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Mendo Diaz O, Patiny L, Tell A, Hutter J, Knobloch M, Stalder U, Kern S, Bigler L, Heeb N, Bleiner D. A Quasi Real-Time Evaluation of High-Resolution Mass Spectra of Complex Chlorinated Paraffin Mixtures and Their Transformation Products. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39012265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes with multiple carbon- (C-, nC = 9-30) and chlorine homologues (Cl-, nCl = 3-18). The mass spectrometric analysis of CPs is time-consuming and challenging, especially when interferences between CPs, their transformation products, or from the matrix are numerous. These analytical challenges and the lack of appropriate and accessible data evaluation tools are obstacles to their analysis. CP-Hunter is a web-based, open-access data processing platform for the automatic analysis of mass spectra of CPs and their transformation products. Extracts of two consumer plastic materials and sewage sludge were evaluated with CP-Hunter. C- and Cl-homologue distributions were obtained in quasi-real-time and the posterior calculated fingerprints were in agreement with the ones obtained by traditional methods. However, the data extraction and evaluation time were now reduced from several minutes to seconds. The implemented signal deconvolution method, i.e., to resolve mass spectrometric interferences, provides robust results, even when severe matrix effects are present. CP-Hunter facilitates the untargeted analysis of unknown products and the detection and elimination of false positive signals. Finally, data evaluation with CP-Hunter is performed locally without the transfer of data to external servers. The tool is safe, public, and accessible at https://cphunter.cheminfo.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mendo Diaz
- Empa Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- UZH, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Luc Patiny
- Zakodium Sàrl, Route d'Echandens 6b, Lonay1027, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Tell
- Empa Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Departement Life Sciences und Facility Management, ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, Wadenswil8820, Switzerland
| | - Jules Hutter
- Empa Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Marco Knobloch
- Suisse Office fédéral de la sécurité alimentaire et des affaires vétérinaires, Bern 3003, Switzerland
| | - Urs Stalder
- UZH, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Kern
- Departement Life Sciences und Facility Management, ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, Wadenswil8820, Switzerland
| | | | - Norbert Heeb
- Empa Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Davide Bleiner
- Empa Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- UZH, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
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Siddiqui MU, Sibtain M, Ahmad F, Zushi Y, Nabi D. Screening Disinfection Byproducts in Arid-Coastal Wastewater: A Workflow Using GC×GC-TOFMS, Passive Sampling, and NMF Deconvolution Algorithm. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:554-574. [PMID: 38804286 PMCID: PMC11130967 DOI: 10.3390/jox14020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Disinfection during tertiary municipal wastewater treatment is a necessary step to control the spread of pathogens; unfortunately, it also gives rise to numerous disinfection byproducts (DBPs), only a few of which are regulated because of the analytical challenges associated with the vast number of potential DBPs. This study utilized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) passive samplers, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) spectral deconvolution for suspect screening of DBPs in treated wastewater. PDMS samplers were deployed upstream and downstream of the chlorination unit in a municipal wastewater treatment plant located in Abu Dhabi, and their extracts were analyzed using GC×GC-TOFMS. A workflow incorporating a multi-tiered, eight-filter screening process was developed, which successfully enabled the reliable isolation of 22 candidate DBPs from thousands of peaks. The NMF spectral deconvolution improved the match factor score of unknown mass spectra to the reference mass spectra available in the NIST library by 17% and facilitated the identification of seven additional DBPs. The close match of the first-dimension retention index data and the GC×GC elution patterns of DBPs, both predicted using the Abraham solvation model, with their respective experimental counterparts-with the measured data available in the NIST WebBook and the GC×GC elution patterns being those observed for the candidate peaks-significantly enhanced the accuracy of peak assignment. Isotopic pattern analysis revealed a close correspondence for 11 DBPs with clearly visible isotopologues in reference spectra, thereby further strengthening the confidence in the peak assignment of these DBPs. Brominated analogues were prevalent among the detected DBPs, possibly due to seawater intrusion. The fate, behavior, persistence, and toxicity of tentatively identified DBPs were assessed using EPI Suite™ and the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard. This revealed their significant toxicity to aquatic organisms, including developmental, mutagenic, and endocrine-disrupting effects in certain DBPs. Some DBPs also showed activity in various CompTox bioassays, implicating them in adverse molecular pathways. Additionally, 11 DBPs demonstrated high environmental persistence and resistance to biodegradation. This combined approach offers a powerful tool for future research and environmental monitoring, enabling accurate identification and assessment of DBPs and their potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Siddiqui
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 48000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sibtain
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 48000, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Ahmad
- BioEnergy & Environmental Laboratory (BEEL), Masdar Institute Campus, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Cypress, CA 90630, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Zushi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8569, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Deedar Nabi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 48000, Pakistan
- BioEnergy & Environmental Laboratory (BEEL), Masdar Institute Campus, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
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3
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Padioleau A, Cariou R, Guiffard I, Le Bizec B, Escher BI, Antignac JP, Dervilly G. Non-targeted analysis of lipidic extracts by high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterise the chemical exposome: Comparison of four clean-up strategies applied to egg. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123963. [PMID: 38101287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Biota samples are used to monitor chemical stressors and their impact on the ecosystem and to describe dietary chemical exposure. These complex matrices require an extraction step followed by clean-up to avoid damaging sensitive analytical instruments based on chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. While interest for non-targeted analysis (NTA) is increasing, there is no versatile or generic sample preparation for a wide range of contaminants suitable for a diversity of biotic matrices. Among the contaminants' variety, persistent contaminants are mostly hydrophobic (mid- to non-polar) and bio-magnify through the lipidic fraction. During their extraction, lipids are generally co-extracted, which may cause matrix effect during the analysis such as hindering the acquired signal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of four clean-up methods to selectively remove lipids from extracts prior to NTA. We evaluated (i) gel permeation chromatography (GPC), (ii) Captiva EMR-lipid cartridge (EMR), (iii) sulphuric acid degradation (H2SO4) and (iv) polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) for their efficiency to remove lipids from hen egg extracts. Gas and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry fitted with either electron ionisation or electrospray ionisation sources operating in positive and negative modes were used to determine the performances of the clean-up methods. A set of 102 chemicals with a wide range of physico-chemical properties that covers the chemical space of mid- to non-polar contaminants, was used to assess and compare recoveries and matrix effects. Matrix effects, that could hinder the mass spectrometer signal, were lower for extracts cleaned-up with H2SO4 than for the ones cleaned-up with PDMS, EMR and GPC. The recoveries were satisfactory for both GPC and EMR while those determined for PDMS and H2SO4 were low due to poor partitioning and degradation/dissociation of the compounds, respectively. The choice of the clean-up methods, among those assessed, should be a compromise that takes into account the matrix under consideration, the levels and the physico-chemical properties of the contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beate I Escher
- Department Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Li T, Lü F, Zhang H, Xu Q, He PJ. Nontarget Insights into the Fate of Cl-/Br-Containing DOM in Leachate during Membrane Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16033-16042. [PMID: 37822265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds in wastewater are persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants of great concern, but few are known at the molecular level. Herein, we focus on nontarget screening of halogenated dissolved organic matter (DOM) in highly concentrated organic matrices of waste leachates and their concentrates. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was optimized before capturing halogenated signatures via HaloSeeker 2.0 software on mining full-scan high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) fingerprints. This study identified 438 Cl-/Br-containing DOM formulas in 21 leachates and membrane concentrates. Among them, 334 formulas were achieved via SPE with mixed-sorbent cartridges (mixed-SPE), surpassing the 164 formulas achieved through Bond Elut PPL cartridges (PPL-SPE). Herein, only four samples identified via PPL-SPE exhibited a resolution of >50% for extracted Cl-/Br-containing DOM by either SPE. The halogenated DOM constituted 6.87% of the total DOM mass features. Nevertheless, more abundant adsorbable organic halogens deciphered waste leachates and highly concentrated waste streams as reservoirs for halogenated contaminants. Remarkably, 75.7-98.1% of Cl-/Br-containing DOM in primary membrane concentrates remained stable through the secondary membrane treatment, indicating the persistence of these unknown contaminants even post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Pin-Jing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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5
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Wang Q, Ruan Y, Jin L, Kot BCW, Leung KMY, Lam PKS. Temporal Trends and Suspect Screening of Halogenated Flame Retardants and Their Metabolites in Blubbers of Cetaceans Stranded in Hong Kong Waters during 2013-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37295780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) are a large class of chemical additives intended to meet flammability safety requirements, and at present, they are ubiquitous in the environment. Herein, we conducted the target analysis and suspect screening of legacy and novel HFRs and their metabolites in the blubber of finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides; n = 70) and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis; n = 35) stranded in Hong Kong, a coastal city in the South China Sea, between 2013 and 2020. The average concentrations of total target HFRs (ΣHFRs) were 6.48 × 103 ± 1.01 × 104 and 1.40 × 104 ± 1.51 × 104 ng/g lipid weight in porpoises and dolphins, respectively. Significant decreasing temporal trends were observed in the concentrations of tetra-/penta-/hexa-bromodiphenyl ethers (tetra-/penta-/hexa-BDEs) in adult porpoises stranded from 2013-2015 to 2016-2020 (p < 0.05), probably because of their phasing out in China. No significant difference was found for the concentrations of decabromodiphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane, possibly due to their exemption from the ban in China until 2025 and 2021, respectively. Eight brominated compounds were additionally identified via suspect screening. A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of tetra-BDE and methyl-methoxy-tetra-BDE (Me-MeO-tetra-BDE) (p < 0.05), indicating that the metabolism of tetra-BDE may be a potential source of Me-MeO-tetra-BDE in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Linjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Brian C W Kot
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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6
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Analytical Chemistry: Tasks, Resolutions and Future Standpoints of the Quantitative Analyses of Environmental Complex Sample Matrices. ANALYTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica3030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the challenges that analytical chemistry has to face are ever greater and more complex both from the point of view of the selectivity of analytical methods and their sensitivity. This is especially true in quantitative analysis, where various methods must include the development and validation of new materials, strategies, and procedures to meet the growing need for rapid, sensitive, selective, and green methods. In this context, given the International Guidelines, which over time, are updated and which set up increasingly stringent “limits”, constant innovation is required both in the pre-treatment procedures and in the instrumental configurations to obtain reliable, accurate, and reproducible information. In addition, the environmental field certainly represents the greatest challenge, as analytes are often present at trace and ultra-trace levels. These samples containing analytes at ultra-low concentration levels, therefore, require very labor-intensive sample preparation procedures and involve the high consumption of organic solvents that may not be considered “green”. In the literature, in recent years, there has been a strong development of increasingly high-performing sample preparation techniques, often “solvent-free”, as well as the development of hyphenated instrumental configurations that allow for reaching previously unimaginable levels of sensitivity. This review aims to provide an update of the most recent developments currently in use in sample pre-treatment and instrument configurations in the environmental field, also evaluating the role and future developments of analytical chemistry in light of upcoming challenges and new goals yet to be achieved.
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7
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Tang C, Chen G, Liang Y, Liao J, Lin H, Huang C, Zeng Y, Luo X, Peng X, Mai B. Nontarget analysis and comprehensive characterization of halogenated organic pollutants by GC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS in association with chromatogram segmentation and Cl/Br-specific screening algorithms. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1222:340171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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8
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High-performance nontarget analysis of halogenated organic compounds in tap water, fly ash, soil and sediment using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and scripting approaches based on Cl/Br-specific search algorithms. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Simonnet-Laprade C, Bayen S, McGoldrick D, McDaniel T, Hutinet S, Marchand P, Vénisseau A, Cariou R, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. Evidence of complementarity between targeted and non-targeted analysis based on liquid and gas-phase chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for screening halogenated persistent organic pollutants in environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133615. [PMID: 35038446 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the complementarity between targeted (TS) and non-targeted screening (NTS) based on liquid and gas-phase chromatography coupled to (high-resolution) mass spectrometry (LC-/GC-(HR)MS) for the comprehensive characterization of organohalogen fingerprints within a set of Lake Ontario lake trout samples. The concentrations of 86 legacy, emerging and novel halogenated compounds (HCs), were determined through 4 TS approaches involving no less than 6 hyphenated systems. In parallel, an innovative NTS strategy, involving both LC and GC-Q-Orbitrap, was implemented to specifically highlight halogenated signals. Non-targeted HRMS data were processed under the HaloSeeker software based on Cl and Br isotopic ratio and mass defect to extend the screening to unsuspected and unknown HCs. A total of 195 halogenated mass spectral features were characterized in the Lake Ontario lake trout, including well known HCs (PCBs, PBDEs, PBBs, DDT and their degradation products), emerging HCs (novel brominated flame retardants, short-, medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins) or suggested molecular formula (mainly polychlorinated ones). Among the 122 HCs highlighted by TS, only 21 were identified by NTS. These results fueled a discussion on the potential and limitations of both approaches, and the current position of NTS within environmental and health monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - D McGoldrick
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - T McDaniel
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Hutinet
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - P Marchand
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - A Vénisseau
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - R Cariou
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - B Le Bizec
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - G Dervilly
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44307, Nantes, France.
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10
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Dürig W, Alygizakis NA, Menger F, Golovko O, Wiberg K, Ahrens L. Novel prioritisation strategies for evaluation of temporal trends in archived white-tailed sea eagle muscle tissue in non-target screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127331. [PMID: 34879552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring studies based on target analysis capture only a small fraction of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and miss pollutants potentially harmful to wildlife. Environmental specimen banks, with their archived samples, provide opportunities to identify new CECs by temporal trend analysis and non-target screening. In this study, archived white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) muscle tissue was analysed by non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. Univariate statistical tests (Mann-Kendall and Spearman rank) for temporal trend analysis were applied as prioritisation methods. A workflow for non-target data was developed and validated using an artificial time series spiked at five levels with gradient concentrations of selected CECs (n = 243). Pooled eagle muscle tissues collected 1965-2017 were then investigated with an eight-point time series using the validated screening workflow. Following peak detection, peak alignment, and blank subtraction, 14 409 features were considered for statistical analysis. Prioritisation by time-trend analysis detected 207 features with increasing trends. Following unequivocal molecular formula assignment to prioritised features and further elucidation with MetFrag and EU Massbank, 13 compounds were tentatively identified, of which four were of anthropogenic origin. These results show that it is possible to prioritise new CECs in archived biological samples using univariate statistical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Dürig
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Nikiforos A Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okruzná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Frank Menger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Hajeb P, Zhu L, Bossi R, Vorkamp K. Sample preparation techniques for suspect and non-target screening of emerging contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132306. [PMID: 34826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The progress in sensitivity and resolution in mass spectrometers in recent years provides the possibility to detect a broad range of organic compounds in a single procedure. For this reason, suspect and non-target screening techniques are gaining attention since they enable the detection of hundreds of known and unknown emerging contaminants in various matrices of environmental, food and human sources. Sample preparation is a critical step before analysis as it can significantly affect selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The lack of generic sample preparation protocols is obvious in this fast-growing analytical field, and most studies use those of traditional targeted analysis methods. Among them, solvent extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) are widely used to extract emerging contaminants from solid and liquid sample types, respectively. Sequential solvent extraction and a combination of different SPE sorbents can cover a broad range of chemicals in the samples. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and adsorption chromatography, including acidification, are typically used to remove matrix components such as lipids from complex matrices, but usually at the expense of compound losses. Ideally, the purification of samples intended for non-target analysis should be selective of matrix interferences. Recent studies have suggested quality assurance/quality control measures for suspect and non-target screening, based on expansion and extrapolation of target compound lists, but method validations remain challenging in the absence of analytical standards and harmonized sample preparation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Hajeb
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.
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12
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Shen D, Lu Z, Zhong J, Zhang S, Ye Q, Wang W, Gan J. Combination of high specific activity carbon-14 labeling and high resolution mass spectrometry to study pesticide metabolism in crops: Metabolism of cycloxaprid in rice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106879. [PMID: 34543936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of pesticide metabolism in crops is critical for assessing the mode of action and environmental risks of pesticides. However, the study of pesticide metabolism in crops is usually complicated and it is often a daunting challenge to accurately screen the metabolites of novel pesticides in complex matrices. This study demonstrated a combined use of high-specific activity carbon-14 labeling and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HSA-14C-HRMS) for metabolism profiling of a novel neonicotinoid cycloxaprid in rice. By generating the characteristic radioactive peaks on the liquid chromatogram, the use of 14C can eliminate the severe interference of complex matrices and quickly probe target compounds; by producing ion pairs with unique abundance ratios on HRMS, high-specific activity labeling can effectively exclude false matrix positives and promote the elucidation of metabolite structure. The structures of 15 metabolites were identified, three of which were further confirmed by authentic standards. Based on these metabolites, a metabolic profile of cycloxaprid was established, which includes denitrification, demethylation, imidazolidine hydroxylation and ring cleavage olefin formation, oxidation and carboxylation reactions. The strategy of combining high-specific activity 14C labeling and HRMS offers unique advantages and provides a powerful solution for profiling unknown metabolites of novel pesticides in complex matrices, especially when traditional non-labeling methods are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Jiayin Zhong
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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13
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Belova L, Fujii Y, Cleys P, Śmiełowska M, Haraguchi K, Covaci A. Identification of novel halogenated naturally occurring compounds in marine biota by high-resolution mass spectrometry and combined screening approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117933. [PMID: 34426206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine animals, plants or bacteria are a source of bioactive naturally-occurring halogenated compounds (NHCs) such as bromophenols (BPs), bromoanisoles (BAs) and hydroxylated or methoxylated analogues of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (HO-PBDEs, MeO-PBDEs) and bromobiphenyls (HO-BBs, MeO-BBs). This study applied a comprehensive screening approach using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and combining target, suspect and non-target screening with the aim to identify new hydroxylated NHCs which might be missed by commonly applied gas chromatographic methods. 24 alga samples, 4 sea sponge samples and 7 samples of other invertebrates were screened. Target screening was based on 19 available reference standards of BPs, (di)OH-BDEs and diOH-BBs and yielded seven unequivocally identified compounds. 6-OH-BDE47 was the most frequently detected compound with a detection frequency of 31%. Suspect screening yielded two additional compounds identified in alga samples as well as 17 and 8 compounds identified in sea sponge samples of Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp., respectively. The suspect screening results presented here confirmed the findings of previous studies conducted on sea sponge samples of Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp. Additionally, in Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp. 13 and 4 newly identified NHCs are reported including heptabrominated diOH-BDE, monochlorinated pentabrominated diOH-BDE, hexabrominated OH-MeO-BDE and others. Non-target screening allowed the identification of 31 and 20 polyhalogenated compounds in Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp. samples, respectively. Based on the obtained fragmentation spectra, polybrominated dihydroxylated diphenoxybenzenes (diOH-PBDPBs), such as hepta-, octa- and nonabrominated diOH-BDPBs, could be identified in both species. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the environmental presence of OH-PBDPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Belova
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Tamagawamachi 22-1, Minamiku, 815-8511, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Paulien Cleys
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Monika Śmiełowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Tamagawamachi 22-1, Minamiku, 815-8511, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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14
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Simonnet-Laprade C, Bayen S, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. Data analysis strategies for the characterization of chemical contaminant mixtures. Fish as a case study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106610. [PMID: 33965766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of chemicals are potentially contaminating the environment and food resources, covering a wide spectrum of molecular structures, physico-chemical properties, sources, environmental behavior and toxic profiles. Beyond the description of the individual chemicals, characterizing contaminant mixtures in related matrices has become a major challenge in ecological and human health risk assessments. Continuous analytical developments, in the fields of targeted (TA) and non-targeted analysis (NTA), have resulted in ever larger sets of data on associated chemical profiles. More than ever, the implementation of advanced data analysis strategies is essential to elucidate profiles and extract new knowledge from these large data sets. Specifically focusing on the data analysis step, this review summarizes the recent progress in integrating data analysis tools into TA and NTA workflows to address the challenging characterization of chemical mixtures in environmental and food matrices. As fish matrices are relevant in both aquatic pollution and consumer exposure perspectives, fish was chosen as the main theme to illustrate this review, although the present document is equally relevant to other food and environmental matrices. The key features of TA and NTA data sets were reviewed to illustrate the challenges associated with their analysis. Advanced filtering strategies to mine NTA data sets are presented, with a particular focus on chemical filters and discriminant analysis. Further, the applications of supervised and unsupervised multivariate analysis methods to characterize exposure to chemical mixtures, and their associated challenges, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Simonnet-Laprade
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
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15
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Kutarna S, Tang S, Hu X, Peng H. Enhanced Nontarget Screening Algorithm Reveals Highly Abundant Chlorinated Azo Dye Compounds in House Dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4729-4739. [PMID: 33719414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans spend 90% of their time indoors, but the majority of indoor pollutants remain unknown. In this study, a nontarget screening algorithm with reduced false discovery rates was developed to screen indoor pollutants using the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) database. First, a putative lock mass algorithm was developed for post-acquisition calibration of Orbitrap mass spectra to sub-ppm mass accuracy. Then, a one-stop screening algorithm was developed by combining MS1 spectra, isotopic peaks, retention time prediction, and in silico MS2 spectra. A sufficient true positive rate (73%) and false discovery rate (5%) were achieved for the screening of halogenated compounds at a score cutoff of 0.28. Above this cutoff, 427 chemicals were detected from 24 house dust samples, including 39 chlorinated compounds. While some identified halogenated compounds (e.g., triclosan) are well known, 18 previously unrecognized chlorinated azo dyes were detected with high abundance as the largest class of chlorinated compounds. Two chlorinated azo dyes were confirmed with authentic standards, but the two most abundant chlorinated azo dyes were missed by the algorithm due to the limited breadth of the TSCA database. These compounds were annotated as chlorinated analogues of Disperse Blue 373 and Disperse Violet 93 using the DIPIC-Frag method. This study revealed the presence of highly abundant chlorinated azo dyes in house dusts, highlighting their potential health risks in the indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kutarna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Hernández-Mesa M, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. Metabolomics in chemical risk analysis – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1154:338298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Non-targeted screening methodology to characterise human internal chemical exposure: Application to halogenated compounds in human milk. Talanta 2021; 225:121979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Pleil JD, Lowe CN, Wallace MAG, Williams AJ. Using the US EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard to interpret targeted and non-targeted GC-MS analyses from human breath and other biological media. J Breath Res 2021; 15:025001. [PMID: 33734097 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abdb03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard is a freely available web-based application providing access to chemistry, toxicity, and exposure data for ∼900 000 chemicals. Data, search functionality, and prediction models within the Dashboard can help identify chemicals found in environmental analyses and human biomonitoring. It was designed to deliver data generated to support computational toxicology to reduce chemical testing on animals and provide access to new approach methodologies including prediction models. The inclusion of mass and formula-based searches, together with relevant ranking approaches, allows for the identification and prioritization of exogenous (environmental) chemicals from high resolution mass spectrometry in need of further evaluation. The Dashboard includes chemicals that can be detected by liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and direct-MS analyses, and chemical lists have been added that highlight breath-borne volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. The Dashboard can be searched using various chemical identifiers (e.g. chemical synonyms, CASRN and InChIKeys), chemical formula, MS-ready formulae monoisotopic mass, consumer product categories and assays/genes associated with high-throughput screening data. An integrated search at a chemical level performs searches against PubMed to identify relevant published literature. This article describes specific procedures using the Dashboard as a first-stop tool for exploring both targeted and non-targeted results from GC-MS analyses of chemicals found in breath, exhaled breath condensate, and associated aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim D Pleil
- Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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19
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Nishimuta K, Ueno D, Takahashi S, Kuwae M, Kadokami K, Miyawaki T, Matsukami H, Kuramochi H, Higuchi T, Koga Y, Matsumoto H, Ryuda N, Miyamoto H, Haraguchi T, Sakai SI. Use of comprehensive target analysis for determination of contaminants of emerging concern in a sediment core collected from Beppu Bay, Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115587. [PMID: 33261969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, concern about the release of anthropogenic organic micropollutants referred to as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) has been growing. The objective of this study was to find potential CECs by means of an analytical screening method referred to as comprehensive target analysis with an automated identification and quantification system (CTA-AIQS), which uses gas and liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS and LC-QTOF-MS). We used CTA-AIQS to analyze samples from a sediment core collected in Beppu Bay, Japan. With this method, we detected 80 compounds in the samples and CTA-AIQA could work to useful tool to find CECs in environmental media. Among the detected chemicals, three PAHs (anthracene, chrysene, and fluoranthene) and tris(isopropylphenyl)phosphate (TIPPP) isomers were found to increase in concentration with decreasing sediment depth. We quantified TIPPP isomers in the samples by means of targeted analysis using LC-MS/MS for confirmation. The concentration profiles, combined with previous reports indicating persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties, suggest that these chemicals can be categorized as potential CECs in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Nishimuta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ueno
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan.
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Japan; Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Michinobu Kuwae
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, The University of Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Hidenori Matsukami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kuramochi
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Taiki Higuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Koga
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Noriko Ryuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sakai
- Environment Preservation Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan
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20
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Qiu M, Hu A, Huang YMM, Zhao Y, He Y, Xu J, Lu Z. Elucidating degradation mechanisms of florfenicol in soil by stable-isotope assisted nontarget screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123974. [PMID: 33265015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics in soil environments are a growing concern. Identifying transformation products is key to elucidating degradation pathways and mechanisms of antibiotics and other organic micropollutants. The primary challenge of transformation product identification is the interference of matrices. In this study, stable-isotope assisted nontarget screening was used to identify biodegradation products of florfenicol in soil. A total of 74 candidates were prioritized from thousands of mass features observed by a tiered peak filtering approach. Moreover, with the support of in silico prediction tools, the structures of 12 transformation products were elucidated, and 9 of them were reported for the first time. A biodegradation map of florfenicol consisting of amide hydrolysis, dechlorination, dehydration, defluorination, and sulfone reduction was established based on these identified products. A total of 8 products were also found in 6 field soil samples with manure application. Because of the structural similarity to florfenicol, some transformation products might still keep antimicrobial activity toward a variety of bacterial species. The strategies demonstrated in this study provide a basis for efficient identification of transformation products of other organic micropollutants in a variety of environmental matrices. The results also shed light on the degradation mechanisms, risk assessments, and regulations of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ailun Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yu-Ming M Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Yun Zhao
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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21
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Gul I, Le W, Jie Z, Ruiqin F, Bilal M, Tang L. Recent advances on engineered enzyme-conjugated biosensing modalities and devices for halogenated compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Guo Z, Huang S, Wang J, Feng YL. Recent advances in non-targeted screening analysis using liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry to explore new biomarkers for human exposure. Talanta 2020; 219:121339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Wu Y, Wu J, Tan H, Song Q, Zhang J, Zhong X, Zhou J, Wu W, Cai X, Zhang W, Liu X. Distributions of chlorinated paraffins and the effects on soil microbial community structure in a production plant brownfield site. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114328. [PMID: 32443216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in soils and their ecological effects attract much attention, while site-scale data are still scarce. In this study, a comprehensive investigation was performed to understand the CP distributions at a CP production plant brownfield site, as well as their effects on soil microbial community. Short-, medium- and long-chain CPs (SCCPs, MCCPs, LCCPs) were detected in most samples with total contents ranging ND-5,090, ND-6,670, and ND-1450 ng g-1 (dw), respectively. A CP-hotspot was observed 10 m beneath the synthesis workshop, indicating the downward migration of CPs. The consistence of soil SCCP congener profiles with commercial product CP-52 suggested the leakage of CP products as the contamination source. Besides CPs, petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) contamination also occurred beneath the synthesis workshop. Soil microbial community composition and diversity were significantly influenced by SCCPs (p < 0.05) despite their lower contents compared to other concerned contaminants. Microbial network analysis indicated nonrandom co-occurrence patterns, with Acinetobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Microbacterium, Stenotrophomonas, and Variibacter as the keystone genera. Genera from the same module showed significant ecological links (p < 0.05) and were involved in the degradation of PHCs and chlorinated organic contaminants. This study provides the first phylogenetic look at the microbial communities in CP contaminated soils, indicating that the long-term exposure to CPs and PHCs may lead to microbial group assemblages with the potential for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Wu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Haijian Tan
- Guangzhou Environmental Technology Assessment Center, 50 Xianlin Lane, Guangta Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510180, PR China
| | - Qingmei Song
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Xi Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jingyan Zhou
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Wencheng Wu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China.
| | - Xinde Cai
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
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24
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Badea SL, Geana EI, Niculescu VC, Ionete RE. Recent progresses in analytical GC and LC mass spectrometric based-methods for the detection of emerging chlorinated and brominated contaminants and their transformation products in aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137914. [PMID: 32208267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper is an overview of screening methods recently developed for emerging halogenated contaminants and their transformation products. The target screening methods are available only for a limited number of emerging pollutants since the reference standards for these compounds are not always available, but a risk assessment of those micropollutants in environment must be performed anyhow. Therefore, the chromatographic techniques hyphenated with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) trend to become indispensable methods for suspect and non-target screening of emerging halogenated contaminants. HRMS is also an effective tool for tentatively identification of the micropollutants' transformation products existing in much lower concentrations. To assess the transformation pathway of halogenated contaminants in environment, the non-target screening methods must be combined with biodegradation lab experiments and also with advanced oxidation and reduction processes that can mimic the transformation on these contaminants in environment. It is expected that in the future, the accurate-mass full-spectra of transformation products recorded by HRMS will be the basic information needed to elucidate the transformation pathways of emerging halogenated contaminants in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu-Laurentiu Badea
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania.
| | - Elisabeta-Irina Geana
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Violeta-Carolina Niculescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Roxana-Elena Ionete
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
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25
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Pourchet M, Debrauwer L, Klanova J, Price EJ, Covaci A, Caballero-Casero N, Oberacher H, Lamoree M, Damont A, Fenaille F, Vlaanderen J, Meijer J, Krauss M, Sarigiannis D, Barouki R, Le Bizec B, Antignac JP. Suspect and non-targeted screening of chemicals of emerging concern for human biomonitoring, environmental health studies and support to risk assessment: From promises to challenges and harmonisation issues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105545. [PMID: 32361063 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale suspect and non-targeted screening approaches based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are today available for chemical profiling and holistic characterisation of biological samples. These advanced techniques allow the simultaneous detection of a large number of chemical features, including markers of human chemical exposure. Such markers are of interest for biomonitoring, environmental health studies and support to risk assessment. Furthermore, these screening approaches have the promising capability to detect chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), document the extent of human chemical exposure, generate new research hypotheses and provide early warning support to policy. Whilst of growing importance in the environment and food safety areas, respectively, CECs remain poorly addressed in the field of human biomonitoring. This shortfall is due to several scientific and methodological reasons, including a global lack of harmonisation. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to present an overview of the basic principles, promises and challenges of suspect and non-targeted screening approaches applied to human samples as this specific field introduce major specificities compared to other fields. Focused on liquid chromatography coupled to HRMS-based data acquisition methods, this overview addresses all steps of these new analytical workflows. Beyond this general picture, the main activities carried out on this topic within the particular framework of the European Human Biomonitoring initiative (project HBM4EU, 2017-2021) are described, with an emphasis on harmonisation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, 31027 Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Jana Klanova
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annelaure Damont
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Meijer
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denis Sarigiannis
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Robert Barouki
- Unité UMR-S 1124 Inserm-Université Paris Descartes "Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire", Paris, France
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Optimized characterization of short-, medium, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Brits M, de Boer J, Rohwer ER, De Vos J, Weiss JM, Brandsma SH. Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in South African indoor dust and cat hair. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124643. [PMID: 31473532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated n-alkanes or chlorinated paraffins (CPs) contain a magnitude of structural isomers and are categorized as short-chain (SCCPs), medium-chain (MCCPs), and long-chain (LCCPs) CPs, according to the carbon chain lengths. In this study the ƩSCCPs, ƩMCCPs, and ƩLCCP concentrations are reported for South African indoor dust and pet cat hair. The median concentrations of the ƩCPs (C9-C37) ranged from 33 to 663 μg/g for freshly collected dust (FD), 36-488 μg/g for dust collected from household vacuum cleaner bags (VD), and 1.2-15 μg/g for cat hair (CH) samples. MCCPs were the dominant CP group, followed by SCCPs and LCCPs. The ƩMCCP concentration ranged from 13 to 498 μg/g in dust and 0.6-6.5 μg/g in cat hair. SCCPs with shorter carbon chains and lower chlorine substitution were observed in cat hair. LCCPs with carbon chains > C20 were detected in dust and hair samples, possibly indicating the use of wax grade LCCP formulations. Non-traditional Kendrick mass defect plots were used to obtain information on the magnitude of CPs and provide evidence of possible interfering compounds. This is the first report on the occurrence of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in the South African indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brits
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), CSIR Campus, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, 0040, South Africa.
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Egmont R Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Jayne De Vos
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), CSIR Campus, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, 0040, South Africa
| | - Jana M Weiss
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Sicco H Brandsma
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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28
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Fakouri Baygi S, Fernando S, Hopke PK, Holsen TM, Crimmins BS. Automated Isotopic Profile Deconvolution for High Resolution Mass Spectrometric Data (APGC-QToF) from Biological Matrices. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15509-15517. [PMID: 31743003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An isotopic profile matching algorithm, the isotopic profile deconvoluted chromatogram (IPDC), was developed to screen for a wide variety of organic compounds in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data acquired from instruments with resolution power as low as 22 000 fwhm. The algorithm initiates the screening process by generating a series of C/Br/Cl/S isotopic patterns consistent with the profiles of approximately 3 million molecular formulas for compounds with potentially persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) properties. To evaluate this algorithm, HRMS data were screened using these seed profiles to isolate relevant chlorinated and/or brominated compounds. Data reduction techniques included mass defect filtering and retention time prediction from estimated boiling points predicted using molecular formulas and reasonable elemental conformations. A machine learning classifier was also developed using spectrometric and chromatographic variables to minimize false positives. A scoring system was developed to rank candidate molecular formulas for an isotopic feature. The IPDC algorithm was applied to a Lake Michigan lake trout extract analyzed by atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (APGC-QToF) mass spectrometry in positive and negative modes. The IPDC algorithm detected isotopic features associated with legacy contaminants and a series of unknown halogenated features. The IPDC algorithm resolved 313 and 855 halogenated features in positive and negative modes, respectively, in Lake Michigan lake trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadjad Fakouri Baygi
- Clarkson University , Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , 8 Clarkson Avenue , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Sujan Fernando
- Clarkson University , Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science , 8 Clarkson Avenue , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Clarkson University , Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , 8 Clarkson Avenue , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Clarkson University , Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science , 8 Clarkson Avenue , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States.,Clarkson University , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , 8 Clarkson Avenue , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Bernard S Crimmins
- Clarkson University , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , 8 Clarkson Avenue , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States.,AEACS, LLC , New Kensington , Pennsylvania 15068 , United States
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29
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Zheng L, Lian L, Nie J, Song Y, Yan S, Yin D, Song W. Development of an ammonium chloride-enhanced thermal-assisted-ESI LC-HRMS method for the characterization of chlorinated paraffins. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113303. [PMID: 31585406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous quantification of short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in environmental matrices is challenging and has received much attention from environmental chemists. In this study, ammonium-chloride-enhanced liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was developed for the first time to quantify CPs in sediments and aqueous samples. Three ionization sources, including atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), electrospray ionization (ESI), and thermal-assisted-ESI, were employed to examine the performance of ammonium chloride as the chloride ion supply reagent in comparison with traditional chloride ion supply reagent, dichloromethane. Ammonium chloride can be easily used with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC), whereas dichloromethane is not compatible with aqueous LC mobile phase. Furthermore, other anion-supply reagents, such as ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, and ammonium bromide, were also tested. It was concluded that the adducts of the CPs with the anions were reversible and could partially dissociate into deprotonated CP ions. The yield of deprotonated CP ions was associated with the gas-phase basicity of the deprotonated CP ions and the corresponding anions. Furthermore, collision-induced dissociation curves were drawn to quantify the stability of anionic CP adducts. The ammonium-chloride-enhanced LC-HRMS was further employed for identifying CPs in sediment samples and coupled with an online SPE method for detecting CPs in aqueous samples. This study may significantly contribute to the qualification and quantification of CPs in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Lushi Lian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Jianxin Nie
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yue Song
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 1350 North Sichuan Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
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30
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Perkons I, Pasecnaja E, Zacs D. The impact of baking on chlorinated paraffins: Characterization of C10–C17 chlorinated paraffins in oven-baked pastry products and unprocessed pastry dough by HPLC–ESI–Q–TOF–MS. Food Chem 2019; 298:125100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Zhang X, Di Lorenzo RA, Helm PA, Reiner EJ, Howard PH, Muir DCG, Sled JG, Jobst KJ. Compositional space: A guide for environmental chemists on the identification of persistent and bioaccumulative organics using mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:104808. [PMID: 31182229 PMCID: PMC6754779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Since 2001, twenty-eight halogenated groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been banned or restricted by the Stockholm Convention. Identifying new POPs among the hundreds of thousands of anthropogenic chemicals is a major challenge that is increasingly being met by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS). The first step to identification of a contaminant molecule (M) is the determination of the type and number of its constituent elements, viz. its elemental composition, from mass-to-charge (m/z) measurements and ratios of isotopic peaks (M + 1, M + 2 etc.). Not every combination of elements is possible. Boundaries exist in compositional space that divides feasible and improbable compositions as well as different chemical classes. This study explores the compositional space boundaries of persistent and bioaccumulative organics. A set of ~305,134 compounds (PubChem) was used to visualize the compositional space occupied by F, Cl, and Br compounds, as defined by m/z and isotope ratios. Persistent bioaccumulative organics, identified by in silico screening of 22,049 commercial chemicals, reside in more constrained regions characterized by a higher degree of halogenation. In contrast, boundaries surrounding non-halogenated chemicals could not be defined. Finally, a script tool (R code) was developed to select potential POPs from high resolution MS data. When applied to household dust (SRM 2585), this approach resulted in the discovery of previously unknown chlorofluoro flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Zhang
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Robert A Di Lorenzo
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Paul A Helm
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Eric J Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Philip H Howard
- SRC, Environmental Science Center, 6502 Round Pond Road, North Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Karl J Jobst
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton L8S 4M1, Canada.
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32
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Zhou X, Wu H, Huang X, Hang F, Luo H. Development a simple and rapid HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS method for determination of short- and medium- chain chlorinated paraffins in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Hou X, Yu M, Liu A, Wang X, Li Y, Liu J, Schnoor JL, Jiang G. Glycosylation of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Pumpkin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8805-8812. [PMID: 31283198 PMCID: PMC6931399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant (BFR), and it bioaccumulates throughout the food chains. Its fate in the first trophic level, plants, is of special interest. In this study, a four-day hydroponic exposure of TBBPA at a concentration of 1 μmol L-1 to pumpkin seedlings was conducted. A nontarget screening method for hydrophilic bromine-containing metabolites was modified, based on both typical isotope patterns of bromine and mass defect, and used to process mass spectra data. A total of 20 glycosylation and malonyl glycosylation metabolites were found for TBBPA in the pumpkin plants. Representative glycosyl TBBPA reference standards were synthesized to evaluate the contribution of this glycosylation process. Approximately 86% of parent TBBPA was metabolized to form those 20 glycosyl TBBPAs, showing that glycosylation was the most dominant metabolism pathway for TBBPA in pumpkin at the tested exposure concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Environmental Medical and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 8610-62849334; fax: 8610-62849339;
| | - Jerald L. Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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34
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HUANG XM, WU Y, CUI JT, WANG FH, WANG X, LI YF, WU WY. Applications of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Determination of Chlorinated Paraffins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Léon A, Cariou R, Hutinet S, Hurel J, Guitton Y, Tixier C, Munschy C, Antignac JP, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B. HaloSeeker 1.0: A User-Friendly Software to Highlight Halogenated Chemicals in Nontargeted High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data Sets. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3500-3507. [PMID: 30758179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we address the issue of nontargeted screening of organohalogenated chemicals in complex matrixes. A global strategy aiming to seek halogenated signatures in full-scan high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) fingerprints was developed. The resulting all-in-one user-friendly application, HaloSeeker 1.0, was developed to promote the accessibility of associated in-house bioinformatics tools to a large audience. The ergonomic web user interface avoids any interactions with the coding component while allowing interactions with the data, including peak detection (features), deconvolution, and comprehensive accompanying manual review for chemical formula assignment. HaloSeeker 1.0 was successfully applied to a marine sediment HRMS data set acquired on a liquid chromatography-heated electrospray ionization [LC-HESI(-)] Orbitrap instrument ( R = 140 000 at m/z 200). Among the 4532 detected features, 827 were paired and filtered in 165 polyhalogenated clusters. HaloSeeker was also compared to three similar tools and showed the best performances. HaloSeeker's ability to filter and investigate halogenated signals was demonstrated and illustrated by a potential homologue series with C12H xBr yCl zO2 as a putative general formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Léon
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France.,Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques , Ifremer , F-44311 , Nantes , France
| | - Ronan Cariou
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Sébastien Hutinet
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Julie Hurel
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Yann Guitton
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Céline Tixier
- Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques , Ifremer , F-44311 , Nantes , France
| | - Catherine Munschy
- Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques , Ifremer , F-44311 , Nantes , France
| | - Jean-Philippe Antignac
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Gaud Dervilly-Pinel
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
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Serially coupled reversed phase-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tailored multiple reaction monitoring, a fit-for-purpose tool for large-scale targeted metabolomics of medicinal bile. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:119-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Schinkel L, Lehner S, Heeb NV, Marchand P, Cariou R, McNeill K, Bogdal C. Dealing with strong mass interferences of chlorinated paraffins and their transformation products: An analytical guide. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Glüge J, Schinkel L, Hungerbühler K, Cariou R, Bogdal C. Environmental Risks of Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (MCCPs): A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6743-6760. [PMID: 29791144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins are industrial chemicals that can be subdivided into short-chain (SCCP), medium-chain (MCCP), and long-chain (LCCP) chlorinated paraffins. The global production volumes of MCCPs are nowadays suspected to be much higher than those of S- and LCCPs, and the few available studies on the environmental occurrence of chlorinated paraffins report often higher MCCP concentrations than S- or LCCP concentrations in the environment. The present review focuses, therefore, on MCCPs specifically and provides a literature overview and a data analysis of the production volumes, PBT properties (persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity), and the worldwide measured concentrations of MCCP in environmental samples, biota, and humans. Furthermore, we include our own measurements of technical CP formulations from China, the major global producing country, to estimate the global production amounts of MCCPs. The key findings from this review are that (1) MCCPs are toxic to the aquatic environment, and the available data suggest that they are also persistent; (2) available time trends for MCCPs in soil, biota, and most of the sediment cores show increasing time trends over the last years to decades; and (3) MCCP concentrations in sediment close to local sources exceed toxicity thresholds (i.e., the PNEC). Our study shows that overall, MCCPs are of growing concern, and regulatory actions should be considered seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Glüge
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lena Schinkel
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa Dübendorf , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Konrad Hungerbühler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ronan Cariou
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA , Université Bretagne-Loire , 44307 Nantes , France
| | - Christian Bogdal
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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39
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Omer E, Cariou R, Remaud G, Guitton Y, Germon H, Hill P, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B. Elucidation of non-intentionally added substances migrating from polyester-polyurethane lacquers using automated LC-HRMS data processing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Schinkel L, Lehner S, Knobloch M, Lienemann P, Bogdal C, McNeill K, Heeb NV. Transformation of chlorinated paraffins to olefins during metal work and thermal exposure - Deconvolution of mass spectra and kinetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:803-811. [PMID: 29253825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are high production volume chemicals widely used as additives in metal working fluids. Thereby, CPs are exposed to hot metal surfaces which may induce degradation processes. We hypothesized that the elimination of hydrochloric acid would transform CPs into chlorinated olefins (COs). Mass spectrometry is widely used to detect CPs, mostly in the selected ion monitoring mode (SIM) evaluating 2-3 ions at mass resolutions R < 20'000. This approach is not suited to detected COs, because their mass spectra strongly overlap with CPs. We applied a mathematical deconvolution method based on full-scan MS data to separate interfered CP/CO spectra. Metal drilling indeed induced HCl-losses. CO proportions in exposed mixtures of chlorotridecanes increased. Thermal exposure of chlorotridecanes at 160, 180, 200 and 220 °C also induced dehydrohalogenation reactions and CO proportions also increased. Deconvolution of respective mass spectra is needed to study the CP transformation kinetics without bias from CO interferences. Apparent first-order rate constants (kapp) increased up to 0.17, 0.29 and 0.46 h-1 for penta-, hexa- and heptachloro-tridecanes exposed at 220 °C. Respective half-life times (τ1/2) decreased from 4.0 to 2.4 and 1.5 h. Thus, higher chlorinated paraffins degrade faster than lower chlorinated ones. In conclusion, exposure of CPs during metal drilling and thermal treatment induced HCl losses and CO formation. It is expected that CPs and COs are co-released from such processes. Full-scan mass spectra and subsequent deconvolution of interfered signals is a promising approach to tackle the CP/CO problem, in case of insufficient mass resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schinkel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamic, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Lehner
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Reidbach, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Marco Knobloch
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Reidbach, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Peter Lienemann
- ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Reidbach, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Christian Bogdal
- ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamic, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert V Heeb
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Briels N, Løseth ME, Ciesielski TM, Malarvannan G, Poma G, Kjærvik SA, Léon A, Cariou R, Covaci A, Jaspers VLB. In ovo transformation of two emerging flame retardants in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:51-57. [PMID: 29149662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) are two chlorinated, alternative flame retardants that have been found in wild birds and bird eggs. Little is known about the fate and effect of these compounds in birds, especially during the vulnerable stages of embryonic development. To investigate the ability of birds to biotransform these compounds, an in ovo exposure experiment with Japanese quail eggs was performed. Quail eggs were injected in the yolk sac with 1000ng/g egg of TDCIPP (2.3 nmol/g ww), DP (1.5 nmol/g ww) or a mixture of both and were then incubated at 37.5°C for 17 days. To get a time-integrated understanding of the in ovo transformation of the compounds, one egg per treatment was removed from the incubator every day and analyzed for TDCIPP and its metabolite bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and/or for DP. By the end of the incubation period, TDCIPP was completely metabolized, while simultaneously BDCIPP was formed. The conversion of the parent compound into the metabolite did not occur proportionally and the concentration of BDCIPP showed a tendency to decrease when TDCIPP became depleted, both indicating that BDCIPP was further transformed into compounds not targeted for analysis. Further untargeted investigations did not show the presence of other metabolites, possibly due to the volatility of the metabolites. On the other hand, the DP concentration did not decrease during egg incubation. This study indicates that within the incubation period, avian embryos are able to biotransform TDCIPP, but not DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Briels
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Mari E Løseth
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sara A Kjærvik
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexis Léon
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR INRA 1329, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Ronan Cariou
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR INRA 1329, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Envitox Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Du X, Yuan B, Zhou Y, Benskin JP, Qiu Y, Yin G, Zhao J. Short-, Medium-, and Long-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Wildlife from Paddy Fields in the Yangtze River Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1072-1080. [PMID: 29320169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were added to Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in April, 2017. As a consequence of this regulation, increasing production and usage of alternatives, such as medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs and LCCPs, respectively), is expected. Little is known about the environmental fate and behavior of MCCPs and LCCPs. In the present study, SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs were analyzed in nine wildlife species from paddy fields in the Yangtze River Delta, China, using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs were detected in all samples at concentrations ranging from <91-43 000, 96-33 000, and 14-10 000 ng/g lipid, respectively. Most species contained primarily MCCPs (on average 44%), with the exception of collared scops owl and common cuckoo, in which SCCPs (43%) accumulated to a significantly (i.e., p < 0.05) greater extent than MCCPs (40%). Cl6 groups were dominant in most species except for yellow weasel and short-tailed mamushi, which contained primarily Cl7 groups. Principal components analysis, together with CP concentrations and carbon stable isotope analysis showed that habitat and feeding habits were key factors driving CP accumulation and congener group patterns in wildlife. This is the first report of LCCP exposure in wildlife and highlights the need for data on risks associated with CP usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ge Yin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
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43
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Brits M, Gorst-Allman P, Rohwer ER, De Vos J, de Boer J, Weiss JM. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry for screening of organohalogenated compounds in cat hair. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1536:151-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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44
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Jondreville C, Cariou R, Méda B, Dominguez-Romero E, Omer E, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B, Travel A, Baéza E. Accumulation of α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) in tissues of fast- and slow-growing broilers (Gallus domesticus). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:424-431. [PMID: 28342374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to describe the fate of ingested α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) in fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG) broilers, through an exposure to a dietary concentration of 50 ng α-HBCDD g-1 feed during 42 and 84 days, respectively. Depuration parameters were assessed in SG broilers successively exposed during 42 days and depurated during 42 days. At market age, SG broilers had ingested 42% more feed than FG broilers, while their body weight gain per g of feed ingested was 34% lower. No isomerization of α- to β- or γ-HBCDD forms occurred, while OH-HBCDD was identified as a product of α-HBCDD metabolism. Irrespective of the strain, abdominal fat displayed the highest α-HBCDD concentration on a lipid weight basis, followed leg muscles and then breast muscle, liver and plasma. The accumulation ratios of α-HBCDD were slightly higher in SG (6.7, 2.1, 2.6 and 9.9 in leg muscles, breast muscle, liver and abdominal fat, respectively) than in FG broilers (5.2, 2.2, 1.1 and 8.4, respectively). The elimination half-lives in SG broilers were 20, 12 and 19 d in leg muscles, breast muscle and abdominal fat, respectively, to which dilution through growth contributed for around 50%. The overall assimilation efficiency of α-HBCDD was estimated at 58 and 50% in FG and SG broilers, respectively, while 22 and 17% of α-HBCDD ingested were estimated to be eliminated in excreta as metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Cariou
- LABERCA, LUNAM Université, Oniris, INRA, 44307, Nantes Cedex, France
| | | | - Elena Dominguez-Romero
- AFPA, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; URA, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France; ITAVI, Centre INRA de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elsa Omer
- LABERCA, LUNAM Université, Oniris, INRA, 44307, Nantes Cedex, France
| | | | - Bruno Le Bizec
- LABERCA, LUNAM Université, Oniris, INRA, 44307, Nantes Cedex, France
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