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Harris AR, Grayden DB, John SE. Electrochemistry in a Two- or Three-Electrode Configuration to Understand Monopolar or Bipolar Configurations of Platinum Bionic Implants. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:722. [PMID: 37420955 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrodes are used in vivo for chemical sensing, electrophysiological recording, and stimulation of tissue. The electrode configuration used in vivo is often optimised for a specific anatomy and biological or clinical outcomes, not electrochemical performance. Electrode materials and geometries are constrained by biostability and biocompatibility issues and may be required to function clinically for decades. We performed benchtop electrochemistry, with changes in reference electrode, smaller counter-electrode sizes, and three- or two-electrode configurations. We detail the effects different electrode configurations have on typical electroanalytical techniques used on implanted electrodes. Changes in reference electrode required correction by application of an offset potential. In a two-electrode configuration with similar working and reference/counter-electrode sizes, the electrochemical response was dictated by the rate-limiting charge transfer step at either electrode. This could invalidate calibration curves, standard analytical methods, and equations, and prevent use of commercial simulation software. We provide methods for determining if an electrode configuration is affecting the in vivo electrochemical response. We recommend sufficient details be provided in experimental sections on electronics, electrode configuration, and their calibration to justify results and discussion. In conclusion, the experimental limitations of performing in vivo electrochemistry may dictate what types of measurements and analyses are possible, such as obtaining relative rather than absolute measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - David B Grayden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Sam E John
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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2
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Shergill R, Patel BA. The Effects of Material Extrusion Printing Speed on the Electrochemical Activity of Carbon Black/Polylactic Acid Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- University of Brighton School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Lewes Road BN2 4GJ Brighton UNITED KINGDOM
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3
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Melo Henrique J, Rocha Camargo J, Gabriel de Oliveira G, Santos Stefano J, Campos Janegitz B. Disposable electrochemical sensor based on shellac and graphite for sulfamethoxazole detection. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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4
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Paixão GA, Souza TG, Pradela Filho LA, Ferreira MV, Takeuchi RM, Assunção RMN, Kikuti E. Low‐cost
conductive films based on graphite and cellulose acetate as promising electroanalytical platforms. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A. Paixão
- Department Center of Education and Human Sciences Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | - Thaís G. Souza
- Pontal Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences Federal University of Uberlândia Ituiutaba Brazil
| | | | - Marcos V. Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
| | - Regina M. Takeuchi
- Pontal Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences Federal University of Uberlândia Ituiutaba Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
| | - Rosana M. N. Assunção
- Pontal Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences Federal University of Uberlândia Ituiutaba Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
| | - Elaine Kikuti
- Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
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5
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Harris A. Understanding Charge Transfer on the Clinically Used Conical Utah Electrode Array: Charge Storage Capacity, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Effective Electrode Area. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33401255 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abd897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Utah electrode is used for pre/clinical studies on neural recording and stimulation. Anecdotal and empirical reports on their performance have been made, resulting in variable testing methods. An in depth investigation was performed to understand the electrochemical behaviour and charge transfer mechanisms occurring on these clinically important electrodes. APPROACH Platinum and iridium electrodes were assessed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effective electrode area was measured by reduction of Ru(NH3)63+. MAIN RESULTS Pristine Utah electrodes have little to no oxide present and the surface roughness is very low. Pristine iridium electrodes pass charge through capacitance and oxide formation. Hydride and anion adsorption occurs on the platinum electrode. Anodic current oxidises both metal surfaces, altering the charge transfer mechanisms at the electrode-solution interface. The charge storage capacity depends on measurement technique and electrode structure, providing no information on charge transfer mechanisms. Electrode oxidation increases pseudocapacitance, reducing impedance. Charge transfer was non-homogeneous, most likely due to the electrode geometry enhancing charge density at the electrode tip and base. Oxidation of the electrode surface enhanced charge transfer inhomogeneity. The effective electrode area could be measured by reduction of Ru(NH3)63+ and calculated with a finite cone geometry. SIGNIFICANCE Increasing electrode pseudocapacitance, demonstrated by metal oxidation, reduces impedance. Increasing electrode capacitance offers a potential route to reducing thermal noise and increasing signal-to-noise ratio of neural recording. The effective electrode area of conical electrodes can be measured. The charge density of the conical electrode was greater than expected on a planar disc electrode, indicating modification of electrode geometry can increase an electrodes safe charge injection capacity. In vivo electrochemical measurements often don't include sufficient details to understand the electrode behaviour. Electrode oxidation most likely accounts for a significant amount of variation in previously published Utah electrode impedance data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Harris
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, Melbourne, Victoria, 3065, AUSTRALIA
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Dias AA, Chagas CLS, Silva-Neto HDA, Lobo-Junior EO, Sgobbi LF, de Araujo WR, Paixão TRLC, Coltro WKT. Environmentally Friendly Manufacturing of Flexible Graphite Electrodes for a Wearable Device Monitoring Zinc in Sweat. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39484-39492. [PMID: 31524381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors based on graphite and polymers have emerged as powerful analytical tools for bioanalytical applications. However, most of the fabrication processes are not environmentally friendly because they often involve the use of toxic reagents and generate waste. This study describes an alternative method to produce flexible electrodes in plastic substrates using graphite powder and thermal laminating sheets by solid-solid deposition through hot compression, without the use of hazardous chemical reagents. The electrodes developed through the proposed approach have successfully demonstrated flexibility, robustness, reproducibility (relative standard deviation around 6%), and versatility. The electrodes were thoroughly characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. As a proof of concept, the electrode surfaces were modified with bismuth and used for zinc analysis in sweat. The modified electrodes presented linearity (R2 = 0.996) for a wide zinc concentration range (50-2000 ppb) and low detection limit (4.31 ppb). The proposed electrodes were tested using real sweat samples and the achieved zinc concentrations did not differ statistically from the data obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy. To allow wearable applications, a 3D-printed device was fabricated, integrated with the proposed electrochemical system, and fixed at the abdomen by using an elastic tape to collect, store, and analyze the sweat sample. The matrix effect test was performed, spiking the real sample with different zinc levels, and the recovery values varied between 85 and 106%, thus demonstrating adequate accuracy and robustness of the flexible electrodes developed based on the proposed fabrication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson A Dias
- Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Goiás 74690-900 , Brazil
| | - Cyro L S Chagas
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , São Paulo 05508-000 , Brazil
| | | | - Eulício O Lobo-Junior
- Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Goiás 74690-900 , Brazil
| | - Lívia F Sgobbi
- Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Goiás 74690-900 , Brazil
| | - William R de Araujo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas , São Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , São Paulo 05508-000 , Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica , Campinas , São Paulo 13084-971 , Brazil
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Goiás 74690-900 , Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica , Campinas , São Paulo 13084-971 , Brazil
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Harris AR, Allitt BJ, Paolini AG. Predicting neural recording performance of implantable electrodes. Analyst 2019; 144:2973-2983. [PMID: 30888346 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recordings of neural activity can be used to aid communication, control prosthetic devices or alleviate disease symptoms. Chronic recordings require a high signal-to-noise ratio that is stable for years. Current cortical devices generally fail within months to years after implantation. Development of novel devices to increase lifetime requires valid testing protocols and a knowledge of the critical parameters controlling electrophysiological performance. Here we present electrochemical and electrophysiological protocols for assessing implantable electrodes. Biological noise from neural recording has significant impact on signal-to-noise ratio. A recently developed surgical approach was utilised to reduce biological noise. This allowed correlation of electrochemical and electrophysiological behaviour. The impedance versus frequency of modified electrodes was non-linear. It was found that impedance at low frequencies was a stronger predictor of electrophysiological performance than the typically reported impedance at 1 kHz. Low frequency impedance is a function of electrode area, and a strong correlation of electrode area with electrophysiological response was also seen. Use of these standardised testing protocols will allow future devices to be compared before transfer to preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Harris
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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The effects of printing orientation on the electrochemical behaviour of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/carbon black electrodes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9135. [PMID: 29904165 PMCID: PMC6002470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing also known as 3D printing is being utilised in electrochemistry to reproducibly develop complex geometries with conductive properties. In this study, we explored if the electrochemical behavior of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/carbon black electrodes was influenced by printing direction. The electrodes were printed in both horizontal and vertical directions. The horizsontal direction resulted in a smooth surface (HPSS electrode) and a comparatively rougher surface (HPRS electrode) surface. Electrodes were characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. For various redox couples, the vertical printed (VP) electrode showed enhanced current response when compared the two electrode surfaces generated by horizontal print direction. No differences in the capacitive response was observed, indicating that the conductive surface area of all types of electrodes were identical. The VP electrode had reduced charge transfer resistance and uncompensated solution resistance when compared to the HPSS and HPRS electrodes. Overall, electrodes printed in a vertical direction provide enhanced electrochemical performance and our study indicates that print orientation is a key factor that can be used to enhance sensor performance.
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Silva AL, Corrêa MM, de Oliveira GC, Michel RC, Semaan FS, Ponzio EA. Development and application of a routine robust graphite/poly(lactic acid) composite electrode for the fast simultaneous determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in jewelry by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03501f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A handcrafted, low cost sustainable electrochemical sensor based on graphite/PLA was developed and applied for the simultaneous quantification of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in jewelry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Silva
- Grupo de Eletroquímica e Eletroanalítica (G2E) – Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói
- Brazil
| | - Matheus Millen Corrêa
- Grupo de Eletroquímica e Eletroanalítica (G2E) – Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói
- Brazil
| | - Grasielli Correa de Oliveira
- Grupo de Eletroquímica e Eletroanalítica (G2E) – Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói
- Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cunha Michel
- Laboratório de Integração em Tecnologia Analítica (LabITAn) – Departamento de Química Analítica do Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Cidade Universitária – Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Felipe Silva Semaan
- Grupo de Eletroquímica e Eletroanalítica (G2E) – Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói
- Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ariel Ponzio
- Grupo de Eletroquímica e Eletroanalítica (G2E) – Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói
- Brazil
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10
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Portales MV, Lazo Fraga AR, Díaz García AM, García-Zaldívar O, Peláiz Barranco A, Aguilar Frutis MA. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy analysis for graphene-modified solid-state electrode transducers. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Electrochemical synthesis, characterisation and comparative study of new conducting polymers from amino-substituted naphthalene sulfonic acids. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Harris AR, Molino PJ, Paolini AG, Wallace GG. Effective Area and Charge Density of Chondroitin Sulphate Doped PEDOT Modified Electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Shestakova M, Graves J, Sitarz M, Sillanpää M. Optimization of Ti/Ta2O5–SnO2 electrodes and reaction parameters for electrocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-016-0925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Barsan MM, Ghica ME, Brett CMA. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on redox polymer/carbon nanotube modified electrodes: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 881:1-23. [PMID: 26041516 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present the contributions to the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on polyphenazine or polytriphenylmethane redox polymers together with carbon nanotubes (CNT) during recent years. Phenazine polymers have been widely used in analytical applications due to their inherent charge transport properties and electrocatalytic effects. At the same time, since the first report on a CNT-based sensor, their application in the electroanalytical chemistry field has demonstrated that the unique structure and properties of CNT are ideal for the design of electrochemical (bio)sensors. We describe here that the specific combination of phenazine/triphenylmethane polymers with CNT leads to an improved performance of the resulting sensing devices, because of their complementary electrical, electrochemical and mechanical properties, and also due to synergistic effects. The preparation of polymer/CNT modified electrodes will be presented together with their electrochemical and surface characterization, with emphasis on the contribution of each component on the overall properties of the modified electrodes. Their importance in analytical chemistry is demonstrated by the numerous applications based on polymer/CNT-driven electrocatalytic effects, and their analytical performance as (bio) sensors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina M Barsan
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Emilia Ghica
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christopher M A Brett
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Harris AR, Molino PJ, Kapsa RMI, Clark GM, Paolini AG, Wallace GG. Optical and Electrochemical Methods for Determining the Effective Area and Charge Density of Conducting Polymer Modified Electrodes for Neural Stimulation. Anal Chem 2014; 87:738-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503733s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Harris
- School of Psychological
Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Paul J. Molino
- Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Robert M. I. Kapsa
- Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department
of Neurosciences, St. Vincents Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Graeme M. Clark
- School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Antonio G. Paolini
- Health Innovations Research
Institute, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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16
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Fagan-Murphy A, Patel BA. Compressed multiwall carbon nanotube composite electrodes provide enhanced electroanalytical performance for determination of serotonin. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Ryu JH, Lee GJ, Kim WS, Lim HE, Mativenga M, Park KC, Park HK. All-Carbon Electrode Consisting of Carbon Nanotubes on Graphite Foil for Flexible Electrochemical Applications. MATERIALS 2014; 7:1975-1983. [PMID: 28788550 PMCID: PMC5453279 DOI: 10.3390/ma7031975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of an all-carbon electrode by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for use in flexible electrochemical applications. The electrode is composed of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes that are grown directly on a flexible graphite foil. Being all-carbon, the simple fabrication process and the excellent electrochemical characteristics present an approach through which high-performance, highly-stable and cost-effective electrochemical applications can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Hwang Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Industry Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Industry Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Wan-Sun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Industry Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Han-Eol Lim
- Department of Information Display and Advanced Display Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Mallory Mativenga
- Department of Information Display and Advanced Display Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Chang Park
- Department of Information Display and Advanced Display Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Hun-Kuk Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Industry Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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Prathish KP, Barsan MM, Geng D, Sun X, Brett CM. Chemically modified graphene and nitrogen-doped graphene: Electrochemical characterisation and sensing applications. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Recent advances in graphite powder-based electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3525-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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21
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Barsan MM, Pinto EM, Brett CMA. Methylene blue and neutral red electropolymerisation on AuQCM and on modified AuQCM electrodes: an electrochemical and gravimetric study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:5462-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Pinto EM, Barsan MM, Brett CMA. Mechanism of Formation and Construction of Self-Assembled Myoglobin/Hyaluronic Acid Multilayer Films: An Electrochemical QCM, Impedance, and AFM Study. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15354-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107107b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Pinto
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. M. Barsan
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. M. A. Brett
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Barsan MM, Pinto EM, Brett CM. Interaction between myoglobin and hyaluronic acid in layer-by-layer structures—An electrochemical study. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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dsDNA modified carbon nanofiber—solidified paste electrodes: probing Ni(II)—dsDNA interactions. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Gursoy SS, Uygun (GOK) A, Tilki T. Synthesis and Characterization of Some N-substituted Polypyrrole Derivatives: Towards Glucose Sensing Electrodes. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2010.483376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Fernandes DM, Simões SM, Carapuça HM, Brett CM, Cavaleiro AM. Novel poly(hexylmethacrylate) composite carbon electrodes modified with Keggin-type tungstophosphate-tetrabutylammonium salts. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Screen-printed sensor for batch and flow injection potentiometric chromium(VI) monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:331-338. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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A new modified conducting carbon composite electrode as sensor for ascorbate and biosensor for glucose. Bioelectrochemistry 2009; 76:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Pauliukaite R, Ghica ME, Fatibello-Filho O, Brett CMA. Comparative Study of Different Cross-Linking Agents for the Immobilization of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes within a Chitosan Film Supported on a Graphite−Epoxy Composite Electrode. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5364-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900464z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Pauliukaite
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Emilia Ghica
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando Fatibello-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Christopher M. A. Brett
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
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