghodbane M, Stucky EC, Maguire TJ, Schloss RS, Shreiber DI, Zahn JD, Yarmush ML. Development and validation of a microfluidic immunoassay capable of multiplexing parallel samples in microliter volumes. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3211-21. [PMID: 26130452 PMCID: PMC4507421 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays are widely utilized due to their ability to quantify a vast assortment of biomolecules relevant to biological research and clinical diagnostics. Recently, immunoassay capabilities have been improved by the development of multiplex assays that simultaneously measure multiple analytes in a single sample. However, these assays are hindered by high costs of reagents and relatively large sample requirements. For example, in vitro screening systems currently dedicate individual wells to each time point of interest and this limitation is amplified in screening studies when the investigation of many experimental conditions is necessary; resulting in large volumes for analysis, a correspondingly high cost and a limited temporal experimental design. Microfluidics based immunoassays have been developed in order to overcome these drawbacks. Together, previous studies have demonstrated on-chip assays with either a large dynamic range, high performance sensitivity, and/or the ability to process samples in parallel on a single chip. In this report, we develop a multiplex immunoassay possessing all of these parallel characteristics using commercially available reagents, which allows the analytes of interest to be easily changed. The device presented can measure 6 proteins in 32 samples simultaneously using only 4.2 μL of sample volume. High quality standard curves are generated for all 6 analytes included in the analysis, and spiked samples are quantified throughout the working range of the assay. In addition, we demonstrate a strong correlation (R(2) = 0.8999) between in vitro supernatant measurements using our device and those obtained from a bench-top multiplex immunoassay. Finally, we describe cytokine secretion in an in vitro inflammatory hippocampus culture system, establishing proof-of-concept of the ability to use this platform as an in vitro screening tool. The low-volume, multiplexing abilities of the microdevice described in this report could be broadly applied to numerous situations where sample volumes and costs are limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghodbane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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Mavrogiannis N, Desmond M, Gagnon ZR. Fluidic dielectrophoresis: The polarization and displacement of electrical liquid interfaces. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1386-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mavrogiannis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University Baltimore; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Mitchell Desmond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University Baltimore; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Zachary R. Gagnon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University Baltimore; Baltimore MD USA
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Ghodbane M, Kulesa A, Yu HH, Maguire TJ, Schloss RR, Ramachandran R, Zahn JD, Yarmush ML. Development of a low-volume, highly sensitive microimmunoassay using computational fluid dynamics-driven multiobjective optimization. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2015; 18:199-214. [PMID: 25691853 PMCID: PMC4327895 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-014-1416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays are one of the most versatile and widely performed biochemical assays and, given their selectivity and specificity, are used in both clinical and research settings. However, the high cost of reagents and relatively large sample volumes constrain the integration of immunoassays into many applications. Scaling the assay down within microfluidic devices can alleviate issues associated with reagent and sample consumption. However, in many cases a new device is designed and empirically optimized for each specific analyte, a costly and time consuming approach. In this paper, we report the development of a microfluidic bead-based immunoassay which, using antibody coated microbeads, can potentially detect any analyte or combination of analytes for which antibody coated microbeads can be generated. We also developed a computational reaction model and optimization algorithm that can be used to optimize the device for any analyte. We applied this technique to develop a low volume IL-6 immunoassay with high sensitivity (358 fM, 10 pg/mL) and a large dynamic range (4 orders of magnitude). This device design and optimization technique can be used to design assays for any protein with an available antibody and can be used with a large number of applications including biomarker discovery, temporal in vitro studies using a reduced number of cells and reagents, and analysis of scarce biological samples in animal studies and clinical research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghodbane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Anthony Kulesa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Henry H. Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Tim J. Maguire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Rene R. Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Rohit Ramachandran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Zahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine/Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Song HN, Kim DH, Park SG, Lee MK, Paek SH, Woo EJ. Purification and characterization of Fab fragments with rapid reaction kinetics against myoglobin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:718-24. [PMID: 25561012 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.993354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Myoglobin is an early biomarker for acute myocardial infarction. Recently, we isolated the antibody IgG-Myo2-7ds, which exhibits unique rapid reaction kinetics toward human myoglobin antigen. Antibodies with rapid dissociation kinetics are thought to be premature IgG forms that are produced during the early stage of in vivo immunization. In the present study, we identified the epitope region of the IgG-Myo2-7ds antibody to be the C-terminal region of myoglobin, which corresponds to 144-154 aa. The Fab fragment was directly purified by papain cleavage and protein G affinity chromatography and demonstrated kinetics of an association constant of 4.02 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and a dissociation constant of 2.28 × 10(-2) s(-1), which retained the unique reaction kinetics of intact IgG-Myo2-7ds antibodies. Because a rapid dissociation antibody can be utilized for antibody recycling, the results from this study would provide a platform for the development of antibody engineering in potential diagnostic areas such as a continuous monitoring system for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Nam Song
- a Functional Genomic Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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46
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Zhao L, Peng X, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wu J, Wei X, Li F, Pu Q. Facile real-time evaluation of the stability of surface charge under regular shear stress by pulsed streaming potential measurement. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12501d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicability of the pulsed streaming potential measurement for real-time evaluation of stability of assembled layers based on the relative zeta potential change rate SR was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xianglu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Shenghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Fengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
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Song HN, Jang JH, Kim YW, Kim DH, Park SG, Lee MK, Paek SH, Woo EJ. Refolded scFv antibody fragment against myoglobin shows rapid reaction kinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23658-71. [PMID: 25530617 PMCID: PMC4284786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin is one of the early biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction. Recently, we have screened an antibody with unique rapid reaction kinetics toward human myoglobin antigen. Antibodies with rapid reaction kinetics are thought to be an early IgG form produced during early stage of in vivo immunization. We produced a recombinant scFv fragment for the premature antibody from Escherichia coli using refolding technology. The scFv gene was constructed by connection of the V(H)-V(L) sequence with a (Gly4Ser)3 linker. The scFv fragment without the pelB leader sequence was expressed at a high level, but the solubility was extremely low. A high concentration of 8 M urea was used for denaturation. The dilution refolding process in the presence of arginine and the redox reagents GSH and GSSH successfully produced a soluble scFv protein. The resultant refolded scFv protein showed association and dissociation values of 9.32 × 10⁻⁴ M⁻¹·s⁻¹ and 6.29 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹, respectively, with an affinity value exceeding 10⁷ M⁻¹ (k(on)/k(off)), maintaining the original rapid reaction kinetics of the premature antibody. The refolded scFv could provide a platform for protein engineering for the clinical application for diagnosis of heart disease and the development of a continuous biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Nam Song
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Jun-Hyuck Jang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Young-Wan Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Sung-Goo Park
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Myung Kyu Lee
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Se-Hwan Paek
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Eui-Jeon Woo
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
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Zhu Q, Yang KL. Microfluidic immunoassay with plug-in liquid crystal for optical detection of antibody. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 853:696-701. [PMID: 25467520 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advance in liquid crystal (LqC) based immunoassays enables label-free detection of antibody, but manual preparation of LqC cells and injection of LqC are required. In this work, we developed a new format of LqC-based immunoassay which is hosted in a microfluidic device. In this format, the orientations of LqC are strongly influenced by four channel walls surrounding the LqC. When the aspect ratio (depth/width) of the channel is smaller than 0.38, LqC orients homeotropically inside the microchannel and appears dark. After antigens bind to immobilized antibodies on the channel walls, a shift of the LqC appearance from dark to bright (due to the disruption of LqC orientation) can be visualized directly. To streamline the immunoassay process, a tubing cartridge loaded with a sample solution, washing buffers and a plug of LqC is connected to the microfluidic device. By using pressure-driven flow, the cartridge allows antigen/antibody binding, washing and optical detection to be accomplished in a sequential order. We demonstrate that this microfluidic immunoassay is able to detect anti-rabbit IgG with a naked-eye detection limit down to 1 μg mL(-1). This new format of immunoassay provides a simple and robust approach to perform LqC-based label-free immunodetection in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdi Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kun-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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Chu CP, Jiang BY, Weng C, Jiang FZ. Microchannel Deformation of Polymer Chip in In-Mold Bonding. INT POLYM PROC 2014. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Microchannel deformation is a problem which often occurs in the thermal bonding of polymer microfluidic chip, and which is significantly determined by bonding parameters. In this paper, numerical analysis of the microchannel deformation in the process of in-mold bonding polymer chip was conducted, using Young's modulus and shear relaxation modulus of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) obtained in creep tests. Adhesion between the top and two lateral walls of microchannel was observed in the results, which can be attributed mainly to the viscoelastic deformation of PMMA. It was also revealed that the maximum percent deformation of microchannel is in height, and that bonding temperature had greater effect on the deformation of microchannel than bonding pressure and bonding time. The deformation of microchannel in simulation were consistent with those of experiment under the optimized parameters of 105 °C, 2 MPa and 240 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.-P. Chu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing , College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha , PRC
| | - B.-Y. Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing , College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha , PRC
| | - C. Weng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing , College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha , PRC
| | - F.-Z. Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing , College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha , PRC
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50
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A cost-effective two-step method for enhancing the hydrophilicity of PDMS surfaces. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-014-8105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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