1
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Wei S, Du W, Hao Z, Li N, Li Y, Wang M. Construction of dense film inside capillary wall and SERS application research. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123967. [PMID: 38309008 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The high-density particle distribution in capillary was a crucial factor for enhancing SERS properties and a difficult point in the preparation process. The direct high-temperature method was used to fuse the particles and form a uniform and dense particle distribution on the capillary's inner wall, providing a foundation for enhancing Raman signals. The prepared capillary SERS substrate strongly enhances the rhodamine 6G (R6G) signal, and the RSD values of several characteristic peaks of R6G are about 10 %, demonstrating high sensitivity, uniformity, and stability. Using capillary SERS substrate for detecting goat serum. Embedding precious metal particles into capillary SERS substrate can effectively encapsulate the tested liquid and avoid contamination, which improves the disadvantage of traditional substrates exposing the liquid to air. The prepared capillary SERS substrate could be used for field and biomedical sensitivity detection, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for developing the capillary SERS substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zongshuo Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Mingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
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2
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Yeganegi A, Fardindoost S, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) combined with Raman spectroscopy for selective detection of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Talanta 2024; 267:125271. [PMID: 37806109 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A proof-of-concept sensor is developed for the sensitive and selective detection of Trans-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesized with a THC template which was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy to perform label-free monitoring of THC based on a single identifying Raman peak. The MIP sensor produced a peak at 1614 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum originating from the THC target molecule, allowing for the selective quantification of bound THC with the lowest detection limit of 250 ppm. A higher sensitivity of the MIP to the THC target molecule was observed compared to the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) control which confirmed the presence of THC-specific recognition sites within the synthesized MIP sensing material. The selectivity of this MIP-based sensor was determined by measuring the Raman spectrum of MIP exposed to Cannabidiol (CBD), ethanol, and acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Yeganegi
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Somayeh Fardindoost
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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3
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Wolfe TJ, Kruse NA, Radwan MM, Wanas AS, Sigworth KN, ElSohly MA, Hammer NI. A study of major cannabinoids via Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123133. [PMID: 37473664 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids, a class of molecules specific to the cannabis plant, are some of the most relevant molecules under study today due to their widespread use and varying legal status. Here, we present Raman spectra of a series of eleven cannabinoids and compare them to simulated spectra from density functional theory computations. The studied cannabinoids include three cannabinoid acids (Δ9-THC acid, CBD acid, and CBG acid) and eight neutral ones (Δ9-THC, CBD, CBG, CBDVA, CBDV, Δ8-THC, CBN and CBC). All cannabinoids have been isolated from cannabis plant gown at the University of Mississippi. The data presented in this work represents the most resolved experimental and highest-level simulated spectra available to date for each cannabinoid. All cannabinoids displayed higher peak separation in the experimental spectra than CBGA, which is most likely attributable to physical composition of the samples. The overall agreement between the experimental and simulated spectra is good, however for certain vibrational modes, especially those in the -OH stretching region, deviations are observed due to hydrogen bonding, suggesting that the OH stretching region is a good probe for decarboxylation reactions in these and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kruse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Amira S Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kalee N Sigworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Si Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Li B, Ni Z, Shi H. Ag@AuNP-Functionalized Capillary-Based SERS Sensing Platform for Interference-Free Detection of Glucose in Urine Using SERS Tags with Built-In Nitrile Signal. Molecules 2023; 28:7939. [PMID: 38138429 PMCID: PMC10745321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A Ag@AuNP-functionalized capillary-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing platform for the interference-free detection of glucose using SERS tags with a built-in nitrile signal has been proposed in this work. Capillary-based SERS capture substrates were prepared by connecting 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MBA) to the surface of the Ag@AuNP layer anchored on the inner wall of the capillaries. The SERS tags with a built-in interference-free signal could then be fixed onto the Ag@AuNP layer of the capillary-based capture substrate based on the distinguished feature of glucose, which can form a bidentate glucose-boronic complex. Thus, many "hot spots" were formed, which produced an improved SERS signal. The quantitative analysis of glucose levels was realized using the interference-free SERS intensity of nitrile at 2222 cm-1, with a detection limit of about 0.059 mM. Additionally, the capillary-based disposable SERS sensing platform was successfully employed to detect glucose in artificial urine, and the new strategy has great potential to be further applied in the diagnosis and control of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Si
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yehao Yan
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Bingwen Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Zeyun Ni
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Hongrui Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
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Sha KC, Shah MB, Solanki SJ, Makwana VD, Sureja DK, Gajjar AK, Bodiwala KB, Dhameliya TM. Recent Advancements and Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical Analysis. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Botta R, Limwichean S, Limsuwan N, Moonlek C, Horprathum M, Eiamchai P, Chananonnawathorn C, Patthanasettakul V, Chindaudom P, Nuntawong N, Ngernsutivorakul T. An efficient and simple SERS approach for trace analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol and multi-cannabinoid detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121598. [PMID: 35816867 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many countries have legalized cannabis and its derived products for multiple purposes. Consequently, it has become necessary to develop a rapid, effective, and reliable tool for detecting delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN), which are important biologically active compounds in cannabis. Herein, we have fabricated SERS chips by using glancing angle deposition and tuned dimensions of silver nanorods (AgNRs) for detecting THC and CBN at low concentrations. Experimental and computational results showed that the AgNR substrate with film thickness (or nanorod length) of 150 nm, corresponding to nanorod diameter of 79 nm and gap between nanorods of 23 nm, can effectively sense trace THC and CBN with good reproducibility and sensitivity. Due to limited spectral studies of the cannabinoids in previous reports, this work also explored towards identifying characteristic Raman lines of THC and CBN. This information is critical to further reliable data analysis and interpretation. Moreover, multianalyte detection of THC and CBN in a mixture was successfully demonstrated by applying an open-source independent component analysis (ICA) model. The overall method is fast, sensitive, and reliable for sensing trace THC and CBN. The SERS chip-based method and spectral results here are useful for a variety of cannabis testing applications, such as product screening and forensic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Botta
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Saksorn Limwichean
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nutthamon Limsuwan
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chalisa Moonlek
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mati Horprathum
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pitak Eiamchai
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanunthorn Chananonnawathorn
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Viyapol Patthanasettakul
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Chindaudom
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Noppadon Nuntawong
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Thitaphat Ngernsutivorakul
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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Harpaz D, Bernstein N, Namdar D, Eltzov E. Portable biosensors for rapid on-site determination of cannabinoids in cannabis, a review. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108031. [PMID: 36058440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the therapeutic virtues of cannabidiol (CBD). Furthermore, due to their molecular enriched profiles, cannabis inflorescences are biologically superior to a single cannabinoid for the treatment of various health conditions. Thus, there is flourishing demand for Cannabis sativa varieties containing high levels of CBD. Additionally, legal regulations around the world restrict the cultivation and consumption of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-rich cannabis plants for their psychotropic effects. Therefore, the use of cannabis varieties that are high in CBD is permitted as long as their THC content does not exceed a low threshold of 0.3%-0.5%, depending on the jurisdiction. These chemovars are legally termed 'hemp'. This controlled cannabinoid requirement highlights the need to detect low levels of THC, already in the field. In this review, cannabis profiling and the existing methods used for the detection of cannabinoids are firstly evaluated. Then, selected valuable biosensor technologies are discussed, which suggest portable, rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and reliable methods for on-site identification of cannabinoids levels, mainly THC. Recent cutting-edge techniques of promising potential usage for both cannabis and hemp analysis are identified, as part of the future cultivation and agricultural improvement of this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, POBox 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Dvora Namdar
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, POBox 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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Tay LL, Hulse J, Paroli R. FTIR and Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Cannabinoids. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) are three key phytochemical components of cannabis. All three have demonstrated phytochemical activity and are implicated in pharmacological use of cannabis. In this paper, we present the FTIR and Raman spectroscopic characterization of THC, CBD and CBN compounds obtained from certified reference materials. Spontaneous Raman, mid-Infrared (MIR) absorption spectra as well as the analogous surface-enhanced counterparts (Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and surface enhanced Infrared absorption (SEIRA)) of the cannabinoids are discussed in detail here. We have also examined the laser induced photothermal changes that occur in THC and CBD under spontaneous Raman acquisition conditions as revealed in their Raman spectra. Vibrational spectroscopy provides a robust, portable and cost effective analytical approach to quality control for various medicinal and consumer cannabinoid products. The pure compound spectra of the three cannabinoids presented in this work will help end-users to establish better quantitative analysis methods based on these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lin Tay
- National Research Council Canada, 6356, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Hulse
- National Research Council Canada, 6356, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph Paroli
- National Research Council Canada, 6356, Ottawa, Canada
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Deidda R, Dispas A, De Bleye C, Hubert P, Ziemons É. Critical review on recent trends in cannabinoid determination on cannabis herbal samples: From chromatographic to vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang M, Pan J, Xu X, Fu G, Zhang L, Sun P, Yan X, Liu F, Wang C, Liu X, Lu G. Gold-Trisoctahedra-Coated Capillary-Based SERS Platform for Microsampling and Sensitive Detection of Trace Fentanyl. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4850-4858. [PMID: 35258921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cost-effective and highly reproducible capillary-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for sensitive, portable detection and identification of fentanyl is presented. Through encapsulating gold trisoctahedra (Au TOH) in the capillary tube for the first time, the SERS platform was constructed by combining the superior SERS properties of Au TOH and the advantages of capillaries in SERS signal amplification, facile sample extraction, and portable trace analysis. The effects of the size and density of Au TOH on the SERS performance were investigated by experiments and simulations, which showed that the maximum SERS enhancement was obtained for Au TOH with the size of 75 nm when particle density reached 74.54 counts/μm2. The proposed SERS platform possesses good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 5%. As a demonstration, the platform was applied to detect fentanyl spiked in aqueous solution and serum samples with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1.86 and 40.63 ng/mL, respectively. We also validated the feasibility of the designed platform for accurate identification of trace fentanyl adulterated in heroin at mass concentration down to 0.1% (10 ng in 10 μg total). Overall, this work advances more explorations on capillary-based SERS platform to benefit portable trace analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Pan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Public Security of Jilin Province, Changchun 130051, People's Republic of China
| | - Gege Fu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Żubrycka A, Kwaśnica A, Haczkiewicz M, Sipa K, Rudnicki K, Skrzypek S, Poltorak L. Illicit drugs street samples and their cutting agents. The result of the GC-MS based profiling define the guidelines for sensors development. Talanta 2022; 237:122904. [PMID: 34736717 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have focused on the profiling of 5647 street samples covering marijuana, common and new recreational illicit drugs. All samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. In total we have identified 53 illicit drugs with Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), amphetamine, N-ethylhexedrone, 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA), 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC), α-pyrrolidinoisohexaphenone (α-PHiP), cocaine, and 4-chloroethcathinone (4-CEC) being most commonly found and making 38.5, 17.8, 15.5, 8.0, 3.5, 2.7, 2.1, and 2.0% of the total studied pool, respectively. Except for methadone, all analyzed street samples were spiked with at least one cutting agent. Caffeine was the most frequently found adulterating addition present in around 33% (excluding marijuana) of the analyzed samples. Other identified cutting agents make an impressive group of more than 160 compounds. Finally, we have tabulated, illustrated, and discussed presented data in a view of smart and portable sensors development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Żubrycka
- Laboratorium Badań Toksykologicznych Lab4Tox Sp. Z o.o., Skłodowskiej-Curie 55/61, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kwaśnica
- Laboratorium Badań Toksykologicznych Lab4Tox Sp. Z o.o., Skłodowskiej-Curie 55/61, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Haczkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Sipa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Rudnicki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Kang C, Sun Z, Fang X, Zha L, Han Y, Liu H, Guo J, Zhang X. Molecular trace detection in liquids using refocusing optical feedback by a silver-coated capillary. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6934-6939. [PMID: 36132359 PMCID: PMC9418034 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00593f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely used owing to its high sensitivity and rapid response. In particular, 3D SERS-active platforms greatly extend the interaction area and ensure the ability to directly detect trace amounts of molecules in liquids. A silver-coated capillary, with the ability of liquid sampling and light guiding, provides a new platform for high-performance SERS substrates. In this paper, the silver mirror reaction was used for coating silver on the outer wall of the capillary. PDMS was used as a coating material to protect the silver film. Because of the silver coating, Mie scattering and Raman scattering in the liquid channel can be refocused and reflected back which greatly reduces the propagation loss and extends the interaction length. An enhancement factor as high as 108 and a detection limit of 10-10 M of rhodamine 6G in aqueous solution have been achieved. Moreover, the SERS intensity is homogeneous across the end face of the liquid channel, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) value changing within 7%. The large area and high homogeneity greatly reduce the requirement of light coupling precision and liquid injection pressure. Using a common flange optical fiber connector, the capillary can be simply connected and aligned with a multimode fiber with a detection limit of 10-8 M. The experiment results show great potential for the development of an optofluidic integrated system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Zhoutao Sun
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Lei Zha
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Yu Han
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Jinxin Guo
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
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13
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Liao W, Chen Y, Huang L, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Tang Q, Chen Z, Liu K. A capillary-based SERS sensor for ultrasensitive and selective detection of Hg 2+ by amalgamation with Au@4-MBA@Ag core-shell nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:354. [PMID: 34570272 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A capillary-based SERS sensor was fabricated for ultrasensitive and selective detection of Hg2+ in water. Au@Ag core-shell NPs embedded with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) (Au@4-MBA@Ag) were prepared by a seed growth method and fixed on the inner wall of the glass capillary to obtain the sensor. Owing to the amalgamation between Ag and Hg, the capillary-based SERS sensor can specifically recognize the reduced Hg2+ without any recognition element, and the resulted Ag/Hg amalgam can weaken the SERS activity of Ag shell; thus, the SERS intensity of the embedded 4-MBA at 1075 cm-1 gradually decreased with the increase of Hg2+ concentration. Under the optimum condition, the fabricated sensor can sensitively determine Hg2+ in water with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.03 nM. The capillary-based SERS sensor offers the advantages of simple preparation, superior stability, and high selectivity, which is promising for rapid and on-site detection of Hg2+ in water combined with a portable Raman device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Liao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Yangjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Youting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Quan Tang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineer, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, China
| | - Zhenming Chen
- College of Material and Chemical Engineer, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, China
| | - Kunping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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14
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Wang L, Womiloju AA, Höppener C, Schubert US, Hoeppener S. On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates - chemical and morphological considerations. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:541-551. [PMID: 34194890 PMCID: PMC8204127 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The stability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates in different organic solvents and different buffer solutions was investigated. SERS substrates were fabricated by a microwave-assisted synthesis approach and the morphological as well as chemical changes of the SERS substrates were studied. It was demonstrated that the SERS substrates treated with methanol, ethanol, or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were comparable and showed overall good stability and did not show severe morphological changes or a strong decrease in their Raman activity. Toluene treatment resulted in a strong decrease in the Raman activity whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment completely preserved or even slightly improved the Raman enhancement capabilities. SERS substrates immersed into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions were observed to be rather instable in low and neutral pH buffer solutions. Other buffer systems showed less severe influences on the SERS activity of the substrates and a carbonate buffer at pH 10 was found to even improve SERS performance. This study represents a guideline on the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates or other SERS substrates consisting of non-stabilized silver nanoparticles for the application of different organic solvents and buffer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aisha Adebola Womiloju
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Höppener
- Leibniz-Institut of Photonic Technology e.V. (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sigmar Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Sun Z, Kang C, Fang X, Liu H, Guo J, Zhang X. A SERS-active capillary for direct molecular trace detection in liquids. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2617-2622. [PMID: 36134153 PMCID: PMC9418469 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) promotes the wide application of Raman spectroscopy in chemical and biomolecular detection. SERS detection relies on analytes in close contact with the metallic surface, and therefore direct molecular trace detection in the liquid phase is difficult. In this paper, static liquid phase SERS detection was performed simply using a capillary without pre-functionalization. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with an optimized size ensure localized surface plasmons in resonance with the exciting laser light. Grazing incidence and multimode interference in the capillary ensure that the longitudinal Raman signal is effectively excited and accumulated. An enhancement factor as high as 108 and a detection limit of 10-9 M of crystal violet in aqueous solution have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoutao Sun
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology and Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Chen Kang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology and Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology and Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology and Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Jinxin Guo
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology and Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology and Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
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16
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Chand R, Mittal N, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Upconverting nanoparticle clustering based rapid quantitative detection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on lateral-flow immunoassay. Analyst 2021; 146:574-580. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01850c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is the most abused psychoactive drug worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Chand
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Neha Mittal
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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17
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Ahmed SR, Chand R, Kumar S, Mittal N, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Recent biosensing advances in the rapid detection of illicit drugs. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Islam SK, Cheng YP, Birke RL, Cañamares MV, Muehlethaler C, Lombardi JR. An analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its analogs using surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Lin S, Hasi W, Lin X, Han S, Xiang T, Liang S, Wang L. Lab-On-Capillary Platform for On-Site Quantitative SERS Analysis of Surface Contaminants Based on Au@4-MBA@Ag Core-Shell Nanorods. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1465-1473. [PMID: 32268725 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A portable and highly reproducible lab-on-capillary surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform was developed using a specially designed homemade device for rapid on-site SERS measurement. In particular, this platform was composed of a capillary with a tiny orifice, which allows an effective and lossless sample extraction, resulting in high SERS performance. The capillary-based plasmonic substrate was prepared by compactly assembling Au@Ag core-shell nanorods (NRs) embedded with the 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) molecule as an internal standard onto the inner wall of a capillary tube. The fabrication process is facile and convenient with no requirement for complicated procedures. The exclusively prepared nanoparticles were able to significantly improve the signal consistency and overcome the limitations of reliable quantitative SERS analysis compared with conventional methods. Importantly, it was found that this capillary-based substrate with higher sensitivity was essentially attributed to more valid nanoparticles in the effective laser excitation region derived from the unique structure of the capillary. Furthermore, the applicability of the Au@4-MBA@Ag nanorod-decorated capillary for the quantitative identification of fungicides (malachite green and crystal violet) on the shell was demonstrated. As a result, this proposed lab-on-capillary sensor holds promising practical potential for rapid on-site analysis, especially for various contaminants on an uneven surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Wuliji Hasi
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Siqingaowa Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities,Tongliao 028007, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xiang
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Shan Liang
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
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20
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Bindesri SD, Jebailey R, Albarghouthi N, Pye CC, Brosseau CL. Spectroelectrochemical and computational studies of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH). Analyst 2020; 145:1849-1857. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02173f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical SERS allows for the rapid detection of both THC and THC-COOH in bodily fluid matrices without interferences from matrix species, paving the way to a point-of-need tool for cannabinoid detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cory C. Pye
- Department of Chemistry
- Saint Mary's University
- Halifax
- Canada
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21
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Farquharson S, Brouillette C, Smith W, Shende C. A Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectral Library of Important Drugs Associated With Point-of-Care and Field Applications. Front Chem 2019; 7:706. [PMID: 31709234 PMCID: PMC6823623 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, the ability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure extremely low concentrations, such as mg/L and below, and the availability of hand-held Raman spectrometers, has led to a significant growth in the number and variety of applications of SERS to real-world problems. Most of these applications involve the measurement of drugs, such as quantifying medication in patients, identifying illicit drugs in impaired drivers, and more recently, identifying drugs used as weapons. Similar to Raman spectroscopy, most of the point-of-care and field applications involve the identification of the drug to determine the course of action. However, unlike Raman spectroscopy, spectral libraries are not readily available to perform the necessary identification. In a large part, this is due to the uniqueness of the commercially available SERS substrates, each of which can produce different spectra for the same drug. In an effort to overcome this limitation, we have measured numerous drugs using the most common, and readily available SERS material and hand-held Raman analyzers, specifically gold colloids and analyzers using 785 nm laser excitation. Here we present the spectra of some 39 drugs of current interest, such as buprenorphine, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, and fentanyl, which we hope will aid in the development of current and future SERS drug analysis applications.
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22
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Sivashanmugan K, Zhao Y, Wang AX. Tetrahydrocannabinol Sensing in Complex Biofluid with Portable Raman Spectrometer Using Diatomaceous SERS Substrates. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E125. [PMID: 31615082 PMCID: PMC6955980 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using thin-layer chromatography in tandem with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TLC-SERS) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) sensing in complex biological fluids is successfully conducted with a portable Raman spectrometer. Both THC and THC metabolites are detected from the biofluid of marijuana-users as biomarkers for identifying cannabis exposure. In this article, ultra-sensitive SERS substrates based on diatomaceous earth integrated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were employed to detect trace levels of cannabis biomarkers in saliva. Strong characteristic THC and THC metabolite SERS peaks at 1601 and 1681 cm-1 were obtained despite the moderate interference of biological molecules native to saliva. Urine samples were also analyzed, but they required TLC separation of THC from the urine sample to eliminate the strong influence of urea and other organic molecules. TLC separation of THC from the urine was performed by porous microfluidic channel devices using diatomaceous earth as the stationary phase. The experimental results showed clear separation between urea and THC, and strong THC SERS characteristic peaks. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the SERS spectra collected from various THC samples. The spectra in the principal component space were well clustered for each sample type and share very similar scores in the main principal component (PC1), which can serve as the benchmark for THC sensing from complex SERS spectra. Therefore, we proved that portable Raman spectrometers can enable an on-site sensing capability using diatomaceous SERS substrates to detect THC in real biological solutions. This portable THC sensing technology will play pivotal roles in forensic analysis, medical diagnosis, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Sivashanmugan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Alan X Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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23
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Zhang Q, Berg D, Mugo SM. Molecularly imprinted carbon based electrodes for tetrahydrocannabinol sensing. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Sivashanmugan K, Squire K, Tan A, Zhao Y, Kraai JA, Rorrer GL, Wang AX. Trace Detection of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Body Fluid via Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Principal Component Analysis. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1109-1117. [PMID: 30907578 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main active component in marijuana and the rapid detection of THC in human body fluid plays a critical role in forensic analysis and public health. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing has been increasingly used to detect illicit drugs; however, only limited SERS sensing results of THC in methanol solution have been reported, while its presence in body fluids, such as saliva or plasma, has yet to be investigated. In this article, we demonstrate the trace detection of THC in human plasma and saliva solution using a SERS-active substrate formed by in situ growth of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on diatom frustules. THC at extremely low concentration of 1 pM in plasma and purified saliva solutions were adequately distinguished with good reproducibility. The SERS peak at 1603 cm-1 with standard deviation of 3.4 cm-1 was used for the evaluation of THC concentration in a methanol solution. Our SERS measurement also shows that this signature peak experiences a noticeable wavenumber shift and a slightly wider variation in the plasma and saliva solution. Additionally, we observed that THC in plasma or saliva samples produces a strong SERS peak at 1621 cm-1 due to the stretching mode of O-C═O, which is related to the metabolic change of THC structures in body fluid. To conduct a quantitative analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the SERS spectra of 1 pM THC in methanol solution, plasma, and purified saliva samples. The maximum variability of the first three principal components was achieved at 71%, which clearly denotes the impact of different biological background signals. Similarly, the SERS spectra of THC in raw saliva solution under various metabolic times were studied using PCA and 98% of the variability is accounted for in the first three principal components. The clear separation of samples measured at different THC resident times can provide time-dependent information on the THC metabolic process in body fluids. A linear regression model was used to estimate the metabolic rate of THC in raw saliva and the predicted metabolic time in the testing data set matched well with the training data set. In summary, the hybrid plasmonic-biosilica SERS substrate can achieve ultrasensitive, near-quantitative detection of trace levels of THC in complex body fluids, which can potentially transform forensic sensing techniques to detect marijuana abuse.
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25
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ZHANG C, HAN SQGW, ZHAO H, LIN S, HASI WLJ. Detection and Quantification of Bucinnazine Hydrochloride Injection Based on SERS Technology. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:1249-1255. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen ZHANG
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | | | - Hang ZHAO
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Shuang LIN
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Wu-Li-Ji HASI
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology
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26
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Combined host-guest complex with coffee-ring effect for constructing ultrasensitive SERS substrate for phenformin hydrochloride detection in healthcare products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7599-7609. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Shi R, Liu X, Ying Y. Facing Challenges in Real-Life Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: Design and Nanofabrication of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for Rapid Field Test of Food Contaminants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6525-6543. [PMID: 28920678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is capable of detecting a single molecule with high specificity and has become a promising technique for rapid chemical analysis of agricultural products and foods. With a deeper understanding of the SERS effect and advances in nanofabrication technology, SERS is now on the edge of going out of the laboratory and becoming a sophisticated analytical tool to fulfill various real-world tasks. This review focuses on the challenges that SERS has met in this progress, such as how to obtain a reliable SERS signal, improve the sensitivity and specificity in a complex sample matrix, develop simple and user-friendly practical sensing approach, reduce the running cost, etc. This review highlights the new thoughts on design and nanofabrication of SERS-active substrates for solving these challenges and introduces the recent advances of SERS applications in this area. We hope that our discussion will encourage more researches to address these challenges and eventually help to bring SERS technology out of the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Shi
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Xiangjiang Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
- Zhejiang A&F University , 88 Huanchengdong Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 311300 , China
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28
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Zheng XS, Jahn IJ, Weber K, Cialla-May D, Popp J. Label-free SERS in biological and biomedical applications: Recent progress, current challenges and opportunities. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 197:56-77. [PMID: 29395932 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To achieve an insightful look within biomolecular processes on the cellular level, the development of diseases as well as the reliable detection of metabolites and pathogens, a modern analytical tool is needed that is highly sensitive, molecular-specific and exhibits fast detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is known to meet these requirements and, within this review article, the recent progress of label-free SERS in biological and biomedical applications is summarized and discussed. This includes the detection of biomolecules such as metabolites, nucleic acids and proteins. Further, the characterization and identification of microorganisms has been achieved by label-free SERS-based approaches. Eukaryotic cells can be characterized by SERS in order to gain information about the outer cell wall or to detect intracellular molecules and metabolites. The potential of SERS for medically relevant detection schemes is emphasized by the label-free detection of tissue, the investigation of body fluids as well as applications for therapeutic and illicit drug monitoring. The review article is concluded with an evaluation of the recent progress and current challenges in order to highlight the direction of label-free SERS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Zheng
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Izabella Jolan Jahn
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07745 Jena, Germany; Research Campus Infectognostic, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07745 Jena, Germany; Research Campus Infectognostic, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07745 Jena, Germany; Research Campus Infectognostic, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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29
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Islam SK, Cheng YP, Birke RL, Green O, Kubic T, Lombardi JR. Rapid and sensitive detection of synthetic cannabinoids AMB-FUBINACA and α-PVP using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Application of nanocomposite polymer hydrogels for ultra-sensitive fluorescence detection of proteins in gel electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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Jahn IJ, Žukovskaja O, Zheng XS, Weber K, Bocklitz TW, Cialla-May D, Popp J. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and microfluidic platforms: challenges, solutions and potential applications. Analyst 2017; 142:1022-1047. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00118e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The review provides an overview of the development in the field of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. J. Jahn
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
| | - O. Žukovskaja
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - X.-S. Zheng
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - K. Weber
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
| | - T. W. Bocklitz
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
| | - D. Cialla-May
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
| | - J. Popp
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena
| |
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