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Casarrubias-Tabarez B, Rivera-Fernández N, Alarcón-Herrera N, Guerrero-Palomo G, Rojas-Lemus M, López-Valdez N, Anacleto-Santos J, Gonzalez-Villalva A, Ustarroz-Cano M, Fortoul TI. Evaluation of genotoxic damage, production reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in Plasmodium yoelii yoelii exposed to sodium metavanadate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104465. [PMID: 38734396 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Malaria represents the greatest global health burden among all parasitic diseases, with drug resistance representing the primary obstacle to control efforts. Sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) exhibits antimalarial activity against the Plasmodium yoelii yoelii (Pyy), yet its precise antimalarial mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to assess the antimalarial potential of NaVO3, evaluate its genotoxicity, and determine the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in Pyy. CD-1 mice were infected and divided into two groups: one treated orally with NaVO3 (10 mg/kg/day for 4 days) and the other untreated. A 50% decrease in parasitemia was observed in treated mice. All experimental days demonstrated DNA damage in exposed parasites, along with an increase in ROS and RNS on the fifth day, suggesting a possible parasitostatic effect. The results indicate that DNA is a target of NaVO3, but further studies are necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying its antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Casarrubias-Tabarez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Norma Rivera-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Norberto Alarcón-Herrera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico; Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México.
| | - Gabriela Guerrero-Palomo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Av. IPN No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Rojas-Lemus
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Nelly López-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Jhony Anacleto-Santos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Adriana Gonzalez-Villalva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Martha Ustarroz-Cano
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Teresa I Fortoul
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico.
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Granato JDT, Silva ETD, Lemos ASDO, Machado PDA, Midlej VDV, Antinarelli LMR, Silva Neto AFD, Souza MVN, Coimbra ES. 4-Quinolinylhydrazone analogues kill Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis by inducing apoptosis and mitochondria-dependent pathway cell death. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14535. [PMID: 38772877 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite efforts, available alternatives for the treatment of leishmaniasis are still scarce. In this work we tested a class of 15 quinolinylhydrazone analogues and presented data that support the use of the most active compound in cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis. In general, the compounds showed activity at low concentrations for both parasitic forms (5.33-37.04 μM to promastigotes, and 14.31-61.98 μM to amastigotes). In addition, the best compound (MHZ15) is highly selective for the parasite. Biochemical studies indicate that the treatment of promastigotes with MHZ15 leads the loss of mitochondrial potential and increase in ROS levels as the primary effects, which triggers accumulation of lipid droplets, loss of plasma membrane integrity and apoptosis hallmarks, including DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine exposure. These effects were similar in the intracellular form of the parasite. However, in this parasitic form there is no change in plasma membrane integrity in the observed treatment time, which can be attributed to metabolic differences and the resilience of the amastigote. Also, ultrastructural changes such as vacuolization suggesting autophagy were observed. The in vivo effectiveness of MHZ15 in the experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis was carried out in mice of the BALB/c strain infected with L. amazonensis. The treatment by intralesional route showed that MHZ15 acted with great efficiency with significantly reduction in the parasite load in the injured paws and draining lymph nodes, without clinical signs of distress or compromise of animal welfare. In vivo toxicity was also evaluated and null alterations in the levels of hepatic enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase was observed. The data presented herein demonstrates that MHZ15 exhibits a range of favorable characteristics conducive to the development of an antileishmanial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana da Trindade Granato
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson Teixeira da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ari Sérgio de Oliveira Lemos
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Almeida Machado
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor do Valle Midlej
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Ribeiro Antinarelli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Firmino da Silva Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Nora Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Brenda CT, Norma RF, P BN, E CR, Nelly LV, Marcela RL, Martha UC, I FT. Ultrastructural alterations due to sodium metavanadate treatment in the blood stages of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127314. [PMID: 37778096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a potentially mortal disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium spp. It has a wide distribution in the world and unfortunately there are several factors that make its control difficult; among which the development of pharmacological resistance to the different drugs used to treat this disease stands out, which makes it necessary to design new compounds that have an antimalarial effect. Previous studies have shown that vanadium has a broad antiparasitic spectrum and is also safe for the host, so the objective of this research was to evaluate the antimalarial potential of sodium metavanadate (SM) and to analyze the ultrastructural changes in parasites exposed. The method consisted of inoculating CD-1 male mice with Plasmodium yoelii yoelii and administering a 10 mg/kg/day dose of SM orally for 4 days. On the fifth day, whole blood samples were obtained, processed for ultrastructural analysis, and the changes in the different parasite stages were compared against the control. Our results showed that SM decreased parasitemia compared to the group that did not receive treatment and modified the ultrastructure in all parasitic stages because it damaged the membranes, causing alterations mainly in the nucleus and in the mitochondria as well as the loss of cellular organization, which could affect the integrity of these parasites and decrease its viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casarrubias-Tabarez Brenda
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rivera-Fernández Norma
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. School of Medicine, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Bizarro-Nevares P
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Carrasco-Ramírez E
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. School of Medicine, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; Microscopy Unit, School of Medicine, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - López-Valdez Nelly
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rojas-Lemus Marcela
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Ustarroz-Cano Martha
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Fortoul Teresa I
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico.
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Romero AH, Aguilera E, Gotopo L, Cabrera G, Dávila B, Cerecetto H. Optimization of the 2-arylquinazoline-4(3 H)one scaffold for a selective and potent antitrypanosomal agent: modulation of the mechanism of action through chemical functionalization. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1992-2006. [PMID: 37859724 PMCID: PMC10583831 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify a potent and selective antitrypanosomal agent through modulation of the mechanism of action of a 2-arylquinazoline scaffold as an antitrypanosomal agent via chemical functionalization at the 4-position. We wished to use the: (i) susceptibility of trypanosomatids towards nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS); (ii) capacity of the 4-substituted quinazoline system to act as an antifolate agent. Three quinazolin-based moieties that differed from each other by having at the 4-position key pharmacophores targeting the induction of NO and ROS production were evaluated in vitro against Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites and their modes of action were explored. Replacement of an oxygen moiety at the 4-position of the antifolate 2-arylquinazolin-4(3H)one by hydrazinyl and 5-nitrofuryl-hydrazinyl pharmacophores enhanced antitrypanosomatid activity significantly due to promotion of an additional mechanism beyond the antifolate response such as NO or ROS production, respectively. Among the three types of chemical functionalization, the 5-nitrofuryl-hydrazinyl moiety generated the most potent compounds. Compound 3b was a potential candidate thanks to its sub-micromolar response against the promastigotes/amastigotes of L. infantum and epimastigote of T. cruzi, moderate toxicity on macrophages (J774.1), good selectivity index (∼15.1-17.6) and, importantly, non-mutagenic effects. 2-Arylquinazoline could be an attractive platform to design new anti-trypanosomatid agents with the use of key pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel H Romero
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica Igual 4225 11400 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Elena Aguilera
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica Igual 4225 11400 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Lourdes Gotopo
- Laboratorio de Síntesis de Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela Los Chaguaramos Caracas 1041-A Venezuela
| | - Gustavo Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Síntesis de Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela Los Chaguaramos Caracas 1041-A Venezuela
| | - Belén Dávila
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica Igual 4225 11400 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica Igual 4225 11400 Montevideo Uruguay
- Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica Mataojo 42055 11400 Montevideo Uruguay
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Hashmi K, Gupta S, Siddique A, Khan T, Joshi S. Medicinal applications of vanadium complexes with Schiff bases. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127245. [PMID: 37406475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Many transition metal complexes have been explored for their therapeutic properties after the discovery of cisplatin. Schiff bases have an efficient complexation tendency with the transition metals and several medicinal properties have been reported. However, fewer studies have reported the medicinal utility of vanadium and its Schiff base complexes. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of vanadium complexes with Schiff bases along with their mechanistic insight. Vanadium complexes in + 4 and + 5 oxidation states have exhibited well-defined geometry and found to be thermodynamically stable. The studies have reported the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and decreased delta psi m, inducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization in cancer cell lines along with the alterations in the metabolism of the cancer cells upon dosing with the vanadium complexes. Cancer cell invasion and growth are also found to be markedly reduced by peroxo complexes of vanadium. The studies included in the review paper have been taken from leading indexing databases and focus was laid on recent reports in literature. The biological potential of vanadium complexes of Schiff bases opens new horizons for future interdisciplinary studies and investigation focussed on understanding the biochemistry of these complexes, along with designing new complexes which have better bioavailability, solubility and low or non-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulsum Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, UP 226007, India
| | - Sakshi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, UP 226007, India
| | - Armeen Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, UP 226007, India
| | - Tahmeena Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, UP 226026, India
| | - Seema Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, UP 226007, India.
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Brenda CT, Norma RF, Marcela RL, Nelly LV, Teresa F. Vanadium compounds as antiparasitic agents: An approach to their mechanisms of action. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127201. [PMID: 37210920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic infections are a public health problem since they have high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In parasitosis such as malaria, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis it is necessary to develop new compounds for their treatment since an increase in drug resistance and toxic effects have been observed. Therefore, the use of different compounds that couple vanadium in their structure and that have a broad spectrum against different parasites have been proposed experimentally. OBJECTIVE Report the mechanisms of action exerted by vanadium in different parasites. CONCLUSION In this review, some of the targets that vanadium compounds have were identified and it was observed that they have a broad spectrum against different parasites, which represents an advance to continue investigating therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casarrubias-Tabarez Brenda
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rivera-Fernández Norma
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rojas-Lemus Marcela
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - López-Valdez Nelly
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fortoul Teresa
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Therapeutic Properties of Vanadium Complexes. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10120244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is a hard, silver-grey transition metal found in at least 60 minerals and fossil fuel deposits. Its oxide and other vanadium salts are toxic to humans, but the toxic effects depend on the vanadium form, dose, exposure duration, and route of intoxication. Vanadium is used by some life forms as an active center in enzymes, such as the vanadium bromoperoxidase of ocean algae and nitrogenases of bacteria. The structure and biochemistry of vanadate resemble those of phosphate, hence vanadate can be regarded as a phosphate competitor in a variety of biochemical enzymes such as kinases and phosphatases. In this review, we describe the biochemical pathways regulated by vanadium compounds and their potential therapeutic benefits for a range of disorders including type 2 diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and microbial pathology.
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Sharma S, Das D, Sadhu B, Sharma N. Vanadium(IV) coordination complexes with excellent biological activities: a synthetic, characterization, and density functional theory approach. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Debasish Das
- Waste Management Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Biswajit Sadhu
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
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Abstract
A major problem with patient treatments using anticancer compounds is accompanying bacterial infections, which makes more information on how such compounds impact bacterial growth desirable. In the following study, we investigated the growth effects of an anticancerous non-toxic Schiff base oxidovanadium(V) complex (N-(salicylideneaminato)-N′-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine) coordinated to the 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholato ligand on a representative bacterium, Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smeg). We prepared the Schiff base V-complexes as reported previously and selected a few complexes to develop a V-complex series. Biological studies of M. smeg growth inhibition were complemented by spectroscopic studies using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and NMR spectroscopy to determine which complexes were intact under biologically relevant conditions. We specifically chose to examine (1) the growth effects of Schiff base oxidovanadium complexes coordinated to a catechol, (2) the growth effects of respective free catecholates on M. smeg, and (3) to identify complexes where the metal coordination complex was more potent than the ligand alone under biological conditions. Results from these studies showed that the observed effects of Schiff base V-catecholate complex are a combination of catechol properties including toxicity, hydrophobicity, and sterics.
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Abstract
Traditional organic antimicrobials mainly act on specific biochemical processes such as replication, transcription and translation. However, the emergence and wide spread of microbial resistance is a growing threat for human beings. Therefore, it is highly necessary to design strategies for the development of new drugs in order to target multiple cellular processes that should improve their efficiency against several microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses or fungi. The present review is focused on recent advances and findings of new antimicrobial strategies based on metal complexes. Recent studies indicate that some metal ions cause different types of damages to microbial cells as a result of membrane degradation, protein dysfunction and oxidative stress. These unique modes of action, combined with the wide range of three-dimensional geometries that metal complexes can adopt, make them suitable for the development of new antimicrobial drugs.
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Priya B, Kumar A, Sharma N. Synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of oxidovanadium(IV) complexes of acetylsalicylhydroxamic acid ( N-acetyloxy-2-hydroxybenzamide) as potential antimicrobials. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820907563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New oxidovanadium(IV) complexes of composition [VO(AcSHA)2] 1 and [VO(acac)(AcSHA)] 2 are synthesized by reactions of VOSO4.5H2O and [VO(acac)2] with acetylsalicylhydroxamic acid AcSH2A (C6H4(OH)(CONHOCOCH3)) in a 1:2 molar ratio in absolute ethanol. The compounds are characterized by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and mass spectrometry along with elemental analyses, molar conductivity, and magnetic moment measurements. The infrared spectra of the complexes suggest bonding through carbonyl and phenolic oxygen atoms (O,O coordination). The magnetic moment, electron spin resonance, and mass spectra of the complexes indicate that both exist as monomers, and a distorted square pyramidal geometry around vanadium is proposed. The thermal behavior of the complexes is studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis techniques under an N2 atmosphere, yielding VO2 as the decomposition product. The in vitro antimicrobial assays against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi (minimum inhibitory concentration method) show the appreciable antimicrobial potential relative to the respective standard drugs, tetracycline hydrochloride, and fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Priya
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
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Priya B, Kumar A, Sharma N. Synthesis, Characterisation, and Biological Properties of Oxidovanadium(IV) 3,5-Dinitrosalicylhydroxamate Complexes. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The new oxidovanadium(iv) complexes of composition [VO(3,5(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CONHO)2] 1 and [VO(acac)(3,5(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CONHO)] 2 (where acac=(CH3COCHCOCH3)–] have been synthesised by the reactions of VOSO4·5H2O and [VO(acac)2] with potassium 3,5-dinitrosalicylhydroxamate (3,5-(NO2)2SHK) and characterised by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic moment measurements and FT-IR, UV-vis, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. Infrared spectra of complexes have indicated bonding through oxygen atoms of carbonyl and hydroxamic groups (O,O coordination). The magnetic moment, ESR, and mass spectra of the complexes suggested their monomeric nature, and a distorted square-pyramidal geometry around the vanadium has tentatively been proposed. The electrochemical behaviour of 1 and 2 has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Thermal behaviour of the complexes studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis techniques has yielded VO2 as the decomposition product. The invitro antimicrobial activity of the ligand and complexes has been assayed against pathogenic bacteria and fungi by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The invitro antioxidant activity of the complexes has been determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method.
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14
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Tavares GS, Mendonça DV, Lage DP, Antinarelli LM, Soyer TG, Senna AJ, Matos GF, Dias DS, Ribeiro PA, Batista JP, Poletto JM, Brandão GC, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Pereira GR, Coimbra ES, Coelho EA. In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of a fluoroquinoline derivate against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis species. Acta Trop 2019; 191:29-37. [PMID: 30586571 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutics against leishmaniasis are desirable, since the current drugs applied against this disease complex presents problems, such as the toxicity, high cost and/or parasite resistance. In the present study, a new fluoroquinoline derivate, namely 7-chloro-N-(4-fluorophenethyl)quinolin-4-amine or GF1061, was evaluated regarding to its in vitro antileishmanial action against Leishmania infantum and L. amazonensis species, as well as by its toxicity in mammalian cells and efficacy in the treatment of infected macrophages. The mechanism of action of this molecule in L. amazonensis and the therapeutic efficacy in infected BALB/c mice were also evaluated. Results showed that GF1061 was effective against both parasite species, showing selectivity index (SI) of 38.7 and 42.7 against L. infantum and L. amazonensis promastigotes, respectively, and of 45.0 and 48.9 against the amastigotes, respectively. Amphotericin B (AmpB), used as control, showed SI values of 6.6 and 8.8 against L. infantum and L. amazonensis promastigotes, respectively, and of 2.2 and 2.7 against the amastigotes, respectively. The molecule was effective in treat infected macrophages, as well as it induced alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in the reactive oxygen species production, and in the cell integrity of the parasites. Regarding to the in vivo experiments, BALB/c mice (n = 8 per group) were subcutaneously infected with 106L. amazonensis stationary promastigotes and, 60 days post-infection, they received saline or were treated during 10 days, once a day, with AmpB (1 mg/kg body weight) or GF1061 (5 mg/kg body weight). One day after the treatment, the infected tissue, spleen, liver, and draining lymph node (dLN) of the animals were collected, and the parasite load was evaluated. GF1061-treated mice, as compared to the saline and AmpB groups, showed significant reductions in the parasitism in the infected tissue (66% and 62%, respectively), liver (69% and 44%, respectively), spleen (71% and 38%, respectively), and dLN (72% and 48%, respectively). In conclusion, results suggested that GF1061 may be considered as a possible therapeutic target to be evaluated against leishmaniasis in other mammalian hosts.
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15
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Ong YC, Roy S, Andrews PC, Gasser G. Metal Compounds against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Chem Rev 2018; 119:730-796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yih Ching Ong
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
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Calixto SL, Glanzmann N, Xavier Silveira MM, da Trindade Granato J, Gorza Scopel KK, Torres de Aguiar T, DaMatta RA, Macedo GC, da Silva AD, Coimbra ES. Novel organic salts based on quinoline derivatives: The in vitro activity trigger apoptosis inhibiting autophagy in Leishmania spp. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 293:141-151. [PMID: 30098941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are infectious diseases, caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus. These drugs present high toxicity, long-term administration, many adverse effects and are expensive, besides the identification of resistant parasites. In this work, the antileishmanial activity of quinoline derivative salts (QDS) was evaluated, as well as the toxicity on mammalian cells and the mechanism of action of the most promising compound. Among the compound tested, only the compound QDS3 showed activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania spp., being more active against the intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis-GFP (IC50 of 5.48 μM). This value is very close to the one observed for miltefosine (IC50 of 4.05 μM), used as control drug. Furthermore, the compound QDS3 exhibited a selective effect, being 40.35 times more toxic to the amastigote form than to the host cell. Additionally, promastigotes of L. amazonensis treated with this compound exhibited characteristics of cells in the process of apoptosis such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization, mitochondrial swelling, increase of ROS production, phosphatidylserine externalization, reduced and rounded shape, and cell cycle alteration. The integrity of the plasma membrane remained unaltered, excluding necrosis in treated promastigotes. The compound QDS3 inhibited the formation of autophagic vacuoles, which may have contributed to parasite death by preventing autophagic mechanisms in the removal of damaged organelles, intensifying the damage caused by the treatment, highlighting the antileishmanial effect of this compound. In addition, treatment with QDS3 induced increased ROS levels in L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, but not in uninfected host cell. These data reinforce that the induction of oxidative stress is one of the main toxic effects caused by the treatment with the compound QDS3 in L. amazonensis, causing irreversible damage and triggering a selective death of intracellular parasites. Data shown here confirm the biological activity of quinoline derivatives and encourage future in vivo studies with this compound in the murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Lima Calixto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Glanzmann
- Departamento de Química, I.C.E, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Maria Xavier Silveira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Trindade Granato
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Kezia Katiani Gorza Scopel
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Torres de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Renato Augusto DaMatta
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Gilson Costa Macedo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Adilson David da Silva
- Departamento de Química, I.C.E, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
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17
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Dorsey BM, McLauchlan CC, Jones MA. Evidence That Speciation of Oxovanadium Complexes Does Not Solely Account for Inhibition of Leishmania Acid Phosphatases. Front Chem 2018; 6:109. [PMID: 29707535 PMCID: PMC5906595 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease affecting a diverse spectra of populations, with 1.6 million new cases reported each year. Current treatment options are costly and have harsh side effects. New therapeutic options that have been previously identified, but still underappreciated as potential pharmaceutical targets, are Leishmania secreted acid phosphatases (SAP). These acid phosphatases, which are reported to play a role in the survival of the parasite in the sand fly vector, and in homing to the host macrophage, are inhibited by orthovanadate and decavanadate. Here, we use L. tarentolae to further evaluate these inhibitors. Using enzyme assays, and UV-visible spectroscopy, we investigate which oxovanadium starting material (orthovanadate or decavanadate) is a better inhibitor of L. tarentolae secreted acid phosphatase activity in vitro at the same total moles of vanadium. Considering speciation and total vanadium concentration, decavanadate is a consistently better inhibitor of SAP in our conditions, especially at low substrate:inhibitor ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Dorsey
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Craig C McLauchlan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Marjorie A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
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18
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Bruni N, Stella B, Giraudo L, Della Pepa C, Gastaldi D, Dosio F. Nanostructured delivery systems with improved leishmanicidal activity: a critical review. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5289-5311. [PMID: 28794624 PMCID: PMC5536235 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are responsible for numerous clinical manifestations, such as cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, depending on the site of infection for particular species. These complexities threaten 350 million people in 98 countries worldwide. Amastigotes living within macrophage phagolysosomes are the principal target of antileishmanial treatment, but these are not an easy target as drugs must overcome major structural barriers. Furthermore, limitations on current therapy are related to efficacy, toxicity, and cost, as well as the length of treatment, which can increase parasitic resistance. Nanotechnology has emerged as an attractive alternative as conventional drugs delivered by nanosized carriers have improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity, together with other characteristics that help to relieve the burden of this disease. The significance of using colloidal carriers loaded with active agents derives from the physiological uptake route of intravenous administered nanosystems (the phagocyte system). Nanosystems are thus able to promote a high drug concentration in intracellular mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)-infected cells. Moreover, the versatility of nanometric drug delivery systems for the deliberate transport of a range of molecules plays a pivotal role in the design of therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis. This review discusses studies on nanocarriers that have greatly contributed to improving the efficacy of antileishmaniasis drugs, presenting a critical review and some suggestions for improving drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Stella
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Della Pepa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Gastaldi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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19
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Maurya MR, Uprety B, Avecilla F, Adão P, Kuznetsov ML, Costa Pessoa J. Solution Behaviour and Catalytic Potential towards Oxidation of Dopamine by Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes of Tripodal Tetradentate Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mannar R. Maurya
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; 247667 Roorkee India
| | - Bhawna Uprety
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; 247667 Roorkee India
| | - Fernando Avecilla
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade da Coruña; Campus de A Zapateira 15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Pedro Adão
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade Lisboa; 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maxim L. Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade Lisboa; 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - J. Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade Lisboa; 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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20
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VOSalophen: a vanadium complex with a stilbene derivative—induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and efficiency in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:929-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Stroppa PH, Antinarelli LM, Carmo AM, Gameiro J, Coimbra ES, da Silva AD. Effect of 1,2,3-triazole salts, non-classical bioisosteres of miltefosine, on Leishmania amazonensis. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3034-3045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Rehder D. Implications of vanadium in technical applications and pharmaceutical issues. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Antinarelli LMR, Souza IDO, Glanzmann N, Almeida ADC, Porcino GN, Vasconcelos EG, da Silva AD, Coimbra ES. Aminoquinoline compounds: Effect of 7-chloro-4-quinolinylhydrazone derivatives against Leishmania amazonensis. Exp Parasitol 2016; 171:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Coimbra ES, Antinarelli LMR, Silva NP, Souza IO, Meinel RS, Rocha MN, Soares RPP, da Silva AD. Quinoline derivatives: Synthesis, leishmanicidal activity and involvement of mitochondrial oxidative stress as mechanism of action. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:50-57. [PMID: 27789199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis comprise a spectrum of diseases caused by protozoa parasites from the genus Leishmania, affecting millions of people worldwide, mainly in subtropical countries. Most antileishmanial drugs are highly toxic, present resistance issues or require long-term treatment. Consequently, new drugs are urgently needed. Quinoline-containing compounds have displayed an impressive array of biological properties over the years, including antileishmanial activity. In the present study, we report the synthesis and evaluation of novel quinoline derivatives (QuinDer) against Leishmania species and cytotoxic effect on mammalian cells. The ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential analyses were also studied. The compound QuinDer1 showed activity on L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis promastigotes and this compound exhibited a strong inhibition of the proliferation of L. amazonensis amastigotes at nM concentration (IC50 of 0.0911 μM), being 139 times more active than miltefosine (IC50 of 12.7 μM), used as reference drug. This compound presents low cytotoxicity toward murine macrophages and human erythrocytes. In addition, promastigotes of L. amazonensis treated with the compound QuinDer1 present high generation of ROS levels with low alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and maintenance of parasite membrane integrity. No substantial NO production in infected-macrophages treated with this compound was detected. These results suggest that the compound QuinDer 1 is a potent and selective antileishmanial agent by mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B., Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Luciana M R Antinarelli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B., Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Natália P Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B., Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela O Souza
- Departamento de Química, I.C.E., Universidade Federal Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Raissa S Meinel
- Departamento de Química, I.C.E., Universidade Federal Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Marcele N Rocha
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P P Soares
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adilson D da Silva
- Departamento de Química, I.C.E., Universidade Federal Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
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25
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Castelli G, Bruno F, Vitale F, Roberti M, Colomba C, Giacomini E, Guidotti L, Cascio A, Tolomeo M. In vitro antileishmanial activity of trans-stilbene and terphenyl compounds. Exp Parasitol 2016; 166:1-9. [PMID: 26953250 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis are globally widespread parasitic diseases which often leads to death if left untreated. Currently available drugs present different drawbacks, so there is an urgent need to develop new, safe and cost-effective drugs against leishmaniasis. In this study we tested a small library of trans-stilbene and terphenyl derivatives against promastigote, amastigotes and intramacrophage amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum. Two compounds of the series, the trans-stilbene 3 and the terphenyl 11, presented the best activity and safety profiles. Terphenyl 11 showed a leshmanicidal activity higher than pentostam and the ability to induce apoptosis selectively in Leishmania infantum while saving macrophages and primary epithelial cells. Our data indicate that terphenyl compounds, as well as stilbenes, are endowed with leishmanicidal activity, showing potential for further studies in the context of leishmanial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Castelli
- National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Bruno
- National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vitale
- National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Colomba
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa Giacomini
- D3 Compunet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Guidotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manlio Tolomeo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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26
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Studies of the Effectiveness of Bisphosphonate and Vanadium-Bisphosphonate Compounds In Vitro against Axenic Leishmania tarentolae. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9025627. [PMID: 27034744 PMCID: PMC4789522 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9025627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease that is a significant problem for people, especially in tropical regions of the world. Current drug therapies to treat the disease are expensive, not very effective, and/or of significant side effects. A series of alkyl bisphosphonate compounds and one amino bisphosphonate compound, as well as alendronate and zoledronate, were tested as potential agents against Leishmania tarentolae. Also, two polyoxometalates (POMs) with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate ligands, vanadium/alendronate (V5(Ale)2) and vanadium/zoledronate (V3(Zol)3), were tested against L. tarentolae and compared to the results of the alendronate and zoledronate ligands alone. Of the compounds evaluated in this study, the V5(Ale)2 and V3(Zol)3 complexes were most effective in inhibiting the growth of L. tarentolae. The V5(Ale)2 complex had a larger impact on cell growth than either alendronate or orthovanadate alone, whereas zoledronate itself has a significant effect on cell growth, which may contribute to the activity of the V3(Zol)3 complex.
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Abstract
Vanadium is omnipresent in trace amounts in the environment, in food and also in the human body, where it might serve as a regulator for phosphate-dependent proteins. Potential vanadium-based formulations--inorganic and coordination compounds with organic ligands--commonly underlie speciation in the body, that is, they are converted to vanadate(V), oxidovanadium(IV) and to complexes with the body's own ligand systems. Vanadium compounds have been shown to be potentially effective against diabetes Type 2, malign tumors including cancer, endemic tropical diseases (such as trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and amoebiasis), bacterial infections (tuberculosis and pneumonia) and HIV infections. Furthermore, vanadium drugs can be operative in cardio- and neuro-protection. So far, vanadium compounds have not yet been approved as pharmaceuticals for clinical use.
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