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Snyder Y, Jana S. Strategies for Development of Synthetic Heart Valve Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 139:101173. [PMID: 37981978 PMCID: PMC10655624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The current clinical solutions, including mechanical and bioprosthetic valves for valvular heart diseases, are plagued by coagulation, calcification, nondurability, and the inability to grow with patients. The tissue engineering approach attempts to resolve these shortcomings by producing heart valve scaffolds that may deliver patients a life-long solution. Heart valve scaffolds serve as a three-dimensional support structure made of biocompatible materials that provide adequate porosity for cell infiltration, and nutrient and waste transport, sponsor cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, and allow for extracellular matrix production that together contributes to the generation of functional neotissue. The foundation of successful heart valve tissue engineering is replicating native heart valve architecture, mechanics, and cellular attributes through appropriate biomaterials and scaffold designs. This article reviews biomaterials, the fabrication of heart valve scaffolds, and their in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations applied for heart valve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Snyder
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Soumen Jana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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2
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Ingeniería de tejidos en población pediátrica: una esperanza para el tratamiento de enfermedades valvulares mitrales congénitas. CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.circv.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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3
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Zulkifli Z, Tan JJ, Ku Marsilla KI, Rusli A, Abdullah MK, Shuib RK, Shafiq MD, Abdul Hamid ZA. Shape memory poly (glycerol sebacate)‐based electrospun fiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zulaikha Zulkifli
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute Universiti Sains Malaysia Kepala Batas Malaysia
| | - Ku Ishak Ku Marsilla
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Arjulizan Rusli
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Khalil Abdullah
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Raa Khimi Shuib
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Danial Shafiq
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
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Martín-Cabezuelo R, Vilariño-Feltrer G, Vallés-Lluch A. Influence of pre-polymerisation atmosphere on the properties of pre- and poly(glycerol sebacate). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111429. [PMID: 33321580 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a versatile biodegradable biomaterial on account of its adjustable mechanical properties as an elastomeric polyester. Nevertheless, it has shown dissimilar results when synthesised by different research groups under equivalent synthesis conditions. This lack of reproducibility proves how crucial it is to understand the effect of the parameters involved on its manufacturing and characterize the polymer networks obtained. Several studies have been conducted in recent years to understand the role of temperature, time, and the molar ratio of its monomers, while the influence of the atmosphere applied during its pre-polymerisation remained unknown. The results obtained here allow for a better understanding about the effect of inert (Ar and N2) and oxidative (oxygen, dry air, and humid air) atmospheres on the extent of the reaction. The molecular pattern of intermediate pre-polymers and the gelation time and morphology of their corresponding cured PGS networks were studied as well. Overall, inert atmospheres promote a rather linear growth of macromers, with scarce branches, resulting in loose elastomers with long chains mainly crosslinked. Conversely, oxygen in the latter atmospheres promotes branching through secondary hydroxyl groups, leading to less-crosslinked 'defective' networks. In this way, the pre-polymerisation atmosphere could be used advantageously to adjust the reactivity of secondary hydroxyls, in order to modulate branching in the elastomeric PGS networks obtained to suit the properties required in a particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Cabezuelo
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | | | - Ana Vallés-Lluch
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
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Ravishankar P, Ozkizilcik A, Husain A, Balachandran K. Anisotropic Fiber-Reinforced Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:513-525. [PMID: 32723024 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates polymer fiber-reinforced protein-polysaccharide-based hydrogels for heart valve tissue engineering applications. Polycaprolactone and gelatin (3:1) blends were jet-spun to fabricate aligned fibers that possessed fiber diameters in the range found in the native heart valve. These fibers were embedded in methacrylated hydrogels made from gelatin, sodium hyaluronate, and chondroitin sulfate to create fiber-reinforced hydrogel composites (HCs). The fiber-reinforced gelatin glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-based HC possessed interconnected porous structures and porosity higher than fiber-only conditions. These fiber-reinforced HCs exhibited compressive modulus and biaxial mechanical behavior comparable to that of native porcine aortic valves. The fiber-reinforced HCs were able to swell higher and degraded less than the hydrogels. Elution studies revealed that less than 20% of incorporated gelatin methacrylate and GAGs were released over 2 weeks, with a steady-state release after the first day. When cultured with porcine valve interstitial cells (VICs), the fiber-reinforced composites were able to maintain higher cell viability compared with fiber-only samples. Quiescent VICs expressed alpha smooth muscle actin and calponin showing an activated phenotype, along with a few cells expressing the proliferation marker Ki67 and negative expression for RUNX2, an osteogenic marker. Our study demonstrated that compared with the hydrogels and fibers alone, combining both components can yield durable, reinforced composites that mimic heart valve mechanical behavior, while maintaining high cell viability and expressing positive activation as well as proliferation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ravishankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Asya Ozkizilcik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Anushae Husain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Long L, Wu C, Hu X, Wang Y. Biodegradable synthetic polymeric composite scaffold‐based tissue engineered heart valve with minimally invasive transcatheter implantation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin‐yu Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Can Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xue‐feng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yun‐bing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Electrospun PCL/PGS Composite Fibers Incorporating Bioactive Glass Particles for Soft Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050978. [PMID: 32438673 PMCID: PMC7279550 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS) and poly(epsilon caprolactone) (PCL) have been widely investigated for biomedical applications in combination with the electrospinning process. Among others, one advantage of this blend is its suitability to be processed with benign solvents for electrospinning. In this work, the suitability of PGS/PCL polymers for the fabrication of composite fibers incorporating bioactive glass (BG) particles was investigated. Composite electrospun fibers containing silicate or borosilicate glass particles (13-93 and 13-93BS, respectively) were obtained and characterized. Neat PCL and PCL composite electrospun fibers were used as control to investigate the possible effect of the presence of PGS and the influence of the bioactive glass particles. In fact, with the addition of PGS an increase in the average fiber diameter was observed, while in all the composite fibers, the presence of BG particles induced an increase in the fiber diameter distribution, without changing significantly the average fiber diameter. Results confirmed that the blended fibers are hydrophilic, while the addition of BG particles does not affect fiber wettability. Degradation test and acellular bioactivity test highlight the release of the BG particles from all composite fibers, relevant for all applications related to therapeutic ion release, i.e., wound healing. Because of weak interface between the incorporated BG particles and the polymeric fibers, mechanical properties were not improved in the composite fibers. Promising results were obtained from preliminary biological tests for potential use of the developed mats for soft tissue engineering applications.
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Zamboulis A, Nakiou EA, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris DN, Kontonasaki E, Liverani L, Boccaccini AR. Polyglycerol Hyperbranched Polyesters: Synthesis, Properties and Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6210. [PMID: 31835372 PMCID: PMC6940955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a century when environmental pollution is a major issue, polymers issued from bio-based monomers have gained important interest, as they are expected to be environment-friendly, and biocompatible, with non-toxic degradation products. In parallel, hyperbranched polymers have emerged as an easily accessible alternative to dendrimers with numerous potential applications. Glycerol (Gly) is a natural, low-cost, trifunctional monomer, with a production expected to grow significantly, and thus an excellent candidate for the synthesis of hyperbranched polyesters for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In the present article, we review the synthesis, properties, and applications of glycerol polyesters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (from succinic to sebacic acids) as well as the copolymers of glycerol or hyperbranched polyglycerol with poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone). Emphasis was given to summarize the synthetic procedures (monomer molar ratio, used catalysts, temperatures, etc.,) and their effect on the molecular weight, solubility, and thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared hyperbranched polymers. Their applications in pharmaceutical technology as drug carries and in biomedical applications focusing on regenerative medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Eirini A. Nakiou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Liliana Liverani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
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9
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Highly aligned and geometrically structured poly(glycerol sebacate)-polyethylene oxide composite fiber matrices towards bioscaffolding applications. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Santoro R, Venkateswaran S, Amadeo F, Zhang R, Brioschi M, Callanan A, Agrifoglio M, Banfi C, Bradley M, Pesce M. Acrylate-based materials for heart valve scaffold engineering. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:154-167. [PMID: 29148548 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00854f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most frequent cardiac valve pathology. Its standard treatment consists of surgical replacement either with mechanical (metal made) or biological (animal tissue made) valve prostheses, both of which have glaring deficiencies. In the search for novel materials to manufacture artificial valve tissue, we have conducted a high-throughput screening with subsequent up-scaling to identify non-degradable polymer substrates that promote valve interstitial cells (VICs) adherence/growth and, at the same time, prevent their evolution toward a pro-calcific phenotype. Here, we provide evidence that one of the two identified 'hit' polymers, poly(methoxyethylmethacrylate-co-diethylaminoethylmethacrylate), provided robust VICs adhesion and maintained the healthy VICs phenotype without inducing pro-osteogenic differentiation. This ability was also maintained when the polymer was used to coat a non-woven poly-caprolactone (PCL) scaffold using a novel solvent coating procedure, followed by bioreactor-assisted VICs seeding. Since we observed that VICs had an increased secretion of the elastin-maturing component MFAP4 in addition to other valve-specific extracellular matrix components, we conclude that valve implants constructed with this polyacrylate will drive the biological response of human valve-specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Ye H, Zhang K, Kai D, Li Z, Loh XJ. Polyester elastomers for soft tissue engineering. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4545-4580. [PMID: 29722412 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00161h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyester elastomers are soft, biodegradable and biocompatible and are commonly used in various biomedical applications, especially in tissue engineering. These synthetic polyesters can be easily fabricated using various techniques such as solvent casting, particle leaching, molding, electrospinning, 3-dimensional printing, photolithography, microablation etc. A large proportion of tissue engineering research efforts have focused on the use of allografts, decellularized animal scaffolds or other biological materials as scaffolds, but they face the major concern of triggering immunological responses from the host, on top of other issues. This review paper will introduce the recent developments in elastomeric polyesters, their synthesis and fabrication techniques, as well as their application in the biomedical field, focusing primarily on tissue engineering in ophthalmology, cardiac and vascular systems. Some of the commercial and near-commercial polyesters used in these tissue engineering fields will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
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12
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Masoumi N, Copper D, Chen P, Cubberley A, Guo K, Lin RZ, Ahmed B, Martin D, Aikawa E, Melero-Martin J, Mayer J. Elastomeric Fibrous Hybrid Scaffold Supports In Vitro and In Vivo Tissue Formation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1606614. [PMID: 32863817 PMCID: PMC7450820 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201606614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic materials with biomechanical properties resembling those of native tissues while providing an environment for cell growth and tissue formation, are vital for tissue engineering (TE). Mechanical anisotropy is an important property of native cardiovascular tissues and directly influences tissue function. This study reports fabrication of anisotropic cell-seeded constructs while retaining control over the construct's architecture and distribution of cells. Newly synthesized poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) is fabricated with a dry spinning technique to create anelastomeric fibrous scaffold that allows control of fiber diameter, porosity, and rate ofdegradation. To allow cell and tissue ingrowth, hybrid scaffolds with mesenchymalstem cells (MSCs) encapsulated in a photocrosslinkable hydrogel were developed. Culturing the cellularized scaffolds in a cyclic stretch/flexure bioreactor resulted in tissue formation and confirmed the scaffold's performance under mechanical stimulation. In vivo experiments showed that the hybrid scaffold is capable of withstanding physiological pressures when implanted as a patch in the pulmonary artery. Aligned tissue formation occurred on the scaffold luminal surface without macroscopic thrombus formation. This combination of a novel, anisotropic fibrous scaffold and a tunable native-like hydrogel for cellular encapsulation promoted formation of 3D tissue and provides a biologically functional composite scaffold for soft-tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Masoumi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dane Copper
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Cubberley
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Tepha, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bayoumi Ahmed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Elena Aikawa
- Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Capulli AK, Emmert MY, Pasqualini FS, Kehl D, Caliskan E, Lind JU, Sheehy SP, Park SJ, Ahn S, Weber B, Goss JA, Hoerstrup SP, Parker KK. JetValve: Rapid manufacturing of biohybrid scaffolds for biomimetic heart valve replacement. Biomaterials 2017; 133:229-241. [PMID: 28445803 PMCID: PMC5526340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineered scaffolds have emerged as a promising solution for heart valve replacement because of their potential for regeneration. However, traditional heart valve tissue engineering has relied on resource-intensive, cell-based manufacturing, which increases cost and hinders clinical translation. To overcome these limitations, in situ tissue engineering approaches aim to develop scaffold materials and manufacturing processes that elicit endogenous tissue remodeling and repair. Yet despite recent advances in synthetic materials manufacturing, there remains a lack of cell-free, automated approaches for rapidly producing biomimetic heart valve scaffolds. Here, we designed a jet spinning process for the rapid and automated fabrication of fibrous heart valve scaffolds. The composition, multiscale architecture, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were tailored to mimic that of the native leaflet fibrosa and assembled into three dimensional, semilunar valve structures. We demonstrated controlled modulation of these scaffold parameters and show initial biocompatibility and functionality in vitro. Valves were minimally-invasively deployed via transapical access to the pulmonary valve position in an ovine model and shown to be functional for 15 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Capulli
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Maximillian Y Emmert
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Center for Therapy Development/GMP, 13 Moussonstrasse, Zurich, 8044, CH, Switzerland; Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 100 Ramistrasse, Zurich, 8091, CH, Switzerland
| | - Francesco S Pasqualini
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Center for Therapy Development/GMP, 13 Moussonstrasse, Zurich, 8044, CH, Switzerland
| | - Debora Kehl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Center for Therapy Development/GMP, 13 Moussonstrasse, Zurich, 8044, CH, Switzerland
| | - Etem Caliskan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Center for Therapy Development/GMP, 13 Moussonstrasse, Zurich, 8044, CH, Switzerland; Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 100 Ramistrasse, Zurich, 8091, CH, Switzerland
| | - Johan U Lind
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sung Jin Park
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Seungkuk Ahn
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Benedikt Weber
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Center for Therapy Development/GMP, 13 Moussonstrasse, Zurich, 8044, CH, Switzerland
| | - Josue A Goss
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Center for Therapy Development/GMP, 13 Moussonstrasse, Zurich, 8044, CH, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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15
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Human interstitial cellular model in therapeutics of heart valve calcification. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1981-1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Fallahiarezoudar E, Ahmadipourroudposht M, Idris A, Yusof NM. Optimization and development of Maghemite (γ-Fe 2O 3) filled poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) electrospun nanofibers using Taguchi orthogonal array for tissue engineering heart valve. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:616-627. [PMID: 28482571 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is an advanced principle to develop a neotissue that can resemble the original tissue characteristics with the capacity to grow, to repair and to remodel in vivo. This research proposed the optimization and development of nanofiber based scaffold using the new mixture of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) filled poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for tissue engineering heart valve (TEHV). The chemical, structural, biological and mechanical properties of nanofiber based scaffold were characterized in terms of morphology, porosity, biocompatibility and mechanical behaviour. Two-level Taguchi experimental design (L8) was performed to optimize the electrospun mats in terms of elastic modulus using uniaxial tensile test where the studied parameters were flow rate, voltage, percentage of maghemite nanoparticles in the content, solution concentration and collector rotating speed. Each run was extended with an outer array to consider the noise factors. The signal-to-noise ratio analysis indicated the contribution percent as follow; Solution concentration>voltage>maghemite %>rotating speed>flow rate. The optimum elastic modulus founded to be 28.13±0.37MPa in such a way that the tensile strain was 31.72% which provided desirability for TEHV. An empirical model was extracted and verified using confirmation test. Furthermore, an ultrafine quality of electrospun nanofibers with 80.32% porosity was fabricated. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and cell attachment using human aortic smooth muscle cells exhibited desirable migration and proliferation over the electrospun mats. The interaction between blood content and the electrospun mats indicated a mutual adaption in terms of clotting time and hemolysis percent. Overall, the fabricated scaffold has the potential to provide the required properties of aortic heart valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fallahiarezoudar
- Department of Materials, Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohaddeseh Ahmadipourroudposht
- Department of Materials, Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ani Idris
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Noordin Mohd Yusof
- Department of Materials, Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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17
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Wu S, Duan B, Qin X, Butcher JT. Living nano-micro fibrous woven fabric/hydrogel composite scaffolds for heart valve engineering. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:89-100. [PMID: 28110071 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration and repair of injured or diseased heart valves remains a clinical challenge. Tissue engineering provides a promising treatment approach to facilitate living heart valve repair and regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic scaffolds that possess heterogeneous and anisotropic features that approximate those of native heart valve tissue are beneficial to the successful in vitro development of tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV). Here we report the development and characterization of a novel composite scaffold consisting of nano- and micro-scale fibrous woven fabrics and 3D hydrogels by using textile techniques combined with bioactive hydrogel formation. Embedded nano-micro fibrous scaffolds within hydrogel enhanced mechanical strength and physical structural anisotropy of the composite scaffold (similar to native aortic valve leaflets) and also reduced its compaction. We determined that the composite scaffolds supported the growth of human aortic valve interstitial cells (HAVIC), balanced the remodeling of heart valve ECM against shrinkage, and maintained better physiological fibroblastic phenotype in both normal and diseased HAVIC over single materials. These fabricated composite scaffolds enable the engineering of a living heart valve graft with improved anisotropic structure and tissue biomechanics important for maintaining valve cell phenotypes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Heart valve-related disease is an important clinical problem, with over 300,000 surgical repairs performed annually. Tissue engineering offers a promising strategy for heart valve repair and regeneration. In this study, we developed and tissue engineered living nano-micro fibrous woven fabric/hydrogel composite scaffolds by using textile technique combined with bioactive hydrogel formation. The novelty of our technique is that the composite scaffolds can mimic physical structure anisotropy and the mechanical strength of natural aortic valve leaflet. Moreover, the composite scaffolds prevented the matrix shrinkage, which is major problem that causes the failure of TEHV, and better maintained physiological fibroblastic phenotype in both normal and diseased HAVIC. This work marks the first report of a combination composite scaffold using 3D hydrogel enhanced by nano-micro fibrous woven fabric, and represents a promising tissue engineering strategy to treat heart valve injury.
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18
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Xue Y, Sant V, Phillippi J, Sant S. Biodegradable and biomimetic elastomeric scaffolds for tissue-engineered heart valves. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:2-19. [PMID: 27780764 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Valvular heart diseases are the third leading cause of cardiovascular disease, resulting in more than 25,000 deaths annually in the United States. Heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) has emerged as a putative treatment strategy such that the designed construct would ideally withstand native dynamic mechanical environment, guide regeneration of the diseased tissue and more importantly, have the ability to grow with the patient. These desired functions could be achieved by biomimetic design of tissue-engineered constructs that recapitulate in vivo heart valve microenvironment with biomimetic architecture, optimal mechanical properties and possess suitable biodegradability and biocompatibility. Synthetic biodegradable elastomers have gained interest in HVTE due to their excellent mechanical compliance, controllable chemical structure and tunable degradability. This review focuses on the state-of-art strategies to engineer biomimetic elastomeric scaffolds for HVTE. We first discuss the various types of biodegradable synthetic elastomers and their key properties. We then highlight tissue engineering approaches to recreate some of the features in the heart valve microenvironment such as anisotropic and hierarchical tri-layered architecture, mechanical anisotropy and biocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) is of special significance to overcome the drawbacks of current valve replacements. Although biodegradable synthetic elastomers have emerged as promising materials for HVTE, a mature HVTE construct made from synthetic elastomers for clinical use remains to be developed. Hence, this review summarized various types of biodegradable synthetic elastomers and their key properties. The major focus that distinguishes this review from the current literature is the thorough discussion on the key features of native valve microenvironments and various up-and-coming approaches to engineer synthetic elastomers to recreate these features such as anisotropic tri-layered architecture, mechanical anisotropy, biodegradability and biocompatibility. This review is envisioned to inspire and instruct the design of functional HVTE constructs and facilitate their clinical translation.
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19
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Prévôt M, Hegmann E. From Biomaterial, Biomimetic, and Polymer to Biodegradable and Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Cell Scaffolds. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2017-1253.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Prévôt
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - E. Hegmann
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
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20
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Zhang X, Xu B, Puperi DS, Wu Y, West JL, Grande-Allen KJ. Application of hydrogels in heart valve tissue engineering. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2016; 25:105-34. [PMID: 25955010 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2015011817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing number of patients requiring valve replacements, there is heightened interest in advancing heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) to provide solutions to the many limitations of current surgical treatments. A variety of materials have been developed as scaffolds for HVTE including natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and decellularized valvular matrices. Among them, biocompatible hydrogels are generating growing interest. Natural hydrogels, such as collagen and fibrin, generally show good bioactivity but poor mechanical durability. Synthetic hydrogels, on the other hand, have tunable mechanical properties; however, appropriate cell-matrix interactions are difficult to obtain. Moreover, hydrogels can be used as cell carriers when the cellular component is seeded into the polymer meshes or decellularized valve scaffolds. In this review, we discuss current research strategies for HVTE with an emphasis on hydrogel applications. The physicochemical properties and fabrication methods of these hydrogels, as well as their mechanical properties and bioactivities are described. Performance of some hydrogels including in vitro evaluation using bioreactors and in vivo tests in different animal models are also discussed. For future HVTE, it will be compelling to examine how hydrogels can be constructed from composite materials to replicate mechanical properties and mimic biological functions of the native heart valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel S Puperi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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21
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Ryan AJ, Brougham CM, Garciarena CD, Kerrigan SW, O'Brien FJ. Towards 3D in vitro models for the study of cardiovascular tissues and disease. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1437-1445. [PMID: 27117348 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is developing biomimetic biomaterial scaffolds that are showing increasing therapeutic potential for the repair of cardiovascular tissues. However, a major opportunity exists to use them as 3D in vitro models for the study of cardiovascular tissues and disease in addition to drug development and testing. These in vitro models can span the gap between 2D culture and in vivo testing, thus reducing the cost, time, and ethical burden of current approaches. Here, we outline the progress to date and the requirements for the development of ideal in vitro 3D models for blood vessels, heart valves, and myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Ryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire M Brougham
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Dublin Institute of Technology, Bolton Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Carolina D Garciarena
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Steven W Kerrigan
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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22
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Parvin Nejad S, Blaser MC, Santerre JP, Caldarone CA, Simmons CA. Biomechanical conditioning of tissue engineered heart valves: Too much of a good thing? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:161-75. [PMID: 26555371 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surgical replacement of dysfunctional valves is the primary option for the treatment of valvular disease and congenital defects. Existing mechanical and bioprosthetic replacement valves are far from ideal, requiring concomitant anticoagulation therapy or having limited durability, thus necessitating further surgical intervention. Heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) is a promising alternative to existing replacement options, with the potential to synthesize mechanically robust tissue capable of growth, repair, and remodeling. The clinical realization of a bioengineered valve relies on the appropriate combination of cells, biomaterials, and/or bioreactor conditioning. Biomechanical conditioning of valves in vitro promotes differentiation of progenitor cells to tissue-synthesizing myofibroblasts and prepares the construct to withstand the complex hemodynamic environment of the native valve. While this is a crucial step in most HVTE strategies, it also may contribute to fibrosis, the primary limitation of engineered valves, through sustained myofibrogenesis. In this review, we examine the progress of HVTE and the role of mechanical conditioning in the synthesis of mechanically robust tissue, and suggest approaches to achieve myofibroblast quiescence and prevent fibrosis.
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23
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Frydrych M, Román S, MacNeil S, Chen B. Biomimetic poly(glycerol sebacate)/poly(l-lactic acid) blend scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2015; 18:40-9. [PMID: 25769230 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Large three-dimensional poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)/poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds with similar bulk mechanical properties to native low and high stress adapted adipose tissue were fabricated via a freeze-drying and a subsequent curing process. PGS/PLLA scaffolds containing 73vol.% PGS were prepared using two different organic solvents, resulting in highly interconnected open-pore structures with porosities and pore sizes in the range of 91-92% and 109-141μm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic analysis indicated that the scaffolds featured different microstructure characteristics, depending on the organic solvent in use. The PGS/PLLA scaffolds had a tensile Young's modulus of 0.030MPa, tensile strength of 0.007MPa, elongation at the maximum stress of 25% and full shape recovery capability upon release of the compressive load. In vitro degradation tests presented mass losses of 11-16% and 54-55% without and with the presence of lipase enzyme in 31days, respectively. In vitro cell tests exhibited clear evidence that the PGS/PLLA scaffolds prepared with 1,4-dioxane as the solvent are suitable for culture of adipose derived stem cells. Compared to pristine PLLA scaffolds prepared with the same procedure, these scaffolds provided favourable porous microstructures, good hydrophilic characteristics, and appropriate mechanical properties for soft tissue applications, as well as enhanced scaffold cell penetration and tissue in-growth characteristics. This work demonstrates that the PGS/PLLA scaffolds have potential for applications in adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Frydrych
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Sabiniano Román
- Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Biqiong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom.
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24
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Gaharwar AK, Nikkhah M, Sant S, Khademhosseini A. Anisotropic poly (glycerol sebacate)-poly (
ϵ
-caprolactone) electrospun fibers promote endothelial cell guidance. Biofabrication 2014; 7:015001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/1/015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Dubé J, Bourget JM, Gauvin R, Lafrance H, Roberge CJ, Auger FA, Germain L. Progress in developing a living human tissue-engineered tri-leaflet heart valve assembled from tissue produced by the self-assembly approach. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3563-70. [PMID: 24813743 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aortic heart valve is constantly subjected to pulsatile flow and pressure gradients which, associated with cardiovascular risk factors and abnormal hemodynamics (i.e. altered wall shear stress), can cause stenosis and calcification of the leaflets and result in valve malfunction and impaired circulation. Available options for valve replacement include homograft, allogenic or xenogenic graft as well as the implantation of a mechanical valve. A tissue-engineered heart valve containing living autologous cells would represent an alternative option, particularly for pediatric patients, but still needs to be developed. The present study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a living tissue sheet produced by the self-assembly method, to replace the bovine pericardium currently used for the reconstruction of a stented human heart valve. In this study, human fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of sodium ascorbate to produce tissue sheets. These sheets were superimposed to create a thick construct. Tissue pieces were cut from these constructs and assembled together on a stent, based on techniques used for commercially available replacement valves. Histology and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the fibroblasts were embedded in a dense extracellular matrix produced in vitro. The mechanical properties measured were consistent with the fact that the engineered tissue was resistant and could be cut, sutured and assembled on a wire frame typically used in bioprosthetic valve assembly. After a culture period in vitro, the construct was cohesive and did not disrupt or disassemble. The tissue engineered heart valve was stimulated in a pulsatile flow bioreactor and was able to sustain multiple duty cycles. This prototype of a tissue-engineered heart valve containing cells embedded in their own extracellular matrix and sewn on a wire frame has the potential to be strong enough to support physiological stress. The next step will be to test this valve extensively in a bioreactor and at a later date, in a large animal model in order to assess in vivo patency of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Dubé
- Centre d'organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de recherche FRQS du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 1401, 18(eme) rue, G1J 1Z4 Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Bourget
- Centre d'organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de recherche FRQS du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 1401, 18(eme) rue, G1J 1Z4 Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Gauvin
- Centre d'organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de recherche FRQS du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 1401, 18(eme) rue, G1J 1Z4 Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Lafrance
- Edwards Lifesciences LLC, One Edwards Way, Irvine, CA 92614, USA
| | - Charles J Roberge
- Centre d'organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de recherche FRQS du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 1401, 18(eme) rue, G1J 1Z4 Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François A Auger
- Centre d'organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de recherche FRQS du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 1401, 18(eme) rue, G1J 1Z4 Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre d'organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de recherche FRQS du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 1401, 18(eme) rue, G1J 1Z4 Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC, Canada.
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26
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Jana S, Tefft BJ, Spoon DB, Simari RD. Scaffolds for tissue engineering of cardiac valves. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2877-93. [PMID: 24675108 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineered heart valves offer a promising alternative for the replacement of diseased heart valves avoiding the limitations faced with currently available bioprosthetic and mechanical heart valves. In the paradigm of tissue engineering, a three-dimensional platform - the so-called scaffold - is essential for cell proliferation, growth and differentiation, as well as the ultimate generation of a functional tissue. A foundation for success in heart valve tissue engineering is a recapitulation of the complex design and diverse mechanical properties of a native valve. This article reviews technological details of the scaffolds that have been applied to date in heart valve tissue engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jana
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - B J Tefft
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - D B Spoon
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - R D Simari
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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27
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Masoumi N, Annabi N, Assmann A, Larson BL, Hjortnaes J, Alemdar N, Kharaziha M, Manning KB, Mayer JE, Khademhosseini A. Tri-layered elastomeric scaffolds for engineering heart valve leaflets. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7774-85. [PMID: 24947233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) that can grow and remodel have the potential to serve as permanent replacements of the current non-viable prosthetic valves particularly for pediatric patients. A major challenge in designing functional TEHVs is to mimic both structural and anisotropic mechanical characteristics of the native valve leaflets. To establish a more biomimetic model of TEHV, we fabricated tri-layered scaffolds by combining electrospinning and microfabrication techniques. These constructs were fabricated by assembling microfabricated poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and fibrous PGS/poly(caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun sheets to develop elastic scaffolds with tunable anisotropic mechanical properties similar to the mechanical characteristics of the native heart valves. The engineered scaffolds supported the growth of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the 3D structure and promoted the deposition of heart valve extracellular matrix (ECM). MSCs were also organized and aligned along the anisotropic axes of the engineered tri-layered scaffolds. In addition, the fabricated constructs opened and closed properly in an ex vivo model of porcine heart valve leaflet tissue replacement. The engineered tri-layered scaffolds have the potential for successful translation towards TEHV replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Masoumi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, State College, PA 16802, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Assmann
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstr. 5, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Benjamin L Larson
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Neslihan Alemdar
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keefe B Manning
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - John E Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Masoumi N, Howell MC, Johnson KL, Niesslein MJ, Gerber G, Engelmayr GC. Design and testing of a cyclic stretch and flexure bioreactor for evaluating engineered heart valve tissues based on poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2014; 228:576-586. [PMID: 24898445 DOI: 10.1177/0954411914534837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic flexure and stretch are essential to the function of semilunar heart valves and have demonstrated utility in mechanically conditioning tissue-engineered heart valves. In this study, a cyclic stretch and flexure bioreactor was designed and tested in the context of the bioresorbable elastomer poly(glycerol sebacate). Solid poly(glycerol sebacate) membranes were subjected to cyclic stretch, and micromolded poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds seeded with porcine aortic valvular interstitial cells were subjected to cyclic stretch and flexure. The results demonstrated significant effects of cyclic stretch on poly(glycerol sebacate) mechanical properties, including significant decreases in effective stiffness versus controls. In valvular interstitial cell-seeded scaffolds, cyclic stretch elicited significant increases in DNA and collagen content that paralleled maintenance of effective stiffness. This work provides a basis for investigating the roles of mechanical loading in the formation of tissue-engineered heart valves based on elastomeric scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Masoumi
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M Christian Howell
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Katherine L Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Niesslein
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gene Gerber
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - George C Engelmayr
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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29
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Masoumi N, Larson BL, Annabi N, Kharaziha M, Zamanian B, Shapero KS, Cubberley AT, Camci-Unal G, Manning KB, Mayer JE, Khademhosseini A. Electrospun PGS:PCL microfibers align human valvular interstitial cells and provide tunable scaffold anisotropy. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:929-39. [PMID: 24453182 PMCID: PMC4053480 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) can be useful in the repair of congenital or acquired valvular diseases due to their potential for growth and remodeling. The development of biomimetic scaffolds is a major challenge in heart valve tissue engineering. One of the most important structural characteristics of mature heart valve leaflets is their intrinsic anisotropy, which is derived from the microstructure of aligned collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, a directional electrospinning technique is used to fabricate fibrous poly(glycerol sebacate):poly(caprolactone) (PGS:PCL) scaffolds containing aligned fibers, which resemble native heart valve leaflet ECM networks. In addition, the anisotropic mechanical characteristics of fabricated scaffolds are tuned by changing the ratio of PGS:PCL to mimic the native heart valve's mechanical properties. Primary human valvular interstitial cells (VICs) attach and align along the anisotropic axes of all PGS:PCL scaffolds with various mechanical properties. The cells are also biochemically active in producing heart-valve-associated collagen, vimentin, and smooth muscle actin as determined by gene expression. The fibrous PGS:PCL scaffolds seeded with human VICs mimick the structure and mechanical properties of native valve leaflet tissues and would potentially be suitable for the replacement of heart valves in diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Masoumi
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, Sate College, PA, USA. Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children Hospital and Harvard Medical School 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Larson
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and the David Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Cir, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA
| | - Behnam Zamanian
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA
| | - Kayle S. Shapero
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander T. Cubberley
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, Sate College, PA, USA
| | - Keefe. B. Manning
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, Sate College, PA, USA
| | - John E. Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Cir, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Duan B, Kapetanovic E, Hockaday LA, Butcher JT. Three-dimensional printed trileaflet valve conduits using biological hydrogels and human valve interstitial cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1836-46. [PMID: 24334142 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has great potential to provide a functional de novo living valve replacement, capable of integration with host tissue and growth. Among various valve conduit fabrication techniques, three-dimensional (3-D) bioprinting enables deposition of cells and hydrogels into 3-D constructs with anatomical geometry and heterogeneous mechanical properties. Successful translation of this approach, however, is constrained by the dearth of printable and biocompatible hydrogel materials. Furthermore, it is not known how human valve cells respond to these printed environments. In this study, 3-D printable formulations of hybrid hydrogels are developed, based on methacrylated hyaluronic acid (Me-HA) and methacrylated gelatin (Me-Gel), and used to bioprint heart valve conduits containing encapsulated human aortic valvular interstitial cells (HAVIC). Increasing Me-Gel concentration resulted in lower stiffness and higher viscosity, facilitated cell spreading, and better maintained HAVIC fibroblastic phenotype. Bioprinting accuracy was dependent upon the relative concentrations of Me-Gel and Me-HA, but when optimized enabled the fabrication of a trileaflet valve shape accurate to the original design. HAVIC encapsulated within bioprinted heart valves maintained high viability, and remodeled the initial matrix by depositing collagen and glyosaminoglycans. These findings represent the first rational design of bioprinted trileaflet valve hydrogels that regulate encapsulated human VIC behavior. The use of anatomically accurate living valve scaffolds through bioprinting may accelerate understanding of physiological valve cell interactions and progress towards de novo living valve replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - E Kapetanovic
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L A Hockaday
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J T Butcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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31
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Eslami M, Vrana NE, Zorlutuna P, Sant S, Jung S, Masoumi N, Khavari-Nejad RA, Javadi G, Khademhosseini A. Fiber-reinforced hydrogel scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:399-410. [PMID: 24733776 DOI: 10.1177/0885328214530589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart valve-related disorders are among the major causes of death worldwide. Although prosthetic valves are widely used to treat this pathology, current prosthetic grafts cannot grow with the patient while maintaining normal valve mechanical and hemodynamic properties. Tissue engineering may provide a possible solution to this issue through using biodegradable scaffolds and patients' own cells. Despite their similarity to heart valve tissue, most hydrogel scaffolds are not mechanically suitable for the dynamic stresses of the heart valve microenvironment. In this study, we integrated electrospun poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) microfiber scaffolds, which possess enhanced mechanical properties for heart valve engineering, within a hybrid hydrogel made from methacrylated hyaluronic acid and methacrylated gelatin. Sheep mitral valvular interstitial cells were encapsulated in the hydrogel and evaluated in hydrogel-only, PGS-PCL scaffold-only, and composite scaffold conditions. Although the cellular viability and metabolic activity were similar among all scaffold types, the presence of the hydrogel improved the three-dimensional distribution of mitral valvular interstitial cells. As seen by similar values in both the Young's modulus and the ultimate tensile strength between the PGS-PCL scaffolds and the composites, microfibrous scaffolds preserved their mechanical properties in the presence of the hydrogels. Compared to electrospun or hydrogel scaffolds alone, this combined system may provide a more suitable three-dimensional structure for generating scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Eslami
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Biomedical Engineering Program and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Shilpa Sant
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sungmi Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nafiseh Masoumi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Gholamreza Javadi
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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BaoLin G, Ma PX. Synthetic biodegradable functional polymers for tissue engineering: a brief review. Sci China Chem 2014; 57:490-500. [PMID: 25729390 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds play a crucial role in tissue engineering. Biodegradable polymers with great processing flexibility are the predominant scaffolding materials. Synthetic biodegradable polymers with well-defined structure and without immunological concerns associated with naturally derived polymers are widely used in tissue engineering. The synthetic biodegradable polymers that are widely used in tissue engineering, including polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, polyurethane, and poly (glycerol sebacate) are summarized in this article. New developments in conducting polymers, photoresponsive polymers, amino-acid-based polymers, enzymatically degradable polymers, and peptide-activated polymers are also discussed. In addition to chemical functionalization, the scaffold designs that mimic the nano and micro features of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are presented as well, and composite and nanocomposite scaffolds are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo BaoLin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Peter X Ma
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA ; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA ; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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33
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Engineering of a bio-functionalized hybrid off-the-shelf heart valve. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2130-9. [PMID: 24333025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently available heart valve replacements are limited in long-term performance or fail due to leaflet thickening, lack of growth or remodeling potential. In order to address these issues, it is necessary to mimic multiple factors of the native valvular extracellular matrix (ECM) such as architecture, mechanical behavior and biochemical signals. Here, we successfully generated an electrospun PEGdma-PLA scaffold adapted to the structure and mechanical properties of native valve leaflets. Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and valvular endothelial cells (VECs) were seeded on the scaffold and when cultured under physiological conditions in a bioreactor, the construct performed like a native leaflet. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to obtain detailed mechanical information from the leaflets, which enabled the first layer-specific measurement of the Young's modulus. Interestingly, spongiosa stiffness was much lower compared to the fibrosa and ventricularis. Moreover, investigations into human fetal heart valve development identified collagen type I and versican as important structural proteins. As a proof of principle, these proteins were introduced to the scaffold, demonstrating the ability to bio-functionalize the hybrid valve based on natures' blueprint.
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34
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Silvestri A, Boffito M, Sartori S, Ciardelli G. Biomimetic Materials and Scaffolds for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:984-1019. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Silvestri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Susanna Sartori
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
- CNR-IPCF UOS Pisa; Via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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