1
|
Gordon CA, Williams GM, Gray DJ, Clements ACA, Zhou XN, Li Y, Utzinger J, Kurscheid J, Forsyth S, Addis Alene K, Zhou J, Li Z, Li G, Lin D, Lou Z, Li S, Ge J, Xu J, Yu X, Hu F, Xie S, Chen J, Shi T, Li C, Zheng H, McManus DP. Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China - down but not out. Parasitology 2022; 149:218-233. [PMID: 35234601 PMCID: PMC11010531 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis has been subjected to extensive control efforts in the People's Republic of China (China) which aims to eliminate the disease by 2030. We describe baseline results of a longitudinal cohort study undertaken in the Dongting and Poyang lakes areas of central China designed to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in humans, animals (goats and bovines) and Oncomelania snails utilizing molecular diagnostics procedures. Data from the Chinese National Schistosomiasis Control Programme (CNSCP) were compared with the molecular results obtained.Sixteen villages from Hunan and Jiangxi provinces were surveyed; animals were only found in Hunan. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans was 1.8% in Jiangxi and 8.0% in Hunan determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while 18.3% of animals were positive by digital droplet PCR. The CNSCP data indicated that all villages harboured S. japonicum-infected individuals, detected serologically by indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA), but very few, if any, of these were subsequently positive by Kato-Katz (KK).Based on the outcome of the IHA and KK results, the CNSCP incorporates targeted human praziquantel chemotherapy but this approach can miss some infections as evidenced by the results reported here. Sensitive molecular diagnostics can play a key role in the elimination of schistosomiasis in China and inform control measures allowing for a more systematic approach to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Gordon
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail M. Williams
- School of Population Health, Discipline of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Darren J. Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Kurscheid
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Forsyth
- School of Population Health, Discipline of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jie Zhou
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Jiangxi Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangpin Li
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Jiangxi Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Lou
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Li
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ge
- Jiangxi Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Yu
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Hu
- Jiangxi Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Xie
- Jiangxi Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shi
- Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Li
- Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brattig NW, Bergquist R, Qian MB, Zhou XN, Utzinger J. Helminthiases in the People's Republic of China: Status and prospects. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105670. [PMID: 32841589 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Helminth infections, many of them listed as neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization, remain a public health issue in many parts of the world. The People's Republic of China (P.R. China) stands out due to impressive progress in the control and local elimination of helminth infections. An important contextual factor is P.R. China's sustained social and economic development that allowed implementation of health-related poverty alleviation, improving water, sanitation and hygiene, enhancing information, education and communication, coupled with major engineering and infrastructure development and intersectoral collaboration. Nonetheless, food-borne trematodiases, soil-transmitted helminthiases, echinococcosis, cysticercosis/taeniasis and schistosomiasis still exert a considerable burden in P.R. China, even though the numbers of infected people have decreased substantially since the new millennium. This special issue of Acta Tropica provides a comprehensive update of the current knowledge of the main helminth infections in P.R. China, summarises progress in research and discusses future prospects for gaining and sustaining control towards the final goal of breaking transmission and hence, eliminating helminthiases. It consists of 34 articles with a wide coverage that can be grouped into six domains: (i) epidemiological assessment and disease burden estimates; (ii) diagnostics and antigen characterisation; (iii) drug and vaccine development; (iv) host-parasite interactions and snail genetics; (v) surveillance and public health response; and (vi) capacity building and international cooperation. The control and elimination of helminthiases not only furthers the health and wellbeing of the Chinese people, but also provides innovative approaches, tools and strategies, which can be adopted and applied in other countries and regions of the world where helminthiases still prevail.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernández-Soto P, Fernández-Medina C, Cruz-Fernández S, Crego-Vicente B, Febrer-Sendra B, García-Bernalt Diego J, Gorgojo-Galindo Ó, López-Abán J, Vicente Santiago B, Muro Álvarez A. Whip-LAMP: a novel LAMP assay for the detection of Trichuris muris-derived DNA in stool and urine samples in a murine experimental infection model. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:552. [PMID: 33160406 PMCID: PMC7648965 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichuris trichiura (human whipworm) infects an estimated 477 million individuals worldwide. In addition to T. trichiura, other Trichuris species can cause an uncommon zoonosis and a number of human cases have been reported. The diagnosis of trichuriasis has relied traditionally on microscopy. Recently, there is an effort to use molecular diagnostic methods, mainly qPCR. LAMP technology could be an alternative for qPCR especially in low-income endemic areas. Trichuris muris, the causative agent of trichuriasis in mice, is of great importance as a model for human trichuriasis. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic utility of a new LAMP assay in an active experimental mouse trichuriasis in parallel with parasitological method by using stool and, for the first time, urine samples. Methods Stool and urine samples were collected from mice infected with eggs of T. muris. The dynamics of infection was determined by counting the number of eggs per gram of faeces. A LAMP based on the 18S rRNA gene from T. muris was designed. Sensitivity and specificity of LAMP was tested and compared with PCR. Stool and urine samples were analysed by both LAMP and PCR techniques. Results Trichuris muris eggs were detected for the first time in faeces 35 days post-infection. LAMP resulted specific and no cross-reactions were found when using 18 DNA samples from different parasites. The detection limit of the LAMP assay was 2 pg of T. muris DNA. When testing stool samples by LAMP we obtained positive results on day 35 p.i. and urine samples showed amplification results on day 20 p.i., i.e. 15 days before the onset of T. muris eggs in faeces. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, we report, for the first time, a novel LAMP assay (Whip-LAMP) for sensitive detection of T. muris DNA in both stool and urine samples in a well-established mice experimental infection model. Considering the advantages of urine in molecular diagnosis in comparison to stool samples, should make us consider the possibility of starting the use urine specimens in molecular diagnosis and for field-based studies of human trichuriasis where possible. Further studies with clinical samples are still needed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Medina
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana Cruz-Fernández
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Crego-Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Begoña Febrer-Sendra
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan García-Bernalt Diego
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Óscar Gorgojo-Galindo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belén Vicente Santiago
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro Álvarez
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pham-Duc P, Nguyen-Viet H, Luu-Quoc T, Cook MA, Trinh-Thi-Minh P, Payne D, Dao-Thu T, Grace D, Dang-Xuan S. Understanding Antibiotic Residues and Pathogens Flow in Wastewater from Smallholder Pig Farms to Agriculture Field in Ha Nam Province, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2020; 14:1178630220943206. [PMID: 33088179 PMCID: PMC7543113 DOI: 10.1177/1178630220943206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact with livestock wastewater on farms and in communities can pose a risk to human and animal health. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 180 households and 24 pig farms (96 wastewater samples) to explore information about pig production, livestock waste management, antibiotic use, and to analyze antibiotic residues and microbial contamination, respectively. RESULTS Of the 120 households raising pigs, biogas systems were the most commonly used to treat animal waste (70%), followed by compositing (19%), and the remaining respondents discharged waste directly into drains or ponds (11%). The majority of respondents (78%) used antibiotics to treat and prevent disease in pigs, but 32% of them did not know of any disadvantages of antibiotic abuse. ELISA assays were performed on half of the wastewater samples (n = 48), demonstrating that residues of flouroquinolones and sulfonamides were present in 6.3% (3/48) and 22.9% (11/48) of tested samples, respectively. The average residual level of sulfamethazine was 27.8 ug/l. Further, E. coli concentrations exceeding regulatory levels in Vietnam were found in nearly all samples. Salmonella spp. was also found in 57.3% of samples, though prevalence rates varied across the different sites. Finally, G. lamblia was found in 8.4% of samples, and C. parvum was found in 5.2% of samples. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that livestock wastewater carried potential harmful pathogens and antibiotic residues that could come into contact with humans in the community. Thus, appropriate operation and application of livestock wastewater treatment (such as biogas or composting) and management should be a continued focused.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuc Pham-Duc
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem
Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Environmental and
Sustainable Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem
Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
- International Livestock Research
Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Toan Luu-Quoc
- Faculty of Environmental &
Occupational Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Meghan A Cook
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem
Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Dave Payne
- Secretariat Office of Vietnam One Health
Partnership for Zoonoses, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Dao-Thu
- Secretariat Office of Vietnam One Health
Partnership for Zoonoses, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research
Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem
Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
- International Livestock Research
Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Usnic acid potassium salt from Cladonia substellata (Lichen): Synthesis, cytotoxicity and in vitro anthelmintic activity and ultrastructural analysis against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop 2019; 192:1-10. [PMID: 30571934 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time the in vitro effect of Potassium Salt, derived from Usnic Acid (PS-UA), isolated from the lichen Cladonia substellata Vanio, on couples of Schistosoma mansoni. As schistosomicide parameters, we evaluated mortality, motility, cell viability of the worms and tegument changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Exposure to a concentration of 100 μM caused 75% mortality after 3 h. After 6 h, changes in motility in concentrations of 50 and 25 μM are evidenced. After 12 h and 24h, the concentrations of 50 and 100 μM caused 6.25% and 87.5% and 50% and 100% mortality, respectively. PS-UA reduced the cell viability of the worms by 27.36% and 52.82% at concentrations 50 and 100 μM, respectively. Through SEM we observed progressive dose-and time-dependent, alterations such as swelling, blisters, dorsoventral contraction, erosion until disintegration of the tubercles in the tegument of male and female. PS-UA did not alter the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and showed high selectivity indices (IC50 > 200 μM). Our results indicate that PS-UA represents a possible candidate for a new anthelmintic drug in the control of schistosomiasis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Han KT, Wai KT, Aye KH, Kyaw KW, Maung WP, Oo T. Emerging neglected helminthiasis and determinants of multiple helminth infections in flood-prone township in Myanmar. Trop Med Health 2019; 47:1. [PMID: 30787669 PMCID: PMC6318856 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-018-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myanmar has similar agro-based ecology and environmental risks as others in the Greater Mekong sub-region leading to the broad array of helminthic infections. Basic health staff (BHS) from the public sector forms a key stakeholder group in deworming interventions. The study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and determinants of multiple species helminth infections to promote township-level integrated interventions. METHODS A cross-sectional implementation research study in 2017 covered randomly selected 240 households in four villages of Shwegyin Township. Trained interviewers administered the pre-tested structured questionnaire to either the household head or the assigned person concerning their knowledge, perceptions, practices, food habits, and deworming experience. Concomitantly, the research team collected a single stool sample from each of 698 participants (age range of 8 months to 87 years) from 93% (224/240) of eligible households and examined by Kato-Katz smear microscopy. Eventually, 16 BHS joined the interactive dialogue session based on research evidence and knowledge translated for further validation. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of at least one helminth infection was 24% [168/698; 95% CI 21.0-27.0]. Apart from the soil-transmitted helminths (14%), zoonotic helminths especially Taenia spp. (0.7%) and Schistosoma spp. (3%) were detected. Almost half of the seasonally mobile gold panning workers (12/25; 48%) and 46% of pre-school-age children had helminth infections. Community risk groups at riverside villages had significantly higher multiple species helminth infection than those from inland villages (AOR = 10.9; 95% CI 4.9-24.2). Gold panning workers had higher infection rates than other categories (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI 0.6-9.5) but not significant. In flood-prone areas, householders failed to follow the guidelines to construct/re-construct specific type of sanitary latrines and challenges remained in disseminating health messages for community engagement. The innovative ideas recapitulated by BHS included the integration of health talks during the sessions for small agricultural loans and to harness advocacy with water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions. CONCLUSIONS The emerging evidence of neglected zoonotic helminths required attention to introduce the periodic mopping-up and the "selective deworming plan" for vulnerable groups to cover the missed targets. Further multidisciplinary research to confirm the intermediate hosts and vectors of zoonotic helminths in the environment is essential for surveillance and response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay Thwe Han
- Parasitology Research Division, Department of Medical Research (DMR), No. 5 Ziwaka Road, Yangon, 11191 Myanmar
| | - Khin Thet Wai
- Parasitology Research Division, Department of Medical Research (DMR), No. 5 Ziwaka Road, Yangon, 11191 Myanmar
| | - Kyin Hla Aye
- Parasitology Research Division, Department of Medical Research (DMR), No. 5 Ziwaka Road, Yangon, 11191 Myanmar
| | - Khine Wah Kyaw
- Parasitology Research Division, Department of Medical Research (DMR), No. 5 Ziwaka Road, Yangon, 11191 Myanmar
| | - Wai Phyo Maung
- Parasitology Research Division, Department of Medical Research (DMR), No. 5 Ziwaka Road, Yangon, 11191 Myanmar
| | - Tin Oo
- Parasitology Research Division, Department of Medical Research (DMR), No. 5 Ziwaka Road, Yangon, 11191 Myanmar
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He P, Gordon CA, Williams GM, Li Y, Wang Y, Hu J, Gray DJ, Ross AG, Harn D, McManus DP. Real-time PCR diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum in low transmission areas of China. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:8. [PMID: 29394958 PMCID: PMC5796516 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) can be traced back to antiquity. In the past 60 years, the Chinese government has made great efforts to control this persistent disease with elimination slated by 2020 through the implementation of a comprehensive control strategy. This strategy aims to reduce the role of bovines and humans as sources of infection as a pre-requisite for elimination through transmission interruption. The goal of elimination will be achievable only by the implementation of a sustainable surveillance and control system, with sensitive diagnosis a key feature so that the true disease burden is not underestimated. Currently used diagnostics lack the necessary sensitivity to accurately determine the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in areas with low infection intensities. It is of critical importance to find and treat people and to identify animals with low-level infections if the National Control Programme for China is to achieve schistosomiasis elimination. Methods We evaluated a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay using 633 human stool samples collected from five villages in Hunan, Anhui, Hubei, and Jiangxi provinces, and 182 bovine (70 cattle and 112 buffalo) stool samples obtained from four villages in Hunan, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces in the PRC. All stool samples were subjected to the miracidium hatching test (MHT, a diagnostic procedure used in the National Schistosomiasis Control Programme) and the qPCR assay. Samples positive by MHT were subjected to either the Kato-Katz technique for humans, or the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion (FEA-SD) procedure for bovines, to determine infection intensities. Results The qPCR assay exhibited a high level of sensitivity in the detection of S. japonicum infections. With both the human and bovine samples, a significantly higher prevalence was determined using the qPCR assay (11.06% humans, 24.73% bovines) than with the MHT (0.93% humans, 7.69% bovines). The animal contamination index (calculated using data obtained with the qPCR technique) for all positive bovines was 27 618 000 eggs per day, indicating a considerable amount of environmental egg contamination that would be underestimated using less sensitive diagnostic procedures. Conclusions The qPCR assay we have evaluated will be applicable as a future field diagnostic and surveillance tool in low-transmission zones where schistosomiasis elimination is targeted and for monitoring post-intervention areas to verify that elimination has been maintained. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0390-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei He
- Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Catherine A Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gail M Williams
- Discipline of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjian Hu
- Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Darren J Gray
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Discipline of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Allen G Ross
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald Harn
- University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hughes T, O’Connor T, Techasen A, Namwat N, Loilome W, Andrews RH, Khuntikeo N, Yongvanit P, Sithithaworn P, Taylor-Robinson SD. Opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia: an unresolved problem. Int J Gen Med 2017; 10:227-237. [PMID: 28848361 PMCID: PMC5557399 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s133292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Southeast Asia is much higher than other areas of the world. Eating raw, fermented, or undercooked cyprinid fish, infected with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (sl), results in chronic biliary inflammation, periductal fibrosis, and increased cancer risk. There may be associated glomerulonephritis. The process of infection is difficult to disrupt because eating practices have proven extremely difficult to change, and the life cycle of the fluke cannot be broken due to high prevalence in canine and feline reservoir hosts. Fecal analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests can be used to diagnose opisthorchiasis. Diagnosis of CCA is complex, partly due to the lack of definitive imaging characteristics but also due to the difficulty of obtaining samples for cytology or histology. This cancer has proven to be resistant to common chemotherapy treatments and so the two avenues of treatment available are surgical resection and liver transplantation, both requiring early detection of the tumor for the best chances of success. Late presentation of symptoms reduces the chances of successful surgical intervention. While liver fluke infections can be treated with praziquantel, individuals will often become reinfected, and multiple reinfections can be more harmful than a singular, long-term infection. A key research on the detection and characterization of novel biomarkers in all parts of the carcinogenic pathway for early diagnosis is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hughes
- Division of Digestive Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas O’Connor
- Division of Digestive Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Simon D Taylor-Robinson
- Division of Digestive Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Intensifying responsiveness towards neglected intestinal helminth infections in a resource-constrained setting. Trop Med Health 2017; 45:12. [PMID: 28490972 PMCID: PMC5423003 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-017-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected intestinal helminth infections afflict the marginalized communities in Asia. Since 2004, growing body of evidence in Myanmar indicated high prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections (30–40%) among school children. Co-existence of STH (23%) with food-borne trematodes was noted among 383 pregnant women in a selected township in 2012–2014 followed by molecular verification of very low prevalence of schistosome infection (<5%) in the same study site in 2016. The success of transmission elimination plans may depend upon sensitive diagnostic tools to detect persistent infections and polyparasitism. Addressing the research gaps in vulnerable sites requires an increased investment in resource-constrained settings.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun LP, Wang W, Zuo YP, Hong QB, Du GL, Ma YC, Wang J, Yang GJ, Zhu DJ, Liang YS. A multidisciplinary, integrated approach for the elimination of schistosomiasis: a longitudinal study in a historically hyper-endemic region in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China from 2005 to 2014. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:56. [PMID: 28288689 PMCID: PMC5348877 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although great success has been achieved, schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China, and the remaining core endemic regions are concentrated along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary, integrated approach for schistosomiasis elimination in a historically hyper-endemic region in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China over the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014. METHODS A three-step roadmap for schistosomiasis elimination was designed in the study site, and multidisciplinary, integrated interventions were implemented by the health, agriculture, water resources development, land and resources, and forestry sectors from 2005 to 2014, including chemotherapy for infected individuals, health education, management of the source of Schistosoma japonicum infection, and intermediate host snail control. The annual number of schistosomiasis patients, S. japonicum infection in humans, bovines and Oncomelania hupensis snails, and water infectivity were observed to assess the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary, integrated approach for the elimination of schistosomiasis. RESULTS There was a tendency towards a gradual decline in both the number of schistosomiasis cases and the prevalence of S. japonicum human infection across the study period from 2005 through 2014. No S. japonicum human infection was detected since 2012, and no acute infection was seen since 2006. During the study period, no infection was found in bovines, and a 0.03% overall infection rate was observed in O. hupensis snails. Since 2009, no infected snails were identified, and the area of both snail habitats and infected snail habitats appeared a reduction over the study period. Following the 3-year multidisciplinary, integrated control, infection control was achieved, and transmission control was achieved after 6-year implementation, with all infected snails and water infectivity eliminated; in addition, the 10-year implementation resulted in interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in the study site in 2014. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present 10-year longitudinal study demonstrate that the multidisciplinary, integrated approach is effective for the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Yin-Ping Zuo
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Qing-Biao Hong
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Guang-Lin Du
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Yu-Cai Ma
- Hanjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenhui West Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Dao-Jian Zhu
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - You-Sheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Improved diagnosis of Trichuris trichiura by using a bead-beating procedure on ethanol preserved stool samples prior to DNA isolation and the performance of multiplex real-time PCR for intestinal parasites. Parasitology 2017; 144:965-974. [PMID: 28290266 PMCID: PMC5471844 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
For the majority of intestinal parasites, real-time PCR-based diagnosis outperforms
microscopy. However, the data for Trichuris trichiura have been less
convincing and most comparative studies have been performed in populations with low
prevalence. This study aims to improve detection of T. trichuria DNA in
human stool by evaluating four sample preparation methods. Faecal samples
(n = 60) were collected at Flores island, Indonesia and examined by
microscopy. Aliquots were taken and a bead-beating procedure was used both on directly
frozen stool and on material preserved with 96% ethanol. PCR on frozen samples showed 40%
to be positive for T. trichiura, compared with 45% positive by
microscopy. The percentage positive increased when using ethanol preservation (45·0%),
bead-beating (51·7%) and a combination (55·0%) and all three methods showed significantly
higher DNA loads. The various procedures had a less pronounced effect on the PCR results
of nine other parasite targets tested. Most prevalent were Ascaris
lumbricoides (≈60%), Necator americanus (≈60%),
Dientamoeba fragilis (≈50%) and Giardia lamblia
(≈12%). To validate the practicality of the procedure, bead-beating was applied in a
population-based survey testing 910 stool samples. Findings confirmed bead-beating before
DNA extraction to be a highly efficient procedure for the detection of T.
trichiura DNA in stool.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fuhrimann S, Winkler MS, Pham-Duc P, Do-Trung D, Schindler C, Utzinger J, Cissé G. Intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors in communities exposed to wastewater in urban and peri-urban transition zones in Hanoi, Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:537. [PMID: 27724979 PMCID: PMC5057403 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections with intestinal parasites (helminths and intestinal protozoa) are endemic in Southeast Asia and inappropriate management and reuse of wastewater might exacerbate the risk of human infections. In rapidly growing urban settings, little is known about the extent of intestinal parasite infections. We assessed the point-prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in population groups differently exposed to wastewater in urban and peri-urban transition zones in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out between April and June 2014 in people aged ≥ 18 years at risk of wastewater exposure from To Lich River: workers maintaining wastewater treatment facilities; urban farmers reusing wastewater; and urban dwellers at risk of flooding events. For comparison, two peri-urban population groups living in close proximity to the Red River were chosen: farmers using river water for irrigation purposes; and people living in the same communities. A single stool sample was subjected to Kato-Katz and formalin-ether concentration methods for the diagnosis of helminth and intestinal protozoa infections. A questionnaire was administered to determine risk factors and self-reported signs and symptoms. Results A total of 681 individuals had complete data records. Highest point-prevalence rates of intestinal parasite infections were observed for peri-urban farmers (30 %). Hookworm and Trichuris trichiura were the predominant helminth species (25 % and 5 %, respectively). Peri-urban farmers were at higher odds of infection with intestinal parasites than any other groups (adjusted odds ratio 5.8, 95 % confidence interval 2.5 to 13.7). Lack of access to improved sanitation and not receiving deworming within the past 12 months were associated with higher infection risk, while higher educational attainment and socioeconomic status were negatively associated with intestinal parasite infections. Conclusions Our results suggest that exposure to wastewater was not directly associated with infection with helminths and intestinal protozoa in different population groups in Hanoi. These findings might be explained by a high level of awareness of health risks and access to safe sanitary infrastructure in urban areas. The high prevalence rates observed in peri-urban farmers call for specific interventions targeting this population group. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1809-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fuhrimann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Mirko S Winkler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Phuc Pham-Duc
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Do-Trung
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malaria, Parasitology, and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fuhrimann S, Pham-Duc P, Cissé G, Tram NT, Thu Ha H, Dung DT, Ngoc P, Nguyen-Viet H, Anh Vuong T, Utzinger J, Schindler C, Winkler MS. Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:1014-1022. [PMID: 27325013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture has a long tradition throughout Asia. For example, in Hanoi, it creates important livelihood opportunities for >500,000 farmers in peri-urban communities. Discharge of domestic effluents pollute the water streams with potential pathogenic organisms posing a public health threat to farmers and consumers of wastewater-fed foodstuff. We determined the effectiveness of Hanoi's wastewater conveyance system, placing particular emphasis on the quality of wastewater used in agriculture and aquaculture. Between April and June 2014, a total of 216 water samples were obtained from 24 sampling points and the concentrations of total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs determined. Despite applied wastewater treatment, agricultural field irrigation water was heavily contaminated with TC (1.3×10(7)colony forming unit (CFU)/100mL), E. coli (1.1×10(6)CFU/100mL) and Salmonella spp. (108 most probable number (MPN)/100mL). These values are 110-fold above Vietnamese discharge limits for restricted agriculture and 260-fold above the World Health Organization (WHO)'s tolerable safety limits for unrestricted agriculture. Mean helminth egg concentrations were below WHO tolerable levels in all study systems (<1egg/L). Hence, elevated levels of bacterial contamination, but not helminth infections, pose a major health risk for farmers and consumers of wastewater fed-products. We propose a set of control measures that might protect the health of exposed population groups without compromising current urban farming activities. This study presents an important example for sanitation safety planning in a rapidly expanding Asian city and can guide public and private entities working towards Sustainable Development Goal target 6.3, that is to improve water quality by reducing pollution, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and increasing recycling and safe reuse globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fuhrimann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Phuc Pham-Duc
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nguyen Thuy Tram
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thu Ha
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Trung Dung
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malaria, Parasitology, and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Ngoc
- Department of Animal Hygiene, National Institute for Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam; International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Anh Vuong
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schindler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirko S Winkler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou X, Yap P, Tanner M, Bergquist R, Utzinger J, Zhou XN. Surveillance and response systems for elimination of tropical diseases: summary of a thematic series in Infectious Diseases of Poverty. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:49. [PMID: 27179509 PMCID: PMC4868018 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The peer-reviewed journal Infectious Diseases of Poverty provides a new platform to engage with, and disseminate in an open-access format, science outside traditional disciplinary boundaries. The current piece reviews a thematic series on surveillance-response systems for elimination of tropical diseases. Overall, 22 contributions covering a broad array of diseases are featured – i.e. clonorchiasis, dengue, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), H7N9 avian influenza, lymphatic filariasis, malaria, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), rabies, schistosomiasis and tuberculosis (TB). There are five scoping reviews, a commentary, a letter to the editor, an opinion piece and an editorial pertaining to the theme “Elimination of tropical disease through surveillance and response”. The remaining 13 articles are original contributions mainly covering (i) drug resistance; (ii) innovation and validation in the field of mathematical modelling; (iii) elimination of infectious diseases; and (iv) social media reports on disease outbreak notifications released by national health authorities. Analysis of the authors’ affiliations reveals that scientists from the People’s Republic of China (P.R. China) are prominently represented. Possible explanations include the fact that the 2012 and 2014 international conferences pertaining to surveillance-response mechanisms were both hosted by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD) in Shanghai, coupled with P.R. China’s growing importance with regard to the control of infectious diseases. Within 4 to 22 months of publication, three of the 22 contributions were viewed more than 10 000 times each. With sustained efforts focusing on relevant and strategic information towards control and elimination of infectious diseases, Infectious Diseases of Poverty has become a leading journal in the field of surveillance and response systems in infectious diseases and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiling Yap
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Topical Diseases, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Feng Y, Liu L, Xia S, Xu JF, Bergquist R, Yang GJ. Reaching the Surveillance-Response Stage of Schistosomiasis Control in The People's Republic of China: A Modelling Approach. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:165-96. [PMID: 27137447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the goal set to eliminate schistosomiasis nationwide by 2020, The People's Republic of China has initiated the surveillance-response stage to identify remaining sources of infection and potential pockets from where the disease could reemerge. Shifting the focus from classical monitoring and evaluation to rapid detection and immediate response, this approach requires modelling to bridge the surveillance and response components. We review here studies relevant to schistosomiasis modelling in a Chinese surveillance-response system with the expectation to achieve a practically useful understanding of the current situation and potential future study directions. We also present useful experience that could tentatively be applied in other endemic regions in the world. Modelling is discussed at length as it plays an essential role, both with regard to the intermediate snail host and in the definitive, mammal hosts. Research gaps with respect to snail infection, animal hosts and sectoral research cooperation are identified and examined against the prevailing background of ecosystem and socioeconomic changes with a focus on coexisting challenges and opportunities in a situation with increasing financial constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - L Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - S Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - J-F Xu
- Hubei University for Nationalities, The People's Republic of China
| | - R Bergquist
- Geospatial Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G-J Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|