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Yaneva Z, Ivanova D, Toneva M, Tzanova M, Marutsova V, Grozeva N. Menadione Contribution to the In Vitro Radical Scavenging Potential of Phytochemicals Naringenin and Lignin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16268. [PMID: 38003457 PMCID: PMC10671743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K3 (menadione), classified as a pro-vitamin, is a synthetic form of the fat-soluble family of vitamin K compounds. The combination of the vitamin with other molecules sharing structural and/or functional similarities, such as naturally occurring polyphenols, vitamins, or biopolymers, could potentiate mutual improvement of their antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role and contribution of vitamin K3 to the in vitro radical scavenging capacity of double and triple combinations with the phytochemicals naringenin and lignin, as well as assess possible intermolecular interactions between the bioactive compounds. Comparative analyses of the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of the pure substances vitamin K3, naringenin, and lignin; the two-component systems lignin/vitamin K3 and vitamin K3/naringenin; and the triple combination vitamin K3/flavonoid/lignin were carried out. The experimental results demonstrated increased DPPH and ABTS activities of the vitamin in combination with lignin compared to those of the two pure substances, i.e., a synergistic effect was observed. The registered significant increases in the radical scavenging activity of the triple combination determined via both methods are indicative of a remarkable potentiation effect, i.e., higher antioxidant potential exceeding the additive activity of the three pure substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Donika Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Monika Toneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Milena Tzanova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Vanya Marutsova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Neli Grozeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (M.T.); (N.G.)
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Silva LMN, França WWM, Santos VHB, Souza RAF, Silva AM, Diniz EGM, Aguiar TWA, Rocha JVR, Souza MAA, Nascimento WRC, Lima Neto RG, Cruz Filho IJ, Ximenes ECPA, Araújo HDA, Aires AL, Albuquerque MCPA. Plumbagin: A Promising In Vivo Antiparasitic Candidate against Schistosoma mansoni and In Silico Pharmacokinetic Properties (ADMET). Biomedicines 2023; 11:2340. [PMID: 37760782 PMCID: PMC10525874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a potentially fatal chronic disease whose etiological agents are blood trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma spp., is one of the most prevalent and debilitating neglected diseases. The treatment of schistosomiasis depends exclusively on praziquantel (PZQ), a drug that has been used since the 1970s and that already has reports of reduced therapeutic efficacy, related with the development of Schistosoma-resistant or -tolerant strains. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic alternatives is an urgent need. Plumbagin (PLUM), a naphthoquinone isolated from the roots of plants of the genus Plumbago, has aroused interest in research due to its antiparasitic properties against protozoa and helminths. Here, we evaluated the in vivo schistosomicidal potential of PLUM against Schistosoma mansoni and the in silico pharmacokinetic parameters. ADMET parameters and oral bioavailability were evaluated using the PkCSM and SwissADME platforms, respectively. The study was carried out with five groups of infected mice and divided as follows: an untreated control group, a control group treated with PZQ, and three groups treated orally with 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg of PLUM. After treatment, the Kato-Katz technique was performed to evaluate a quantity of eggs in the feces (EPG). The animals were euthanized for worm recovery, intestine samples were collected to evaluate the oviposition pattern, the load of eggs was determined on the hepatic and intestinal tissues and for the histopathological and histomorphometric evaluation of tissue and hepatic granulomas. PLUM reduced EPG by 65.27, 70.52, and 82.49%, reduced the total worm load by 46.7, 55.25, and 72.4%, and the female worm load by 44.01, 52.76, and 71.16%, for doses of 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg, respectively. PLUM also significantly reduced the number of immature eggs and increased the number of dead eggs in the oogram. A reduction of 36.11, 46.46, and 64.14% in eggs in the hepatic tissue, and 57.22, 65.18, and 80.5% in the intestinal tissue were also observed at doses of 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg, respectively. At all doses, PLUM demonstrated an effect on the histopathological and histomorphometric parameters of the hepatic granuloma, with a reduction of 41.11, 48.47, and 70.55% in the numerical density of the granulomas and 49.56, 57.63, and 71.21% in the volume, respectively. PLUM presented itself as a promising in vivo antiparasitic candidate against S. mansoni, acting not only on parasitological parameters but also on hepatic granuloma. Furthermore, in silico, PLUM showed good predictive pharmacokinetic profiles by ADMET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. N. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
| | - Wilza W. M. França
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Victor H. B. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
| | - Renan A. F. Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
| | - Adriana M. Silva
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
| | - Emily G. M. Diniz
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Thierry W. A. Aguiar
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - João V. R. Rocha
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Mary A. A. Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfotecnologia, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.A.A.S.); (I.J.C.F.)
| | - Wheverton R. C. Nascimento
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfotecnologia, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.A.A.S.); (I.J.C.F.)
- Centro de Ciências Médicas—Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo G. Lima Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Centro de Ciências Médicas—Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo J. Cruz Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfotecnologia, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.A.A.S.); (I.J.C.F.)
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Eulália C. P. A. Ximenes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Hallysson D. A. Araújo
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - André L. Aires
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfotecnologia, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.A.A.S.); (I.J.C.F.)
- Centro de Ciências Médicas—Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica C. P. A. Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Centro de Ciências Médicas—Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
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de Souza AS, Ribeiro RCB, Costa DCS, Pauli FP, Pinho DR, de Moraes MG, da Silva FDC, Forezi LDSM, Ferreira VF. Menadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:381-419. [PMID: 35529893 PMCID: PMC9039524 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are important natural or synthetic compounds belonging to the general class of quinones. Many compounds in this class have become drugs that are on the pharmaceutical market for the treatment of various diseases. A special naphthoquinone derivative is menadione, a synthetic naphthoquinone belonging to the vitamin K group. This compound can be synthesized by different methods and it has a broad range of biological and synthetic applications, which will be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acácio S de Souza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, CEP 24241-002, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Ruan Carlos B Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, CEP 24241-002, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Dora C S Costa
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernanda P Pauli
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - David R Pinho
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus G de Moraes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana da S M Forezi
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, CEP 24241-002, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
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Yang ZY, Liu ZH, Zhang YN, Li C, Liu L, Pu WJ, Xie SQ, Xu J, Xia CM. Synergistic effect of combination chemotherapy with praziquantel and DW-3-15 for Schistosoma japonicum in vitro and in vivo. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:550. [PMID: 34702326 PMCID: PMC8549225 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a debilitating and neglected tropical disease for which praziquantel (PZQ) remains the first-choice drug for treatment and control of the disease. In our previous studies, we found that the patented compound DW-3-15 (patent no. ZL201110142538.2) displayed significant and stabilized antiparasitic activity through a mechanism that might be distinct from PZQ. Here, we investigated the antischistosomal efficacy of PZQ combined with DW-3-15 against schistosomula and adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum in vitro and in vivo, to verify whether there was a synergistic effect of the two compounds. METHODS The antischistosomal efficacy of PZQ combined with DW-3-15 in comparison with an untreated control and monotherapy group against schistosomula and adult worms was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Parasitological studies, scanning electron microscopy, combination index, and histopathological analysis were used for the assessment. RESULTS The results showed significantly reduced viability of schistosomes, achieving 100% viability reduction for juveniles and males by combination chemotherapy using PZQ together with DW-3-15 in vitro. The combination index was 0.28, 0.27, and 0.53 at the higher concentration of PZQ combined with DW-3-15 against juveniles, males, and females, respectively, indicating that the two compounds display strong synergism. Scanning electron microscopy observations also demonstrated that the compound combination induced more severe and extensive alterations to the tegument and subtegument of S. japonicum than those with each compound alone. In vivo, compared with the single-compound-treated group, the group treated with the higher-dose combination demonstrated the best schistosomicidal efficacy, with significantly reduced worm burden, egg burden, and granuloma count and area, which was evident against schistosomula and adult worms. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a potential novel chemotherapy for schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum. It would improve the antischistosomal effect on schistosomula and adult worms of S. japonicum, and decrease individual dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yin Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Wen-Jie Pu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Shi-Qi Xie
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Chao-Ming Xia
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
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Antiparasitic dibenzalacetone inhibits the GTPase activity of Rab6 protein of Leishmania donovani (LdRab6), a potential target for its antileishmanial effect. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2991-3003. [PMID: 32748038 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also known as kala-azar) is a vector borne disease caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. To overcome the limitations of currently available drugs for VL, molecular target-based study is a promising tool to develop new drugs to treat this neglected tropical disease. One such target we recently identified from L. donovani (Ld) genome (WGS, clinical Indian isolate; BHU 1220, AVPQ01000001) is a small GTP-binding protein, Rab6 protein. We now report a specific inhibitor of the GTPase activity of Rab6 protein of L. donovani (LdRab6) without restricting host enzyme activity. First, to understand the nature of LdRab6 protein, we generated recombinant LdRab6 mutant proteins (rLdRab6) by systematically introducing deletion (two cysteine residues at C-terminal) and mutations [single amino acid substitutions in the conserved region of GTP (Q84L)/GDP(T38N) coding sequence]. The GTPase activity of rLdRab6:GTP and rLdRab6:GDP locked mutant proteins showed ~ 8-fold and ~ 1.5-fold decreases in enzyme activity, respectively, compared to the wild type enzyme activity. The mutant protein rLdRab6:ΔC inhibited the GTPase activity. Sequence alignment analysis of Rab6 protein of L. donovani with Homo sapiens showed identical amino acids in the G conserved region (GTP/GDP-binding sites) but it differed in the C-terminal region. We then evaluated the inhibitory activity of trans-dibenzalacetone (DBA, a synthetic analog of curcumin with strong antileishmanial activity reported earlier by us) in the GTPase activity of LdRab6 protein. Comparative molecular docking analysis of DBA and specific inhibitors of Rab proteins (Lovastatin, BFA, Zoledronate, and NE10790) indicated that DBA had optimum binding affinity with LdRab6 protein. This was further confirmed by the GTPase activity of DBA-treated LdRab6 which showed a basal GTP level significantly lower than that of the wild-type rLdRab6. The results confirm that DBA inhibits the GTPase activity of LdRab6 protein from L. donovani (LdRab6), a potential target for its antileishmanial effect.
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In vitro activity of usnic acid potassium salt against different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni: An ultrastructural study. Acta Trop 2020; 201:105159. [PMID: 31491401 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the control of schistosomiasis is based on a single drug, praziquantel, which is effective against all species of Schistosoma but only in the adult stage, presenting a schistosomicidal deficit at the other developmental stages of the parasites. Recently our research group has demonstrated that the potassium salt of usnic acid (PS-UA) presented schistosomicidal property against couples of adult worms of S. mansoni. Thus, the present study seeks to report for the first time the in vitro activity of PS-UA against different developmental stages of S. mansoni (schistosomules and young worms). As schistosomicide parameters, we evaluated motility, mortality, cell viability of the worms and tegument changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 3 h exposure, PS-UA was lethal to schistosomules at concentrations of 100 and 50 μM, whereas for concentrations 25 and 12.5 μM, 38 and 18% of mortality and 62 and 24% changes in motility, respectively, were reached. Yet for schistosomules, concentration of 25 μM caused 90 and 100% of death after 6 and 12 h, respectively. In the concentration of 12.5 μM at intervals of 12 and 24 h mortality was 68 and 100%, respectively. For young worms, after 3 h of exposure at concentrations of 200 and 100 μM caused 57 and 27% mortality, respectively. After 12 and 24 h, these concentrations caused mortality of 90 and 100% and 47 and 60% respectively. After 24 h, concentrations of 50 and 25 μM caused 80 and 30% change in motility, respectively. However, at the 12.5 μM concentration no change was observed. In addition, PS-UA reduced the cellular viability of young worms by 50.98% and 85.87% at concentrations of 100 and 200 μM, respectively. In both stages of worms and at different exposure intervals, PS-UA caused alterations such as: dorsoventral contraction, peeling, swelling, blisters, erosion, exposure of subtegumental tissue and disintegration of tegument. According to the results, changes in motility and mortality caused by PS-UA against schistosomules and young worms were concentration and time-dependents, also PS-UA even at low concentration, was able to cause profound ultrastructural changes in the integument of the worms. PS-UA is a promising candidate as prophylactic agent in the control of schistosomiasis mansoni.
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Wang X, Yu D, Li C, Zhan T, Zhang T, Ma H, Xu J, Xia C. In vitro and in vivo activities of DW-3-15, a commercial praziquantel derivative, against Schistosoma japonicum. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:199. [PMID: 31053083 PMCID: PMC6500042 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a debilitating neglected tropical disease that affects approximately 190 million people around the world. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug available for use against all Schistosoma species. Although PZQ has a high efficacy, recognized concerns have prompted the development of new, alternative drugs for repeated use in endemic areas where PZQ efficacy against strains of Schistosoma is reduced. A hybrid drug containing different pharmacophores within a single molecule is a promising strategy. Our earlier in vivo studies showed the significant antiparasitic activity of a praziquantel derivative, DW-3-15, against Schistosoma japonicum. In the present study, DW-3-15 was synthesized in large amounts by a pharmaceutical company and its schistosomicidal efficacy and stability were further confirmed. Parameters such as parasite viability, pairing and oviposition were evaluated in vitro. An in vivo study was conducted to assess the effect of commercial DW-3-15 on worm burden, egg production and diameter of granulomas. Additionally, to gain insight into the mechanism of action for DW-3-15, morphological changes in the tegument of S. japonicum were also examined. Results The in vitro study showed the antiparasitic activity of DW-3-15 against S. japonicum, with significant reductions in viability of adult and juvenile worms, worm pairings and egg output. Compared to PZQ, DW-3-15 induced similar ultrastructural changes and evident destruction of the tegument surface in male worms. In vivo, the oral administration of DW-3-15 at a dose of 400 mg/kg per day for five consecutive days in mice significantly reduced the total worm burden and number of eggs in the liver. Histological analysis of the livers showed a marked reduction in the average diameter of the egg granuloma. Conclusions Our findings suggest that DW-3-15, a PZQ derivative with the prospect of commercial production, can be developed as a potential promising schistosomicide. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3442-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tingzheng Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chaoming Xia
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Kim M, Basharat A, Santosh R, Mehdi SF, Razvi Z, Yoo SK, Lowell B, Kumar A, Brima W, Danoff A, Dankner R, Bergman M, Pavlov VA, Yang H, Roth J. Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3072. [PMID: 30171821 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over-nutrition and its late consequences are a dominant theme in medicine today. In addition to the health hazards brought on by over-nutrition, the medical community has recently accumulated a roster of health benefits with obesity, grouped under "obesity paradox." Throughout the world and throughout history until the 20th century, under-nutrition was a dominant evolutionary force. Under-nutrition brings with it a mix of benefits and detriments that are opposite to and continuous with those of over-nutrition. This continuum yields J-shaped or U-shaped curves relating body mass index to mortality. The overweight have an elevated risk of dying in middle age of degenerative diseases while the underweight are at increased risk of premature death from infectious conditions. Micronutrient deficiencies, major concerns of nutritional science in the 20th century, are being neglected. This "hidden hunger" is now surprisingly prevalent in all weight groups, even among the overweight. Because micronutrient replacement is safe, inexpensive, and predictably effective, it is now an exceptionally attractive target for therapy across the spectrum of weight and age. Nutrition-related conditions worthy of special attention from caregivers include excess vitamin A, excess vitamin D, and deficiency of magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Kim
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Anam Basharat
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Ramchandani Santosh
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Syed F Mehdi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Zanali Razvi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Sun K Yoo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Amrat Kumar
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Wunnie Brima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ann Danoff
- Department of Medicine, Cpl. Michael J Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Dankner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
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9
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Balogun BA, Aliyu NO, Ajiboye TO. Menadione perturbs oxidative stress biomarkers and testicular function indices of rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22282. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Najeeb O. Aliyu
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology, and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical BiochemistryCollege of Health Sciences, Nile University of NigeriaFCT‐Abuja Nigeria
| | - Taofeek O. Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology, and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical BiochemistryCollege of Health Sciences, Nile University of NigeriaFCT‐Abuja Nigeria
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