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Lach P, Garcia-Cruz A, Canfarotta F, Groves A, Kalecki J, Korol D, Borowicz P, Nikiforow K, Cieplak M, Kutner W, Piletsky SA, Sharma PS. Electroactive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for selective glyphosate determination. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115381. [PMID: 37267687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles selective for glyphosate, MIP-Gly NPs, were devised, synthesized, and subsequently integrated onto platinum screen-printed electrodes (Pt-SPEs) to fabricate a chemosensor for selective determination of glyphosate (Gly) without the need for redox probe in the test solution. That was because, ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate was added to the polymerization mixtures during the NPs synthesis so that the resulting MIP-Gly NPs contained covalently immobilized ferrocenyl moieties as the reporting redox ingredient, conferring these NPs with electroactive properties. MIP-Gly NPs of four different compositions were evaluated. The herein described approach represents a simple and effective way to endow MIP NPs with electrochemical reporting capabilities with neither the need to functionalize them post-synthesis nor to use electrochemical mediators present in the tested solution during the analyte determinations. MIP-Gly NPs synthesized using allylamine and squaramide-based monomers appeared most selective to Gly. The Pt-SPEs modified with MIP-Gly NPs were characterized with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Changes in the DPV peak originating from the oxidation of the ferrocenyl moieties in these MIP-Gly NPs served as the analytical signal. The DPV limit of detection and the linear dynamic concentration range for Gly were 3.7 pM and 25 pM-500 pM, respectively. Moreover, the selectivity of the fabricated chemosensors was sufficiently high to determine Gly successfully in spiked river water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Lach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Cruz
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alistair Groves
- MIP Discovery, Colworth Science Park, MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Kalecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Korol
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Borowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kostiantyn Nikiforow
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Cieplak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wlodzimierz Kutner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sergey A Piletsky
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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Takács E, Gémes B, Szendrei F, Keszei C, Barócsi A, Lenk S, Domján L, Mörtl M, Székács A. Utilization of a Novel Immunofluorescence Instrument Prototype for the Determination of the Herbicide Glyphosate. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196514. [PMID: 36235051 PMCID: PMC9570942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (ELFIA) method has been developed for the quantitative analytical determination of the herbicide active ingredient glyphosate in environmental matrices (surface water, soil, and plant tissues). Glyphosate, as a ubiquitous agricultural pollutant, is a xenobiotic substance with exposure in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems due its extremely high worldwide application rate. The immunoassay developed in Project Aquafluosense is part of a fluorescence-based instrumentation setup for the in situ determination of several characteristic water quality parameters. The 96-well microplate-based competitive immunoassay method applies fluorescence signal detection in the concentration range of 0–100 ng/mL glyphosate. Application of the fluorescent signal provides a limit of detection of 0.09 ng/mL, which is 2.5-fold lower than that obtained with a visual absorbance signal. Beside the improved limit of detection, determination by fluorescence provided a wider and steeper dynamic range for glyphosate detection. No matrix effect appeared for the undiluted surface water samples, while plant tissues and soil samples required dilution rates of 1:10 and 1:100, respectively. No cross-reaction was determined with the main metabolite of glyphosate, N-aminomethylphosphonic acid, and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Takács
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman O. út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1796-0400
| | - Borbála Gémes
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman O. út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Szendrei
- Institute of Isotopes Co. Ltd., Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Keszei
- Institute of Isotopes Co. Ltd., Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Barócsi
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Lenk
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Domján
- Optimal Optik Ltd., Dayka Gábor u. 6/B, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Mörtl
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman O. út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Székács
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman O. út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
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Zambrano-Intriago LA, Amorim CG, Rodríguez-Díaz JM, Araújo AN, Montenegro MCBSM. Challenges in the design of electrochemical sensor for glyphosate-based on new materials and biological recognition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148496. [PMID: 34182449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the main ingredient in the weed killer Roundup and the most widely used pesticide in the world. Studies of the harmful effects of GLY on human health began to become more wide-ranging after 2015. GLY is listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a carcinogenic hazard to humans. Moreover, GLY has the property to complex with transition metals and are stable for long periods, being considered a high-risk element for different matrices, such as environmental (soil and water) and food (usually genetically modified crops). Since that, it was noticed an increment in the development of new analytical methods for its determination in different matrices like food, environmental and biological fluids. Noteworthy, the application of electrochemical techniques for downstream detection sparked interest due to the ability to minimize or eliminate the use of polluting chemicals, using simple and affordable equipment. This work aims to review the contribution of the electroanalytical methods for the determination of GLY in different food and environmental matrices. Parameters such as the electrochemical transduction techniques based on the electrical measurement signals, receptor materials for electrodes preparation, and the detection mechanisms are described in this review. The literature review shows that the electrochemical sensors are powerful detection system that can be improved by their design and by their portability to fulfil the needs of the GLY determination in laboratory benches, or even in situ analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Zambrano-Intriago
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador.
| | - Célia G Amorim
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Alberto N Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Maria C B S M Montenegro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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Sun F, Ye XL, Wang YB, Yue ML, Li P, Yang L, Liu YL, Fu Y. NPA-Cu 2+ Complex as a Fluorescent Sensing Platform for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Glyphosate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9816. [PMID: 34575982 PMCID: PMC8469908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a highly effective, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum herbicide, which is extensively used in global agriculture to control weeds and vegetation. However, glyphosate has become a potential threat to human and ecosystem because of its excessive usage and its bio-concentration in soil and water. Herein, a novel turn-on fluorescent probe, N-n-butyl-4-(3-pyridin)ylmethylidenehydrazine-1,8-naphthalimide (NPA), is proposed. It efficiently detected Cu2+ within the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.21 μM and displayed a dramatic turn-off fluorescence response in CH3CN. NPA-Cu2+ complex was employed to selectively and sensitively monitor glyphosate concentrations in real samples accompanied by a fluorescence turn-on mode. A good linear relationship between NPA and Cu2+ of glyphosate was found in the range of 10-100 μM with an LOD of 1.87 μM. Glyphosate exhibited a stronger chelation with Cu2+ than NPA and the system released free NPA through competitive coordination. The proposed method demonstrates great potential in quantitatively detecting glyphosate in tap water, local water from Songhua River, soil, rice, millet, maize, soybean, mung bean, and milk with mild conditions, and is a simple procedure with obvious consequences and no need for large instruments or pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (Y.-B.W.); (M.-L.Y.); (P.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Xin-Lu Ye
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yu-Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (Y.-B.W.); (M.-L.Y.); (P.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Ming-Li Yue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (Y.-B.W.); (M.-L.Y.); (P.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (Y.-B.W.); (M.-L.Y.); (P.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (Y.-B.W.); (M.-L.Y.); (P.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yu-Long Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (Y.-B.W.); (M.-L.Y.); (P.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (Y.-B.W.); (M.-L.Y.); (P.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
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Çakır O, Bakhshpour M, Göktürk I, Yılmaz F, Baysal Z. Sensitive and selective detection of amitrole based on molecularly imprinted nanosensor. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2929. [PMID: 34378825 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SPR sensor used for amitrole detection was prepared without using any modification. Molecularly imprinted SPR sensor enabled high selectivity for amitrole pesticide. Amino acid-based functional monomer MATrp was integrated as a recognition element. Tailor-made SPR sensor enables real-time monitoring of amitrole pesticide. Synthetic recognition sites provided by MATrp were prepared without labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Çakır
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | | | - Ilgım Göktürk
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry Technology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gerede, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Baysal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Development of a colorimetric sensor array based on monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles for discrimination of triazole fungicides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:5297-5308. [PMID: 33855603 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the widespread use of pesticides and their harmful effects on humans and wildlife, monitoring their residual amounts in crops is critically essential but still challenging regarding the development of high-throughput approaches. Herein, a colorimetric sensor array has been proposed for discrimination and identification of triazole fungicides using monometallic and bimetallic silver and gold nanoparticles. Aggregation-induced behavior of AgNPs, AuNPs, and Au-AgNPs in the presence of four triazole fungicides produced a fingerprint response pattern for each analyte. Innovative changes to the metal composition of nanoparticles leads to the production of entirely distinct response patterns that can be used for the detection and discrimination of triazoles. Pattern recognition methods, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis, have been employed for the differentiation of triazoles in the concentration range of 0.1-0.55 μg mL-1. Besides, the sensor array demonstrates promising practicability to satisfactorily distinguished triazole in mixtures and complex media of wheat flour and cucumber samples. The proposed colorimetric sensor array might pave the way towards a cost-effective and rapid, yet sensitive platform for high-throughput monitoring of residual amounts of pesticides for on-site applications.
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7
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Comparison of the performance analytical of two glyphosate electrochemical screening methods based on peroxidase enzyme inhibition. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hou J, Wang X, Lan S, Zhang C, Hou C, He Q, Huo D. A turn-on fluorescent sensor based on carbon dots from Sophora japonica leaves for the detection of glyphosate. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4130-4138. [PMID: 32766639 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) having low cost and low toxicity and synthesized via a green route were applied to establish a fluorescent nanoprobe for the measurement of glyphosate. The synthesis was realized via a one-pot hydrothermal procedure using Sophora japonica leaves as the carbon source. It was found that electron transfer occurred between Fe3+ and the as-prepared CDs. Therefore, Fe3+ exhibited a specific dynamic-quenching toward CDs. However, the electron transfer process was inhibited by glyphosate. The fluorescence of the quenched CDs/Fe3+ system was recovered by the addition of glyphosate. It resulted from the strong complexation between Fe3+ and the functional groups (like -PO3H2 and -COOH) in the glyphosate molecule. These functional groups captured Fe3+ from the CD/Fe3+ system to reduce the electron transfer. With such a design, the rapid detection of glyphosate could be realized by this turn-on fluorescent sensor based on the CD/Fe3+ system. Under optimal conditions, the CD/Fe3+ system showed a concentration-dependent fluorescent response toward glyphosate in the linear range from 0.1 to 16 ppm. The limit of detection was calculated to be as low as 8.75 ppb (3σ/S). In addition, the successful detection of glyphosate in real samples with satisfactory recoveries exhibited a practical application of the CD/Fe3+ nanoprobe in food safety and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Hou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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Noori JS, Mortensen J, Geto A. Recent Development on the Electrochemical Detection of Selected Pesticides: A Focused Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20082221. [PMID: 32326400 PMCID: PMC7218881 DOI: 10.3390/s20082221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are heavily used in agriculture to protect crops from diseases, insects, and weeds. However, only a fraction of the used pesticides reaches the target and the rest slips through the soil, causing the contamination of ground- and surface water resources. Given the emerging interest in the on-site detection of analytes that can replace traditional chromatographic techniques, alternative methods for pesticide measuring have recently encountered remarkable attention. This review gives a focused overview of the literature related to the electrochemical detection of selected pesticides. Here, we focus on the electrochemical detection of three important pesticides; glyphosate, lindane and bentazone using a variety of electrochemical detection techniques, electrode materials, electrolyte media, and sample matrix. The review summarizes the different electrochemical studies and provides an overview of the analytical performances reported such as; the limits of detection and linearity range. This article highlights the advancements in pesticide detection of the selected pesticides using electrochemical methods and point towards the challenges and needed efforts to achieve electrochemical detection suitable for on-site applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Safaa Noori
- IPM—Intelligent Pollutant Monitoring ApS, 2690 Karlslunde, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - John Mortensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Alemnew Geto
- IPM—Intelligent Pollutant Monitoring ApS, 2690 Karlslunde, Denmark
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Pinasseau L, Wiest L, Volatier L, Fones GR, Mills GA, Mermillod-Blondin F, Vulliet E. Calibration and field application of an innovative passive sampler for monitoring groundwater quality. Talanta 2020; 208:120307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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A system composed of polyethylenimine-capped upconversion nanoparticles, copper(II), hydrogen peroxide and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine for colorimetric and fluorometric determination of glyphosate. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:835. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Colorimetric aminotriazole assay based on catalase deactivation-dependent longitudinal etching of gold nanorods. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:565. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Rigobello-Masini M, Pereira EAO, Abate G, Masini JC. Solid-Phase Extraction of Glyphosate in the Analyses of Environmental, Plant, and Food Samples. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Spectrophotometric Detection of Glyphosate in Water by Complex Formation between Bis 5-Phenyldipyrrinate of Nickel (II) and Glyphosate. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the determination of glyphosate based on the monitoring of a complex formation between bis 5-phenyldipyrrinate of nickel (II) and the herbicide was developed. The method showed a short response time (10 s), high selectivity (very low interference from other pesticides and salts), and high sensitivity (LOD 2.07 × 10−7 mol/L, LOQ 9.87 × 10−7 mol/L, and a Kd from 1.75 × 10−6 to 6.95 × 10−6 mol/L). The Job plot showed that complex formation occurs with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The method was successfully applied in potable, urban, groundwater, and residual-treated water samples, showing high precision (0.34–2.9%) and accuracy (87.20–119.04%). The structure of the complex was elucidated through theoretical studies demonstrating that the nickel in the bis 5-phenyldipyrrinate forms a distorted octahedral molecular geometry by expanding its coordination number through one bond with the nitrogen and another with the oxygen of the glyphosate’ carboxyl group, at distances between 1.89–2.08 Å.
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15
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Pozdnyakov IP, Sherin PS, Salomatova VA, Parkhats MV, Grivin VP, Dzhagarov BM, Bazhin NM, Plyusnin VF. Photooxidation of herbicide amitrole in the presence of fulvic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20320-20327. [PMID: 28233210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (Henan ChangSheng Corporation) photoinduced degradation of non-UVA-absorbing herbicide amitrole (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, AMT) as a way for its removal from polluted water was investigated in details. It was shown that the main primary species generated by fulvic acid under UVA radiation, triplet state and hydrated electron, are not directly involved in the herbicide degradation. AMT decays in reactions with secondary intermediates, reactive oxygen species, formed in reactions of the primary ones with dissolved oxygen. Singlet oxygen is responsible for 80% of herbicide oxidation, and •OH and O2-• radicals-for the remaining 20% of AMT. It was found that quantum yield of AMT photodegradation (ϕ 365nm) decreases linearly from 2.2 × 10-3 to 1.2 × 10-3 with the increase of fulvic acid concentration from 1.1 to 30 mg L-1. On the contrary, the increase of AMT concentration from 0.8 to 25 mg L-1 leads to practically linear growth of ϕ 365nm value from 1.8 × 10-4 to 4 × 10-3. Thus, the fulvic acid exhibits a good potential as UVA photooxidizer of organic pollutants sensitive to the singlet oxygen (ϕ 532nm(1O2) = 0.025 at pH 6.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P Pozdnyakov
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya str, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
| | - Peter S Sherin
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
- International Tomography Center, 3a Institutskaya str, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Victoria A Salomatova
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya str, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Marina V Parkhats
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vjacheslav P Grivin
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya str, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Boris M Dzhagarov
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nikolai M Bazhin
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya str, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Victor F Plyusnin
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya str, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
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Clean-up and matrix effect in LC-MS/MS analysis of food of plant origin for high polar herbicides. Food Chem 2017; 230:524-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Khan I, Pandit UJ, Wankar S, Limaye SN. Design of Electrochemical Sensor Based on fMWCNT-CPE Decorated with Ti Nanofilm and Its Electrocatalytic Behavior Towards Aminotriazole. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Laboratory calibration of a POCIS-like sampler based on molecularly imprinted polymers for glyphosate and AMPA sampling in water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2029-2035. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Koskinen WC, Marek LJ, Hall KE. Analysis of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water, plant materials and soil. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:423-32. [PMID: 26454260 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for simple, fast, efficient and sensitive methods of analysis for glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in diverse matrices such as water, plant materials and soil to facilitate environmental research needed to address the continuing concerns related to increasing glyphosate use. A variety of water-based solutions have been used to extract the chemicals from different matrices. Many methods require extensive sample preparation, including derivatization and clean-up, prior to analysis by a variety of detection techniques. This review summarizes methods used during the past 15 years for analysis of glyphosate and AMPA in water, plant materials and soil. The simplest methods use aqueous extraction of glyphosate and AMPA from plant materials and soil, no derivatization, solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns for clean-up, guard columns for separation and confirmation of the analytes by mass spectrometry and quantitation using isotope-labeled internal standards. They have levels of detection (LODs) below the regulatory limits in North America. These methods are discussed in more detail in the review.
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Overview of the Chemcatcher® for the passive sampling of various pollutants in aquatic environments Part B: Field handling and environmental applications for the monitoring of pollutants and their biological effects. Talanta 2016; 148:572-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Overview of the Chemcatcher® for the passive sampling of various pollutants in aquatic environments Part A: Principles, calibration, preparation and analysis of the sampler. Talanta 2015; 148:556-71. [PMID: 26653485 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The passive sampler Chemcatcher(®), which was developed in 2000, can be adapted for various types of water contaminants (e.g., trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides and pharmaceutical residues) depending on the materials chosen for the receiving phase and the membrane. The Chemcatcher(®) has been used in numerous research articles in both laboratory experiments and field exposures, and here we review the state-of-the-art in applying this passive sampler. Part A of this review covers (1) the theory upon which the sampler is based (i.e., brief theory, calculation of water concentration, Performance and Reference Compounds), (2) the preparation of the device (i.e., sampler design, choice of the membrane and disk, mounting of the tool), and (3) calibration procedures (i.e., design of the calibration tank, tested parameters, sampling rates).
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Marek LJ, Koskinen WC. Simplified analysis of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water, vegetation and soil by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:1158-64. [PMID: 24254420 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for a simple, fast, efficient and sensitive method for analysis of glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in diverse matrices such as water, vegetation and soil. RESULTS Aqueous extracts from water, vegetation and soil were passed through reverse-phase and cation-exchange columns and directly injected into a tandem mass spectrometer using only a guard column for separation. Extraction efficiencies from the three matrices were >80% for both glyphosate and AMPA. The method reporting levels (MRLs) for glyphosate in water, vegetation and soil were 3.04 µg L(-1) , 0.05 mg kg(-1) and 0.37 mg kg(-1) respectively. AMPA MRLs were 5.06 µg L(-1) for water, 0.08 mg kg(-1) for vegetation and 0.61 mg kg(-1) for soil. CONCLUSIONS A validated, simple and efficient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for routine analysis of glyphosate and AMPA in water, vegetation and soil that uses minimal sample handling and clean-up will facilitate the additional environmental research needed to address the continuing concerns related to increasing glyphosate use.
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Ding X, Yang KL. Development of an oligopeptide functionalized surface plasmon resonance biosensor for online detection of glyphosate. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5727-33. [PMID: 23675691 DOI: 10.1021/ac400273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for online detection of glyphosate. The surface of the sensing element is decorated with an oligopeptide, TPFDLRPSSDTR, which is identified by using phage display library. This oligopeptide shows high binding specificity for glyphosate (KD = 8.6 μM), probably because of the presence of R and D in the oligopeptide. To detect glyphosate in buffer solution, an SPR gold sensor chip is modified by using the oligopeptide with a surface density of 0.6 1/nm(2). The sensitivity of this oligopeptide-functionalized SPR biosensor is 1.02 RU/μM whereas the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.58 μM. This oligopeptide functionalized SPR biosensor also shows good specificity against other analytes such as glycine, thiacloprid, and imidacloprid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Ding
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117576
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Sánchez-Bayo F, Hyne RV, Kibria G, Doble P. Calibration and field application of Chemcatcher® passive samplers for detecting amitrole residues in agricultural drain waters. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 90:635-639. [PMID: 23525697 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-0983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A passive sampler device suitable for monitoring of residues of the hydrophilic ionic herbicide amitrole in irrigation waterways was developed. Uptake of amitrole on styrenedivinylbenzene-reverse phase sulfonated Empore™ disks was linear and proportional to its water concentration over the range of 1-10 μg/L with a sampling rate of 23.1 mL/day under laboratory flow-through conditions. Performance of the sampler was evaluated by deployment in an agricultural irrigation drain for 10 days. The amount of amitrole adsorbed by the passive samplers compared well with the cumulative mean water concentrations calculated from daily spot samplings of the drain water.
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Biosensor based on ds-DNA decorated chitosan modified multiwall carbon nanotubes for voltammetric biodetection of herbicide amitrole. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:45-51. [PMID: 23603042 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of amitrole and salmon sperm ds-DNA was studied using UV-vis and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at both bare and DNA-modified electrodes. Amitrole showed an oxidation peak at 0.445 V at a bare pencil graphite electrode (PGE). When ds-DNA was added into the amitrole solution, the peak current of amitrole decreased and the peak potential underwent a shift. UV-vis spectra showed that the absorption intensity of the ds-DNA at 260 nm decreased with increasing amitrole concentration, proving the interaction between amitrole and the ds-DNA. The results also showed that amitrole could interact with the ds-DNA molecules via the intercalative binding mode. Finally, a pretreated pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and chitosan (CHIT) decorated with the ds-DNA were tested in order to determine amitrole content in solution. Electrochemical oxidation of amitrole bonded on DNA/MWCNTs-CHIT/PGE was used to obtain an analytical signal. A linear dependence was observed to exist between the peak current and 0.025-2.4 ng mL(-1) amitrole with a detection limit of 0.017 ng mL(-1). The sensor showed a good selectivity and precision for the determination of amitrole. Finally, applicability of the biosensor was evaluated by measuring the analyte in soil and water samples with good selectivity.
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Bataller R, Campos I, Laguarda-Miro N, Alcañiz M, Soto J, Martínez-Máñez R, Gil L, García-Breijo E, Ibáñez-Civera J. Glyphosate detection by means of a voltammetric electronic tongue and discrimination of potential interferents. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 12:17553-68. [PMID: 23250277 PMCID: PMC3571853 DOI: 10.3390/s121217553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new electronic tongue to monitor the presence of glyphosate (a non-selective systemic herbicide) has been developed. It is based on pulse voltammetry and consists in an array of three working electrodes (Pt, Co and Cu) encapsulated on a methacrylate cylinder. The electrochemical response of the sensing array was characteristic of the presence of glyphosate in buffered water (phosphate buffer 0.1 mol · dm-3, pH 6.7). Rotating disc electrode (RDE) studies were carried out with Pt, Co and Cu electrodes in water at room temperature and at pH 6.7 using 0.1 mol · dm-3 of phosphate as a buffer. In the presence of glyphosate, the corrosion current of the Cu and Co electrodes increased significantly, probably due to the formation of Cu2+ or Co2+ complexes. The pulse array waveform for the voltammetric tongue was designed by taking into account some of the redox processes observed in the electrochemical studies. The PCA statistical analysis required four dimensions to explain 95% of variance. Moreover, a two-dimensional representation of the two principal components differentiated the water mixtures containing glyphosate. Furthermore, the PLS statistical analyses allowed the creation of a model to correlate the electrochemical response of the electrodes with glyphosate concentrations, even in the presence of potential interferents such as humic acids and Ca2+. The system offers a PLS prediction model for glyphosate detection with values of 098, -2.3 × 10-5 and 0.94 for the slope, the intercept and the regression coefficient, respectively, which is in agreement with the good fit between the predicted and measured concentrations. The results suggest the feasibility of this system to help develop electronic tongues for glyphosate detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Bataller
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Universidad de Valencia de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Inmaculada Campos
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Universidad de Valencia de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.C.); (J.S.); (R.M.M.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nano medicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Laguarda-Miro
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Universidad de Valencia de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Miguel Alcañiz
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Universidad de Valencia de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Camino de Vera, s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (M.A.); (L.G.); (E.G.B.); (J.I.C.)
| | - Juan Soto
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Universidad de Valencia de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.C.); (J.S.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Universidad de Valencia de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.C.); (J.S.); (R.M.M.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nano medicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luís Gil
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Universidad de Valencia de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Camino de Vera, s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (M.A.); (L.G.); (E.G.B.); (J.I.C.)
| | - Eduardo García-Breijo
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Universidad de Valencia de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Camino de Vera, s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (M.A.); (L.G.); (E.G.B.); (J.I.C.)
| | - Javier Ibáñez-Civera
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Universidad de Valencia de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Camino de Vera, s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (M.A.); (L.G.); (E.G.B.); (J.I.C.)
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Horčičiak M, Masár M, Bodor R, Danč L, Bel P. Trace analysis of glyphosate in water by capillary electrophoresis on a chip with high sample volume loadability. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:674-80. [PMID: 22271676 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the determination of trace glyphosate (GLYP), non-selective pesticide, by CZE with online ITP pre-treatment of drinking waters on a column-coupling (CC) chip has been developed. CC chip was equipped with two injection channels of 0.9 and 9.9 μL volumes, two separation channels of 9.3 μL total volume and a pair of conductivity detectors. A very effective ITP sample clean-up performed in the first channel at low pH (3.2) was introduced for quick CZE resolution and detection of GLYP carried out at higher pH (6.1) in the second channel on the CC chip. The LOD for GLYP was estimated at 2.5 μg/L (15 nmol/L) using a 9.9 |mL volume of the injection channel. ITP-CZE analyses of model and real samples have provided very favorable intra-day (0.1-1.2% RSD) and inter-day (2.9% RSD) repeatabilities of the migration time for GLYP while 0.2-6.9% RSD values were typical for the peak area data. Recoveries of GLYP in spiked drinking water varied in the range of 99-109%. A minimum pre-treatment of drinking water (degassing and dilution) and a short analysis time (ca. 10 min) were distinctive features of ITP-CZE determinations of GLYP on the CC chip with high sample volume loaded, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Horčičiak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Li T, Zhou Y, Sun J, Wu K. Ultrasensitive Detection of Glyphosate Using CdTe Quantum Dots in Sol-Gel-Derived Silica Spheres Coated with Calix[6]arene as Fluorescent Probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Richardson SD, Ternes TA. Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4614-48. [PMID: 21668018 DOI: 10.1021/ac200915r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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