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Telgmann L, Horn H. The behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds and contrast agents during wastewater treatment - Combining sampling strategies and analytical techniques: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174344. [PMID: 38964417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and the respective consequences for the aquatic environment have been the focus of many studies over the last thirty years. Various aspects in this field were investigated, considering diverse pharmaceutical groups and employing a wide range of research methodologies. Various questions from the perspectives of different research areas were devised and answered, resulting in a large mix of individual findings and conclusions. Collectively, the results of the studies offer a comprehensive overview. The large variety of methods and strategies, however, demands close attention when comparing and combining information from heterogeneous projects. This review critically examines the application of diverse sampling techniques as well as analytical methods in investigations concerning the behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and contrast agents (CAs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combination of sampling and analysis is discussed with regard to its suitability for specific scientific problems. Different research focuses need different methods and answer different questions. An overview of studies dealing with the fate and degradation of PhACs and CAs in WWTPs is presented, discussing their strategic approaches and findings. This review includes surveys of anticancer drugs, antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, antidiabetics, beta blockers, hormonal contraceptives, lipid lowering agents, antidepressants as well as contrast agents for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Telgmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Department Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Ben Chabchoubi I, Lam SS, Pane SE, Ksibi M, Guerriero G, Hentati O. Hazard and health risk assessment of exposure to pharmaceutical active compounds via toxicological evaluation by zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:120698. [PMID: 36435277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The uncontrolled or continuous release of effluents from wastewater treatment plants leads to the omnipresence of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic media. Today, this is a confirmed problem becoming a main subject of twin public and scientific concerns. However, still little information is available about the long-term impacts of these PhACs on aquatic organisms. In this review, efforts were made to reveal correlation between the occurrence in the environment, ecotoxicological and health risks of different PhACs via toxicological evaluation by zebrafish (Danio rerio). This animal model served as a bioindicator for any health impacts after the exposure to these contaminants and to better understand the responses in relation to human diseases. This review paper focused on the calculation of Risk Quotients (RQs) of 34 PhACs based on environmental and ecotoxicological data available in the literature and prediction from the ECOSAR V2.2 software. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the risk assessment of PhACs by the two different methods as mentioned above. RQs showed greater difference in potential environmental risks of the PhACs. These differences in risk values underline the importance of environmental and experimental factors in exposure conditions and the interpretation of RQ values. While the results showed high risk to Danio rerio of the majority of PhACs, risk qualification of the others varied between moderate to insignifiant. Further research is needed to assess pharmaceutical hazards when present in wastewater before discharge and monitor the effectiveness of treatment processes. The recent new advances in the morphological assessment of toxicant-exposed zebrafish larvae for the determination of test compounds effects on the developmental endpoints were also discussed. This review emphasizes the need for strict regulations on the release of PhACs into environmental media in order to minimize their toxicity to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Chabchoubi
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia; Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3.5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Stacey Ellen Pane
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohamed Ksibi
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3.5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Olfa Hentati
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3.5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4.5, B.P 1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Sobiech M, Bujak P, Luliński P, Pron A. Semiconductor nanocrystal-polymer hybrid nanomaterials and their application in molecular imprinting. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12030-12074. [PMID: 31204762 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02585e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are attractive semiconductor fluorescent nanomaterials with remarkable optical and electrical properties. The broad absorption spectra and high stability of QD transducers are advantageous for sensing and bioimaging. Molecular imprinting is a technique for manufacturing synthetic polymeric materials with a high recognition ability towards a target analyte. The high selectivity of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is a result of the fabrication process based on the template-tailored polymerization of functional monomers. The three-dimensional cavities formed in the polymer network can serve as the recognition elements of sensors because of their specificity and stability. Appending specific molecularly imprinted layers to QDs is a promising strategy to enhance the stability, sensitivity, and selective fluorescence response of the resulting sensors. By merging the benefits of MIPs and QDs, inventive optical sensors are constructed. In this review, the recent synthetic strategies used for the fabrication of QD nanocrystals emphasizing various approaches to effective functionalization in aqueous environments are discussed followed by a detailed presentation of current advances in QD conjugated MIPs (MIP-QDs). Frontiers in manufacturing of specific imprinted layers of these nanomaterials are presented and factors affecting the specific behaviour of an MIP shell are identified. Finally, current limitations of MIP-QDs are defined and prospects are outlined to amplify the capability of MIP-QDs in future sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sobiech
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Luliński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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Mbhele ZE, Ncube S, Madikizela LM. Synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer and its application in selective extraction of fenoprofen from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36724-36735. [PMID: 30382513 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of various classes of pharmaceutical drugs in different environmental compartments has been reported worldwide. In South Africa, the detection of pharmaceuticals especially the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is recent, and more studies are being done in order to fully understand their fate in the aquatic environment. With considerations for the need of better sample preparation techniques, this study synthesized a molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective extraction of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, fenoprofen in aqueous environmental samples. Batch adsorption studies showed that adsorption of fenoprofen onto the cavities of the polymer followed a Langmuir isotherm as well as a pseudo second order model implying formation of a monolayer on the surface through chemisorption. The polymer had a maximum adsorption capacity of 38.8 mg g-1 and a Langmuir surface area of 1607 m2 g-1. The imprinted polymer was then used as the selective sorbent for solid phase extraction in the analysis of fenoprofen from wastewater followed by chromatographic determination. The analytical method gave a detection limit of 0.64 ng mL-1 and recovery of 99.6%. The concentration of fenoprofen detected in influent and effluent samples from two wastewater treatment plants ranged from 24 to 58 ng mL-1. The ability of the treatment plants to remove fenoprofen during wastewater processing based on the difference in concentrations in influent and effluent samples was found to be 41%. This work has shown that there is a possibility of release of fenoprofen from wastewater treatment plants into surface water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zama Emmaculate Mbhele
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Somandla Ncube
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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Madikizela LM, Ncube S, Chimuka L. Recent Developments in Selective Materials for Solid Phase Extraction. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nsubuga H, Basheer C, Haider MB, Bakdash R. Sol-gel based biogenic silica composite as green nanosorbent for chemometric optimization of micro-solid-phase extraction of beta blockers. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1554:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Muhammad N, Subhani Q, Wang F, Guo D, Zhao Q, Wu S, Zhu Y. Application of a simple column-switching ion chromatography technique for removal of matrix interferences and sensitive fluorescence determination of acidic compounds (pharmaceutical drugs) in complex samples. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Madikizela LM, Chimuka L. Occurrence of naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac residues in wastewater and river water of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:348. [PMID: 28639109 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reports a detailed study that is based on the monitoring of naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac in Mbokodweni River and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located around the city of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Target compounds were extracted from water samples using a multi-template molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction prior to separation and quantification on a high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photo diode array detector. The analytical method yielded the detection limits of 0.15, 1.00, and 0.63 μg/L for naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac, respectively. Solid-phase extraction method was evaluated for its performance using deionized water samples that were spiked with 5 and 50 μg/L of target compounds. Recoveries were greater than 80% for all target compounds with RSD values in the range of 4.1 to 10%. Target compounds were detected in most wastewater and river water samples with ibuprofen being the most frequently detected pharmaceutical. Maximum concentrations detected in river water for naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac were 6.84, 19.2, and 9.69 μg/L, respectively. The concentrations of target compounds found in effluent and river water samples compared well with some studies. The analytical method employed in this work is fast, selective, sensitive, and affordable; therefore, it can be used routinely to evaluate the occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals in South African water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag x3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag x3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Madikizela LM, Tavengwa NT, Chimuka L. Applications of molecularly imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics from environmental waters and biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:624-633. [PMID: 28477973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals used as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics in the aquatic environment is a threat to humans and aquatic species at large. The primary route of these pharmaceuticals to aquatic environment is through human waste such as urine and faeces. The application of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of such pollutants from environmental and biological samples is important for the pre-concentration of compounds and selectivity of the analytical methods. To date, there are still limited commercial suppliers of MIPs. However, it is easy to synthesize such polymers via non-covalent imprinting approach using easily available and affordable reagents. Therefore, the applications of MIPs in the SPE of NSAIDs and analgesics from environmental and biological samples are reviewed. This is very important because despite the fact that review articles on applications of MIPs for organic compounds have been reported, very little has focussed on NSAIDs and analgesics which are the major studied pharmaceuticals in the environment and biological samples. The review also brings out important aspects of common reagents used including the template molecules during MIP synthesis. Application and future trends are also discussed. Gaps such as little use of environmental friendly reagents such as ionic liquids have been identified. Also, the lack of MIP applications to some compounds such as fenoprofen has been observed which is likely to be developed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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Isotherm charts for material selection and method development with molecularly imprinted polymers and other sorbents. Talanta 2017; 162:167-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Occurrence, fate and removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharging in the coastal environment of Algiers. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Kopperi M, Riekkola ML. Non-targeted evaluation of selectivity of water-compatible class selective adsorbents for the analysis of steroids in wastewater. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 920:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dorkó Z, Szakolczai A, Verbić T, Horvai G. Binding capacity of molecularly imprinted polymers and their nonimprinted analogs. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:4240-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Dorkó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
- MTA-BME Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry; Budapest Hungary
| | - Anett Szakolczai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
| | - Tatjana Verbić
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - George Horvai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
- MTA-BME Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry; Budapest Hungary
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A molecularly imprinted polymer as the sorptive phase immobilized in a rotating disk extraction device for the determination of diclofenac and mefenamic acid in wastewater. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li Y, Yang J, Huang C, Wang L, Wang J, Chen J. Dendrimer-functionalized mesoporous silica as a reversed-phase/anion-exchange mixed-mode sorbent for solid phase extraction of acid drugs in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1392:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Corcoran J, Winter MJ, Lange A, Cumming R, Owen SF, Tyler CR. Effects of the lipid regulating drug clofibric acid on PPARα-regulated gene transcript levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at pharmacological and environmental exposure levels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 161:127-37. [PMID: 25749508 PMCID: PMC4372818 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a key role in regulating various genes involved in lipid metabolism, bile acid synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis, and is activated by a diverse group of compounds collectively termed peroxisome proliferators (PPs). Specific PPs have been detected in the aquatic environment; however little is known on their pharmacological activity in fish. We investigated the bioavailability and persistence of the human PPARα ligand clofibric acid (CFA) in carp, together with various relevant endpoints, at a concentration similar to therapeutic levels in humans (20mg/L) and for an environmentally relevant concentration (4μg/L). Exposure to pharmacologically-relevant concentrations of CFA resulted in increased transcript levels of a number of known PPARα target genes together with increased acyl-coA oxidase (Acox1) activity, supporting stimulation of lipid metabolism pathways in carp which are known to be similarly activated in mammals. Although Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Sod1) activity was not affected, mRNA levels of several biotransformation genes were also increased, paralleling previous reports in mammals and indicating a potential role in hepatic detoxification for PPARα in carp. Importantly, transcription of some of these genes (and Acox1 activity) were affected at exposure concentrations comparable with those reported in effluent discharges. Collectively, these data suggest that CFA is pharmacologically active in carp and has the potential to invoke PPARα-related responses in fish exposed in the environment, particularly considering that CFA may represent just one of a number of PPAR-active compounds present to which wild fish may be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Corcoran
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Matthew J Winter
- AstraZeneca Global Environment, Brixham Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham TQ5 8BA, UK.
| | - Anke Lange
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Rob Cumming
- AstraZeneca Global Environment, Brixham Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham TQ5 8BA, UK.
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca Global Environment, Brixham Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham TQ5 8BA, UK.
| | - Charles R Tyler
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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Electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polypyrrole film for sensing of clofibric acid. SENSORS 2015; 15:4870-89. [PMID: 25730487 PMCID: PMC4435163 DOI: 10.3390/s150304870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric quartz crystals and analogous gold substrates were electrochemically coated with molecularly imprinted polypyrrole films for pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) of clofibric acid, a metabolite of clofibrate. Cyclic voltammetry data obtained during polymerization and deposited weight estimations revealed a decrease of the polymerization rate with increasing clofibric acid concentration. XPS measurements indicated that clofibric acid could be removed after imprinting with an aqueous ethanol solution, which was further optimized by using PAD. Zeta potential and contact angle measurements revealed differences between molecularly imprinted (MIP) and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) layers. Binding experiments with clofibric acid and other substances showed a pronounced selectivity of the MIP for clofibric acid vs. carbamazepine, but the response of MIP and NIP to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was higher than that for clofibric acid. A smooth surface, revealed by AFM measurements, with roughness of 6-8 nm for imprinted and non-imprinted layers, might be a reason for an excessively low density of specific binding sites for clofibric acid. Furthermore, the decreased polymerization rate in the presence of clofibric acid might not result in well-defined polymer structures, which could be the reason for the lower sensitivity.
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Beldean-Galea MS, Coman V, Thiébaut D, Vial J. Determination of four acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wastewater samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:641-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Virginia Coman
- Babeş-Bolyai University; Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Didier Thiébaut
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris; Paris France
| | - Jérome Vial
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris; Paris France
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Preparation and application of sulfaguanidine-imprinted polymer on solid-phase extraction of pharmaceuticals from water. Talanta 2015; 131:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Selective and simultaneous determination of NSAIDs in equine plasma by HPLC with molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2147-58. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Detection of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in equine plasma is a significant analytical problem in veterinary anti-doping controls. Results: A new HPLC method coupled to selective extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers was developed for the simultaneous determination in equine plasma of the NSAIDs phenylbutazone, flunixin, oxyphenbutazone, ketoprofen and naproxen. The analytical performances of the method have been evaluated both in standard solutions and equine plasma samples. Recovery: Molecularly imprinted polymers solid-phase extraction for all NSAIDs was >94% with intra-day values below 15.0% and inter-day values below 20%. Method quantification limit was 0.01 μg/ml. Conclusion: The developed method could be considered as a useful alternative to existing screening methods for the determination of NSAIDs in the context of studies of pharmacokinetics and anti-doping controls.
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A new analytical method to determine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in surface water using in situ derivatization combined with ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 129:552-9. [PMID: 25127632 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Because of the high stability and potential toxic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it is important to closely monitor their concentrations in the environment using a sensitive analytical method. In this study, a simple, rapid, efficient, and sensitive analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to determine the levels of seven common NSAIDs in various types of surface water. To simplify sample preparation, in situ derivatization using methyl chloroformate was combined with ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction. For selection and optimization of significant variables, experiments were statistically designed using Plackett-Burman design and central composite design. The resulting optimal conditions for derivatization and extraction were 100 μL of chloroform (extraction solvent), 10.0 mL of sample, and 240 μL of pyridine (catalyst as a base in derivatization). The optimized sample preparation coupled with optimized GC-MS analysis in selected ion monitoring mode provided good linearity from 0.010 to 5.0 ng mL(-1), and a limit of detection between 0.0050 and 0.010 ng mL(-1), good intra-day and inter-day precision (0.30-6.3% and 5.1-9.5%, respectively), and good accuracy (relative recovery; 91-117% at 0.20 ng mL(-1) and 77-105% at 2.5 ng mL(-1)). Compared with previously reported methods, the current method requires a small volume of sample and simple sample preparation steps for sensitive determination of NSAID levels using a conventional GC-MS system. The method was successfully applied to determine the levels of seven common NSAIDs in various types of surface water.
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Ameli A, Kalhor H, Alizadeh N. Simultaneous analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using electrochemically controlled solid-phase microextraction based on nanostructure molecularly imprinted polypyrrole film coupled to ion mobility spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1797-804. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ameli
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamideh Kalhor
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Naader Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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24
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Molecularly imprinted SPE combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for selective analysis of telmisartan in biological and formulation samples. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:847-58. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present communication describes the combination of molecularly imprinted SPE and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the selective preconcentration and determination of telmisartan (TEL) in rat urine, plasma and pharmaceutical formulation by HPLC. Results: Various factors that can affect the extraction efficiency of molecularly imprinted SPE and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction were optimized. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.19 and 0.63 µg ml-1 in urine, while in plasma it was found to be 0.28 and 0.87 µg ml-1, respectively. The percentage recovery of TEL in different matrices was found to be in the range of 81–97%. Conclusion: The proposed method may find wide applications in clinical, toxicological and QC laboratories for the routine analysis of TEL.
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25
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Duan YP, Dai CM, Zhang YL, Ling-Chen. Selective trace enrichment of acidic pharmaceuticals in real water and sediment samples based on solid-phase extraction using multi-templates molecularly imprinted polymers. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 758:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Lacina P, Mravcová L, Vávrová M. Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection for the analysis of selected drug residues in wastewater and surface water. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:204-212. [PMID: 23586316 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues have become tightly controlled environmental contaminants in recent years, due to their increasing concentration in environmental components. This is mainly caused by their high level of production and everyday consumption. Therefore there is a need to apply new and sufficiently sensitive analytical methods, which can detect the presence of these contaminants even in very low concentrations. This study is focused on the application of a reliable analytical method for the analysis of 10 selected drug residues, mainly from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, clofibric acid, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, caffeine, naproxen, mefenamic acid, ketoprofen, and dicofenac), in wastewaters and surface waters. This analytical method is based on solid phase extraction, derivatization by N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and finally analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with Time-of-Flight mass spectrometric detection (GCxGC-TOF MS). Detection limits ranged from 0.18 to 5 ng/L depending on the compound and selected matrix. The method was successfully applied for detection of the presence of selected pharmaceuticals in the Svratka River and in wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modrice, Czech Republic. The concentration of pharmaceuticals varied from one to several hundreds of ng/L in surface water and from one to several tens of isg/L in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Lacina
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.
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27
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Maijó I, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M. DETERMINATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN RIVER WATER BY SWEEPING-MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.629386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maijó
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Carme Aguilar
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Marta Calull
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
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28
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Wang LQ, Zeng ZL, Su YJ, Zhang GK, Zhong XL, Liang ZP, He LM. Matrix effects in analysis of β-agonists with LC-MS/MS: influence of analyte concentration, sample source, and SPE type. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6359-6363. [PMID: 22670564 DOI: 10.1021/jf301440u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic influences of analyte concentration, sample source, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) type on matrix effects in the multiresidue analyses of eight β-agonists with LC-ESI-MS/MS were evaluated. Porcine muscle and liver extracts and urine from diverse sources were purified by strong or mixed-mode cation exchange and molecularly imprinted polymer SPE cartridges, respectively. Three spiked concentrations (2, 10, and 20 ng/mL) of eight β-agonists in the purified matrices and the different sample sources were analyzed. The results show that for most β-agonists there are significant differences in matrix effects between analyte concentrations or sample sources (P < 0.05), whereas there is no significant difference in matrix effects between different SPE cartridges (P > 0.05). Results from main effects testing indicated that analyte concentration was the main effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qi Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
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29
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Gilart N, Marcé RM, Borrull F, Fontanals N. Determination of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters using solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:875-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesc Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica,; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
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30
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Dai CM, Zhou XF, Zhang YL, Liu SG, Zhang J. Synthesis by precipitation polymerization of molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective extraction of diclofenac from water samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 198:175-81. [PMID: 22050930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by precipitation polymerization using diclofenac (DFC) as a template, 2-vinylpyridine (2-VP) as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker, and toluene as porogen. The MIP showed outstanding affinity toward DFC in aqueous solution with a binding site capacity (Q(max)) of 324.8 mg/g (1.09 mmol/g) and was used as solid-phase extraction (SPE) material for the quantitative enrichment of DFC in environmental water samples and off-line coupled to a reversed-phase HPLC/DAD. Various parameters including washing solvent, elution solvent and breakthrough volume affecting the extraction efficiency of the polymers have been evaluated to achieve the selective preconcentration of DFC from water samples and to reduce non-specific interactions. Recoveries of DFC extracted from tap water, river water and wastewater samples were higher than 95%, and no significant DFC recovery difference was obtained among the different water matrix. The stability of MIP was tested by consecutive percolation of water sample, and it was shown that the performance of the MIP did not vary even after 30 adsorption and desorption cycles. Furthermore, the MISPE was used for the analysis of DFC in river water and wastewater samples and revealed DFC concentrations of 0.69±0.002 μg/L (n=3) and 0.31±0.004μg/L (n=3), respectively. The results were in good agreement with corresponding LC-MS/MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-meng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Enantioselective analysis of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen in wastewater and environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4746-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Hoshina K, Horiyama S, Matsunaga H, Haginaka J. Simultaneous determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in river water samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using molecularly imprinted polymers as a pretreatment column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:916-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Li Y, Gao B, Du R. Studies on Preparation and Recognition Characteristic of Surface-Ion Imprinting Material IIP-PEI/SiO2of Chromate Anion. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.561821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Trufelli H, Palma P, Famiglini G, Cappiello A. An overview of matrix effects in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:491-509. [PMID: 21500246 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-dependent signal suppression or enhancement represents a major drawback in quantitative analysis with liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (LC-API-MS). Because matrix effects (ME) might exert a detrimental impact on important method parameters (limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, and precision), they have to be tested and evaluated during validation procedure. This review gives a detailed description on when these phenomena might be expected, and how they can be evaluated. The major sources of ME are discussed and illustrated with examples from bioanalytical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analysis. Because there is no universal solution for ME, the main strategies to overcome these phenomena are described in detail. Special emphasis is devoted to the sample-preparation procedures as well as to the recent improvements on chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions. An overview of the main calibration techniques to compensate for ME is also presented. All these solutions can be used alone or in combination to retrieve the performance of the LC-MS for a particular matrix-analyte combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Trufelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento, 6-61029 Urbino, Italy
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35
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On-Column Preconcentration of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in River Water by Anion-Selective Exhaustive Injection-Sweeping-MEKC. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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An analytical method for the simultaneous trace determination of acidic pharmaceuticals and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in wastewater and sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2549-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Kole PL, Venkatesh G, Kotecha J, Sheshala R. Recent advances in sample preparation techniques for effective bioanalytical methods. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:199-217. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Buchberger WW. Current approaches to trace analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:603-18. [PMID: 21067760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A large number of xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals and personal care products are continuously released into the environment. Effluents from sewage treatment plants are well known to be the major source for introduction of pharmaceuticals and personal care products into the aquatic system. In recent years, reliable methods have been established for residue analysis of these pollutants down to low ng/L levels. In this review, the different approaches to their trace determination are reviewed with special attention being paid to sample preparation procedures, state-of-the-art high-performance separation methods hyphenated with mass spectrometry, and immunochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang W Buchberger
- Johannes-Kepler-University, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
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39
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Beltran A, Marcé R, Cormack P, Borrull F. Synthetic approaches to parabens molecularly imprinted polymers and their applications to the solid-phase extraction of river water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 677:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Cappiello A, Famiglini G, Palma P, Trufelli H. MATRIX EFFECTS IN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.484314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achille Cappiello
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche , Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali a Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo” , Urbino , Italy
| | - Giorgio Famiglini
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche , Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali a Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo” , Urbino , Italy
| | - Pierangela Palma
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche , Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali a Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo” , Urbino , Italy
| | - Helga Trufelli
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche , Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali a Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo” , Urbino , Italy
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41
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Li M, Zhang L, Meng Z, Wang Z, Wu H. Molecularly-imprinted microspheres for selective extraction and determination of melamine in milk and feed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2333-8. [PMID: 20674520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly-imprinted polymers in the form of microspheres were synthesized using the dispersion polymerization protocol; cyromazine was used as dummy template, while methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and acetonitrile (MeCN) were used as functional monomer, cross-linker, and porogen, respectively. When compared with the non-imprinted polymer, the molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs) showed outstanding affinity toward melamine in MeCN with a maximum binding concentration (B(max)) of 53.20 nmol mg(-1) MIPs, imprinting effect of 4.6, and a dissociation constant (K(d)) of 90.45 microM. After optimization of the molecularly-imprinted solid-phase extraction conditions, a new method was developed to determine the melamine in milk and feed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The performance of this method has been evaluated in the tainted milk and feed in terms of recovery, precision, linearity, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ). Recovery ranged in samples from 93.1 to 101.3% with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation values below 5.34%. The LOD and LOQ of melamine in milk and feed were 0.01 microg mL(-1) (microg g(-1)) and 0.05 microg mL(-1) (microg g(-1)), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
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42
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Molecularly imprinted polymers for sample preparation: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 668:87-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Petrovic M, Farré M, de Alda ML, Perez S, Postigo C, Köck M, Radjenovic J, Gros M, Barcelo D. Recent trends in the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of organic contaminants in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4004-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Trace analysis of antidepressants in environmental waters by molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid-phase extraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:825-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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González-Mariño I, Quintana JB, Rodríguez I, Rodil R, González-Peñas J, Cela R. Comparison of molecularly imprinted, mixed-mode and hydrophilic balance sorbents performance in the solid-phase extraction of amphetamine drugs from wastewater samples for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8435-41. [PMID: 19846101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that amphetamines and other drugs of abuse residues occur in wastewater. Consequently, several methods have been developed for their determination by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). However, a major drawback of these methods is the lack of selectivity during SPE that results in reduced sensitivity, due to matrix effects, and in some cases in low precision and poor accuracy. In order to tackle this problem, three different SPE alternatives have been evaluated in this work for the determination of five amphetamines: common hydrophilic balance (Oasis HLB), mixed-mode (Oasis MCX) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) sorbents. Among them, Oasis HLB showed the worst performance, as three amphetamines (MDA, MDMA and MDEA) could not be determined because of interfering signals in the LC-MS/MS chromatogram, and amphetamine recoveries could not be corrected by the use of the deuterated analogue internal standard. Oasis MCX permitted the determination of all target analytes, but with still strong signal suppression: ca. 70% signal drop with wastewater samples, which could in this case be corrected by the internal standards providing acceptable trueness (overall recoveries: 101-137%), precision (RSD: 2.0-12%) and limits of detection (LOD: 1.5-4.4 ng/L). Alternatively, MIPs rendered cleaner extracts with less matrix effects (ca. 30% signal drop), and thus lower LODs (0.5-2.7 ng/L) and even better trueness (91-114% overall recovery) and precision (1.5-4.4%RSD). The final application of the method with MIP cartridges showed the presence of MDA and MDMA in the seven analysed wastewaters at the 4-20 ng/L level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria González-Mariño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA - Institute for Food Analysis and Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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46
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Larsson N, Petersson E, Rylander M, Jönsson JÃK. Continuous flow hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and monitoring of pharmaceuticals in a sewage treatment plant effluent. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2009; 1:59-67. [PMID: 32938143 DOI: 10.1039/b9ay00015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous extraction and quantification of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) based on continuous flow hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (CFHF-LPME) was developed. The effect of sample flow rate, acceptor flow rate, type of acceptor flow (continuous, semi-continuous or forward-backward), type of supported liquid membrane and sample volume was studied. The extraction of the final method was linear over an environmentally relevant concentration range and yielded high enrichment factors (720-940 times) in reagent water and (270-800 times) in sewage water for all analytes within 45 min. Repeatability was best (RSD 6-15%) during the first 30 min of extraction. The optimised method was used to monitor the occurrence and fate of the four NSAIDs in a Swedish sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent, which is discharged into a system of ponds before release into a river, during the period May-September 2008. All four analytes were detected at concentrations up to 0.92 µg L-1 ketoprofen, 0.08 µg L-1 naproxen, 0.43 µg L-1 diclofenac and 0.25 µg L-1 ibuprofen. A concentration drop during the summer was observed. For diclofenac and ketoprofen significant removal in the primary recipient pond system was observed. The presence of the studied pharmaceuticals in STP effluent together with concern about their environmental effects makes monitoring of their occurrence and knowledge of their environmental fate important. The proposed method provides a basis for automation of extraction towards on-site extraction using CFHF-LPME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Larsson
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Estelle Petersson
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Marika Rylander
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jan à Ke Jönsson
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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Pérez Pavón JL, Casas Ferreira AM, Fernández Laespada ME, Moreno Cordero B. In situ derivatization reaction and determination of ibuprofen in water samples using headspace generation-programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6728-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605
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Zorita S, Mårtensson L, Mathiasson L. Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals in a municipal sewage treatment system in the south of Sweden. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:2760-70. [PMID: 19157523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and removal rate of seven pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, fluoxetine, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin), two metabolites (norfluoxetine, clofibric acid), one degradation product (4-isobutylacetophenone) and 3 estrogens (17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 17beta-estradiol, estrone) were studied in the inlet and outlet of a tertiary sewage treatment plant (STP) in Sweden as well as between different treatment steps in the STP which includes a conventional activated sludge step. Pharmaceuticals in raw household and raw hospital sewage streams leading to the STP were as well investigated. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) of each treatment step was considered for sampling and for the calculation of the removal rates. These rates were above 90%, except for diclofenac, clofibric acid, estrone and ofloxacin. However, only diclofenac and naproxen showed significant effluent loads (>145 mg/d/1000 inh). Diclofenac was not eliminated during the treatment and in fact even higher concentrations were found at the effluent than in the inlet of the STP. 17alpha-Ethinylestradiol was not detected in any of the samples. Results indicate that a STP such as the one in Kristianstad, Sweden, with a tertiary treatment is sufficient to remove significantly most of the investigated pharmaceuticals. The chemical treatment improved the removal of several pharmaceuticals especially the antibiotics, which showed step removal rates between 55 and 70%. The expected concentration levels of the pharmaceuticals in the surface water (dilution 1 to 10) close to the outlet of the STP are below the no-observed effect-concentration (NOEC). However, despite that this would imply no important effects in the aquatic environment one cannot rule out negative consequences nearby the STP because most of the NOEC values are derived from acute toxicity data. This may underestimate the real impact of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Zorita
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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Wong CS, MacLeod SL. JEM spotlight: recent advances in analysis of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:923-36. [PMID: 19436850 DOI: 10.1039/b819464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both ecosystem and human health rely on clean, abundant supplies of water, thus many classes of potential pollutants are regulated. In recent years, the possible risks associated with largely uncontrolled inputs of pharmaceuticals to rivers, lakes, groundwater, and coastal waters, mainly via wastewater, have been a focus of much research. During this time, our capacity to sequester, identify, and quantify pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices has improved. Devices have emerged to allow passive uptake of drugs to augment or replace laborious grab sampling. Advances in sample preparation have streamlined extraction procedures and removed interfering matrix components. New instrumental techniques have allowed faster, more accurate and sensitive detection of drugs in water samples. This review highlights all of these advances, from sample collection to instrumental analysis, which will continue to help us better understand the fate and effects of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Wong
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada.
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