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Ďuriš M, Hradski J, Szucs R, Masár M. Microchip isotachophoresis for green and sustainable pharmaceutical quality control: Method validation and application to complex pharmaceutical formulations. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1729:465055. [PMID: 38852265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Universal microchip isotachophoresis (μITP) methods were developed for the determination of cationic and anionic macrocomponents (active pharmaceutical ingredients and counterions) in cardiovascular drugs marketed in salt form, amlodipine besylate and perindopril erbumine. The developed methods are characterized by low reagent and sample consumption, waste production and energy consumption, require only minimal sample preparation and provide fast analysis. The greenness of the proposed methods was assessed using AGREE. An internal standard addition was used to improve the quantitative parameters of μITP. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guideline. Linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity were evaluated for each of the studied analytes and all set validation criteria were met. Good linearity was observed in the presence of matrix and in the absence of matrix, with a correlation coefficient of at least 0.9993. The developed methods allowed precise and accurate determination of the studied analytes, the RSD of the quantitative and qualitative parameters were less than 1.5% and the recoveries ranged from 98 to 102%. The developed μITP methods were successfully applied to the determination of cationic and anionic macrocomponents in six commercially available pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ďuriš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava SK-84215, Slovakia
| | - Jasna Hradski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava SK-84215, Slovakia.
| | - Roman Szucs
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava SK-84215, Slovakia
| | - Marián Masár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava SK-84215, Slovakia
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2
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Opallage PM, De Silva M, Kariuki SM, Raheel AA, Dunn RC. Photothermal Backscatter Interferometry for Enhanced Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39072412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) detection using backscatter interferometry (BSI) enables universal detection in capillary electrophoresis (CE). BSI detection is a versatile on-capillary approach that is easily integrated with capillary or microfluidic channels, straightforward to miniaturize, and inexpensive. The focused BSI light source can also double as the excitation source for fluorescence, enabling simultaneous universal (BSI) and specific (fluorescence) signals from the same detection volume. To improve BSI detection and expand orthogonal content, we integrate photothermal absorption with BSI detection. Nonradiative relaxation of an excited analyte releases heat into the surroundings, which modifies both the local RI and conductivity (viscosity) of the analyte zone. We recently showed that the BSI signal is sensitive to both RI and conductivity, which makes photothermal absorption a promising route to signal enhancement. Here, we use coaxially delivered BSI and photothermal absorption beams to characterize BSI, photothermal BSI, and fluorescence detection using the separation of test samples. We show that photothermal absorption leads to 3 orders of magnitude improvement in BSI detection limits at the powers studied and provides new opportunities for studying binding interactions with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhavie M Opallage
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Miyuru De Silva
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Stanslaus M Kariuki
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Armina A Raheel
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Robert C Dunn
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Ji M, Li J, Liu A, Ma D. Covalent organic frameworks-based materials for antibiotics fluorescence detection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33118. [PMID: 39022085 PMCID: PMC11252977 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics play a vital role in safeguarding people's health since most bacterial infection can be efficiently controlled and cured by treating with suitable antibiotics. However, excessive use of antibiotics in husbandry and aquaculture leaded to the pollution of eco-environment. Thus, it is important to develop simple facile methods and effective functional materials for quick on-site analysis of antibiotics. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a kind of porous crystalline covalent bond linked polymers, have demonstrated its power in multiple fields. Herein, we will discuss COFs-based materials utilized as antibiotics sensors with fluorescence method. For each sensor, we will mainly discuss the mechanism for antibiotics recognition, the preparation, characterization and fluorescence sensing performance of specific antibiotics. The mechanism to illustrate the interaction between sensors and antibiotics analytes would also be stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ji
- Department of Chemistry, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Centre for Natural Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, Beijing, China
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4
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Li L, Ren DD, Zhang PY, Song YP, Li TX, Gao MH, Xu JN, Zhou L, Zeng ZC, Pu Q. Pushing the Limits of Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10356-10364. [PMID: 38863415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) has proven to be an efficient technique for the separation and detection of charged inorganic, organic, and biochemical analytes. It offers several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, nanoliter injection volume, short analysis time, good separation efficiency, suitability for miniaturization, and portability. However, the routine determination of common inorganic cations (NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Li+) and inorganic anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, and SO42-) in water quality monitoring typically exhibits limits of detection of about 0.3-1 μM without preconcentration. This sensitivity often proves insufficient for the applications of CE-C4D in trace analysis situations. Here, we explore methods to push the detection limits of CE-C4D through a comprehensive consideration of signal and noise sources. In particular, we (i) studied the model of C4D and its guiding roles in C4D and CE-C4D, (ii) optimized the bandwidth and noise performance of the current-to-voltage (I-V) converter, and (iii) reduced the noise level due to the strong background signal of the background electrolyte by adaptive differential detection. We characterized the system with Li+; the 3-fold signal-to-noise (S/N) detection limit for Li+ was determined at 20 nM, with a linear range spanning from 60 nM to 1.6 mM. Moreover, the optimized CE-C4D method was applied to the analysis of common mixed inorganic cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Li+), anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, and SO42-), toxic halides (BrO3-) and heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+) at trace concentrations of 200 nM. All electropherograms showed good S/N ratios, thus proving its applicability and accuracy. Our results have shown that the developed CE-C4D method is feasible for trace ion analysis in water quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dou-Dou Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tang-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ming-Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia-Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Pukleš I, Páger C, Sakač N, Matasović B, Kovač-Andrić E, Šarkanj B, Samardžić M, Budetić M, Molnárová K, Marković D, Vesinger A, Jozanović M. A new green approach to L-histidine and β-alanine analysis in dietary supplements using rapid and simple contactless conductivity detection integrated with high-resolution glass-microchip electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3605-3617. [PMID: 38713223 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of dietary supplements is far less regulated than pharmaceuticals, leading to potential quality issues. Considering their positive effect, many athletes consume supplements containing L-histidine and β-alanine. A new microfluidic method for the determination of L-histidine and β-alanine in dietary supplement formulations has been developed. For the first time, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was employed for the microchip electrophoresis of amino acids in real samples. A linear relationship between detector response and concentration was observed in the range of 10-100 µmol L-1 for L-histidine (R2 = 0.9968) and β-alanine (R2 = 0.9954), while achieved limits of detection (3 × S/N ratio) were 4.2 µmol L-1 and 5.2 µmol L-1, respectively. The accuracy of the method was confirmed using recovery experiments as well as CE-UV-VIS and HPLC-UV-VIS techniques. The developed method allows unambiguous identification of amino acids in native form without chemical derivatization and with the possibility of simultaneous analysis of amino acids with metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pukleš
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Csilla Páger
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nikola Sakač
- Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Hallerova 7, HR-42000, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Brunislav Matasović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Elvira Kovač-Andrić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, HR-48000, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Mirela Samardžić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mateja Budetić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Katarína Molnárová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dean Marković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ana Vesinger
- Pirelli Deutschland GmbH, Höchster Straße 48-60, 64747, Breuberg, Germany
| | - Marija Jozanović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia.
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
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Li L, Song YP, Ren DD, Li TX, Gao MH, Zhou L, Zeng ZC, Pu QA. A compact and high-performance setup of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C 4D). Analyst 2024; 149:3034-3040. [PMID: 38624147 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00354c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) has the advantages of high throughput (simultaneous detection of multiple ions), high separation efficiency (higher than 105 theoretical plates) and rapid analysis capability (less than 5 min for common inorganic ions). A compact CE-C4D system is ideal for water quality control and on-site analysis. It is suitable not only for common cations (e.g. Na+, K+, Li+, NH4+, Ca2+, etc.) and anions (e.g. Cl-, SO42-, BrO3-, etc.) but also for some ions (e.g. lanthanide ions, Pb2+, Cd2+, etc.) that require complex derivatization procedures to be detected by ion chromatography (IC). However, an obvious limitation of the CE-C4D method is that its sensitivity (e.g. 0.3-1 μM for common inorganic ions) is often insufficient for trace analysis (e.g. 1 ppb or 20 nM level for common inorganic ions) without preconcentration. For this technology to become a powerful and routine analytical technique, the system should be made compact while maintaining trace analysis sensitivity. In this study, we developed an all-in-one version of the CE-C4D instrument with custom-made modular components to make it a convenient, compact and high-performance system. The system was designed using direct digital synthesis (DDS) technology to generate programmable sinusoidal waveforms with any frequency for excitation, a kilovolt high-voltage power supply for capillary electrophoresis separation, and an "effective" differential C4D cell with a low-noise circuitry for high-sensitivity detection. We characterized the system with different concentrations of Cs+, and even a low concentration of 20 nM was detectable without preconcentration. Moreover, the optimized CE-C4D setup was applied to analyse mixed ions at a trace concentration of 200 nM with excellent signal-to-noise ratios. In typical applications, the limits of detection based on the 3σ criterion (without baseline filtering) were 9, 10, 24, 5, and 12 nM for K+, Cs+, Li+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, respectively, and about 7, 6, 6 and 6 nM for Br-, ClO4-, BrO3- and SO42-, respectively. Finally, the setup was also applied for the analysis of all 14 lanthanide ions and rare-earth minerals, and it showed an improvement in sensitivity by more than 25 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Yun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Dou-Dou Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Tang-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Ming-Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Zhi-Cong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Qi-Aosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
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Fejfarová V, Jarošíková R, Antalová S, Husáková J, Wosková V, Beca P, Mrázek J, Tůma P, Polák J, Dubský M, Sojáková D, Lánská V, Petrlík M. Does PAD and microcirculation status impact the tissue availability of intravenously administered antibiotics in patients with infected diabetic foot? Results of the DFIATIM substudy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1326179. [PMID: 38774229 PMCID: PMC11106387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1326179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis The aim of this substudy (Eudra CT No:2019-001997-27)was to assess ATB availability in patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers(IDFUs)in the context of microcirculation and macrocirculation status. Methods For this substudy, we enrolled 23 patients with IDFU. Patients were treated with boluses of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(AMC)(12patients) or ceftazidime(CTZ)(11patients). After induction of a steady ATB state, microdialysis was performed near the IDFU. Tissue fluid samples from the foot and blood samples from peripheral blood were taken within 6 hours. ATB potential efficacy was assessed by evaluating the maximum serum and tissue ATB concentrations(Cmax and Cmax-tissue)and the percentage of time the unbound drug tissue concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)(≥100% tissue and ≥50%/60% tissue fT>MIC). Vascular status was assessed by triplex ultrasound, ankle-brachial and toe-brachial index tests, occlusive plethysmography comprising two arterial flow phases, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure(TcPO2). Results Following bolus administration, the Cmax of AMC was 91.8 ± 52.5 μgmL-1 and the Cmax-tissue of AMC was 7.25 ± 4.5 μgmL-1(P<0.001). The Cmax for CTZ was 186.8 ± 44.1 μgmL-1 and the Cmax-tissue of CTZ was 18.6 ± 7.4 μgmL-1(P<0.0001). Additionally, 67% of patients treated with AMC and 55% of those treated with CTZ achieved tissue fT>MIC levels exceeding 50% and 60%, respectively. We observed positive correlations between both Cmax-tissue and AUCtissue and arterial flow. Specifically, the correlation coefficient for the first phase was r=0.42; (P=0.045), and for the second phase, it was r=0.55(P=0.01)and r=0.5(P=0.021). Conclusions Bactericidal activity proved satisfactory in only half to two-thirds of patients with IDFUs, an outcome that appears to correlate primarily with arterial flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Fejfarová
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radka Jarošíková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Simona Antalová
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Information Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka Husáková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Wosková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavol Beca
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Information Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polák
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Dubský
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Sojáková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Věra Lánská
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Petrlík
- Vascular and Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic, Prague, Czechia
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Opekar F, Tůma P. A new coaxial flow-through probe for electromembrane extraction of methadone from clinical samples on-line coupled to capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1300:342461. [PMID: 38521571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new design of a flow-through coaxial electromembrane extraction (EME) probe that can be on-line coupled with CE instrument is described and tested. The supporting base of the probe is a PDMS microchip with T-shaped channels into which two coaxially arranged capillaries for inlet and outlet solutions are inserted. The extraction part of the probe is a porous polypropylene hollow fiber, sealed at one end and modified with nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) extraction fluid. The internal volume of the extraction probe is 1.1 μL. RESULTS The EME probe was tested on laboratory samples and methadone was extracted into 3.0 M AcOH as acceptor. The concentration dependence was linear in the range of 0.1-1.0 μg mL-1 at EME 300 s/150 V and in the range of 0.5-10.0 μg mL-1 at EME 100 s/150 V. The enrichment factor was greater than 30 and the LOD was 0.21 μg mL-1. The EME of methadone in clinical samples showed a linear concentration dependence in human urine and a nonlinear concentration dependence in serum. The distribution of methadone in each phase of the extraction system and the effect of extraction membrane thickness on the enrichment factor were studied. The EME probe can be applied repeatedly. SIGNIFICANCE The supporting base of EME probe and flow gating interface (FGI) are realized by a microfluidic PDMS microchips cast in the laboratory without the use of lithography. A supporting PDMS chip with coaxially arranged capillaries and extraction membrane forms a compact analytical instrument. The entire EME/CE analysis process is performed on a laboratory-made instrument and automated by LabView.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Opekar
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 2030, 2, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Tůma
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, Ruská 87, 10, 100 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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9
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Prakobdi C, Baldo TA, Aryal P, Link J, Saetear P, Henry CS. Non-invasive iron deficiency diagnosis: a saliva-based approach using capillary flow microfluidics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2489-2495. [PMID: 38502566 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01933k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a condition characterized by lower-than-average iron (Fe) levels in the body, affecting a substantial number of young children and pregnant women globally. Existing diagnostic methods for IDA rely on invasive analysis of stored Fe in ferritin from blood samples, posing challenges, especially for toddlers and young children. To address this issue, saliva has been proposed as a non-invasive sample matrix for IDA diagnosis. However, conventional Fe analysis techniques often necessitate complex and costly instrumentation. This study presents the first non-invasive, saliva-based preliminary screening test for IDA using a nitrocellulose lateral flow system. In this study, we introduce a novel approach using the ferroin reaction with bathophenanthroline (Bphen) and ferrous (Fe2+) ions to quantify Fe levels in saliva. Our methodology involves a capillary flow-driven microfluidic device integrated into a lateral flow system utilizing nitrocellulose membranes. Here, we present the first instance of saliva on a nitrocellulose substrate to detect salivary Fe levels. The optimized system yielded a linear response over the 1-200 ppm range in buffer solution, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 5.6 ppm. Furthermore, the system demonstrated a linear response in pooled saliva samples across the 1-1000 ppm range, with a LoD of 55.1 ppm. These results underscore the potential of our capillary flow-driven microfluidic device as a viable non-invasive diagnostic tool for IDA, particularly in remote and resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirapha Prakobdi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thaisa A Baldo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Prakash Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Jeremy Link
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Phoonthawee Saetear
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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10
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Myochin H, Ohshima N, Izumi T, Hisajima T, Chaleckis R, Mori M. Capillary electrophoresis using triple layer modified capillary facilitating salivary ion analyses: Application to search for potential stress markers induced by cold pressure test. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464769. [PMID: 38442499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a novel approach for the analysis of salivary ions using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a triple-layer coated capillary. The capillary is sequentially coated with cationic silylating reagents, poly(vinylsulfonate), and polybrene to form a custom designed surface that effectively inhibits adsorption of protein matrix on the capillary inner wall and allows for reproducible ion analysis. For the CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, we used suitable background electrolytes (BGEs) for salivary ion analysis. Anions were separated using a mixture of 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid and l-arginine, and cations were separated using that with 18-crown-6. This setup enabled rapid separation, within 4 min, together with sensitive detection. We quantified nine common anions and five cations typically found in saliva samples using this CE method, both before and after a cold pressure test (CPT, a standard stress test). The CE system demonstrated consistent ion separation across 30 consecutive measurements without requiring capillary replacement. Notably, the salivary ion balance remained predominantly anion-rich, regardless of the CPT. Cold water exposure induced greater variation in the total anion concentration than in the total cation concentration. Further analysis using multiple regression analysis revealed strong relationships between nitrate and nitrite, formate and phosphate, and potassium and nitrate, before and after the CPT. Notably, potassium and nitrate ions exhibited variations in response to stress. These results provided a method for assessing salivary ion composition and insights into the potential of salivary ions as biomarkers for stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Myochin
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4, Higashiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hisajima
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4, Higashiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Romanas Chaleckis
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masanobu Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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11
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Barboza LJ, Rocha KN, de Jesus DP. Simple, fast, and simultaneous determination of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and tripolyphosphate by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38607366 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This work describes a novel analytical method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) for simultaneous, simple, and rapid determination of three inorganic phosphates (orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and tripolyphosphate) widely used as food additives and in pharmaceutical formulations. A background electrolyte composed of 0.5 mol L-1 acetic acid provided fast separation (around 3.0 min) and good separation efficiency and peak resolution. Linearity in the concentration range of 10-500 mg L-1 was confirmed by the coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.99. The limits of detection varied from 0.41 to 0.58 mg L-1. The accuracy of the proposed method was assessed by recovery tests conducted at three concentration levels in tap water samples, food, and personal hygiene products. Recovery values varying from 81% to 118% were achieved, indicating an acceptable accuracy. The proposed CE-C4D successfully determined the three inorganic phosphates in the analyzed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa J Barboza
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kionnys N Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dosil P de Jesus
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Rocha KN, da Silva JAF, de Jesus DP. Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D) for rapid and simple determination of lactate in sweat. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:392-399. [PMID: 38072648 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
An analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) using capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4 D) was developed and validated for fast, straightforward, and reliable determination of lactate in artificial and human sweat samples. The background electrolyte was composed of equimolar concentrations (10 mmol/L) of 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid and histidine, with 0.2 mmol/L of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as electroosmotic flow inverter. The limit of detection and quantification were 3.1 and 10.3 µmol/L, respectively. Recoveries in the 97 to 118% range were obtained using sweat samples spiked with lactate at three concentration levels, indicating an acceptable accuracy. The intraday and interday precisions were 1.49 and 7.08%, respectively. The proposed CE-C4 D method can be a starting point for monitoring lactate concentrations in sweat samples for diagnostics, physiological studies, and sports performance assessment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kionnys N Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Fracassi da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dosil P de Jesus
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Tůma P. Steady state microdialysis of microliter volumes of body fluids for monitoring of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342113. [PMID: 38182349 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of dialysis membranes in the form of hollow fibres with diameters compatible with the fused silica capillaries used in capillary electrophoresis is very limited. However, haemodialysis bicarbonate cartridges commonly used in human medicine containing polysulfone hollow fibres are available on the market and are used for the fabrication of coaxial microdialysis probes. The miniature probe design ensures that steady-state conditions are achieved during microdialysis of minimal volumes of body fluids. RESULTS A coaxial microdialysis probe with a length of 5 cm and an inner diameter of 200 μm is used for microdialysis of 10 μL of body fluid collected into a sampling fused silica capillary with an inner diameter 430 μm. Microdialysis is performed into 0.01 M HCl as a perfusate at stopped flow and 2 μL of the resulting microdialysate are subjected to analysis by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Microdialysis pre-treatment is verified by analysis of 11 common amino acids at a 100 μM concentration level, resulting in recoveries of 98.3-102.5%. The electrophoretic separation of amino acids is performed in 8.5 M acetic acid at pH 1.37 as a background electrolyte with analysis time up to 4.5 min and LOD in the range of 0.12-0.28 μM. The reproducibility of the developed technique determined for the peak area ranges from 1.2 to 4.5%. Applicability is tested in the quantification of valine and leucine in plasma during fasting and subsequent reconvalescence. SIGNIFICANCE The fabrication of a coaxial microdialysis probe for the laboratory preparation of microliter volumes of various types of clinical samples is described, which is coupled off-line with capillary electrophoretic monitoring of amino acids in 2 μL volumes of microdialysate. The developed methodology is suitable for quantification of 20 amino acids in whole human blood, plasma, tears and has potential for analysis of dry blood spots captured on hollow fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague, 10, Czechia.
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14
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De Silva M, Dunn RC. Electric field-enhanced backscatter interferometry detection for capillary electrophoresis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2110. [PMID: 38267528 PMCID: PMC10808210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Backscatter interferometry (BSI) is a refractive index (RI) detection method that is easily integrated with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and is capable of detecting species ranging from inorganic ions to proteins without additional labels or contrast agents. The BSI signal changes linearly with the square of the separation voltage which has been used to quantify sample injection, but has not been explored as a potential signal enhancement mechanism in CE. Here we develop a mathematical model that predicts a signal enhancement at high field strengths, where the BSI signal is dominated by the voltage dependent mechanism. This is confirmed in both simulation and experiment, which show that the analyte peak area grows linearly with separation voltage at high field strengths. This effect can be exploited by adjusting the background electrolyte (BGE) to increase the conductivity difference between the BGE and analyte zones, which is shown to improve BSI performance. We also show that this approach has utility in small bore capillaries where larger separation fields can be applied before excess Joule heating degrades the separation. Unlike other optical detection methods that generally degrade as the optical pathlength is reduced, the BSI signal-to-noise can improve in small bore capillaries as the larger separation fields enhance the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuru De Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Robert C Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
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15
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2021-mid-2023). Electrophoresis 2024; 45:165-198. [PMID: 37670208 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
This review article brings a comprehensive survey of developments and applications of high-performance capillary and microchip electromigration methods (zone electrophoresis in a free solution or in sieving media, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, micropreparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides in the period from 2021 up to ca. the middle of 2023. Progress in the study of electromigration properties of peptides and various aspects of their analysis, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, electroosmotic flow regulation, and detection, are presented. New developments in the particular capillary electromigration methods are demonstrated, and several types of their applications are reported. They cover qualitative and quantitative analysis of synthetic or isolated peptides and determination of peptides in complex biomatrices, peptide profiling of biofluids and tissues, and monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes of peptides. They include also amino acid and sequence analysis of peptides, peptide mapping of proteins, separation of stereoisomers of peptides, and their chiral analyses. In addition, micropreparative separations and physicochemical characterization of peptides and their interactions with other (bio)molecules by the above CE methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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16
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Zhang X, Yang Q, Ma L, Zhang D, Lin W, Schlensky N, Cheng H, Zheng Y, Luo X, Ding C, Zhang Y, Hou X, Lu F, Yan H, Wang R, Li CZ, Qu K. Automatically showing microbial growth kinetics with a high-performance microbial growth analyzer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115626. [PMID: 37643493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to show microbial growth kinetics online when they grow in complex matrices. We presented a novel strategy to address this challenge by developing a high-performance microbial growth analyzer (HPMGA), which employed a unique 32-channel capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector as a sensing element and fixed with a CellStatz software. It was capable of online showing accurate and repeatable growth curves of well-dispersed and bad-dispersed microbes, whether they grew in homogeneous simple culture broth or heterogeneous complex matrices. Moreover, it could automatically report key growth kinetics parameters. In comparison to optical density (OD), plate counting and broth microdilution (BMD) methods, we demonstrated its practicability in five scenarios: 1) the illustration of the growth, growth rate, and acceleration curves of Escherichia coli (E. coli); 2) the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Oxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); 3) the determination of Ag nanoparticle toxicity on Providencia rettgeri (P. rettgeri); 4) the characterization of milk fermentation; and 5) the enumeration of viable pathogenic Vibrio in shrimp body. Results highlighted that the HPMGA method had the advantages of universality and effectivity. This technology would significantly facilitate the routine analysis of microbial growth in many fields (biology, medicine, clinic, life, food, environment, and ecology), paving an avenue for microbiologists to achieve research goals that have been inhibited for years due to a lack of practical analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liangyu Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dahai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Wentao Lin
- eDAQ Pty Ltd, 6 Doig Ave, Denistone East, NSW, 2112, Australia
| | - Nick Schlensky
- eDAQ Pty Ltd, 6 Doig Ave, Denistone East, NSW, 2112, Australia
| | - Hongrui Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yuanhui Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Xiliang Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiangyi Hou
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ruoju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Biosensors & Bioelectronics Center, Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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17
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Pukleš I, Páger C, Sakač N, Šarkanj B, Matasović B, Samardžić M, Budetić M, Marković D, Jozanović M. Electrophoretic Determination of L-Carnosine in Health Supplements Using an Integrated Lab-on-a-Chip Platform with Contactless Conductivity Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14705. [PMID: 37834151 PMCID: PMC10572305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The health supplement industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, but there is a lack of suitable analytical methods for the determination of active compounds in health supplements such as peptides. The present work describes an implementation of contactless conductivity detection on microchip technology as a new strategy for the electrophoretic determination of L-carnosine in complex health supplement formulations without pre-concentration and derivatization steps. The best results were obtained in the case of +1.00 kV applied for 20 s for injection and +2.75 kV applied for 260 s for the separation step. Under the selected conditions, a linear detector response of 5 × 10-6 to 5 × 10-5 M was achieved. L-carnosine retention time was 61 s. The excellent reproducibility of both migration time and detector response confirmed the high precision of the method. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the determination of L-carnosine in three different samples of health supplements. The recoveries ranged from 91 to 105%. Subsequent analysis of the samples by CE-UV-VIS and HPLC-DAD confirmed the accuracy of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pukleš
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Páger
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Honvéd Utca 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Nikola Sakač
- Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Hallerova 7, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia;
| | - Brunislav Matasović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mirela Samardžić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mateja Budetić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dean Marković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Marija Jozanović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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18
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Liu Y, He W, Lu Z, Wang J, Sun C, Su J, Mo C, You H. A pH-mediated field amplification sample stacking technique based on portable microchip electrophoresis heavy metal ion detection system. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1475-1482. [PMID: 37209382 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We built a portable microchip electrophoresis heavy metal ion detection system and proposed a pH-mediated field amplified sample stacking (pH-mediated FASS) online preconcentration method. The pH-mediated FASS focuses and stacks heavy metal cations by controlling electrophoretic mobilities with a pH change between the analyte and the background electrolyte (BGE) in solution to improve the detection sensitivity of the system. We optimized and adjusted sample matrix solution (SMS) ratios and pH to create concentration and pH gradients for SMS and BGE. Furthermore, we optimize the microchannel width to improve the preconcentration effect further. The system and method analyzed soil leachates polluted with heavy metals and separated Pb2+ and Cd2+ within 90 s, obtaining their levels at 58.01 mg/L and 4.91 mg/L with sensitivity enhancement factors (SEF) of 26.40 and 43.73. Compared with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), the detection error of the system was less than 8.80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenhe He
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zihao Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jianjiao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Cuimin Sun
- School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jian Su
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Chengwu Mo
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Hui You
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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19
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Gil L, Wsol M, Fernández-Barredo S, Navarro PF. Urinary Electrophoretograms Performed by Capillary Electrophoresis: Comparison between Dogs and Cats. Gels 2023; 9:544. [PMID: 37504423 PMCID: PMC10379986 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophoresis of urine to evaluate different urinary proteins has been used in recent years in veterinary medicine, as it can be a useful laboratory tool in the early detection of kidney damage. However, urinary capillary electrophoresis (UCE) has not been reported in healthy cats. In healthy dogs, reference intervals have been established and can be compared with pathological samples as these provide an easily interpretable pattern. The electrophoretogram in this study is divided into five fractions (F1-F5) by serum (albumin; alpha1-globulin; alpha2-globulin; beta-globulin; and gamma-globulin). Urine samples from 14 healthy cats were obtained by eco-guided cystocentesis. UCE was run in all samples and compared to 123 dog electrophoretograms from a previously published study. Fraction 2 (alpha1-globulin) was statistically decreased in cats (G1) compared to dogs (G2). Fraction 4 (beta-globulin) was statistically augmented in cats compared to the canine population (G2). Fraction 5 (gamma-globulin) was statistically decreased in cats (G1) compared to dogs (G2). No statistical correlation was found between each cat's serum and urinary fractions. The results of the present study suggest that UCE patterns in cats are similar to the ones described in dogs. UCE can be a non-invasive new diagnostic tool in cats as pathological patterns can be compared to normal ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martyna Wsol
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Paula Fátima Navarro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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20
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Tůma P. Progress in on-line, at-line, and in-line coupling of sample treatment with capillary and microchip electrophoresis over the past 10 years: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1261:341249. [PMID: 37147053 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The review presents an evaluation of the development of on-line, at-line and in-line sample treatment coupled with capillary and microchip electrophoresis over the last 10 years. In the first part, it describes different types of flow-gating interfaces (FGI) such as cross-FGI, coaxial-FGI, sheet-flow-FGI, and air-assisted-FGI and their fabrication using molding into polydimethylsiloxane and commercially available fittings. The second part deals with the coupling of capillary and microchip electrophoresis with microdialysis, solid-phase, liquid-phase, and membrane based extraction techniques. It mainly focuses on modern techniques such as extraction across supported liquid membrane, electroextraction, single drop microextraction, head space microextraction, and microdialysis with high spatial and temporal resolution. Finally, the design of sequential electrophoretic analysers and fabrication of SPE microcartridges with monolithic and molecularly imprinted polymeric sorbents are discussed. Applications include the monitoring of metabolites, neurotransmitters, peptides and proteins in body fluids and tissues to study processes in living organisms, as well as the monitoring of nutrients, minerals and waste compounds in food, natural and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
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21
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A new electromembrane extraction probe for on-line connection with capillary electrophoresis for determination of substances in biological matrices. Talanta 2023; 254:124149. [PMID: 36463806 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A miniature probe for electromembrane extraction is developed and constructed. The tubular probe with an internal volume of 1.1 μL is made of polypropylene hollow fiber with a supported liquid membrane of 85% nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) with 15% bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphonic acid (DEHP). The probe is connected on-line to the electrophoresis with short separation capillary via an air assisted flow gating interface cast from poly (dimethylsiloxane). The compact instrument is computer controlled via LabView. The probe parameters are tested for extraction of creatinine and basic amino acids from artificial solution and human urine. The sensitivity of the electrophoretic determination after 300 s extraction at 150 V compared to the sensitivity without extraction is 4.9-fold and 2.6-fold higher for creatinine and arginine, respectively. The RSDs for peak area measured from 5 repeated extractions of 50 μM solutions are 7.5%, 7.2%, 8.6% and 9.2% for Crea, Lys, Arg and His, respectively. The probe can be used for all-day measurements. The preparation of the probe is simple and requires no special tool.
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22
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Use of some amino acid potentiometric biosensors as detectors in ion chromatography. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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23
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Tůma P, Sommerová B, Koval D, Šiklová M, Koc M. Plasma levels of creatine, 2-aminobutyric acid, acetyl-carnitine and amino acids during fasting measured by counter-current electrophoresis in PAMAPTAC capillary. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Nguyen QH, Dang THM, Quynh Le TP, Luu THT, Dinh TD, Mai TK, Nguyen TMT, Nguyen TAH, Mai TD. Inexpensive and simple tool for quality control of nutraceutical and tonic products with capillary electrophoresis and contactless conductivity detection: Some developments in Vietnam. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fejfarová V, Jarošíková R, Polák J, Sommerová B, Husáková J, Wosková V, Dubský M, Tůma P. Microdialysis as a tool for antibiotic assessment in patients with diabetic foot: a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1141086. [PMID: 37139338 PMCID: PMC10150051 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot is a serious late complication frequently caused by infection and ischaemia. Both require prompt and aggressive treatment to avoid lower limb amputation. The effectiveness of peripheral arterial disease therapy can be easily verified using triplex ultrasound, ankle-brachial/toe-brachial index examination, or transcutaneous oxygen pressure. However, the success of infection treatment is difficult to establish in patients with diabetic foot. Intravenous systemic antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of infectious complications in patients with moderate or serious stages of infection. Antibiotic therapy should be initiated promptly and aggressively to achieve sufficient serum and peripheral antibiotic concentrations. Antibiotic serum levels are easily evaluated by pharmacokinetic assessment. However, antibiotic concentrations in peripheral tissues, especially in diabetic foot, are not routinely detectable. This review describes microdialysis techniques that have shown promise in determining antibiotic levels in the surroundings of diabetic foot lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Fejfarová
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Vladimíra Fejfarová,
| | - Radka Jarošíková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polák
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Blanka Sommerová
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka Husáková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Wosková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Dubský
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Novel developments in capillary electrophoresis miniaturization, sampling, detection and portability: An overview of the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Novel microchip electrophoresis-contactless conductivity method for detection and characterization of extracellular vesicles enriched for exosomes and microvesicles. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:1547-1561. [PMID: 36734464 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of intercellular communication, used in disease diagnosis and as prognostic circulating biomarkers, and their identification and quantitative analysis are important prerequisites for their clinical application. Methods & results: A method using microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection was developed for the concentration assay of EVs. This method showed good sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy, with good linear correlation with conventional methods (nanoparticle tracking analysis and bicinchoninic acid assay). The application to the detection of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs proved its applicability to clinical samples. Conclusion: This is the first study to apply this method for the detection of EVs, achieving quantitative analysis of EVs enriched in exosomes and microvesicles, and initially demonstrating the potential to separate different EV subpopulations.
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