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Kannojiya V, Almasy SE, Monclova JL, Contreras J, Costanzo F, Manning KB. Characterizing thrombus adhesion strength on common cardiovascular device materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1438359. [PMID: 39205855 PMCID: PMC11349534 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1438359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombus formation in blood-contacting medical devices is a major concern in the medical device industry, limiting the clinical efficacy of these devices. Further, a locally formed clot within the device has the potential to detach from the surface, posing a risk of embolization. Clot embolization from blood-contacting cardiovascular devices can result in serious complications like acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Therefore, clot embolization associated with device-induced thrombosis can be life-threatening and requires an enhanced fundamental understanding of embolization characteristics to come up with advanced intervention strategies. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the adhesive characteristics of blood clots on common biocompatible materials used in various cardiovascular devices. This study focuses on characterizing the adhesion strength of blood clots on materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane (PU), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), nitinol, and titanium, frequently used in medical devices. In addition, the effect of incubation time on clot adhesion is explored. Results from this work demonstrated strongest clot adhesion to titanium with 3 h of incubation resulting in 1.06 ± 0.20 kPa detachment stresses. The clot adhesion strength on titanium was 51.5% higher than PEEK, 35.9% higher than PTFE, 63.1% higher than PU, and 35.4% higher than nitinol. Further, adhesion strength increases with incubation time for all materials. The percentage increase in detachment stress over incubation time (ranging from 30 min to 3 h) for polymers ranged from at least 108.75% (PEEK), 140.74% (PU), to 151.61% (PTFE). Whereas, for metallic surfaces, the percentage rise ranged from 70.21% (nitinol) to 89.28% (titanium). Confocal fluorescence imaging of clot remnants on the material surfaces revealed a well-bounded platelet-fibrin network at the residual region, representing a comparatively higher adhesive region than the non-residual zone of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kannojiya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sara E. Almasy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jose L. Monclova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jerry Contreras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Keefe B. Manning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
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Barberi J, Spriano S. Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1590. [PMID: 33805137 PMCID: PMC8037091 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys, specially Ti6Al4V, are among the most employed materials in orthopedic and dental implants. Cells response and osseointegration of implant devices are strongly dependent on the body-biomaterial interface zone. This interface is mainly defined by proteins: They adsorb immediately after implantation from blood and biological fluids, forming a layer on implant surfaces. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand which features of biomaterials surfaces influence formation of the protein layer and how to guide it. In this paper, relevant literature of the last 15 years about protein adsorption on titanium-based materials is reviewed. How the surface characteristics affect protein adsorption is investigated, aiming to provide an as comprehensive a picture as possible of adsorption mechanisms and type of chemical bonding with the surface, as well as of the characterization techniques effectively applied to model and real implant surfaces. Surface free energy, charge, microroughness, and hydroxylation degree have been found to be the main surface parameters to affect the amount of adsorbed proteins. On the other hand, the conformation of adsorbed proteins is mainly dictated by the protein structure, surface topography at the nano-scale, and exposed functional groups. Protein adsorption on titanium surfaces still needs further clarification, in particular concerning adsorption from complex protein solutions. In addition, characterization techniques to investigate and compare the different aspects of protein adsorption on different surfaces (in terms of roughness and chemistry) shall be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Barberi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
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Nasakina EO, Sudarchikova MA, Sergienko KV, Konushkin SV, Sevost’yanov MA. Ion Release and Surface Characterization of Nanostructured Nitinol during Long-Term Testing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1569. [PMID: 31694335 PMCID: PMC6915401 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion resistance of nanostructured nitinol (NiTi) was investigated using long-term tests in solutions simulating physiological fluids at static conditions, reflecting the material structure and metal concentration in the solutions. Mechanical polishing reduced the ion release by a factor of two to three, whereas annealing deteriorated the corrosion resistance. The depassivation and repassivation of nitinol surfaces were considered. We found that nanostructured nitinol might increase the corrosion leaching of titanium into solutions, although the nickel release decreased. Metal dissolution did not occur in the alkaline environment or artificial plasma. A Ni-free surface with a protective 25 nm-thick titanium oxide film resulted from soaking mechanically treated samples of the NiTi wire in a saline solution for two years under static conditions. Hence, the medical application of nanostructured NiTi, such as for the production of medical devices and implants such as stents, shows potential compared with microstructured NiTi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Nasakina
- Laboratory of Durability and Plasticity of Metal and Composite Materials and Nanomaterials, Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences, A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS (IMET RAS), Leninsky Prospect 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.S.); (K.V.S.); (S.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
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Cattaneo G, Bräuner C, Siekmeyer G, Ding A, Bauer S, Wohlschlögel M, Lang L, Hierlemann T, Akimov M, Schlensak C, Schüßler A, Wendel HP, Krajewski S. In vitro investigation of chemical properties and biocompatibility of neurovascular braided implants. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:67. [PMID: 31165278 PMCID: PMC7695648 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Braiding of Nitinol micro wires is an established technology for the manufacturing of fine-meshed neurovascular implants for tortuous vessel geometries. Electropolishing of wires before the braiding process has the potential to improve the in vitro behaviour in terms of thrombogenicity and endothelial cell proliferation. In this study, we present the first in vitro investigation of braided electropolished/blue oxide Nitinol samples in a blood flow loop, showing a significantly lower activation of the coagulation pathway (represented by the TAT III marker) and a tendency towards reduced platelet adhesion. Furthermore, we applied the same surface treatment on flat disks and measured protein adhesion as well as endothelial cell proliferation. We compared our results to non-electropolished samples with a native oxide surface. While platelet deposition was reduced on electropolished/blue oxide surface, a significant increase of endothelial cell seeding was observed. Investigation of inflammatory marker expression in endothelial cells provided divergent results depending on the marker tested, demanding closer investigation. Surface analysis using Auger electron spectroscopy revealed a thin layer mainly consisting of titanium oxynitride or titanium oxide + titanium nitride as a potential cause of the improved biological performance. Translated to the clinical field of intracranial aneurysm treatment, the improved biocompatibility has the potential to increase both safety (low thrombogenicity) and effectiveness (aneurysm neck reconstruction).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Lang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Teresa Hierlemann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maria Akimov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Krajewski
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
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Pound BG. The use of electrochemical techniques to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic biomedical materials and devices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1189-1198. [PMID: 30184333 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion performance of metallic biomedical materials and devices is commonly evaluated using electrochemical techniques. Although test standards involving such techniques have been released to address some forms of corrosion, a key issue is application of the results with regard to use of an implantable device in vivo. This review focuses on nitinol, 316L/LVM stainless steel, and Co-Cr alloys and is intended to provide some perspective on the significance of results from tests concerning general corrosion, localized corrosion, galvanic corrosion, and fretting corrosion of these alloys in simulated physiological solutions. It also examines the factors that could cause differences in the corrosion performance between in vitro and in vivo exposure, with the goal of providing some rationale for applying electrochemical characteristics obtained from the tests to predict the corrosion performance in vivo. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1189-1198, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Pound
- Materials and Corrosion Engineering, Exponent, Menlo Park, California, 94025
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Effect of high-pressure torsion deformation on surface properties and biocompatibility of Ti-50.9 mol. %Ni alloys. Biointerphases 2015; 9:029007. [PMID: 24985211 DOI: 10.1116/1.4867402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ti-50.9 mol. %Ni was subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) deformation for different number of rotations (N) of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10. The structural changes induced by HPT were analyzed using x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The surfaces of the samples before and after cell culture were characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The biocompatibility of the samples was evaluated based on a colony formation assay, nickel ion release, and protein adsorption behavior. XRD analysis revealed the occurrence of grain refinement, phase transformation, and amorphization in the TiNi samples by HPT deformation due to high dislocation density. The changes in chemical composition and thickness of the passive film formed on the surface observed in XPS analysis reveals improvement in the stability of the passive film by HPT deformation. The microstructural change due to the deformation was found to influence the biocompatibility behaviors of TiNi. Plating efficiency and protein adsorption were found to be higher when the samples are in stress-induced martensitic or amorphous state. HPT deformation was found to alter the surface behavior of the TiNi, which effectively reduced the Ni ion release and improved its biocompatibility.
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Awang Shri DN, Tsuchiya K, Yamamoto A. Cytocompatibility evaluation and surface characterization of TiNi deformed by high-pressure torsion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang D, Lü X, Hong Y, Xi T, Zhang D. The molecular mechanism of mediation of adsorbed serum proteins to endothelial cells adhesion and growth on biomaterials. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5747-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chandler-Temple A, Kingshott P, Wentrup-Byrne E, Cassady AI, Grøndahl L. Surface chemistry of grafted expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membranes modifies thein vitroproinflammatory response in macrophages. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1047-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhao T, Li Y, Gao Y, Xiang Y, Chen H, Zhang T. Hemocompatibility investigation of the NiTi alloy implanted with tantalum. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2311-2318. [PMID: 21833606 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A composite TiO(2)/Ta(2)O(5) nano-film has been formed on the NiTi shape memory alloy by Ta implantation. The wettability, protein adsorption, platelets adhesion and hemolysis tests are conducted to evaluate the hemocompatibility. The contact angle measurements showed that the surface of the NiTi alloy kept hydrophilic before and after Ta implantation, although the water contact angle increased with the increasing of implantation current. Both of the surface energy and the interfacial tension decreased after Ta implantation. The protein adsorption behavior was investigated by (125)I isotope labeling. The fibrinogen adsorption was enhanced by a high surface roughness or a large interfacial tension, while the albumin adsorption was insensitive to the surface modification. Platelet adhesion and activation were weakened and the hemolysis rate was reduced at least 46% after Ta implantation due to the decreased surface energy and improved corrosion resistance ability, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, #37, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
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Bai Z, Rotermund HH. The intrinsically high pitting corrosion resistance of mechanically polished nitinol in simulated physiological solutions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 99:1-13. [PMID: 21648066 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Bai
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada.
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Tian H, Schryvers D, Liu D, Jiang Q, Van Humbeeck J. Stability of Ni in nitinol oxide surfaces. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:892-9. [PMID: 20849983 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The stability of Ni in titanium oxide surface layers on nitinol wires known to release certain amounts of Ni was investigated by first principles density functional theory and transmission electron microscopy. The oxides were identified as a combination of TiO and TiO(2) depending on the thickness of the layer. The calculations indicate that free Ni atoms can exist in TiO at ambient temperature while Ni particles form in TiO(2), which was confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy observations. The results are discussed with respect to surface stability and Ni release due to free Ni atoms and Ni particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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The influence of surface oxides on the distribution and release of nickel from Nitinol wires. Biomaterials 2009; 30:468-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shabalovskaya S, Anderegg J, Van Humbeeck J. Critical overview of Nitinol surfaces and their modifications for medical applications. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:447-67. [PMID: 18328796 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitinol, a group of nearly equiatomic shape memory and superelastic NiTi alloys, is being extensively explored for medical applications. Release of Ni in the human body, a potential problem with Nitinol implant devices, has stimulated a great deal of research on its surface modifications and coatings. In order to use any of the developed surfaces in implant designs, it is important to understand whether they really have advantages over bare Nitinol. This paper overviews the current situation, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of new surfaces as well as the limitations of the studies performed. It presents a comprehensive analysis of surface topography, chemistry, corrosion behavior, nickel release and biological responses to Nitinol surfaces modified mechanically or using such methods as etching in acids and alkaline solutions, electropolishing, heat and ion beam treatments, boiling in water and autoclaving, conventional and ion plasma implantations, laser melting and bioactive coating deposition. The analysis demonstrates that the presently developed surfaces vary in thickness from a few nanometers to micrometers, and that they can effectively prevent Ni release if the surface integrity is maintained under strain and if no Ni-enriched sub-layers are present. Whether it is appropriate to use various low temperature pre-treatment protocols (< or = 160 degrees C) developed originally for pure titanium for Nitinol surface modifications and coatings is also discussed. The importance of selection of original Nitinol surfaces with regard to the performance of coatings and comparative performance of controls in the studies is emphasized. Considering the obvious advantages of bare Nitinol surfaces for superelastic implants, details of their preparation are also outlined.
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