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Rajendran E, Loganathan S, Santhiya R, Sivaraman G, Perumal MS. 5-Oxo-7,7-Dimethyl-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-4-H-Chromene Bearing N, N-Dimethylaniline as Turn-Off Fluorescent Chemosensor for Picric Acid in Real Water Sample. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03886-4. [PMID: 39120745 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
We have synthesized a one-pot, three-component pyran-based fluorescence chemosensor using onion extract as a green catalyst. The confirmed structure of the 1:2 binding of receptor SPR-2-picric acid adduct revealed that the pyran-based receptor accommodated two guest picric acid molecules through non-covalent interactions. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy show high selectivity and sensitivity towards picric acid. The 1D/2D NMR and Job's plot analysis show the complexation and stoichiometric binding of the receptor SPR-2 with picric acid are 1:2. The 1H NMR spectral studies confirm that the formation of receptor SPR-2-picric acid adduct via weak hydrogen bonding. The cooperativity of the receptor SPR-2-picric acid adduct shows negative cooperativity due to the weak hydrogen bonding of receptor SPR-2 and picric acid. Further, the density functional theory (DFT) confirmed the molecular level interaction of the SPR-2 and receptor SPR-2-Picric acid adduct. The receptor was effectively used to assess picric acid concentrations in real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswaran Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil nadu, 624302, India
| | - Selvaraj Loganathan
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil nadu, 624302, India
| | - Ramasamy Santhiya
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil nadu, 624302, India
| | - Gandhi Sivaraman
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil nadu, 624302, India
| | - Muthu Seenivasa Perumal
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil nadu, 624302, India.
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2
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van Damme IM, Hulsbergen AWC, Allers S, Bezemer KDB, Miller JV, van Asten AC. A study into the natural occurrence of inorganic ions relevant to forensic explosives investigations on human hands. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 361:112119. [PMID: 38917507 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The natural occurrence of 16 inorganic ions relevant to forensic explosives investigations on human hands was studied to support the evaluation of activity-level propositions when such traces are found on the hands or in the fingerprints of a suspect. A total of 594 hand swab extracts from 297 participants throughout Europe and the United States of America were analyzed using Ion Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry. The data provides a reference framework for future covert investigations and forensic casework. The results indicate that thiocyanate, chlorate, nitrite, lithium, strontium, and barium are rarely detected on the hands of individuals who have had no direct contact with explosives (P<0.03) and in quantities below 6 µg. Perchlorate contamination sporadically occurs without deliberately handling perchlorates (P=0.03), albeit at low levels (<12 µg). It also seems that the presence of perchlorate on hands is generally related to professions that involve explosives. Detecting substantial amounts of any of these rare ions on a suspect's hands would require a specific explanation. Because legitimate activities exist that can also result in elevated levels of ions of interest on hands, the context surrounding their presence has to be carefully assessed for each individual case.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M van Damme
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - S Allers
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - K D B Bezemer
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - J V Miller
- Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, VA, USA
| | - A C van Asten
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CLHC, Center for Forensic Science and Medicine, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Banerjee B, Ali A, Kumar S, Verma RK, Verma VK, Singh RC. Tellurium Containing Long Lived Emissive Fluorophore for Selective and Visual Detection of Picric Acid through Photo-Induced Electron Transfer. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400035. [PMID: 38552142 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A novel tellurium (Te) containing fluorophore, 1 and its nickel (2) and copper (3) containing metal organic complex (MOC) have been synthesized to exploit their structural and optical properties and to deploy these molecules as fluorescent probes for the selective and sensitive detection of picric acid (PA) over other commonly available nitro-explosives. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) techniques revealed the inclusion of "soft" Tellurium (Te) and "hard" Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O) atoms in the molecular frameworks. Owing to the presence of electron rich "N" and "O" atoms along with "Te" in the molecular framework, 1 could efficiently and selectively sense PA with more than 80 % fluorescence quenching efficiency in organic medium and having detection limit of 4.60 μM. The selective detection of PA compared to other nitro-explosives follows a multi-mechanism based "turn-off" sensing which includes photo-induced electron transfer (PET), electrostatic (π-π stacking and π-anion/cation) interaction, intermolecular hydrogen bonding and inner filter effect (IFE). The test strip study also establishes the sensitivity of 1 for detection of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Banerjee
- Department of Forensic Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Afsar Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | | | - Vinay Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Ram Chandra Singh
- Department of Physics, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India
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4
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Patir K. Fluorescent Carbon Nitride Nanoparticles for Picric Acid Sensing. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03811-9. [PMID: 38874826 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Detection of nitroaromatic explosives is essential in the area of environmental safety. Fluorescent carbon nitride nanoparticles is a promising material for this purpose. Herein, we have prepared fluorescent carbon nitride nanoparticles (CNNPs) by one step thermal treatment of formamide. These fluorescent CNNPs is sensitive towards picric acid (PA) than other analytes both in aqueous medium and on test paper which is witnessed by fluorescence quenching based on inner filter effect (IFE). The PA detection with the fluorescent CNNPs is observed in the concentration ranges, 0 µM to 60 µM with linear range of 10 nM to 25 µM. The minimum detection limit in aqueous medium and solid phase are determined to be 26.20 nM and 10 µM respectively. Finally, the fluorescent CNNPs is applied for detection of PA in real water samples. The recoveries are in the ranges from 99.54 to 116.35% with relative standard deviation less than 3.85%. This proposed fluorescent method can act as suitable analytical technique to monitored PA concentration in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemnath Patir
- Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
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Głosz K, Fabin M, Janasik P, Kołodziej W, Stolarczyk A, Jarosz T. The Failure of Molecular Imprinting in Conducting Polymers: A Case Study of Imprinting Picric Acid on Polycarbazole. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:424. [PMID: 38257519 PMCID: PMC11154421 DOI: 10.3390/s24020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the potential of utilising molecularly imprinted polycarbazole layers to detect highly toxic picric acid (PA) and to provide information about their performance. Quantum chemical calculations showed that strong interactions occur between PA and carbazole (bond energy of approximately 31 kJ/mol), consistent with the theoretical requirements for effective molecular imprinting. The performance of the sensors, however, was found to be highly limited, with the observed imprinting factor values for polycarbazole (PCz) layers being 1.77 and 0.95 for layers deposited on Pt and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, respectively. Moreover, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layers showed worse performance than unmodified Pt or GC electrodes, for which the lowest limit of detection (LOD) values were determined (LOD values of 0.09 mM and 0.26 mM, respectively, for bare Pt and MIP PCz/Pt, as well as values of 0.11 mM and 0.57 mM for bare GC and MIP PCz/GC). The MIP layers also showed limited selectivity and susceptibility to interfering agents. An initial hypothesis on the reasons for such performance was postulated based on the common properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Głosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Magdalena Fabin
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Weronika Kołodziej
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
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Yang L, Hu W, Pei F, Du B, Tong Z, Mu X, Xia M, Wang F, Liu B. Novel dual-emission fluorescence imprinted sensor based on Mg, N-CDs and metal-organic frameworks for rapid and smart detection of 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol. Talanta 2024; 266:125115. [PMID: 37657376 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and real-time detection of 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (TNP) is of great importance for the living environment and human health. Herein, we constructed an innovative ratiometric fluorescence imprinted sensor with fast response and high selectivity based on magnesium and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Mg, N-CDs) and chromium telluride quantum dots (r-CdTe) self-assembled in zirconium-based metal organic frameworks (UiO-66) combined with imprinted polymers for the detection of TNP. In the protocol, the introduction of UiO-66 with large specific surface area and porosity using as carrier material significantly enhanced the mass transfer rate, which improved the sensitivity of the Mg, N-CDs/r-CdTe@UiO-66@MIP (LHU@MIP). And the Mg, N-CDs with high quantum yields and r-CdTe were selected as fluorescence emitting elements to yield fluorescence signal, achieving signal amplification. The dual-channel strategy enabled the sensor to not only display a fast fluorescence response, but also generate a dual-response signal under the action of internal filtering effect (IFE). Combining these advantages, the LHU@MIP had a wide linear range (1-100 μM), good detection sensitivity (0.56 μM), and a distinct color change (from blue to pink). Meanwhile, for accurate on-site analysis, we designed a portable smart sensing platform with a color recognizer application. The smartphone enabled visual sensing of TNP by capturing fluorescent images and converting them into digital values. More importantly, the platform was successfully utilized for the analysis of TNP in the simulated actual samples with considerable results. Therefore, the developed platform was characterized by low cost, portability, ideal specificity, and provided a strategy for on-site monitoring of TNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Fubin Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Bin Du
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xihui Mu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Mingzhu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
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7
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Li B, Zappalá G, Dumont E, Boisen A, Rindzevicius T, Schmidt MN, Alstrøm TS. Nitroaromatic explosives' detection and quantification using an attention-based transformer on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy maps. Analyst 2023; 148:4787-4798. [PMID: 37602485 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly and accurately detecting and quantifying the concentrations of nitroaromatic explosives is critical for public health and security. Among existing approaches, explosives' detection with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has received considerable attention due to its high sensitivity. Typically, a preprocessed single spectrum that is the average of the entire or a selected subset of a SERS map is used to train various machine learning models for detection and quantification. Designing an appropriate averaging and preprocessing procedure for SERS maps across different concentrations is time-consuming and computationally costly, and the averaging of spectra may lead to the loss of crucial spectral information. We propose an attention-based vision transformer neural network for nitroaromatic explosives' detection and quantification that takes raw SERS maps as the input without any preprocessing. We produce two novel SERS datasets, 2,4-dinitrophenols (DNP) and picric acid (PA), and one benchmark SERS dataset, 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT), which have repeated measurements down to concentrations of 1 nM to illustrate the detection limit. We experimentally show that our approach outperforms or is on par with the existing methods in terms of detection and concentration prediction accuracy. With the produced attention maps, we can further identify the regions with a higher signal-to-noise ratio in the SERS maps. Based on our findings, the molecule of interest detection and concentration prediction using raw SERS maps is a promising alternative to existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Giulia Zappalá
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elodie Dumont
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel N Schmidt
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Tommy S Alstrøm
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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8
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Verma R, Dhingra G, Kaur M, Garg D, Mohiuddin I, Malik AK. Amine-decorated Zirconium Based Metal Organic Framework for Ultrafast Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol in Aqueous Samples. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2085-2098. [PMID: 36988780 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
An amine-decorated zirconium based metal organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH2 with rod shape morphology was synthesized by solvothermal process using 2-aminoterephthalic acid as an organic linker. Crystallinity of synthesized MOF material was confirmed with PXRD technique. MOF was employed as selective and sensitive sensor for ultra-trace detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) in aqueous matrix, even in coexistence with other competitive nitroaromatic analytes. High value of Stern-Volmer quenching constant Ksv (1.106 × 105 M- 1), plausible photoluminescent quenching efficiency (97.8%) and lower detection limit (0.95 µM/217ng mL- 1) ascertained extraordinary sensitivity of developed MOF for TNP. Density functional theory calculations and electrostatic interactions (i.e. ionic interaction, H-bonding and π-π interaction) indicated that electron and energy transfer processes play a key role in turn-off quenching response of UiO-66-NH2 sensor. Spiked real samples were analysed to validate the developed method, which satisfactorily established the developed MOF sensor as an efficient tool for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpal Verma
- Department of chemistry, Punjabi university, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
- Presently associated with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Govt. college Dabwali, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Gaurav Dhingra
- Punjabi university constituent college, Ghanaur, Patiala, 140702, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of chemistry, Punjabi university, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Deepika Garg
- Department of chemistry, Punjabi university, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Irshad Mohiuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Malik
- Department of chemistry, Punjabi university, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
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9
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Li D, Huang W, Huang R. Analysis of environmental pollutants using ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131952. [PMID: 37399723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The rise of emerging pollutants in the current environment and requirements of trace analysis in complex substrates pose challenges to modern analytical techniques. Ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (IC-MS) is the preferred tool for analyzing emerging pollutants due to its excellent separation ability for polar and ionic compounds with small molecular weight and high detection sensitivity and selectivity. This paper reviews the progress of sample preparation and ion-exchange IC-MS methods in the analysis of several major categories of environmental polar and ionic pollutants including perchlorate, inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds, metalloids and heavy metals, polar pesticides, and disinfection by-products in past two decades. The comparison of various methods to reduce the influence of matrix effect and improve the accuracy and sensitivity of analysis are emphasized throughout the process from sample preparation to instrumental analysis. Furthermore, the human health risks of these pollutants in the environment with natural concentration levels in different environmental medias are also briefly discussed to raise public attention. Finally, the future challenges of IC-MS for analysis of environmental pollutants are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhen Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China.
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Luo Y, Li J, Ding Q, Wang H, Liu C, Wu J. Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:136. [PMID: 37225851 PMCID: PMC10209388 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Breathing is an inherent human activity; however, the composition of the air we inhale and gas exhale remains unknown to us. To address this, wearable vapor sensors can help people monitor air composition in real time to avoid underlying risks, and for the early detection and treatment of diseases for home healthcare. Hydrogels with three-dimensional polymer networks and large amounts of water molecules are naturally flexible and stretchable. Functionalized hydrogels are intrinsically conductive, self-healing, self-adhesive, biocompatible, and room-temperature sensitive. Compared with traditional rigid vapor sensors, hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors can directly fit human skin or clothing, and are more suitable for real-time monitoring of personal health and safety. In this review, current studies on hydrogel-based vapor sensors are investigated. The required properties and optimization methods of wearable hydrogel-based sensors are introduced. Subsequently, existing reports on the response mechanisms of hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors are summarized. Related works on hydrogel-based vapor sensors for their application in personal health and safety monitoring are presented. Moreover, the potential of hydrogels in the field of vapor sensing is elucidated. Finally, the current research status, challenges, and future trends of hydrogel gas/humidity sensing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, Li L, Ma X, Han X, Xing C, Qi X, He R, Arbiol J, Pan H, Zhao J, Deng J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Cabot A. Selective Ethylene Glycol Oxidation to Formate on Nickel Selenide with Simultaneous Evolution of Hydrogen. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300841. [PMID: 36950758 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for cost-effective strategies to produce hydrogen from renewable net-zero carbon sources using renewable energies. In this context, the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction can be boosted by replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with the oxidation of small organic molecules, such as ethylene glycol (EG). EG is a particularly interesting organic liquid with two hydroxyl groups that can be transformed into a variety of C1 and C2 chemicals, depending on the catalyst and reaction conditions. Here, a catalyst is demonstrated for the selective EG oxidation reaction (EGOR) to formate on nickel selenide. The catalyst nanoparticle (NP) morphology and crystallographic phase are tuned to maximize its performance. The optimized NiS electrocatalyst requires just 1.395 V to drive a current density of 50 mA cm-2 in 1 m potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 1 m EG. A combination of in situ electrochemical infrared absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) to monitor the electrocatalytic process and ex situ analysis of the electrolyte composition shows the main EGOR product is formate, with a Faradaic efficiency above 80%. Additionally, C2 chemicals such as glycolate and oxalate are detected and quantified as minor products. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the reaction process show the glycol-to-oxalate pathway to be favored via the glycolate formation, where the CC bond is broken and further electro-oxidized to formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Luming Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xingyu Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xu Han
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Congcong Xing
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
| | - Xueqiang Qi
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
| | - Ren He
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08910, Spain
| | - Huiyan Pan
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yaoyue Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08910, Spain
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12
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Wang Y, Gao N, Hu J. Multi‐responsive Luminescent Probe with Bis‐imidazolyl Biphenyl and Aromatic Polycarboxylic Acids Ligands for Sensing Fe
3+
, Cr
2
O
7
2−
and CrO
4
2−
in Aqueous Solution. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 China
| | - Ningning Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 China
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13
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Ngere J, Ebrahimi KH, Williams R, Pires E, Walsby-Tickle J, McCullagh JSO. Ion-Exchange Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Life Science, Environmental, and Medical Research. Anal Chem 2023; 95:152-166. [PMID: 36625129 PMCID: PMC9835059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith
B. Ngere
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kourosh H. Ebrahimi
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Rachel Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Elisabete Pires
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - John Walsby-Tickle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - James S. O. McCullagh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
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14
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Nazarian A, Presser C. Thermochemical Analysis of Improvised Energetic Materials by Laser-Heating Calorimetry. THERMOCHIMICA ACTA 2022; 718:10.1016/j.tca.2022.179367. [PMID: 36593879 PMCID: PMC9805319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2022.179367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermochemical analysis of six improvised energetic materials was carried out using laser-heating calorimetry to demonstrate the feasibility of this methodology to provide distinctive thermal signatures and information on the material shelf life. The chemicals evaluated were erythritol tetranitrate, hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), poor-man's C-4 (blend of potassium chlorate and petroleum jelly), R-salt (represented by 1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazinane), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), and urea nitrate. The measurement technique records the temperature rise with time, from which one can estimate the material endothermic/exothermic behavior, energy release rate, and total specific energy release (heating value, enthalpy of explosion), as well as the sample mass rate of change. Measurements were carried out in an inert nitrogen environment at laser heating rates up to 60 K/s with steady-state temperatures reaching about 933 K. Sample initial mass was between 1.0 mg and 4.0 mg. Experiments were carried out with freshly prepared samples, as well as refrigerated samples and those stored at room (laboratory) temperature for three years. Results indicated that the samples reacted rapidly between 0.50 s and 0.75 s, being initiated near the material decomposition temperature. The total specific energy release, using two different thermal-analysis models, was calculated and compared to values available in the literature. One model represents sample reaction and decomposition within the spherical reactor volume, while the second represents reactions emanating from sample in a pan centrally positioned within the sphere; the former model was found to be the more appropriate approach for these faster-reacting energetic materials. The thermal signatures (temperature-time derivatives with temperature) were different for each chemical, a feature that may be important for energetic material identification. The initiation and peak reaction temperatures were found to decrease with increasing initial sample mass. Also, the shelf life for TATP and HMTD was found not to degrade under nonideal conditions after three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Nazarian
- Associate, Nanomechanical Properties Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Cary Presser
- Associate, Nanomechanical Properties Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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15
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Wen Z, Wolfs K, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Determination of Inorganic Ions in Parenteral Nutrition Solutions by Ion Chromatography. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165266. [PMID: 36014505 PMCID: PMC9416023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, simple and sensitive ion chromatography (IC) method for the determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and chloride in a parenteral nutrition (PN) solution was developed and validated. Before sample analysis, a sample pretreatment by calcination was applied which could totally remove interference from other constituents of the PN solution. Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and sodium hydroxide were used as the mobile phase for the determination of cations and anions, respectively. The calibration curves showed good correlation between analyte peak area and concentration (r2 > 0.999). Detection limits ranged from 0.0001 to 0.02 mg/L and quantification limits from 0.0002 to 0.06 mg/L. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values for repeatability and inter-day precision did not exceed 1.0% and the recoveries for all analytes were between 99.1−101.1%. The robustness was verified by using an experimental design.
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16
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Detection of Polynitro Compounds at Low Concentrations by SERS Using Ni@Au Nanotubes. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of high-energy compounds in trace concentrations not only in the laboratory, but also in field conditions is of particular interest. The process should be clear, easy, and well-recognizable. We formed SERS-active substrates by using elongated nickel nanotubes synthesized by electrochemical deposition in the pores of ion-track membranes and coated them with gold for further application in the detection of low concentrations of analytes. The substrates were characterized using various techniques to determine the morphology of the nanotubes and modifying gold layer. The possibility of obtaining two types of gold-layer morphology was shown: in the form of a smooth film up to 20–50 nm thick and a coating with nanoneedles up to 250 nm long. The electric fields around the nanotubes were simulated at a laser wavelength of 532 nm to demonstrate the influence of the gold-layer morphology on the field distribution. The “needle” morphology was chosen to form the most effective SERS-active substrates for detection of low concentrations of aromatic polynitro compounds. The spectral peaks were identified by comparing the model and experimental Raman spectra at concentrations down to 10−5 M. Within this limit, all peaks (“fingerprints” of the substance) were clearly distinguishable.
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17
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Manousi N, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Determination of bisphosphonate active pharmaceutical ingredients in pharmaceuticals and biological materials: an updated review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Murugan K, Jothi VK, Rajaram A, Natarajan A. Novel Metal-Free Fluorescent Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer N-CDs@MIP for Highly Selective Detection of TNP. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1368-1379. [PMID: 35036798 PMCID: PMC8756778 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we designed a fluorometric sensor based on nitrogen-passivated carbon dots infused with a molecularly imprinted polymer (N-CDs@MIP) via a reverse microemulsion technique using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a functional monomer, tetraethoxysilane as a cross-linker, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) as a template. The synthesized probe was used for selective and sensitive detection of trace amounts of TNP. The infusion of N-CDs (QY-21.6 percent) with a molecularly imprinted polymer can increase the fluorescent sensor sensitivity to detect TNP. Removal of template molecules leads to the formation of a molecularly imprinted layer, and N-CDs@MIP fluorescence response was quenched by TNP. The developed fluorescence probe shows a fine linear range from 0.5 to 2.5 nM with a detection limit of 0.15 nM. The synthesized fluorescent probe was used to analyze TNP in regular tap and lake water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Murugan
- Department of Chemistry, College of
Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute
of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Jothi
- Department of Chemistry, College of
Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute
of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Arulmozhi Rajaram
- Department of Chemistry, College of
Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute
of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Abirami Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry, College of
Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute
of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
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19
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Liu Y, Sun Q, Zhou H, Gao H, Li D, Li Y. One-dimensional Europium-coordination polymer as luminescent sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120303. [PMID: 34454134 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three isostructural lanthanide coordination polymers (LnCPs), [Ln(L)6(DMF)]n {HL = 2-(2-formylphenoxy) acetic acid, Ln = Sm (1); Eu (2); Tb (3)} have been synthesized by solvothermal reaction and characterized. Single crystal analyses revealed that the architectures of these LnCPs own one dimensional chain which can be further packed into two-dimensional architectures by hydrogen bonds. Moreover, these LnCPs can offer strategically placed uncoordinated formyl groups, which may act as hydrogen-bond acceptor in the sensing of nitro explosives. Luminescence measurements reveal that LnCPs 2 and 3 exhibit strong luminescence in solid states. LnCP 2 shows quick, highly selective and sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) with the high quenching constant (2.6 × 104 M-1) and low detection limit (3.39 μM), which indicates that LnCP 2 is more efficient than most of Eu-based coordination polymers for the sensing of TNP. Furthermore, LnCP 2 represents the first example of one-dimensional Eu-based sensors with formyl group as hydrogen-bonding site in the detection of TNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Dongping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China.
| | - Yongxiu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
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20
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Zeng NN, Ren L, Cui GH. Ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of norfloxacin in aqueous medium employing a 2D Zn(ii)-based coordination polymer. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01537k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 2D fluorescent coordination polymer, {[Zn(L)0.5(mip)] 1.75H2O}n (1), was successfully assembled. 1 was developed as an ultrasensitive fluorescent probe for the sensing of norfloxacin (NOR) in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Zeng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory for Environment Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian New-City, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, P. R. China
| | - Li Ren
- Qian'an College, North China University of Science and Technology, Qian'an, Tangshan, Hebei, 064400, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hua Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory for Environment Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian New-City, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, P. R. China
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21
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Zhao SM, Qiu ZF, Xu ZH, huang Z, Zhao Y, Sun WY. Fluorescent Zn(II) frameworks with multicarboxylate and pyridyl N-donor ligands for sensing specific anions and organic molecules. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3572-3580. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three novel fluorescent Zn(II) frameworks, namely [Zn(DPA)(NDA)]2·2DMF (1), [Zn2(DPA)(OBA)2]·2DMF·4H2O (2) and [Zn(DPA)(HNTB)]·H2O (3) (DPA = 2,5-di(pyridin-4-yl)aniline, H2NDA = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, H2OBA = 4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid, H3NTB = 4,4',4''-nitrilotribenzoic acid, DMF =...
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22
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Chen J, Zhang Q, Dong J, Xu F, Li S. Amino-functionalized Cu metal-organic framework nanosheets as fluorescent probes for detecting TNP. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5328-5334. [PMID: 34723307 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a simple and benign method to successfully fabricate amino-functionalized Cu metal-organic framework (NH2-Cu-MOF) nanosheets. After synthesizing Cu2O nanocubes, they were mixed with organic ligand 2-aminoterephthalic acid (NH2BDC) solution at room temperature for 4 hours to form NH2-Cu-MOF nanosheets. Interestingly, the prepared NH2-Cu-MOF nanosheets have ultra-thin thickness, directional growth characteristics and excellent crystallinity. Moreover, such nanosheets showed high-intensity and high-stability fluorescence emission under excitation. As TNP in water can quench the fluorescence emission of the fluorescent probe, the NH2-Cu-MOF nanosheet fluorescent probe was established for detecting TNP in water with high sensitivity and selectivity, which is very useful for assessing the environmental quality and safety of water bodies. Finally, the probe was used to detect TNP in actual samples with good recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jianbin Dong
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Fanghong Xu
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Shuying Li
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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23
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Moon S, Kamakshaiah Charyulu D, Lee W, Lee K. Controlling the geometric design of anodic 1D TiO2 nanotubes for the electrochemical reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in ambient conditions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Analytical Platforms for Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics of Polar and Ionizable Metabolites. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1336:215-242. [PMID: 34628634 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77252-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics studies rely on the availability of suitable analytical platforms to determine a vast collection of chemically diverse metabolites in complex biospecimens. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry operated under reversed-phase conditions is the most commonly used platform in metabolomics, which offers extensive coverage for nonpolar and moderately polar compounds. However, complementary techniques are required to obtain adequate separation of polar and ionic metabolites, which are involved in several fundamental metabolic pathways. This chapter focuses on the main mass-spectrometry-based analytical platforms used to determine polar and/or ionizable compounds in metabolomics (GC-MS, HILIC-MS, CE-MS, IPC-MS, and IC-MS). Rather than comprehensively describing recent applications related to GC-MS, HILIC-MS, and CE-MS, which have been covered in a regular basis in the literature, a brief discussion focused on basic principles, main strengths, limitations, as well as future trends is presented in this chapter, and only key applications with the purpose of illustrating important analytical aspects of each platform are highlighted. On the other hand, due to the relative novelty of IPC-MS and IC-MS in the metabolomics field, a thorough compilation of applications for these two techniques is presented here.
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25
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Langford JB, Lurie IS. Use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography for forensic analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:38-50. [PMID: 34626162 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography systems for forensic analysis has excellent potential. In a field where sample size is often limited, several studies have presented the viability of capillary columns with microflow and nanoflow, and when using mass spectrometric analysis limits of detection can be improved. Reduction in flow rates result in significant reduction in operating costs. Recent advances in miniaturized liquid chromatography systems also aim at in-laboratory and on-site detection, which have already been applied to forensic drug cases. This critical review will discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of microflow and nano liquid chromatography. In this regard, included in this article is a discussion of some promising areas not yet applied to forensic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel B Langford
- Department of Forensic Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Ira S Lurie
- Department of Forensic Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
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26
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Synthesis of Copper Metal Organic Framework Based on Schiff Base Tricarboxylate Ligand for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol in Aqueous Medium. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1959-1973. [PMID: 34564823 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
By using Schiff base tricarboxylate ligand 5-(4-carboxybenzylideneamino)isophthalic acid (H3CIP), a new imine functionalized copper metal organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized solvothermally. It was fully characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental mapping techniques. The as-synthesized MOF has been utilized as fluorescent probe for detection of nitro aromatic explosives (NAEs). The results show that the copper MOF can be developed into highly selective and sensitive sensor for detection of TNP in the aqueous medium via the "turn-off" quenching response. The linear fitting of the Stern-Volmer plot for TNP offered large quenching constant of 1.07 × 104 M-1 for Cu-MOF indicating the high sensitivity of the sensing process. Outstanding sensitivity of prepared material towards TNP detection was further validated by the low detection limit of 80 ppb (0.35 µM). The detailed mechanistic studies for their mode of action and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveals that photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes, as well as electrostatic interactions (i.e. H-bonding) are the key factors for the turn-off response toward TNP by this fluorescent sensor. Thus, this new LMOF owing to their high water stability and remarkable functional features are potential candidates which can be developed into selective and sensitive TNP detection devices.
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27
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Kwiezinski C, Weller C, van Pinxteren D, Brüggemann M, Mertes S, Stratmann F, Herrmann H. Determination of highly polar compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles at ultra-trace levels using ion chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2343-2357. [PMID: 33822470 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A method using ion chromatography coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed to quantify highly-polar organic compounds in aqueous filter extracts of atmospheric particles. In total, 43 compounds, including short-chain carboxylic acids, terpene-derived acids, organosulfates, and inorganic anions were separated within 33 min by a KOH gradient. Ionization by electrospray was maximized by adding 100 µL min-1 isopropanol as post-column solvent and optimizing the ion source settings. Detection limits (S/N ≥ 3) were in the range of 0.075-25 μg L-1 and better than previously reported for 22 compounds. Recoveries of extraction typically range from 85 to 117%. The developed method was applied to three ambient samples, including two arctic flight samples, and one sample from Melpitz, a continental backround research site. A total of 32 different compounds were identified for all samples. From the arctic flight samples, organic tracers could be quantified for the first time with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 17.8 ng m-3 . Due to the minimal sample preparation, the beneficial figures of merit, and the broad range of accessible compounds, including very polar ones, the new method offers advantages over existing ones and enables a detailed analysis of organic marker compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Kwiezinski
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Dominik van Pinxteren
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Brüggemann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Mertes
- Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Stratmann
- Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Sanz Rodriguez E, Lam S, Smith GG, Haddad PR, Paull B. Ultra-trace determination of oxyhalides in ozonated aquacultural marine waters by direct injection ion chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06885. [PMID: 33997410 PMCID: PMC8100086 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct, robust, accurate and highly sensitive method for oxyhalide species in natural waters, including seawater, using suppressed ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (IC-MS) is described. The method utilised a high capacity, high efficiency anion-exchange column (Dionex IonPac AS11-HC, 4 mm, 2 × 250 mm), with the separation achieved using an electrolytically generated potassium hydroxide gradient, delivered at 0.380 mL min-1. Applying the method, detection limits for iodate, bromate, and chlorate in seawater after direct sample injection (20 μL injection volume, samples diluted 10-fold), were 11, 30 and 13 ng L-1 (ppt), respectively. Standard addition calibrations to ozonated seawater samples were linear, in all cases R2 > 0.999 (n = 10), with intra-day repeatability of 3.7, 11.2 and 1.8 % RSD (n = 10) for a low-level standard mixture (0.30 μg L-1 of iodate, 0.15 μg L-1 of bromate, and 1.50 μg L-1 of chlorate). The method was applied to the analysis of seawater samples taken pre- and post-disinfection points within a recirculating aquacultural system. Iodate, bromate and chlorate were detected as the main oxyanionic disinfection by-products, demonstrating the practical utility of the new method as a valuable tool for monitoring changes to seawater composition following disinfection treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Sanz Rodriguez
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Shing Lam
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Paul R. Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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29
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Muhammad N, Zia-ul-Haq M, Ali A, Naeem S, Intisar A, Han D, Cui H, Zhu Y, Zhong JL, Rahman A, Wei B. Ion chromatography coupled with fluorescence/UV detector: A comprehensive review of its applications in pesticides and pharmaceutical drug analysis. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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30
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Li J, Xing C, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Spadaro MC, Wu Q, Yi Y, He S, Llorca J, Arbiol J, Cabot A, Cui C. Nickel Iron Diselenide for Highly Efficient and Selective Electrocatalytic Conversion of Methanol to Formate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006623. [PMID: 33458957 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electro-oxidation of methanol to formate is an interesting example of the potential use of renewable energies to add value to a biosourced chemical commodity. Additionally, methanol electro-oxidation can replace the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction when coupled to hydrogen evolution or to the electroreduction of other biomass-derived intermediates. But the cost-effective realization of these reaction schemes requires the development of efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts. Here, a noble metal-free catalyst, Ni1- x Fex Se2 nanorods, with a high potential for an efficient and selective methanol conversion to formate is demonstrated. At its optimum composition, Ni0.75 Fe0.25 Se2 , this diselenide is able to produce 0.47 mmol cm-2 h-1 of formate at 50 mA cm-2 with a Faradaic conversion efficiency of 99%. Additionally, this noble-metal-free catalyst is able to continuously work for over 50 000 s with a minimal loss of efficiency, delivering initial current densities above 50 mA cm-2 and 2.2 A mg-1 in a 1.0 m KOH electrolyte with 1.0 m methanol at 1.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. This work demonstrates the highly efficient and selective methanol-to-formate conversion on Ni-based noble-metal-free catalysts, and more importantly it shows a very promising example to exploit the electrocatalytic conversion of biomass-derived chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Li
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Xing
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research - IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Yu Zhang
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research - IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Ting Zhang
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maria Chiara Spadaro
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Qianbao Wu
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yunan Yi
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Shenglan He
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research - IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Chunhua Cui
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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Alsaleh SA, Barron L, Sturzenbaum S. Perchlorate detection via an invertebrate biosensor. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:327-336. [PMID: 33392613 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are constructed from easily obtainable ingredients that are often unregulated and difficult to trace. Salts of the oxyhalide perchlorate are frequently used as oxidisers in IEDs and in commercially available munitions, thus a reliable detection is needed to aid forensic investigations and the tracing of environmental ground or surface water contamination. We introduce the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a biosensor for the presence of perchlorate, a promising alternative to the costly, technically challenging and time-consuming current perchlorate detection methods. Perchlorate uptake dynamics in C. elegans were first validated using ion exchange chromatography followed by assessing the effects of perchlorate on key life-point indices to verify the suitability of the nematodes as a forensic biosensor. Whole genome microarrays and qPCR analyses established that a set of immune and stress response genes were enriched during perchlorate exposure. A nematode strain (agIs219) containing an integrated copy of the significantly overexpressed t24b8.5 gene promoter followed by a GFP reporter gene was shown to fluoresce in a perchlorate dose dependent manner with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 mg mL-1. Whilst chemicals commonly used in the construction of IEDs did not induce fluorescence, exposure to other oxyhalides did, highlighting the presence of possible shared stress response pathways. Burnt wire sparklers containing potassium perchlorate elicited fluorescence while other non-perchlorate containing post-blast explosion matrices did not. This demonstrates how C. elegans can be used to screen for perchlorate at environmental hotspots, an optimization, possibly with other target transgenes, is required to enable the detection of perchlorate at concentrations below 0.5 mg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana A Alsaleh
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Radha G, Leelasree T, Muthukumar D, Pillai RS, Aggarwal H. Highly selective detection of TNP over other nitro compounds in water: the role of selective host–guest interactions in Zr-NDI MOF. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02343h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent Zr-NDI based MOF shows the selective sensing of TNP in water, over other classes of nitro compounds. DFT studies reveal favourable host–guest interactions behind this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govu Radha
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500078
- India
| | - T. Leelasree
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500078
- India
| | - D. Muthukumar
- Department of Chemistry
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- SRM Nagar
- Kattankulathur-603 203
- Chennai
| | - Renjith S. Pillai
- Department of Chemistry
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- SRM Nagar
- Kattankulathur-603 203
- Chennai
| | - Himanshu Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500078
- India
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33
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Wang D, Li P, Li J, Dong C. An efficient fluorescent nano-sensor of N-doped carbon dots for the determination of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and other applications. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5195-5201. [PMID: 33090130 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01702g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N-Doped carbon dots (CDs) had been simply produced by a one-pot synthesis process using amygdalic acid and threonine. The resulting product was water-soluble and exhibited strong luminescence emission with a fluorescence quantum yield of 19.25%. The emission of CDs was obviously and selectively decreased upon adding 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). It was proved that the fluorescence resonance energy transfer was the main mechanism for quenching. An efficient fluorescence probe with satisfied sensitivity for TNP determination was found. The range of the linear response for TNP detection was 0.5-40.0 μmol L-1, and the limit of detection was 20 nmol L-1. The content of trace TNP in water samples was successfully detected with this method. The CDs were also applied in HepG2 cell imaging and the fabrication of fluorescent films by dispersing the solid freeze-drying CD (SCD) powder into PMMA, which exhibited some application value in biology and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Saravanan A, Maruthapandi M, Das P, Ganguly S, Margel S, Luong JHT, Gedanken A. Applications of N-Doped Carbon Dots as Antimicrobial Agents, Antibiotic Carriers, and Selective Fluorescent Probes for Nitro Explosives. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8023-8031. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Saravanan
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Moorthy Maruthapandi
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Poushali Das
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - John H. T. Luong
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
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35
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Geerdink R, Hassing M, Ayarza N, Bruggink C, Wielheesen M, Claassen J, Epema O. Analysis of glyphosate, AMPA, Glufosinate and MPPA with ION chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using A membrane suppressor in the ammonium form application to surface water of low to moderate salinity. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1133:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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A water-soluble fluorescent probe for selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) in real samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Abstract
This work comprehensively reviews some fundamental concepts about explosives and their two commonly used classifications based on either their velocity of detonation or their application. These classifications are highly useful in the military/legal field, but completely useless for the chemical determination of explosives. Because of this reason, a classification of explosives based on their chemical composition is comprehensively revised, discussed and updated. This classification seeks to merge those dispersed chemical classifications of explosives found in literature into a unique general classification, which might be useful for every researcher dealing with the analytical chemical identification of explosives. In the knowledge of the chemical composition of explosives, the most adequate analytical techniques to determine them are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Zapata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); and CINQUIFOR# research group, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, (Madrid) 28871, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); and CINQUIFOR# research group, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, (Madrid) 28871, Spain
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38
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Nitrogen/sulfur-co-doped carbon quantum dots: a biocompatible material for the selective detection of picric acid in aqueous solution and living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3753-3763. [PMID: 32300842 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, a fast and eco-friendly one-pot hydrothermal technique is utilized for the synthesis of nitrogen/sulfur-co-doped fluorescent carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) from a simple precursor of citric acid (CA) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC). The obtained NS-CQDs exhibited strong blue emission under UV light, with fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of ~37.8%. The Commission internationale de l'eclairage (CIE) coordinates originated at (0.15, 0.07), which confirmed the blue fluorescence of the synthesized NS-CQDs. Interestingly, the prepared NS-CQDs were successfully used as a selective nanoprobe for the monitoring of environmentally hazardous explosive picric acid (PA) in different nitro- and non-nitro-aromatic derivatives of PA. The mechanism of the NS-CQDs was also explored, and was posited to occur via the fluorescence resonance electron transfer (FRET) process and non-fluorescent complex formation. Importantly, this system possesses excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity in HeLa cervical cancer cells; hence, it can potentially be used for PA detection in analytical, environmental, and pathological applications. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the proposed sensing system to pond water demonstrated the feasibility of our system along with good recovery. Graphical abstract.
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39
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Bezemer KDB, Forbes TP, Hulsbergen AWC, Verkouteren J, Krauss ST, Koeberg M, Schoenmakers PJ, Gillen G, van Asten AC. Emerging techniques for the detection of pyrotechnic residues from seized postal packages containing fireworks. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 308:110160. [PMID: 32014815 PMCID: PMC8041295 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High volume screening of parcels with the aim to trace the illegal distribution and selling of fireworks using postal services is challenging. Inspection services have limited manpower and means to perform extensive visual inspection. In this study, the presence of solid pyrotechnic residues collected from cardboard shipping parcels containing fireworks was investigated for direct in-field chemical detection. Two emerging trace detection techniques, i.e., capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based inorganic oxidizer detector and infrared thermal desorption (IRTD) coupled with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS), were investigated for their potential as screening tools. Detection of non-visible pyrotechnic trace residues from real-case seized parcels was demonstrated using both screening techniques. However, the high nitrate background in the commercial CE system complicated its screening for black powder traces. IRTD-DART-MS allowed differentiation between flash and black powder by identification of the molecular inorganic ions. Compared to the portable CE instrument, rapid screening using IRTD-DART-MS is currently limited to laboratory settings. The capabilities of these emerging techniques established solid particle and trace residue chemical detection as interesting options for parcel screening in a logistic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn D B Bezemer
- University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Verkouteren
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shannon T Krauss
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Greg Gillen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Arian C van Asten
- University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CLHC, Amsterdam Center for Forensic Science and Medicine, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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40
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Zahn D, Neuwald IJ, Knepper TP. Analysis of mobile chemicals in the aquatic environment-current capabilities, limitations and future perspectives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4763-4784. [PMID: 32086538 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and mobile water contaminants are rapidly developing into a focal point of environmental chemistry and chemical regulation. Their defining parameter that sets them apart from the majority of regularly monitored and regulated contaminants is their mobility in the aquatic environment, which is intrinsically tied to a high polarity. This high polarity, however, may have severe implications in the analytical process and thus the most polar of these mobile contaminants may not be covered by widely utilized trace-analytical methods, and thus, alternatives are required. In this review, we infer the physical and chemical properties of mobile water contaminants from a set of almost 1800 prioritized REACH chemicals and discuss the implications these substance properties may have on four integral steps of the analytical process: sampling and sample storage, sample pre-treatment, separation and detection. We discuss alternatives to widely utilized trace-analytical methods, examine their application range and limitations, highlight potential analytical techniques on the horizon and emphasize research areas we believe still offer the most room for further improvement. While we have a comprehensive set of analytical methods to cover a large portion of the known mobile chemicals, these methods are still only infrequently utilized. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zahn
- Hochschule Fresenius gem. GmbH, Limburger Str. 2, 65510, Idstein, Germany.
| | - Isabelle J Neuwald
- Hochschule Fresenius gem. GmbH, Limburger Str. 2, 65510, Idstein, Germany
| | - Thomas P Knepper
- Hochschule Fresenius gem. GmbH, Limburger Str. 2, 65510, Idstein, Germany
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41
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Khan ZM, Saifi S, Shumaila, Aslam Z, Khan SA, Zulfequar M. A facile one step hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots for label -free fluorescence sensing approach to detect picric acid in aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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42
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Kadian S, Manik G. A highly sensitive and selective detection of picric acid using fluorescent sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:763-772. [PMID: 31984670 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of an analytical probe to monitor highly mutagenic picric acid (PA) carries enormous significance for the environment and for health. A novel, simple and rapid fluorescence analytical assay using sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots (SGQDs) was designed for the highly sensitive and selective detection of PA. SGQDs were synthesized via simple pyrolysis of 3-mercaptopropionic acid and citric acid and characterized using advanced analytical techniques. Fluorescence intensity (FI) of SGQDs was markedly quenched by addition of PA, attributed to the inner filter effect and dominating static quenching mechanism between the two, in addition to a significant colour change. The calibration curve of the proposed assay exhibited a favourable linearity between quenched FI and PA concentration over the 0.1-100 μΜ range with a lowest detection limit of 0.093 μΜ and a correlation coefficient of 0.9967. The analytical assay was investigated for detection of trace amounts of PA in pond and rain water samples and showed great potential for practical applications with both acceptable recovery (98.0-100.8%) and relative standard deviation (1.24-4.67%). Analytical performance of the assay in terms of its detection limit, linearity range, and recovery exhibited reasonable superiority over previously reported methods, thereby holding enormous promise as a simple, sensitive, and selective method for detection of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kadian
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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43
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Evaluation of interferers in sampling materials used in explosive residue analysis by ion chromatography. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 307:109908. [PMID: 31855684 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of explosive residues is of special interest in forensic science. It can be crucial for investigating acts of terrorism or robberies. Ion Chromatography (IC) is a standard technique used by many forensic labs in these cases. Due to the common nature of many explosives and the inherent dirtiness of samples from explosion scenes, sometimes inconclusive or false positive results are obtained by IC, making the identification of interferers extremely important. One possible source of interferer can be the sampling materials themselves, as investigated in this work. First of all, interferers from forensic swabs and syringe filters were evaluated, as these are commonly employed in explosive residue IC analysis. Among the 6 tested samples, only two syringe filters were considered free of interferers. Significant amounts (>0.2mg/L) of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, and SO42- were found in all forensic swabs and two syringe filters. Then, some ordinary commercial materials, such as cotton swabs, cotton balls, and cotton discs were also tested, as they are often employed in a forensic routine, also. These also showed significant amounts (>0.2mg/L) of Na+, K+, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-. However, the total concentration of interferers in ordinary commercial materials was lower than in the forensic swabs. Then the effectiveness of removing interferers by washing sampling (swabs, and cotton balls, rolls and disk) and pre-processing (syringe filters) materials was evaluated. This revealed that the interferers could be removed with at least three washes. The results indicated that the sampling materials used for explosion scene analysis should be carefully addressed in forensic analysis. First, by making a previous analysis of the sampling material, preferably prior to use, to evaluate the presence of interferers to ensure that only material free of interferers is used. When it is not possible to perform a prior analysis of sampling materials, they should be analyzed concomitantly with the samples from the post-blast residue in order to estimate the presence of interferers. This would reduce the risk of false positives. Additionally, when interferers are detected, washing can be employed for more reliable routine analysis. We suggest at least 3 wash cycles. This method could be used for ordinary commercial materials, which are cheap and easily obtained.
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44
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Bezemer KD, van Duin LV, Martín-Alberca C, Somsen GW, Schoenmakers PJ, Haselberg R, van Asten AC. Rapid forensic chemical classification of confiscated flash banger fireworks using capillary electrophoresis. Forensic Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2019.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Corry TA, Jackson BA, Ray AD. Impurity analysis of 2-butynoic acid by ion chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1604:460470. [PMID: 31492467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Small organic acids are widely used within the pharmaceutical industry but can be difficult to analyse. Ion chromatography is a suitable technique for the analysis of these acids but method development can be hindered as mass spectrometry is not often used as a detector; this means that peak tracking and peak purity cannot be performed. The authors report method development for the analysis of 2-butynoic acid, where by using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, peak purity was investigated and the presence of co-eluting impurities determined. Optimisation of the additives in the make-up flow to the mass spectrometer was shown to have an impact on the response observed. A standard series of organic acids were analysed spiked in to 2-butynoic acid at levels representative of impurities, the presence of the 2-butynoic acid did not impact the linearity or limit of detection observed for the acids; R2 values greater than 0.98 were obtained for all acids with and without the presence of 2-butynoic acid with a limit of detection at 1 ppb for all but one of the acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Corry
- Global Chemical Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Bethany A Jackson
- Global Chemical Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Andrew D Ray
- Global Product Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK.
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46
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He N, Ni Y, Teng J, Li H, Yao L, Zhao P. Identification of inorganic oxidizing salts in homemade explosives using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 221:117164. [PMID: 31163327 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, inorganic low explosives, such as pyrotechnic composition, black powder, and ammonium nitrate, are commonly used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) by the rioter or terrorists since these energetic materials can be obtained easily and legally from civilian markets. Identification of inorganic oxidizing salts in these homemade explosives, including nitrates, chlorates, and perchlorates, is a necessary procedure for forensic investigators to provide criminal evidences. In this article, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to discriminate NO3-, CO32-, ClO3-, ClO4-, SO42-, and NH4+, whose characteristic absorption bands were explained by vibration modes of the covalent bonds. Then the spectral absorption features of nitrate salts with monovalent or divalent cations were discussed. Furthermore, it was studied whether nitrates or perchlorates can be unequivocally distinguished with the presence of carbonate and sulfate impurities through FTIR technique. Finally, the feasibility of this method was verified through an analytical case of homemade explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Yunchang Ni
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Jiao Teng
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Hongda Li
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Lijuan Yao
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China.
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Wan Y, Wang M, Zhang K, Fu Q, Gao M, Wang L, Xia Z, Gao D. Facile and green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medicus for sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and cellular imaging. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Wang H, Chen C, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yuan Y, Zhou Q. A highly sensitive and selective chemosensor for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol based on L-cysteine-coated cadmium sulfide quantum dots. Talanta 2019; 198:242-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Single analysis of human hair for determining halogens and sulfur after sample preparation based on combustion reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4873-4881. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Targeted and non-targeted forensic profiling of black powder substitutes and gunshot residue using gradient ion chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (IC-HRMS). Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1072:1-14. [PMID: 31146860 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel and simplified gradient IC-HRMS approach is presented in this work for forensic profiling of ionic energetic material residues, including low-order explosives and gunshot residue (GSR). This new method incorporated ethanolic eluents to facilitate direct coupling of IC and HRMS without auxiliary post-column infusion pumps that are traditionally used to assist with gas phase transfer. Ethanolic eluents also enabled better integration with an in-service protocol for direct analysis of high-order organic explosives by IC-HRMS, without requiring solvent exchange before injection. Excellent method performance was achieved, enabling both full scan qualitative and quantitative analysis, as required. In particular, linearity for 19 targeted compounds yielded R2 > 0.99 across several orders of magnitude, with trace analysis possible at the low-mid pg level. Reproducibility and mass accuracies were also excellent, with peak area %RSDs <10%, tR %RSDs <0.4% and δm/z < 3 ppm. The method was applied to targeted analysis of latent fingermarks and swabbed hand sweat samples to determine contact with a black-powder substitute containing nitrate, benzoate and perchlorate. When combined with principal component analysis (PCA), the effect of time since handling on recorded signals could be interpreted further in order to support forensic investigations. In a second, non-targeted application, PCA using full scan IC-HRMS data enabled classification of GSR from three different types of ammunition. An additional 20 markers of GSR were tentatively identified in silico, in addition to the 15 anions detected during targeted analysis. This new approach therefore streamlines and adds consistency and flexibility to forensic analysis of ionic energetic material. Furthermore, it also has implications for targeted, non-targeted and suspect screening applications in other fields by expanding the separation space to low molecular weight inorganic and organic anions.
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