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Gasso S, Carrier J, Radu D, Lai CY. Novel Gas Sensing Approach: ReS 2/Ti 3C 2T x Heterostructures for NH 3 Detection in Humid Environments. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4788-4802. [PMID: 39174348 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of ammonia (NH3) in humid environments poses a notable challenge for gas sensing applications because of its effect on sensor sensitivity. The present work investigates the detection of NH3 in a natural humid environment utilizing ReS2/Ti3C2Tx heterostructures as a sensing platform. ReS2 nanosheets were vertically grown on the surface of Ti3C2Tx sheets through a hydrothermal synthetic approach, resulting in the formation of ReS2/Ti3C2Tx heterostructures. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of ReS2/Ti3C2Tx were investigated using various state-of-the-art techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique, and Raman spectroscopy. The heterostructures exhibited 1.3- and 8-fold increases in specific surface area compared with ReS2 and Ti3C2Tx, respectively, potentially enhancing the active gas adsorption sites. The electrical investigations of the ReS2/Ti3C2Tx-based sensor demonstrated enhanced selectivity and superior sensing response ranging from 7.8 to 12.4% toward 10 ppm of NH3 within a relative humidity range of 15-85% at room temperature. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of ReS2 and Ti3C2Tx, offering valuable insights for NH3 sensing in environments with high humidity, and are explained in the gas sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Gasso
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Jake Carrier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Daniela Radu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Cheng-Yu Lai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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2
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Singh M, Scotognella F, Paternò GM. Degenerately doped metal oxide nanocrystals for infrared light harvesting: insight into their plasmonic properties and future perspectives. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:6796-6812. [PMID: 39130726 PMCID: PMC11307255 DOI: 10.1039/d4ma00426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The tuneability of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of degenerately doped metal oxide (MOX) nanocrystals (NCs) over a wide range of the infrared (IR) region by controlling NC size and doping content offers a unique opportunity to develop a future generation of optoelectronic and photonic devices like IR photodetectors and sensors. The central aim of this review article is to highlight the distinctive and remarkable plasmonic properties of degenerately or heavily doped MOX nanocrystals by reviewing the comprehensive literature reported so far. In particular, the literature of each MOX NC, i.e. ZnO, CdO, In2O3, and WO3 doped with different dopants, is discussed separately. In addition to discussion of the most commonly used colloidal synthesis approaches, the ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers in NCs and the extraction of LSPR-assisted hot-carriers are also discussed in detail. Finally, future prospective applications of MOX NCs in IR photodetectors and photovoltaic (PV) self-powered chemical sensors are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy
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3
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Yang J, Qin M, Pan Y, Yang L, Wei J, Yan C, Zhang G, Cao S, Huang Q. Au- ZnFe 2O 4 hollow microspheres based gas sensor for detecting the mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1409-1419. [PMID: 38687414 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Mustard gas, a representative of blister agents, poses a severe threat to human health. Although the structure of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) is similar to mustard gas, 2-CEES is non-toxic, rendering it a commonly employed simulant in related research. ZnFe2O4-based semiconductor gas sensors exhibit numerous advantages, including structural stability, high sensitivities, and easy miniaturization. However, they exhibit insufficient sensitivity at low concentrations and require high operating temperatures. Owing to the effect of electronic and chemical sensitization, the gas-sensing performance of a sensor may be remarkably enhanced via the sensitization method of noble metal loading. In this study, based on the morphologies of ZnFe2O4 hollow microspheres, a solvothermal method was adopted to realize different levels of Au loading. Toward 1 ppm of 2-CEES, the gas sensor based on 2 wt.% Au-loaded ZnFe2O4 hollow microspheres exhibited a response sensitivity twice that of the gas sensor based on pure ZnFe2O4; furthermore, the response/recovery times decreased. Additionally, the sensor displayed excellent linear response to low concentrations of 2-CEES, outstanding selectivity in the presence of several common volatile organic compounds, and good repeatability, as well as long-term stability. The Au-loaded ZnFe2O4-based sensor has considerable potential for use in detecting toxic chemical agents and their simulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Molin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jianan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - CanCan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Genwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shuya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Qibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 100000, China.
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4
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Yi S, Chen C, Yu M, Hao J, Wang Y. 2D/2D Bi 2Se 3/SnSe 2 heterostructure with rapid NO 2 gas detection. Front Chem 2024; 12:1425693. [PMID: 39130800 PMCID: PMC11309994 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1425693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterostructure engineering is crucial for enhancing gas sensing performance. However, achieving rapid response for room-temperature NO2 sensing through rational heterostructure design remains a challenge. In this study, a Bi2Se3/SnSe2 2D/2D heterostructure was synthesized by hydrothermal method for the rapid detection of NO2 at room temperature. By combining Bi2Se3 nanosheets with SnSe2 nanosheets, the Bi2Se3/SnSe2 sensor demonstrated and the lowest detection limit for NO2 a short response time (15 s) to 10 ppm NO2 at room temperature, reaches 25 ppb. Furthermore the sensor demonstrates significantly larger response to NO2 than to other interfering gases, including 10 ppm NO2, H2S, NH3, CH4, CO, and SO2,demonstrating its outstanding selectivity. And we discuss the mechanism of related performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juanjuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - You Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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5
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Fernández-Calzado A, Calvo-Villoslada A, Fernández P, Sotillo B. ZnO:CuO Composites Obtained by Rapid Joule Heating for Photocatalysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3502. [PMID: 39063796 PMCID: PMC11278348 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor oxides belonging to various families are ideal candidates for application in photocatalytic processes. One of the challenges facing photocatalytic processes today is improving their efficiency under sunlight irradiation. In this study, the growth and characterization of semiconductor oxide nanostructures and composites based on the ZnO and CuO families are proposed. The selected growth method is the resistive heating of Zn and Cu wires to produce the corresponding oxides, combined with galvanic corrosion of Zn. An exhaustive characterization of the materials obtained has been carried out using techniques based on scanning electron microscopy and optical spectroscopies. The method we have followed and the conditions used in this study present promising results, not only from a degradation efficiency point of view but also because it is a cheap, easy, and fast growth method. These characteristics are essential in order to scale the process beyond the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paloma Fernández
- Materials Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (A.C.-V.); (B.S.)
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6
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Rath RJ, Zhang WB, Kavehei O, Dehghani F, Naficy S, Farajikhah S, Oveissi F. Developing a Chemiresistive Gas Sensor Array for Simultaneous Detection of Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide Gases. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2836-2845. [PMID: 38753397 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Chemiresistive polymer-based sensors are promising platforms for monitoring various gases and volatile organic compounds. While they offer appealing attributes, such as ease of fabrication, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, most of these sensors have a nearly identical response to cross-reactive gases, such as ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Aiming to address the shortcomings of chemiresistive polymer-based sensors in selectivity and simultaneous measurements of cross-reactive gases, a chemiresistive sensor array was developed consisting of components sensitive to carbon dioxide and ammonia as well as a control segment to provide the baseline. The designed system demonstrated a wide detection range for both ammonia (ranging from 0.05 to 1000 ppm) and carbon dioxide (ranging from 103 to 106 ppm) at both room and low temperatures (e.g., 4 °C). Our results also demonstrate the ability of this sensor array for the simultaneous detection of carbon dioxide and ammonia selectively in the presence of other gases and volatile organic compounds. Finally, the array was used to monitor CO2/NH3 in real food samples to demonstrate the potential for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronil J Rath
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wesley B Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Omid Kavehei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Syamak Farajikhah
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Farshad Oveissi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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7
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Adachi K, Azakami H, Yamauchi M, Koshoji M, Yamamoto A, Tanaka S. Cyclodextrin-Assisted Surface-Enhanced Photochromic Phenomena of Tungsten(VI) Oxide Nanoparticles for Label-Free Colorimetric Detection of Phenylalanine. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18957-18972. [PMID: 38708261 PMCID: PMC11064177 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein are presented the results of experiments designed to evaluate the effectiveness of host-guest interactions in improving the sensitivity of colorimetric detection based on surface-enhanced photochromic phenomena of tungsten(VI) oxide (WO3) nanocolloid particles. The UV-induced photochromic coloration of WO3 nanocolloid particles in the presence of aromatic α-amino acid (AA), l-phenylalanine (Phe) or l-2-phenylglycine (Phg), and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TMβCDx) in an aqueous system was investigated using UV-vis absorption spectrometry. The characteristics of the adsorption modes and configurations of AAs on the WO3 surface have also been identified by using a combination of adsorption isotherm analysis and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). A distinct linear relationship was observed between the concentration of AAs adsorbed on the WO3 nanocolloid particles and the initial photochromic coloration rate in the corresponding UV-irradiated colloidal WO3 in aqueous media, indicating that a simple and sensitive quantification of AAs can be achieved from UV-induced WO3 photochromic coloration without any complicated preprocessing. The proposed colorimetric assay in the Phe/TMβCDx/WO3 ternary aqueous system had a linear range of 1 × 10-8 to 1 × 10-4 mol dm-3 for Phe detection, with a limit of detection of 8.3 × 10-9 mol dm-3. The combined results from UV-vis absorption, ATR-FTIR, and adsorption isotherm experiments conclusively indicated that the TMβCDx-complexed Phe molecules in the Phe/TMβCDx/WO3 ternary aqueous system are preferentially and strongly inner-sphere adsorbed on the WO3 surface, resulting in a more significant surface-enhanced photochromic phenomenon. The findings in this study provided intriguing insights into the design and development of the "label-free" colorimetric assay system based on the surface-enhanced photochromic phenomenon of the WO3 nanocolloid probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Adachi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences & Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Hiro Azakami
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences & Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yamauchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences & Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Moeka Koshoji
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi
University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Asami Yamamoto
- Department
of Environmental Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Science
& Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Shohei Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences & Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
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8
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Guillén-Bonilla H, Guillén-Bonilla JT, Rodríguez-Betancourtt VM, Ramírez-Ortega JA, Morán Lázaro JP, Guillén-Bonilla A. Synthesis and Sensing Response of Magnesium Antimoniate Oxide (MgSb 2O 6) in the Presence of Propane Atmospheres at Different Operating Voltages. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2147. [PMID: 38610357 PMCID: PMC11014215 DOI: 10.3390/s24072147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of MgSb2O6 were synthesized using a microwave-assisted wet chemistry method, followed by calcination at 700 °C. Their ability to detect different concentrations of propane gas (C3H8) at various operating voltages was evaluated. The material's crystalline phase was identified using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), finding bar- and polyhedron-type geometries. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found particle sizes of 8.87-99.85 nm with an average of ~27.63 nm. Employing ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, we found a band gap value of ~3.86 eV. Thick films made with MgSb2O6 powders were exposed to atmospheres containing 150, 300, 400, and 600 ppm of propane gas for dynamic testing. The time-dependent sensitivities were ~61.09, ~88.80, ~97.65, and ~112.81%. In addition, tests were carried out at different operating voltages (5-50 V), finding very short response and recovery times (~57.25 and ~18.45 s, respectively) at 50 V. The excellent dynamic response of the MgSb2O6 is attributed mainly to the synthesis method because it was possible to obtain nanometric-sized particles. Our results show that the trirutile-type oxide MgSb2O6 possesses the ability, efficiency, and thermal stability to be applied as a gas sensor for propane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Guillén-Bonilla
- Departament of Project Engineer, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, M. García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44410, Mexico;
| | - José Trinidad Guillén-Bonilla
- Departament of Electro-Photonics, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, M. García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44410, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Juan Pablo Morán Lázaro
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CUVALLES, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km 45.5, Ameca 46600, Mexico;
| | - Alex Guillén-Bonilla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CUVALLES, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km 45.5, Ameca 46600, Mexico;
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9
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Humayun M, Bououdina M, Usman M, Khan A, Luo W, Wang C. Designing State-of-the-Art Gas Sensors: From Fundamentals to Applications. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300350. [PMID: 38355899 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Gas sensors are crucial in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and medical diagnostics. Due to the rising demand for precise and reliable gas detection, there is a rising demand for cutting-edge gas sensors that possess exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Due to their tunable electrical properties, high-density surface-active sites, and significant surface-to-volume ratio, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated in this regard. The traditional gas sensors utilize homogeneous material for sensing where the adsorbed surface oxygen species play a vital role in their sensing activity. However, their performance for selective gas sensing is still unsatisfactory because the employed high temperature leads to the poor stability. The heterostructures nanomaterials can easily tune sensing performance and their different energy band structures, work functions, charge carrier concentration and polarity, and interfacial band alignments can be precisely designed for high-performance selective gas sensing at low temperature. In this review article, we discuss in detail the fundamentals of semiconductor gas sensing along with their mechanisms. Further, we highlight the existed challenges in semiconductor gas sensing. In addition, we review the recent advancements in semiconductor gas sensor design for applications from different perspective. Finally, the conclusion and future perspectives for improvement of the gas sensing performance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Humayun
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Khan
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Wawrzyniak J. Advancements in Improving Selectivity of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors Opening New Perspectives for Their Application in Food Industry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9548. [PMID: 38067920 PMCID: PMC10708670 DOI: 10.3390/s23239548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds not only contribute to the distinct flavors and aromas found in foods and beverages, but can also serve as indicators for spoilage, contamination, or the presence of potentially harmful substances. As the odor of food raw materials and products carries valuable information about their state, gas sensors play a pivotal role in ensuring food safety and quality at various stages of its production and distribution. Among gas detection devices that are widely used in the food industry, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors are of the greatest importance. Ongoing research and development efforts have led to significant improvements in their performance, rendering them immensely useful tools for monitoring and ensuring food product quality; however, aspects related to their limited selectivity still remain a challenge. This review explores various strategies and technologies that have been employed to enhance the selectivity of MOS gas sensors, encompassing the innovative sensor designs, integration of advanced materials, and improvement of measurement methodology and pattern recognize algorithms. The discussed advances in MOS gas sensors, such as reducing cross-sensitivity to interfering gases, improving detection limits, and providing more accurate assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could lead to further expansion of their applications in a variety of areas, including food processing and storage, ultimately benefiting both industry and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Wawrzyniak
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
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11
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Filatova D, Rumyantseva M. Additives in Nanocrystalline Tin Dioxide: Recent Progress in the Characterization of Materials for Gas Sensor Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6733. [PMID: 37895715 PMCID: PMC10608681 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Tin dioxide has huge potential and is widely studied and used in different fields, including as a sensitive material in semiconductor gas sensors. The specificity of the chemical activity of tin dioxide in its interaction with the gas phase is achieved via the immobilization of various modifiers on the SnO2 surface. The type of additive, its concentration, and the distribution between the surface and the volume of SnO2 crystallites have a significant effect on semiconductor gas sensor characteristics, namely sensitivity and selectivity. This review discusses the recent approaches to analyzing the composition of SnO2-based nanocomposites (the gross quantitative elemental composition, phase composition, surface composition, electronic state of additives, and mutual distribution of the components) and systematizes experimental data obtained using a set of analytical methods for studying the concentration of additives on the surface and in the volume of SnO2 nanocrystals. The benefits and drawbacks of new approaches to the high-accuracy analysis of SnO2-based nanocomposites by ICP MS and TXRF methods are discussed.
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12
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Tang Y, Lai P, Hu Z, Luo Y, Wang H, Yu L. A hard mask process and alignment device aims to achieve high consistency and mass-scale production of gas sensors based on spraying hydrothermal gas sensing material. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:105005. [PMID: 37843421 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The material synthesized through the hydrothermal method has received extensive and in-depth study in recent years, with a large number of literature reporting their excellent performance in the fields of catalysis or gas sensitivity. In order to combine the hydrothermal material with micro-electro-mechanical system processes to achieve large-scale manufacturing of hydrothermal synthesized materials at the wafer-level, this paper proposes a series of processes for hard mask patterned electro-atomization spraying of hydrothermal materials and designs and manufactures an alignment device that achieves the alignment of silicon hard mask and electrode wafers based on the vacuum clamping principle. Through experiments, it has been verified that this device can achieve micrometer-level alignment between the hard mask and the electrode wafer. By conducting electro-atomization spraying, hard mask patterning, optical microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscope measurements, as well as gas sensitivity testing on a CeO2/TiO2 hydrothermal composite material published in our previous research, it was further verified that this process has good film formation consistency (Sa and Sq are both less than 3 μm and the average film thickness deviation is less than 5 μm), excellent and consistent gas sensitivity performance, and good long-term working stability. This article provides a promising process method for the large-scale production of hydrothermal synthesis materials at the wafer-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanKun Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghui Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingmin Yu
- School of Material Science, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710048 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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13
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Almaev AV, Yakovlev NN, Almaev DA, Verkholetov MG, Rudakov GA, Litvinova KI. High Oxygen Sensitivity of TiO 2 Thin Films Deposited by ALD. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1875. [PMID: 37893312 PMCID: PMC10609136 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The gas sensitivity and structural properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) were examined in detail. The TiO2 thin films are deposited using Tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium(IV) and oxygen plasma at 300 °C on SiO2 substrates followed by annealing at temperatures of 800 °C. Gas sensitivity under exposure to O2 within the temperature range from 30 °C to 700 °C was studied. The ALD-deposited TiO2 thin films demonstrated high responses to O2 in the dynamic range from 0.1 to 100 vol. % and low concentrations of H2, NO2. The ALD deposition allowed the enhancement of sensitivity of TiO2 thin films to gases. The greatest response of TiO2 thin films to O2 was observed at a temperature of 500 °C and was 41.5 arb. un. under exposure to 10 vol. % of O2. The responses of TiO2 thin films to 0.1 vol. % of H2 and 7 × 10-4 vol. % of NO2 at a temperature of 500 °C were 10.49 arb. un. and 10.79 arb. un., correspondingly. The resistance of the films increased due to the chemisorption of oxygen molecules on their surface that decreased the thickness of the conduction channel between the metal contacts. It was suggested that there are two types of adsorption centers on the TiO2 thin films surface: oxygen is chemisorbed in the form of O2- on the first one and O- on the second one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei V. Almaev
- Research and Development Center for Advanced Technologies in Microelectronics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (N.N.Y.); (D.A.A.); (M.G.V.)
- Fokon LLC, 248035 Kaluga, Russia
| | - Nikita N. Yakovlev
- Research and Development Center for Advanced Technologies in Microelectronics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (N.N.Y.); (D.A.A.); (M.G.V.)
| | - Dmitry A. Almaev
- Research and Development Center for Advanced Technologies in Microelectronics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (N.N.Y.); (D.A.A.); (M.G.V.)
| | - Maksim G. Verkholetov
- Research and Development Center for Advanced Technologies in Microelectronics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (N.N.Y.); (D.A.A.); (M.G.V.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.R.); (K.I.L.)
| | - Grigory A. Rudakov
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.R.); (K.I.L.)
| | - Kristina I. Litvinova
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.R.); (K.I.L.)
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14
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Ikim MI, Gromov VF, Gerasimov GN, Spiridonova EY, Erofeeva AR, Kurmangaleev KS, Polunin KS, Ilegbusi OJ, Trakhtenberg LI. Structure, Conductivity, and Sensor Properties of Nanosized ZnO-In 2O 3 Composites: Influence of Synthesis Method. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1685. [PMID: 37763848 PMCID: PMC10535064 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the method used for synthesizing ZnO-In2O3 composites (nanopowder mixing, impregnation, and hydrothermal method) on the structure, conductivity, and sensor properties is investigated. With the nanopowder mixing, the size of the parent nanoparticles in the composite remains practically unchanged in the range of 50-100 nm. The impregnation composites consist of 70 nm In2O3 nanoparticles with ZnO nanoclusters < 30 nm in size located on its surface. The nanoparticles in the hydrothermal composites have a narrow size distribution in the range of 10-20 nm. The specific surface of hydrothermal samples is five times higher than that of impregnated samples. The sensor response of the impregnated composite to 1100 ppm H2 is 1.3-1.5 times higher than the response of the mixed composite. Additives of 15-20 and 85 wt.% ZnO to mixed and impregnated composites lead to an increase in the response compared with pure In2O3. In the case of hydrothermal composite, up to 20 wt.% ZnO addition leads to a decrease in response, but 65 wt.% ZnO addition increases response by almost two times compared with pure In2O3. The sensor activity of a hydrothermal composite depends on the phase composition of In2O3. The maximum efficiency is reached for the composite containing cubic In2O3 and the minimum for rhombohedral In2O3. An explanation is provided for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya I Ikim
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir F Gromov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Genrikh N Gerasimov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena Y Spiridonova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasiya R Erofeeva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kairat S Kurmangaleev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kirill S Polunin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olusegun J Ilegbusi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Leonid I Trakhtenberg
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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15
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Sisman O, Zappa D, Maraloiu VA, Comini E. Fabrication of CuO ( p)-ZnO ( n) Core-Shell Nanowires and Their H2-Sensing Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4802. [PMID: 37445116 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the conventional one-dimensional (1D) core-shell nanowires (NWs) composed of p-type shells and n-type cores, in this work, an inverse design is proposed by depositing n-type ZnO (shell) layers on the surface of p-type CuO (core) NWs, to have a comprehensive understanding of their conductometric gas-sensing kinetics. The surface morphologies of bare and core-shell NWs were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The ZnO shell layer was presented by overlay images taken by electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The pronounced crystalline plane peaks of ZnO were recorded in the compared glancing incident X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) spectra of CuO and CuO-ZnO core-shell NWs. The ZnO shell layers broaden the absorption curve of CuO NWs in the UV-vis absorption spectra. As a result of the heterostructure formation, the intrinsic p-type sensing behavior of CuO NWs towards 250 and 500 ppm of hydrogen (H2) switched to n-type due to the deposition of ZnO shell layers, at 400 °C in dry airflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Sisman
- Department of Functional Materials, FunGlass Center, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, 91150 Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Dario Zappa
- Sensor Laboratory, Department of Information Engineering (DII), University of Brescia, Via Valotti 7, 25123 Bresica, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Comini
- Sensor Laboratory, Department of Information Engineering (DII), University of Brescia, Via Valotti 7, 25123 Bresica, Italy
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16
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Yang J, Yang L, Cao S, Yang J, Yan C, Zhang L, Huang Q, Zhao J. High-performance metal-oxide gas sensors based on hierarchical core-shell ZnFe 2O 4 microspheres for detecting 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [PMID: 37326453 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mustard gas, an erosive chemical agent, is primarily used as a chemical weapon, which seriously threatens human life and health. Therefore, detecting mustard gas and its simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES), is a very important task. As a binary metal oxide with a spinel structure, ZnFe2O4 is widely used for fabricating gas sensors because of its stable chemical structure and abundant oxygen vacancies. In this study, gas-sensing ZnFe2O4 microspheres with a hierarchical core-shell nanosheet structure were prepared via a simple one-step solvothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption analyses were performed to characterize the morphology, structure, and chemical composition of these microspheres. A gas sensor was fabricated from the as-synthesized material, and its gas sensing performance was evaluated, using 2-CEES as a target gas. The obtained ZnFe2O4-based sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 9.07 to 1 ppm 2-CEES at the optimal working temperature of 250 °C. The sensor response and recovery times were 18 and 546 s, respectively, and its detection sensitivity of 2.87 achieved at a 2-CEES concentration of 0.01 ppm was within an acceptable range. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated sufficiently high 2-CEES selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, 100000, Beijing, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, 100000, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, 100000, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, 100000, Beijing, China.
| | - Cancan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, 100000, Beijing, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, 100000, Beijing, China.
| | - Qibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, 100000, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, 100000, Beijing, China.
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17
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Luan S, Hu J, Ma M, Tian J, Liu D, Wang J, Wang J. The enhanced sensing properties of MOS-based resistive gas sensors by Au functionalization: a review. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37312618 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01078c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors are essential for detecting toxic gases that can harm social life or industrial production. Traditional metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based sensors suffer from shortcomings such as high operating temperature and slow response time, which limits their detection capabilities. Thus, there is a need to improve their performance. One useful technique is noble metal functionalization, which can effectively enhance the response/recovery time, sensitivity and selectivity, sensing response, and optimum operating temperature of MOS gas sensors. Among the noble metals, Au NPs are considered a promising material for forming composite sensing materials to achieve better sensing performance. This paper aims to review and discuss the recent research on Au-decorated MOS-based sensors, including Au/n-type MOS-based sensors, Au/p-type MOS-based sensors, Au/MOS/carbon composite materials, and Au/MOS/perovskite composite materials. The sensing mechanism of Au-functionalized MOS-based materials will also be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Luan
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinhu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China.
| | - Mingliang Ma
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiale Tian
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China.
| | - Di Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianyi Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China.
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18
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Yang Y, Mao J, Yin D, Zhang T, Liu C, Hao W, Wang Y, Hao J. Synergy of S-vacancy and heterostructure in BiOCl/Bi 2S 3-x boosting room-temperature NO 2 sensing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131591. [PMID: 37172379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The special physicochemical properties of Bi2S3 nanomaterial endow it to be exceptional NO2 sensing properties. However, sensors based on pure Bi2S3 cannot detect trace NO2 at room temperature effectively due to the scanty active sites and poor charge transfer efficiency. Herein, vacancy defect and heterostructure engineering are rationally integrated to explore BiOCl/Bi2S3-x heterostructure with rich S vacancies to enhance NO2 sensing performance. The optimized sensor based on S-vacancy-rich BiOCl/Bi2S3-x heterostructure exhibited a high response value (Rg/Ra = 29.1) to 1 ppm NO2 at room temperature, which was about 17 times compared to the pristine Bi2S3. Meanwhile, the BiOCl/Bi2S3-x sensor also exhibited a short response time (36 s) towards 1 ppm NO2 and a low theoretical detection limit (2 ppb). The superior response value of S-vacancy-rich BiOCl/Bi2S3-x heterostructures was ascribed to the improved electron migration at the heterointerface and the additional exposed active sites caused by the S vacancies in Bi2S3-x. Additionally, the sensors based on S-vacancy-rich BiOCl/Bi2S3-x heterostructures showed good long-term stability, outstanding selectivity, and good flexibility. This study offers an effective method for synergistically engineering defect and heterostructure to enhance gas sensing properties at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; The 49th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Junpeng Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dongmin Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chengli Liu
- The 49th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Weixun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Coal-fired Utility Boilers, Harbin Boiler Company Limited, Harbin 150046, China
| | - You Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Juanyuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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19
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Tladi BC, Kroon RE, Swart HC, Motaung DE. A holistic review on the recent trends, advances, and challenges for high-precision room temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1253:341033. [PMID: 36965988 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is mainly composed of hydrocarbons, such as propane and butane, is a flammable gas that is considered a clean source of energy. Currently, the overwhelming use of LPG as fuel in vehicles, domestic settings, and industry has led to several incidents and deaths globally due to leakage. As a result, the appropriate detection of LPG is vital; thus, gas-sensing devices that can monitor this gas rapidly and accurately at room temperature, are required. This work reviews the current advances in LPG gas sensors, which operate at room temperature. The influences of the synthesis methods and parameters, doping, and use of catalysts on the sensing performance are discussed. The formation of heterostructures made from semiconducting metal oxides, polymers, and graphene-based materials, which enhance the sensor selectivity and sensitivity, is also discussed. The future trends and challenges confronted in the advancement of LPG room temperature operational gas sensors, and critical ideas concerning the future evolution of LPG gas sensors, are deliberated. Additionally, the advancements in the next-generation gas sensors, such as the wireless detection of LPG leakage, self-powered sensors driven by triboelectric/piezoelectric mechanisms, and artificial intelligent systems are also reviewed. This review further focuses on the use of smartphones to circumvent the use of costly instruments and paves the way for cost-efficient and portable monitoring of LPG. Finally, the approach of utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) to detect/monitor the leakage of LPG has also been discussed, which will provide better alerts to the users and thus minimize the effects of leakages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Tladi
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - R E Kroon
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa.
| | - H C Swart
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa.
| | - D E Motaung
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa.
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20
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Kumarage GWC, Hakkoum H, Comini E. Recent Advancements in TiO 2 Nanostructures: Sustainable Synthesis and Gas Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1424. [PMID: 37111009 PMCID: PMC10147078 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The search for sustainable technology-driven advancements in material synthesis is a new norm, which ensures a low impact on the environment, production cost, and workers' health. In this context, non-toxic, non-hazardous, and low-cost materials and their synthesis methods are integrated to compete with existing physical and chemical methods. From this perspective, titanium oxide (TiO2) is one of the fascinating materials because of its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and potential of growing by sustainable methods. Accordingly, TiO2 is extensively used in gas-sensing devices. Yet, many TiO2 nanostructures are still synthesized with a lack of mindfulness of environmental impact and sustainable methods, which results in a serious burden on practical commercialization. This review provides a general outline of the advantages and disadvantages of conventional and sustainable methods of TiO2 preparation. Additionally, a detailed discussion on sustainable growth methods for green synthesis is included. Furthermore, gas-sensing applications and approaches to improve the key functionality of sensors, including response time, recovery time, repeatability, and stability, are discussed in detail in the latter parts of the review. At the end, a concluding discussion is included to provide guidelines for the selection of sustainable synthesis methods and techniques to improve the gas-sensing properties of TiO2.
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21
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Mańkowska E, Mazur M, Domaradzki J, Mazur P, Kot M, Flege JI. Hydrogen Gas Sensing Properties of Mixed Copper-Titanium Oxide Thin Films. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3822. [PMID: 37112164 PMCID: PMC10144612 DOI: 10.3390/s23083822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is an efficient source of clean and environmentally friendly energy. However, because it is explosive at concentrations higher than 4%, safety issues are a great concern. As its applications are extended, the need for the production of reliable monitoring systems is urgent. In this work, mixed copper-titanium oxide ((CuTi)Ox) thin films with various copper concentrations (0-100 at.%), deposited by magnetron sputtering and annealed at 473 K, were investigated as a prospective hydrogen gas sensing material. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to determine the morphology of the thin films. Their structure and chemical composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The prepared films were nanocrystalline mixtures of metallic copper, cuprous oxide, and titanium anatase in the bulk, whereas at the surface only cupric oxide was found. In comparison to the literature, the (CuTi)Ox thin films already showed a sensor response to hydrogen at a relatively low operating temperature of 473 K without using any extra catalyst. The best sensor response and sensitivity to hydrogen gas were found in the mixed copper-titanium oxides containing similar atomic concentrations of both metals, i.e., 41/59 and 56/44 of Cu/Ti. Most probably, this effect is related to their similar morphology and to the simultaneous presence of Cu and Cu2O crystals in these mixed oxide films. In particular, the studies of surface oxidation state revealed that it was the same for all annealed films and consisted only of CuO. However, in view of their crystalline structure, they consisted of Cu and Cu2O nanocrystals in the thin film volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mańkowska
- Faculty of Electronic, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Mazur
- Faculty of Electronic, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Domaradzki
- Faculty of Electronic, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Mazur
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wrocław, Max Born 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kot
- Applied Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Jan Ingo Flege
- Applied Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
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22
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Paghi A, Mariani S, Barillaro G. 1D and 2D Field Effect Transistors in Gas Sensing: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206100. [PMID: 36703509 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in the synthesis and fundamental understanding of 1D and 2D materials have solicited the incorporation of these nanomaterials into sensor architectures, especially field effect transistors (FETs), for the monitoring of gas and vapor in environmental, food quality, and healthcare applications. Yet, several challenges have remained unaddressed toward the fabrication of 1D and 2D FET gas sensors for real-field applications, which are related to properties, synthesis, and integration of 1D and 2D materials into the transistor architecture. This review paper encompasses the whole assortment of 1D-i.e., metal oxide semiconductors (MOXs), silicon nanowires (SiNWs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-and 2D-i.e., graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), phosphorene-materials used in FET gas sensors, critically dissecting how the material synthesis, surface functionalization, and transistor fabrication impact on electrical versus sensing properties of these devices. Eventually, pros and cons of 1D and 2D FETs for gas and vapor sensing applications are discussed, pointing out weakness and highlighting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paghi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
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23
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Yi S, Shi W, Yang X, Yao Z. Engineering sensitive gas sensor based on MOF-derived hollow metal-oxide semiconductor heterostructures. Talanta 2023; 258:124442. [PMID: 36940575 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived hollow heterostructured metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are a class of functional porous materials exhibiting distinctive physiochemical properties. Owing to the unique advantages, including large specific surface, high intrinsic catalytic performance, abundant channels for facilitating electron transfer and mass transport, and strong synergistic effect between different components, MOF-derived hollow MOSs heterostructures can work as promising candidates for gas sensing, which have thus attracted increasing attention. Aiming to provide a deep understanding on the design strategy and MOSs heterostructure, this review presents a comprehensive overview on the advantages and applications of MOF-derived hollow MOSs heterostructures when they used n for the detection of toxic gases. In addition, a deep discussion about the perspective and challenge of this interesting field is also well organized, hoping to provide guidance for the future design and development of more accurate gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Yi
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Material, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Material, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Material, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, PR China.
| | - Zufu Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, PR China.
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24
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Haidry AA, Fatima Q, Wang Z, Wang Y, Ji Y, Raza A. Optimization of the specific surface area of ordered mesoporous TiO2 yields a high response to humidity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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25
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AAO-Assisted Nanoporous Platinum Films for Hydrogen Sensor Application. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the porosity and the thickness on the ability of hydrogen sensing is demonstrated through a comparison of compact and nanoporous platinum film sensors. The synthesis of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotubes with an average pore diameter of less than 100 nm served as the template for the fabrication of nanoporous Pt films using an anodization method. This was achieved by applying a voltage of 40 V in 0.4 M of a phosphoric acid solution at 20 °C. To compare the film and nanoporous Pt, layers of approximately 3 nm and 20 nm were coated on both glass substrates and AAO templates using a sputtering technique. FESEM images monitored the formation of nanoporosity by observing the Pt layers covering the upper edges of the AAO nanotubes. Despite their low thickness and the poor long-range order, the EDX and XRD measurements confirmed and uncovered the crystalline properties of the Pt films by comparing the bare and the Pt deposited AAO templates. The nanoporous Pt and Pt thin film sensors were tested in the hydrogen concentration range between 10–50,000 ppm H2 at room temperature, 50 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C. The results reveal that nanoporous Pt performed higher sensitivity than the Pt thin film and the surface scattering phenomenon can express the hydrogen sensing mechanism of the Pt sensors.
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Aliotta C, Costa M, Liotta LF, La Parola V, Magnacca G, Deganello F. Peculiar Properties of the La 0.25Ba 0.25Sr 0.5Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3-δ Perovskite as Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst. Molecules 2023; 28:1621. [PMID: 36838609 PMCID: PMC9965584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of molecular oxygen is a fundamental process in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and requires high efficiency cathode materials. Two La0.25Ba0.25Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ-based perovskite compounds were prepared by solution combustion synthesis, and characterized for their structural, microstructural, surface, redox and electrochemical properties as potential cathodes in comparison with Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ and La0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ perovskites. Results highlighted that calcination at 900 °C led to a "bi-perovskite heterostructure", where two different perovskite structures coexist, whereas at higher calcination temperatures a single-phase perovskite was formed. The results showed the effectiveness of the preparation procedures in co-doping the A-site of perovskites with barium and lanthanum as a strategy to optimize the cathode's properties. The formation of nanometric heterostructure co-doped in the A-site evidenced an improvement in oxygen vacancies' availability and in the redox properties, which promoted both processes: oxygen adsorption and oxygen ions drift, through the cathode material, to the electrolyte. A reduction in the total resistance was observed in the case of heterostructured material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Aliotta
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Costa
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Leonarda Francesca Liotta
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria La Parola
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Magnacca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Deganello
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Nath N, Kumar A, Chakroborty S, Soren S, Barik A, Pal K, de Souza FG. Carbon Nanostructure Embedded Novel Sensor Implementation for Detection of Aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds: An Organized Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4436-4452. [PMID: 36777592 PMCID: PMC9909795 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For field-like environmental gas monitoring and noninvasive illness diagnostics, effective sensing materials with exceptional sensing capabilities of sensitive, quick detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are required. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs), like CNTs, graphene, carbon dots (Cdots), and others, have recently drawn a lot of interest for their future application as an elevated-performance sensor for the detection of VOCs. CNMs have a greater potential for developing selective sensors that target VOCs due to their tunable chemical and surface properties. Additionally, the mechanical versatility of CNMs enables the development of novel gas sensors and places them ahead of other sensing materials for wearable applications. An overview of the latest advancements in the study of CNM-based sensors is given in this comprehensive organized review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Nath
- Department
of Chemistry, D.S. Degree College, Laida, Sambalpur, Odisha 768214, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Electrical
and Electronics Engineering Department, IES College of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462044, India
| | - Subhendu Chakroborty
- Department
of Basic Sciences, IITM, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462044, India
| | - Siba Soren
- Department
of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha 753003, India
| | - Arundhati Barik
- Rama
Devi Women’s University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751007, India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- University
Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Fernando Gomes de Souza
- Instituto
de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade
Universitária, Universidade Federal
de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
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28
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Singh A, Yadav BC. Green synthesized ZnO/NiO heterostructures based quick responsive LPG sensor for the detection of below LEL with DFT calculations. RESULTS IN SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rsurfi.2023.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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29
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Ikim MI, Gerasimov GN, Gromov VF, Ilegbusi OJ, Trakhtenberg LI. Synthesis, Structural and Sensor Properties of Nanosized Mixed Oxides Based on In 2O 3 Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021570. [PMID: 36675093 PMCID: PMC9863344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper considers the relationship between the structure and properties of nanostructured conductometric sensors based on binary mixtures of semiconductor oxides designed to detect reducing gases in the environment. The sensor effect in such systems is determined by the chemisorption of molecules on the surface of catalytically active particles and the transfer of chemisorbed products to electron-rich nanoparticles, where these products react with the analyzed gas. In this regard, the role is evaluated of the method of synthesizing the composites, the catalytic activity of metal oxides (CeO2, SnO2, ZnO), and the type of conductivity of metal oxides (Co3O4, ZrO2) in the sensor process. The effect of oxygen vacancies present in the composites on the performance characteristics is also considered. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the synthesis procedure for preparing sensitive layers based on CeO2-In2O3 on the structure of the resulting composites, as well as their conductive and sensor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya I. Ikim
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Genrikh N. Gerasimov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir F. Gromov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olusegun J. Ilegbusi
- Biomedical and Process Modeling Lab, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Leonid I. Trakhtenberg
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence:
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30
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Freddi S, Vergari M, Pagliara S, Sangaletti L. A Chemiresistor Sensor Array Based on Graphene Nanostructures: From the Detection of Ammonia and Possible Interfering VOCs to Chemometric Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:882. [PMID: 36679682 PMCID: PMC9862857 DOI: 10.3390/s23020882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sensor arrays are currently attracting the interest of researchers due to their potential of overcoming the limitations of single sensors regarding selectivity, required by specific applications. Among the materials used to develop sensor arrays, graphene has not been so far extensively exploited, despite its remarkable sensing capability. Here we present the development of a graphene-based sensor array prepared by dropcasting nanostructure and nanocomposite graphene solution on interdigitated substrates, with the aim to investigate the capability of the array to discriminate several gases related to specific applications, including environmental monitoring, food quality tracking, and breathomics. This goal is achieved in two steps: at first the sensing properties of the array have been assessed through ammonia exposures, drawing the calibration curves, estimating the limit of detection, which has been found in the ppb range for all sensors, and investigating stability and sensitivity; then, after performing exposures to acetone, ethanol, 2-propanol, sodium hypochlorite, and water vapour, chemometric tools have been exploited to investigate the discrimination capability of the array, including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and Mahalanobis distance. PCA shows that the array was able to discriminate all the tested gases with an explained variance around 95%, while with an LDA approach the array can be trained to accurately recognize unknown gas contribution, with an accuracy higher than 94%.
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Almaev AV, Kopyev VV, Novikov VA, Chikiryaka AV, Yakovlev NN, Usseinov AB, Karipbayev ZT, Akilbekov AT, Koishybayeva ZK, Popov AI. ITO Thin Films for Low-Resistance Gas Sensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:342. [PMID: 36614681 PMCID: PMC9822304 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on ceramic aluminum nitride substrates and were annealed at temperatures of 500 °C and 600 °C. The structural, optical, electrically conductive and gas-sensitive properties of indium tin oxide thin films were studied. The possibility of developing sensors with low nominal resistance and relatively high sensitivity to gases was shown. The resistance of indium tin oxide thin films annealed at 500 °C in pure dry air did not exceed 350 Ohms and dropped by about 2 times when increasing the annealing temperature to 100 °C. Indium tin oxide thin films annealed at 500 °C were characterized by high sensitivity to gases. The maximum responses to 2000 ppm hydrogen, 1000 ppm ammonia and 100 ppm nitrogen dioxide for these films were 2.21 arbitrary units, 2.39 arbitrary units and 2.14 arbitrary units at operating temperatures of 400 °C, 350 °C and 350 °C, respectively. These films were characterized by short response and recovery times. The drift of indium tin oxide thin-film gas-sensitive characteristics during cyclic exposure to reducing gases did not exceed 1%. A qualitative model of the sensory effect is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei V. Almaev
- Research and Development Center for Advanced Technologies in Microelectronics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Fokon LLC, 248035 Kaluga, Russia
| | - Viktor V. Kopyev
- Research and Development Center for Advanced Technologies in Microelectronics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Novikov
- Research and Development Center for Advanced Technologies in Microelectronics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Chikiryaka
- Ioffe Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita N. Yakovlev
- Research and Development Center for Advanced Technologies in Microelectronics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Abay B. Usseinov
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhakyp T. Karipbayev
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Abdirash T. Akilbekov
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanymgul K. Koishybayeva
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Anatoli I. Popov
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
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32
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Meng FJ, Xin RF, Li SX. Metal Oxide Heterostructures for Improving Gas Sensing Properties: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:263. [PMID: 36614603 PMCID: PMC9821827 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors are widely used to detect toxic and inflammable gases in industrial production and daily life. The main research hotspot in this field is the synthesis of gas sensing materials. Previous studies have shown that incorporating two or more metal oxides to form a heterojunction interface can exhibit superior gas sensing performance in response and selectivity compared with single phase. This review focuses on mainly the synthesis methods and gas sensing mechanisms of metal oxide heterostructures. A significant number of heterostructures with different morphologies and shapes have been fabricated, which exhibit specific sensing performance toward a specific target gas. Among these synthesis methods, the hydrothermal method is noteworthy due to the fabrication of diverse structures, such as nanorod-like, nanoflower-like, and hollow sphere structures with enhanced sensing properties. In addition, it should be noted that the combination of different synthesis methods is also an efficient way to obtain metal oxide heterostructures with novel morphologies. Despite advanced methods in the metal oxide semiconductors and nanotechnology field, there are still some new issues which deserve further investigation, such as long-term chemical stability of sensing materials, reproducibility of the fabrication process, and selectivity toward homogeneous gases. Moreover, the gas sensing mechanism of metal oxide heterostructures is controversial. It should be clarified so as to further integrate laboratory theory research with practical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Jian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui-Feng Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shan-Xin Li
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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33
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Dutta P, Gupta G. Environmental gas sensors based on electroactive hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites using nanostructured materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:28680-28699. [PMID: 36416590 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced gas sensing devices are urgently demanded in the modern scientific world to control air pollution and protect human life. For this purpose, semiconducting electroactive materials can revolutionize the idea of conventional gas sensors. Chemi-resistive gas sensors based on electroactive hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites are incredibly promising gas sensing materials because they possess the advantages of excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, low response time, repeatability, high stability, cost-effectiveness, and simple fabrication techniques, and they can be operated at room temperature. This review emphasizes the recent developments of organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite-based electroactive gas sensors, including metal oxide nanocomposites, which are potential gas sensing materials due to the presence of numerous charge carriers. The review also focuses on nanostructured materials of different dimensions, such as semiconducting quantum dots, carbon dots, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanosheets, used for developing these gas sensing compounds and their significance and challenges. Some possible fabrication techniques for developing efficient gas sensors with different morphologies are discussed, with their probable sensing mechanism behind the detection of toxic vapours. Subsequently, a summary and possible outcome of this study, along with the various achievements and prospects in this field, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dutta
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Govind Gupta
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
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34
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Ou LX, Liu MY, Zhu LY, Zhang DW, Lu HL. Recent Progress on Flexible Room-Temperature Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:206. [PMID: 36271065 PMCID: PMC9587164 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, there is a great demand for portable gas sensors. Metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) are one of the most traditional and well-studied gas sensing materials and have been widely used to prepare various commercial gas sensors. However, it is limited by high operating temperature. The current research works are directed towards fabricating high-performance flexible room-temperature (FRT) gas sensors, which are effective in simplifying the structure of MOS-based sensors, reducing power consumption, and expanding the application of portable devices. This article presents the recent research progress of MOS-based FRT gas sensors in terms of sensing mechanism, performance, flexibility characteristics, and applications. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses five types of MOS-based FRT gas sensors, including pristine MOS, noble metal nanoparticles modified MOS, organic polymers modified MOS, carbon-based materials (carbon nanotubes and graphene derivatives) modified MOS, and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides materials modified MOS. The effect of light-illuminated to improve gas sensing performance is further discussed. Furthermore, the applications and future perspectives of FRT gas sensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang-Xi Ou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics &Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics &Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics &Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics &Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics &Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Liu Y, Li S, Xiao S, Du K. Down to ppb level NO2 detection by vertically MoS2 nanoflakes grown on In2O3 microtubes at room temperature. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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He H, Liu J, Liu H, Pan Q, Zhang G. The development of high-performance room temperature NOX one-dimensional Na0.23TiO2/TiO2 compound gas sensor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Jabeen S, Iqbal J, Feighan J. CuO induced effects on the electrochemical properties of (In2O3)1-xCuOx nanocomposites for supercapacitor flexible electrode materials. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Liu L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang S, Li T, Feng S, Qin S, Zhang T. Heteronanostructural metal oxide-based gas microsensors. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:85. [PMID: 35911378 PMCID: PMC9329395 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance, portable and miniaturized gas sensors has aroused increasing interest in the fields of environmental monitoring, security, medical diagnosis, and agriculture. Among different detection tools, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based chemiresistive gas sensors are the most popular choice in commercial applications and have the advantages of high stability, low cost, and high sensitivity. One of the most important ways to further enhance the sensor performance is to construct MOS-based nanoscale heterojunctions (heteronanostructural MOSs) from MOS nanomaterials. However, the sensing mechanism of heteronanostructural MOS-based sensors is different from that of single MOS-based gas sensors in that it is fairly complex. The performance of the sensors is influenced by various parameters, including the physical and chemical properties of the sensing materials (e.g., grain size, density of defects, and oxygen vacancies of materials), working temperatures, and device structures. This review introduces several concepts in the design of high-performance gas sensors by analyzing the sensing mechanism of heteronanostructural MOS-based sensors. In addition, the influence of the geometric device structure determined by the interconnection between the sensing materials and the working electrodes is discussed. To systematically investigate the sensing behavior of the sensor, the general sensing mechanism of three typical types of geometric device structures based on different heteronanostructural materials are introduced and discussed in this review. This review will provide guidelines for readers studying the sensing mechanism of gas sensors and designing high-performance gas sensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu China
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yinhang Liu
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu China
- Department of Nano Science and Nano Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Tie Li
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Simin Feng
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Sujie Qin
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Ting Zhang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu China
- Nano-X, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui PR China
- Gusu Laboratory of Materials, Suzhou, Jiangsu PR China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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39
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Gao Y, Kong D, Han J, Zhou W, Gao Y, Wang T, Lu G. Cadmium sulfide in-situ derived heterostructure hybrids with tunable component ratio for highly sensitive and selective detection of ppb-level H 2S. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:332-342. [PMID: 35863192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we reported cadmium sulfide derivatives pine needles-like CdS/CdO heterostructure hybrids synthesized by hydrothermal treatment and subsequent self-template oxidation approach. The component ratio of the CdS/CdO hybrids can be controlled specifically via tuning the annealing treatment protocol, and thereby giving rise to the optimization of morphology, electrical characteristics, and gas sensing properties of derived hybrids. As proof of concept, the pine needles-like CdS/CdO, which obtained after different annealing temperatures and durations, as sensitive material was employed to manufacture H2S gas sensors. The sensor based on CdS/CdO hybrids (400 °C & 1 h) exhibited high sensitivity (73.5 to 5 ppm), ppb-level limit of detection (10 ppb), and excellent selectivity regardless of the interference of other gases at optimal working temperature of 200 °C. Due to the abnormal resistance variation of n-type cadmium sulfide derived hybrids while contacting with H2S, the sensing mechanism mainly depends on the surface chemical conversion from oxide to sulfide. The pine needles-like hierarchical morphology provided an excellent scaffold for the carriers transportation and the growth of the CdO, which played a key role in resistance modulation both in air and target gas, resulting in the enhanced H2S sensing performance ultimately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Gao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
| | - Dehao Kong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
| | - Weirong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China.
| | - Tianshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China.
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
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Heterostructure colloidal crystal for light activated Hydrogen sensing at low temperature. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Lupan O, Santos-Carballal D, Magariu N, Mishra AK, Ababii N, Krüger H, Wolff N, Vahl A, Bodduluri MT, Kohlmann N, Kienle L, Adelung R, de Leeuw NH, Hansen S. Al 2O 3/ZnO Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Volatile Organic Compounds in Safety Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29331-29344. [PMID: 35704838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in harsh environments, especially for safety applications, is a growing field that requires specialized sensor structures. In this work, we demonstrate the sensing properties toward the most common VOCs of columnar Al2O3/ZnO heterolayer-based sensors. We have also developed an approach to tune the sensor selectivity by changing the thickness of the exposed amorphous Al2O3 layer from 5 to 18 nm. Columnar ZnO films are prepared by a chemical solution method, where the exposed surface is decorated with an Al2O3 nanolayer via thermal atomic layer deposition at 75 °C. We have investigated the structure and morphology as well as the vibrational, chemical, electronic, and sensor properties of the Al2O3/ZnO heterostructures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies show that the upper layers consist of amorphous Al2O3 films. The heterostructures showed selectivity to 2-propanol vapors only within the range of 12-15 nm thicknesses of Al2O3, with the highest response value of ∼2000% reported for a thickness of 15 nm at the optimal working temperature of 350 °C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the Al2O3/ZnO(1010) interface and its interaction with 2-propanol (2-C3H7OH), n-butanol (n-C4H9OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), acetone (CH3COCH3), hydrogen (H2), and ammonia (NH3) show that the molecular affinity for the Al2O3/ZnO(1010) interface decreases from 2-propanol (2-C3H7OH) ≈ n-butanol (n-C4H9OH) > ethanol (C2H5OH) > acetone (CH3COCH3) > hydrogen (H2), which is consistent with our gas response experiments for the VOCs. Charge transfers between the surface and the adsorbates, and local densities of states of the interacting atoms, support the calculated strength of the molecular preferences. Our findings are highly important for the development of 2-propanol sensors and to our understanding of the effect of the heterojunction and the thickness of the top nanolayer on the gas response, which thus far have not been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lupan
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Computers, Informatics and Microelectronics, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare str., MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, United States
| | | | - Nicolae Magariu
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Computers, Informatics and Microelectronics, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare str., MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Abhishek Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Nicolai Ababii
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Computers, Informatics and Microelectronics, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare str., MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Helge Krüger
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Wolff
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Synthesis and Real Structure, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Vahl
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mani Teja Bodduluri
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology (ISIT), Itzehoe, Fraunhoferstraße 1, Itzehoe D-25524, Germany
| | - Niklas Kohlmann
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Synthesis and Real Structure, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Synthesis and Real Structure, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hansen
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
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Castonguay AC, Yi N, Li B, Zhao J, Li H, Gao Y, Nova NN, Tiwari N, Zarzar LD, Cheng H. Direct Laser Writing of Microscale Metal Oxide Gas Sensors from Liquid Precursors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28163-28173. [PMID: 35686829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication and processing approaches that facilitate the ease of patterning and the integration of nanomaterials into sensor platforms are of significant utility and interest. In this work, we report the use of laser-induced thermal voxels (LITV) to fabricate microscale, planar gas sensors directly from solutions of metal salts. LITV offers a facile platform to directly integrate nanocrystalline metal oxide and mixed metal oxide materials onto heating platforms, with access to a wide variety of compositions and morphologies including many transition metals and noble metals. The unique patterning and synthesis flexibility of LITV enable the fabrication of chemically and spatially tailorable microscale sensing devices. We investigate the sensing performance of a representative set of n-type and p-type LITV-deposited metal oxides and their mixtures (CuO, NiO, CuO/ZnO, and Fe2O3/Pt) in response to reducing and oxidizing gases (H2S, NO2, NH3, ethanol, and acetone). These materials show a broad range of sensitivities and notably a strong response of NiO to ethanol and acetone (407 and 301% R/R0 at 250 °C, respectively), along with a 5- to 20-fold sensitivity enhancement for CuO/ZnO to all gases measured over pure CuO, highlighting the opportunities of LITV for the creation of mixed-material microscale sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Castonguay
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
| | - Ning Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
| | - Han Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Southeast Institute of China Unicom, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
| | - Nabila N Nova
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
| | - Lauren D Zarzar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 United States
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Akbari-Saatlu M, Procek M, Mattsson C, Thungström G, Törndahl T, Li B, Su J, Xiong W, Radamson HH. Nanometer-Thick ZnO/SnO 2 Heterostructures Grown on Alumina for H 2S Sensing. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:6954-6963. [PMID: 35663417 PMCID: PMC9152767 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Designing heterostructure materials at the nanoscale is a well-known method to enhance gas sensing performance. In this study, a mixed solution of zinc chloride and tin (II) chloride dihydrate, dissolved in ethanol solvent, was used as the initial precursor for depositing the sensing layer on alumina substrates using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. Several ZnO/SnO2 heterostructures were grown by applying different ratios in the initial precursors. These heterostructures were used as active materials for the sensing of H2S gas molecules. The results revealed that an increase in the zinc chloride in the USP precursor alters the H2S sensitivity of the sensor. The optimal working temperature was found to be 450 °C. The sensor, containing 5:1 (ZnCl2: SnCl2·2H2O) ratio in the USP precursor, demonstrates a higher response than the pure SnO2 (∼95 times) sample and other heterostructures. Later, the selectivity of the ZnO/SnO2 heterostructures toward 5 ppm NO2, 200 ppm methanol, and 100 ppm of CH4, acetone, and ethanol was also examined. The gas sensing mechanism of the ZnO/SnO2 was analyzed and the remarkably enhanced gas-sensing performance was mainly attributed to the heterostructure formation between ZnO and SnO2. The synthesized materials were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectra to investigate the material distribution, grain size, and material quality of ZnO/SnO2 heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Akbari-Saatlu
- Department
of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall SE-85170, Sweden
- ,
| | - Marcin Procek
- Department
of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall SE-85170, Sweden
- Department
of Optoelectronics, Silesian University
of Technology, 2 Krzywoustego
Street, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Claes Mattsson
- Department
of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall SE-85170, Sweden
| | - Göran Thungström
- Department
of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall SE-85170, Sweden
| | - Tobias Törndahl
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box
35, Uppsala SE-75103, Sweden
| | - Ben Li
- Guangdong
Greater Bay Area Institute of Integrated Circuit and System, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Jiale Su
- Guangdong
Greater Bay Area Institute of Integrated Circuit and System, Guangzhou 510535, China
- Key
Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Xiong
- Key
Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Henry H. Radamson
- Department
of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall SE-85170, Sweden
- Guangdong
Greater Bay Area Institute of Integrated Circuit and System, Guangzhou 510535, China
- Key
Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Constantoudis V, Ioannou-Sougleridis I, Dimou A, Ninou A, Chatzichristidi M, Makarona E. A symmetry-based approach to the characterization of complex surface morphologies: Application in CuO and NiO nanostructures. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Feng Y, Yang W, Li Y, Shen H. The effect of near-surface electron trapping layer on the acetone sensing performance of black TiO 2capped with ZnO. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:275712. [PMID: 35245909 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5aea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, high-performance acetone gas sensors have attracted great attention for their potential in noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. In this work, black TiO2(B-TiO2) was introduced as an electron trapping layer between TiO2and ZnO to form TiO2@B-TiO2@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles, through a simple and safe method. The acetone sensing performance of TiO2@B-TiO2@ZnO varied with the thickness of ZnO. Because of the electron trapping effect of the introduced B-TiO2layer, the best performing sample exhibited a low optimal operating temperature of 275 °C and a high response of 49.25-50 ppm acetone. In addition, a low detection limit of 170 ppb was obtained. The pretty selectivity of the sample was also been proved. The mechanism of enhanced acetone response was explained by the energy band-based model of TiO2@B-TiO2@ZnO core-shell nanoparticle and depletion layer theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Feng
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyang Yang
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Li
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglie Shen
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
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46
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Selective multiple analyte detection using multi-mode excitation of a MEMS resonator. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5297. [PMID: 35351950 PMCID: PMC8964735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports highly selective multiple analyte detection by exploiting two different mechanisms; absorption and thermal conductivity using a single MEMS device. To illustrate the concept, we utilize a resonator composed of a clamped-guided arch beam connected to a flexural beam and a T-shaped moveable mass. A finite element model is used to study the mode shapes and mechanical behavior of the device with good agreement reported with the experimental data. The resonator displays two distinct out-of-plane modes of vibration. For humidity detection, we utilize physisorption by functionalizing the surface with graphene oxide (GO), which has strong affinity toward water vapors. The GO solution is prepared and drop-casted over the mass surface using an inkjet printer. On the other hand, cooling the heated flexural beams is used for helium (He) detection (thermal-conductivity-based sensor). The sensor characteristics are extensively studied when the modes are individually and simultaneously actuated. Results affirm the successful utilization of each mode for selective detection of relative humidity and He. This novel mode-dependent selective detection of multiple analytes can be a promising building block for the development of miniature, low-powered, and selective smart sensors for modern portable electronic devices.
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Abstract
Low melting point metals and alloys are the group of materials that combine metallic and liquid properties, simultaneously. The fascinating characteristics of liquid metals (LMs) including softness and high electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as their unique interfacial chemistry, have started to dominate various research disciplines. Utilization of LMs as responsive interfaces, enabling sensing in a flexible and versatile manner, is one of the most promising traits demonstrated for LMs. In the context of LMs-enabled sensors, gallium (Ga) and its alloys have emerged as multipurpose functional materials with many compelling physical and chemical properties. Responsiveness to different stimuli and easy-to-functionalize interfaces of Ga-based LMs make them ideal candidates for a variety of sensing applications. However, despite the vast capabilities of Ga-based LMs in sensing, applications of these materials for developing different sensors have not been fully explored. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding the applications of Ga-based LMs in a wide range of sensing approaches that cover different physical and chemical sensors. The unique features of Ga-based LMs, which make them promising materials for sensing, are discussed in subsections followed by relevant case studies. Finally, challenges as well as the prospected future and developing motifs are highlighted for each type of LM-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Baharfar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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48
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Jońca J, Pawnuk M, Arsen A, Sówka I. Electronic Noses and Their Applications for Sensory and Analytical Measurements in the Waste Management Plants-A Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041510. [PMID: 35214407 PMCID: PMC8877425 DOI: 10.3390/s22041510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Waste management plants are one of the most important sources of odorants that may cause odor nuisance. The monitoring of processes involved in the waste treatment and disposal as well as the assessment of odor impact in the vicinity of this type of facilities require two different but complementary approaches: analytical and sensory. The purpose of this work is to present these two approaches. Among sensory techniques dynamic and field olfactometry are considered, whereas analytical methodologies are represented by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), single gas sensors and electronic noses (EN). The latter are the core of this paper and are discussed in details. Since the design of multi-sensor arrays and the development of machine learning algorithms are the most challenging parts of the EN construction a special attention is given to the recent advancements in the sensitive layers development and current challenges in data processing. The review takes also into account relatively new EN systems based on mass spectrometry and flash gas chromatography technologies. Numerous examples of applications of the EN devices to the sensory and analytical measurements in the waste management plants are given in order to summarize efforts of scientists on development of these instruments for constant monitoring of chosen waste treatment processes (composting, anaerobic digestion, biofiltration) and assessment of odor nuisance associated with these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jońca
- Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcin Pawnuk
- Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Adalbert Arsen
- calval.pl sp. z o.o., Emili Plater 7F/8, 65-395 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Izabela Sówka
- Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (J.J.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-25-60
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Xie D, Zhang F, Dai G, Mao Z, Yu K, Qu F. Enhanced acetic acid sensing of MOF-derived α-Fe 2O 3/ZrO 2 arising from phase junction and defects. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of phase junction, heterojunction and defects allows α-Fe2O3/ZrO2 to display an significant response towards acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province and Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province and Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Dai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Mao
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province and Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province and Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P. R. China
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50
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Fabrication of Graphene/Zinc Oxide Nano-Heterostructure for Hydrogen Sensing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226943. [PMID: 34832345 PMCID: PMC8623918 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) were used as reactive gases, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used to grow single-layer graphene on a copper foil substrate. The single-layer graphene obtained was transferred to a single-crystal silicon substrate by PMMA transfer technology for the subsequent growth of nano zinc oxide. The characteristics of CVD-deposited graphene were analyzed by a Raman spectrometer, an optical microscope, a four-point probe, and an ultraviolet/visible spectrometer. The sol-gel method was applied to prepare the zinc oxide seed layer film with the spin-coating method, with methanol, zinc acetate, and sodium hydroxide as the precursors for growing ZnO nanostructures. On top of the ZnO seed layer, a one-dimensional zinc oxide nanostructure was grown by a hydrothermal method at 95 °C, using a zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine mixture solution. The characteristics of the nano zinc oxide were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM),x-ray diffractometer(XRD), and Raman spectrometer. The obtained graphene/zinc oxide nano-heterostructure sensor has a sensitivity of 1.06 at a sensing temperature of 205 °C and a concentration of hydrogen as low as 5 ppm, with excellent sensing repeatability. The main reason for this is that the zinc oxide nanostructure has a large specific surface area, and many oxygen vacancy defects exist on its surface. In addition, the P-N heterojunction formed between the n-type zinc oxide and the p-type graphene also contributes to hydrogen sensing.
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