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Ballados-González GG, Martínez-Hernández JM, Martínez-Rodríguez PB, Gamboa-Prieto J, González-Guzmán S, Paredes-Cervantes V, Grostieta E, Becker I, Aguilar-Domínguez M, Vieira RFC, Cruz-Romero A, Sánchez-Montes S. Molecular detection of hemotropic Mycoplasma and Bartonella species in lice from sheep and goats of Mexico. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 44:100921. [PMID: 37652638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of lice associated with small ruminants, especially sheep and goats, is scarce. In Mexico, there are historical reports of six species of chewing and sucking lice associated with Capra hircus and Ovis canadensis. However, the reports did not analyze the ecology of the infestations or the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria. For this reason, the objectives of this study were i) to identify the species of lice associated with sheep and goats in three states of the Mexican Republic, ii) to characterize the infestations, and iii) to identify the presence of bacterial pathogens. From October 2019 to August 2021, six ranches with sheep and goats were sampled in the states of Hidalgo and Veracruz. Hosts were visually inspected, and lice were retrieved with forceps. The specimens were sexed and identified using morphological taxonomic keys. DNA extraction was performed individually, and a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) was amplified for the molecular identification of the specimens. Subsequently, Anaplasma, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia were molecularly detected. Additionally, the infestations were characterized by calculating the prevalence and mean abundances. We collected 563 specimens of three species, Bovicola caprae, Bovicola ovis, and Linognathus africanus. The highest infestation levels were recorded for B. ovis (66.7%; 4.4) from Veracruz. Additionally, two Bartonella species were detected: Bartonella mellophagi in B. ovis and Bartonella capreoli in L. africanus. In contrast, Mycoplasma ovis was detected exclusively in one pool of B. ovis. This study provides new bacterial-ectoparasite associations and highlights the possible role of these neglected ectoparasites as vectors in the populations of sheep and goats from Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo G Ballados-González
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo S/N, esq. Yáñez, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - José M Martínez-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo S/N, esq. Yáñez, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Perla B Martínez-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo S/N, esq. Yáñez, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Jannete Gamboa-Prieto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo S/N, esq. Yáñez, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Saúl González-Guzmán
- Laboratorio del Banco Central de Sangre del Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango, Zumpango, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Vladimir Paredes-Cervantes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Estefania Grostieta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariel Aguilar-Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo S/N, esq. Yáñez, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rafael F C Vieira
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA; Center for Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks (CIPHER), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Anabel Cruz-Romero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo S/N, esq. Yáñez, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Diagnóstico, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Carretera Tuxpan Tampico Kilómetro 7.5, Universitaria, 92870 Tuxpan de Rodríguez Cano, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Perles L, Bassini-Silva R, Jacinavicius FC, Barreto WTG, de Macedo GC, Martins FS, Herrera HM, Machado RZ, Barros-Battesti DM, André MR. Contribution to the knowledge of Neotrichodectes (Nasuicola) pallidus (Piaget, 1880) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae). Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 41:100877. [PMID: 37208084 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The species in the genus Neotrichodectes (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) infest carnivores. Neotrichodectes (Nasuicola) pallidus (Piaget, 1880), which has been primarily found parasitizing Procyonidae mammals, has been recorded in ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua) in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and Pernambuco. We report a new record of N. pallidus in coatis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, central-western Brazil, using morphological (Light and Scanning Electronic Microscopy) and molecular approaches (PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis). Coatis were sampled in two peri-urban areas of Campo Grande city, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, between March 2018 and March 2019, as well as in November 2021. Lice were collected and examined under light and Scanning Electron Microscopy. DNA was also extracted from nymphs and adults and submitted to PCR assays based on the 18S rRNA and cox-1 genes for molecular characterization. One hundred and one coatis were sampled from 2018 to 2019 and 20 coatis in 2021 [when the intensity of infestation (II) was not accessed]. Twenty-six coatis (26/101-25.7%) were infested with at least one louse, with a total of 59 lice collected in 2018-2019. The II ranged from one to seven lice (mean 2.2 ± SD 1.7). The louse species was confirmed based on the following morphological characteristics: female gonapophyses rounded with the setae along anterior region but not in the medial margin; the male genitalia with a parameral arch not extending beyond the endometrial plate. The same ornamentation was observed on the abdomen of the females, males, and nymphs. The nymphs and the eggs were described in detail for the first time. The obtained 18S rRNA and cox1 sequences from N. pallidus clustered in a clade with other sequences of Ischnocera species. In the present study, a new record of the louse N. pallidus in central-western Brazil was provided, along with new insights into the morphological features of this species, with the first morphology contribution of nymphal and eggs stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Perles
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bassini-Silva
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto
- Post Graduation Program of Ecology and Conservation, Mato Grosso do Sul Federal University, Campo Grande 13471-410, MS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo
- Laboratory of Parasitic Biology, Environmental Sciences and Farming Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 13471-410, MS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Santos Martins
- Laboratory of Parasitic Biology, Environmental Sciences and Farming Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 13471-410, MS, Brazil
| | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Laboratory of Parasitic Biology, Environmental Sciences and Farming Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 13471-410, MS, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Darci Moraes Barros-Battesti
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
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Chew YL, Khor MA, Xu Z, Lee SK, Keng JW, Sang SH, Akowuah GA, Goh KW, Liew KB, Ming LC. Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica: Food Ingredients as Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175475. [PMID: 36080243 PMCID: PMC9457827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine is critical in disease treatment and management. Herbs are gaining popularity for disease management and treatment. Therefore, they can be utilised as complementary and alternative treatment (CAT) ingredients. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the common non-communicable diseases. It is characterised by chronic inflammatory skin disease with intense pruritus and eczematous lesions. AD is associated with oxidative stress, microbial infection, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Both children and adults could be affected by this skin disorder. The prevalence of AD is increasing along with the country’s level of development. This review revisited the literature on four medicinal herbs widely used as complementary medicine to manage AD. These therapeutic herbs are commonly eaten as food and used as spices in Asian cuisine. The four food herbs reviewed are Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa Linn, and Azadirachta indica. Their traditional uses and phytochemical content will be covered. Four relevant pharmacological and biological activities of the plants crucial in AD management have been reviewed and discussed, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, and wound recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +603-9101-8880; Fax: +603-9102-3606
| | - Mei-Ann Khor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Xu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Kei Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jing-Wen Keng
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Huey Sang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71809, Malaysia
| | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
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Najjari M, Gorouhi MA, Zarrinfar H, Hosseini Farash BR, Jamali J, Moghaddas E, Ebrahimipuor M. Impact of a health educational interventional program on reducing the head lice infestation among pupils in an elementary school of a sub-tropical region: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:424. [PMID: 35850860 PMCID: PMC9295397 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediculosis is an important social challenge that can be caused by human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis. This infestation is cosmopolitan, especially in countries with low hygiene and sanitation. Regular health education classes for students and their parents are required to reduce this infestation in schools and families. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a health education intervention program on reducing head lice among pupils of an elementary school. METHODS In a quasi-experimental study, a total of 880 elementary school girls were screened for pediculosis in (2017-2018). The prevalence of pediculosis follow-up continued monthly until the end of the school year after a two months educational intervention course. Visual inspection was applied for initial diagnosis of infection. The suspected cases were confirmed by wood lamp and potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopic examination. Also eight questions about diagnostic, epidemiology, treatment and prevention were answered in a questionnaire by 50 volunteer parents before and after the training intervention course, to evaluate their general knowledge and measure the effectiveness of learning. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (version 20.0, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). McNemar's test was also applied to investigate the prevalence rate before and after the intervention. A p -value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS At the beginning of study, pre-intervention prevalence of pediculosis among pupils was 8.4% (49/594). The mean age in all pupils was 9.86 ± 1.83 years old and the most infestation was shown in fourth-grade students with 10 years old. Analysis of statistics demonstrated a significant difference between having infestation and the number of members in the families. Post-intervention phase led to a decreased prevalence of pediculosis in pupils to 3% (8/594) (p-value < 0.05). Based on statistical analysis of questions before and after the training in the questionnaire, a significant increase of parental knowledge was observed on the prevention program of pediculosis (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of pediculosis was significantly reduced following the educational interventions in the school. The applied interventions may be implemented in other residual centers to get rid of this important infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Najjari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Gorouhi
- Research Center Of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bibi Razieh Hosseini Farash
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Jamali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Moghaddas
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahimipuor
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Study on Gas Chromatographic Fingerprint of Essential Oil from Stellera chamaejasme Flowers and Its Repellent Activities against Three Stored Product Insects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216438. [PMID: 34770847 PMCID: PMC8587308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish the chromatographic fingerprints of the essential oil (EO) from Stellera chamaejasme flowers collected from various natural sites by gas chromatography (GC) combined with chemometric methods. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most components were identified as ketones and the relatively high-content components were fitone (38.973%), n-hentriacontane (5.807%), myristic acid (4.944%) and phytol (3.988%). In addition, the repellent activities of the EO from S. chamaejasme flowers and its four main chemical compounds were evaluated against three stored product pests (Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, Liposcelis bostrychophila) for the first time. In this work, the EO and the four chemical compounds showed a repellent effect against three storage pests after 2 and 4 h exposure. The experimental method and repellent activity of S. chamaejasme flower EO could provide a basis for the development of botanical pesticide and the utilization of the rich plant resources of S. chamaejasme in the future.
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Buxton M, Buxton MP, Machekano H, Nyamukondiwa C, Wasserman RJ. A Survey of Potentially Pathogenic-Incriminated Arthropod Vectors of Health Concern in Botswana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10556. [PMID: 34639855 PMCID: PMC8508065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod vectors play a crucial role in the transmission of many debilitating infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the economic significance of arthropods to public health, public knowledge on vector biology, ecology and taxonomic status remains anecdotal and largely unexplored. The present study surveyed knowledge gaps regarding the biology and ecology of arthropod vectors in communities of Botswana, across all districts. Results showed that communities are largely aware of individual arthropod vectors; however, their 'potential contribution' in disease transmission in humans, livestock and wildlife could not be fully attested. As such, their knowledge was largely limited with regards to some aspects of vector biology, ecology and control. Communities were strongly concerned about the burden of mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies and ticks, with the least concerns about fleas, bedbugs and lice, although the same communities did not know of specific diseases potentially vectored by these arthropods. Knowledge on arthropod vector control was mainly limited to synthetic chemical pesticides for most respondents, regardless of their location. The limited knowledge on potentially pathogen-incriminated arthropod vectors reported here has large implications for bridging knowledge gaps on the bio-ecology of these vectors countrywide. This is potentially useful in reducing the local burden of associated diseases and preventing the risk of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mmabaledi Buxton
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/Bag 016, Palapye 10071, Botswana; (H.M.); (C.N.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Malebogo Portia Buxton
- Department of Sociology, University of Botswana, P/Bag UB 0022, Gaborone 00704, Botswana;
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/Bag 016, Palapye 10071, Botswana; (H.M.); (C.N.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/Bag 016, Palapye 10071, Botswana; (H.M.); (C.N.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Ryan John Wasserman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/Bag 016, Palapye 10071, Botswana; (H.M.); (C.N.); (R.J.W.)
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Estrada-Souza IM, Sánchez-Montes S, Romero-Salas D, Cruz-Romero A, Aguilar-Domínguez M, Pérez-Brígido CD, Hermida-Lagunes J, Morales-Diaz J, Saelao P, Becker I, Pérez de León AA. Integrative taxonomic description of the chewing louse Tricholipeurus lipeuroides infesting Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis white-tailed deer in Veracruz, Mexico. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3203-3209. [PMID: 32820383 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) represent a component of the ectoparasite fauna associated with large sized mammals as deers. However, the diversity of chewing louse species infesting deer remains to be fully characterized in the Neotropics. Little is known about the chewing lice infesting the extant fourteen subspecies of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Mexico. Known to infest white-tailed deer (WTD) in Canada and the United States (U.S.), Tricholipeurus lipeuroides is a chewing louse species that was originally described in the nineteenth century infesting O. v. mexicanus in Mexico. For the first time, infestation of O. v. veraecrucis, a Neotropical WTD subspecies in Mexico, with T. lipeuroides is reported herein. An integrative taxonomic approach was taken by combining morphological and molecular analyses to describe the T. lipeuroides infestion of O. v. veraecrucis. Ecological parameters of the T. lipeuroides infestations were also calculated. The prevalence was 91.7% of the 56 O. v. veraecrucis (29 females and 27 males) inspected while under chemical restraint that were sampled at 3 sites in the central region of Veracruz state in Mexico. The amplification and sequencing of previously reported T. lipeuroides Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I gene confirmed the identity of all the chewing louse life stages. These results are discussed in the context of comparative analyses on the emergence of novel chewing lice-deer associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris M Estrada-Souza
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Rancho "Torreón del Molino", Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Circunvalación y Yáñez s/n, C.P. 91710, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpam, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Dora Romero-Salas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Rancho "Torreón del Molino", Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Circunvalación y Yáñez s/n, C.P. 91710, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Anabel Cruz-Romero
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Rancho "Torreón del Molino", Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Circunvalación y Yáñez s/n, C.P. 91710, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Mariel Aguilar-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Rancho "Torreón del Molino", Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Circunvalación y Yáñez s/n, C.P. 91710, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Hermida-Lagunes
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Rancho "Torreón del Molino", Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Circunvalación y Yáñez s/n, C.P. 91710, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Diaz
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Rancho "Torreón del Molino", Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Circunvalación y Yáñez s/n, C.P. 91710, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Perot Saelao
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adalberto A Pérez de León
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX, USA.
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Utilization of Neem Leaf Extract on Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203803. [PMID: 31652583 PMCID: PMC6832892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reports the successful synthesis of biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) with the use of non-toxic leaf extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The successful synthesis was confirmed by infrared spectra analysis with strong peak observed between 400–600 cm−1 that corresponds to magnetite nanoparticles characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles were of high purity with crystalline cubic structure phases in nature. Besides, the average size of magnetite nanoparticles was observed to be 9–12 nm with mostly irregular shapes using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and was supported by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Energy dispersive X-ray analysis shown that the elements iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) were present with atomic percentages of 33.29% and 66.71%, respectively. From the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis it was proven that the nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic properties with a magnetization value of 73 emu/g and the results showed superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, suggesting potential applications for a magnetic targeting drug delivery system.
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Abstract
These researches were carried out on the use of insecticide for infected animals, depending on its quantity (volume), shape and disperse of the drop during spraying. We used the solution of EktosanTM (LTD “Brovapharma”, Ukraine) in dilution 1:1000, with spraying of external usage twice, against Bovicola bovis Linnaeus, 1758, (Trichodectidae, Mallophaga) spontaneous infected lactating dairy cows of 4-8 years of age and young cattle aged 4˗6 to 12 months during 2009˗2010 in the State breeding farm “Ploskivske”, Kyiv region, and in February-March, 2012 in the private farm “Volyn”, Rivne region of Ukraine. A total number of 464 hosts (cows and calves) were examined, out of which 356 animals or 76.72 % were infected by B. bovis.- Efficacy of three techniques of cattle treatment with insecticide was studied. The time-indexes (time-consuming) for treatment and prophylactic manipulations of animals were investigated and recorded.
100 % efficiency of three techniques with full-volume system sprayer (2000 cm3/animal), medium-volume sprayer (250 cm3/animal) and low-volume sprayer or fine-dispersed atomizer (100 cm3 /animal) was established.
According to the work time consuming, the least time for animals’ treatment technique spraying was spent by using a disinfection full-volume system sprayer “DUK”. Full time of this manipulation has taken 33 minutes. The most labor-intensive technique was with using a manual low-volume sprayer “Rosynka”. The work by this technique has taken 58 minutes, and was by 43.1 and 23.3 % minutes more in comparing to full-volume system and medium-volume system sprayers.
The medium-volume system spraying technique for animals was more economically expedient, in accordance for employees’ labor expenses and EktosanTM insecticide price.
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