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Orzel D, Ravald H, Dillon A, Rantala J, Wiedmer SK, Russo G. Immobilised artificial membrane liquid chromatography vs liposome electrokinetic capillary chromatography: Suitability in drug/bio membrane partitioning studies and effectiveness in the assessment of the passage of drugs through the respiratory mucosa. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1734:465286. [PMID: 39191185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This study pioneers a comparison of the application of biomimetic techniques, immobilised artificial membrane liquid chromatography (IAM LC) and liposome electrokinetic capillary chromatography (LEKC), for the prediction of pulmonary drug permeability. The pulmonary absorption profiles of 26 structurally unrelated drug-like molecules were evaluated using their IAM hydrophobicity index (CHI IAM) measured in IAM LC, and the logarithm of distribution constants (log KLEKC) derived from the LEKC experiments. Lipophilicity (phospholipids) parameters obtained from IAM LC and most LEKC analyses were linearly related to the n-octanol/water partitioning coefficients of the neutral forms (i.e., log Po/w values) to a moderate extent. However, the relationship with distribution coefficients at the experimental pH (7.4) (i.e., log D7.4) were weaker overall for IAM LC data and sigmoidal for some liposome compositions (phosphatidyl choline (PC): phosphatidyl inositol (PI) 85:15 mol% and 90:10 mol%) and concentrations (4 mM) in LEKC. This suggests that phospholipid partitioning supports both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions occurring between ionised drugs and charged phospholipid moieties. The latter interactions are original when compared to those taking place in the more established n-octanol/water partitioning systems. A stronger correlation (R2 > 0.65) was identified between the LEKC retention parameters, and the experimental apparent lung permeability (i.e., log Papp values) as opposed to the values obtained by IAM LC. Therefore, LEKC offers unprecedented advantages over IAM LC in simulating cell membrane partitioning processes in the pulmonary delivery of drugs. Although LEKC has the advantage of more effectively simulating the electrostatic and hydrophobic forces in drug/pulmonary membrane interactions in vitro, the technique is unsuitable for analysing highly hydrophilic neutral or anionic compounds at the experimental pH. Conversely, IAM LC is useful for analysing compounds spanning a wider range of lipophilicity. Its simpler and more robust implementation, and propensity for high-throughput automation make it a favourable choice for researchers in drug development and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Orzel
- Centre of Biomedicine and Global Health, School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Ct, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Henri Ravald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P. O. Box 55 00014, Finland
| | - Amy Dillon
- Centre of Biomedicine and Global Health, School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Ct, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Rantala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P. O. Box 55 00014, Finland
| | - Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P. O. Box 55 00014, Finland.
| | - Giacomo Russo
- Centre of Biomedicine and Global Health, School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Ct, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom.
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Ahmed T, Islam MN, Monalisa R, Ehsan F, Huang SW. Polysaccharides polymers for glaucoma treatment-a review. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:338-356. [PMID: 37231538 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231178057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in preventing glaucoma progression is patient compliance with medication regimens. Since conventional ophthalmic dosage forms have numerous limitations, researchers have been intensively working on developing polymers-based delivery systems for glaucoma drugs. Specifically, research and development efforts have increased using polysaccharide polymers such as sodium alginate, cellulose, β-cyclodextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, pectin, gellan gum, galactomannans for sustained release to the eye to overcome treatment challenges, showing promise in improving drug release and delivery, patient experience, and treatment compliance. In the recent past, multiple research groups have successfully designed sustained drug delivery systems, promoting the efficacy as well as the feasibility of glaucoma drugs with single/combinations of polysaccharides to eliminate the drawbacks associated with the glaucoma treatment. Naturally available polysaccharides, when used as drug vehicles can increase the retention time of eye drops on the ocular surface, leading to improved drug absorption and bioavailability. Additionally, some polysaccharides can form gels or matrices that can release drugs slowly over time, providing sustained drug delivery and reducing the need for frequent dosing. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical studies of polysaccharide polymers applied for glaucoma treatment along with their therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Food Engineering & Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Deaprtment of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rina Monalisa
- Deaprtment of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Feroz Ehsan
- Department of Medicine, Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Schena T, von Mühlen C. Chromatographic speed classification for liquid chromatography using average theoretical peak time (ATPT). Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342092. [PMID: 38182344 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of analytical techniques in the field of liquid chromatography has brought new frontiers in performance and analytical speed for the technique. The proper evaluation of the analytical boundaries achieved with those developments was not addressed in the literature, since different liquid chromatography (LC) techniques have not yet received any classification regarding their chromatographic speed. Defining chromatographic analysis speed based simply on analysis time is an outdated concept since it is sample and analyte-dependent. In this context, the application of the Average Theoretical Peak Time concept (ATPT) is proposed as a unified metric for chromatographic speed classification. RESULTS This metric was evaluated using PCA analysis in a group of more than 50 publications, which generated the classification of LC methods in normal, high, hyper, and ultra-high-speed separations using ATPT. Normal speed (ATPT values greater than 18000 ms/peak) was found in HPLC, nano-LC, SFC, and CEC methods. Therefore, high-speed methods (ATPT values between 4000 and 18000 ms/peak) were found in UHPLC techniques, while LC × LC methods presented higher ATPT values between 1000 and 4000 ms/peak being classified as hyper-speed separations. ATPT can also be used as an optimization parameter, since older methods show higher ATPT values, while recent published papers show lower values of this metric. This behavior is justified due to the improvement of the LC methods over the years. SIGNIFICANCE This work fulfills the gap in chromatographic definitions and metrics, regarding analytical speed in one-dimensional and multidimensional liquid chromatographic techniques and shows that ATPT metrics is a robust parameter that can be used to classify the separation speed as well as a metric to evaluate the LC Method optimization. It also corrects the historical application of separation time as a metric for chromatographic speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Schena
- Faculty of Technology, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Presidente Dutra highway, km 298, Resende, (RJ), 27537-000, Brazil; LECO Instruments, Av. Das Nações Unidas, 12399 - Cj121B, São Paulo, (SP), 04578-000, Brazil.
| | - Carin von Mühlen
- Faculty of Technology, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Presidente Dutra highway, km 298, Resende, (RJ), 27537-000, Brazil.
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Ravald H, Wiedmer SK. Potential of liposomes and lipid membranes for the separation of β-blockers by capillary electromigration and liquid chromatographic techniques. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464265. [PMID: 37573755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
β-Blockers belong to a frequently used class of drugs primarily used to treat heart and circulatory conditions. Here we describe the use of lipid vesicles and liposomes as cell membrane biomimicking models in capillary electromigration (CE) and liquid chromatography (LC) techniques for the investigation of interactions between lipid membranes and β-blockers. In addition to liposomes, the use of commercial intravenous lipid emulsions, and their interactions with β-blockers are also discussed. Different CE and LC instrumental techniques designed for these purposes are introduced. Other methodologies for studying interactions between β-blockers and lipid membranes are also briefly discussed, and the different methodologies are compared. The aim is to give the reader a good overview on the status of the use of liposomes and lipids in CE and LC for studying β-blocker interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Ravald
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Jeličić ML, Amidžić Klarić D, Kovačić J, Verbanac D, Mornar A. Accessing Lipophilicity and Biomimetic Chromatography Profile of Biologically Active Ingredients of Botanicals Used in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080965. [PMID: 36015114 PMCID: PMC9413514 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, various procedures have been compared for the determination of lipophilicity, hydrophobicity, and plasma protein binding of curcuminoids, boswellic acids, andrographolides, and piperine as biologically active ingredients of botanicals used in IBD treatment. Our results have shown that IAM-HPLC assay is the most suitable one for lipophilicity determination of all analytes regardless of their class and botanical source. HSA-HPAC and AGP-HPAC assays revealed that all investigated compounds have a higher affinity for HSA which is the most abundant protein in human plasma. The high affinity of biologically active compounds to all biological structures (phospholipids and proteins) admonishes that their small portion is available for therapeutic effects in IBD patients. Our experimental research is complemented by various theoretical approaches based on different algorithms for pharmacokinetic properties prediction. The similarities between experimental and calculated values were evaluated using PCA and CA as a statistical tool. The statistical analysis implies that plasma protein binding is a complex process, and theoretical approaches still cannot fully replace experimental ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario-Livio Jeličić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Kovačić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Jia L, Wang H, Xu X, Wang H, Li X, Hu Y, Chen B, Liu M, Gao X, Li H, Guo D, Yang W. An off-line three-dimensional liquid chromatography/Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry approach enabling the discovery of 1561 potentially unknown ginsenosides from the flower buds of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius and Panax notoginseng. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463177. [PMID: 35660315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To comprehensively elucidate the herbal metabolites is crucial in natural products research to discover new lead compounds. Ginsenosides are an important class of bioactive components from the Panax plants exerting the significant tonifying effects. However, to identify new ginsenosides by the conventional strategies trends to be more and more difficult because of the large spans of acid-base property (the neutral and acidic saponins), molecular mass (400-1400 Da), and rather low content. Herein, an off-line multidimensional chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry approach was presented: ion exchange chromatography (IEC) as the first dimension of separation, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) in the second dimension, and reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) for the third dimension which was hyphenated to a Q Exactive Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. By applying to the flower buds of P. ginseng (PGF), P. quinquefolius (PQF), and P. notoginseng (PNF), IEC using a PhenoSphereTM SAX column could fractionate the total extracts into the neutral (unretained) and acidic (retained) fractions, while HILIC (an XBridge Amide column) and RPC (BEH Shield RP18 column) achieved the hydrophilic interaction and hydrophobic interaction separations, respectively. Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry offered rich structural information and complementary resolution to the co-eluting components, particular to those minor ones by including precursor ion lists in data-dependent acquisition. We could characterize 803 ginsenosides from PGF, 795 from PQF, and 833 from PNF, and 1561 thereof are potentially unknown. These results can indicate the great potential of this multidimensional approach in the ultra-deep characterization of complex herbal samples supporting the efficient discovery of potentially novel natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Boxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Meiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Building #6, 27 Xinjinqiao Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Dean Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Tang L, Swezey RR, Green CE, Lee MS, Bunin DI, Parman T. A tandem liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS/MS) technique to separate and quantify steroid isomers 11β-methyl-19-nortestosterone and testosterone. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1193:123165. [PMID: 35158319 PMCID: PMC9360186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become a mainstay analytical technique in pharmaceutical research and development and clinical diagnosis due to several advantages including excellent selectivity, specificity, and high sensitivity. LC-MS/MS has become the method of choice for steroids analysis due to its fast analytical time and improved specificity yet has a challenge in the separation and measurement of isomers with the same product ions. Here we describe a high-sensitivity LC/LC-MS/MS method that combines chiral chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography (LC/LC) along with MS/MS to rapidly separate and quantify steroid isomers of 11ß-methyl-19-nortestosterone (11ß-MNT) and endogenous testosterone in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min S Lee
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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