1
|
Çakmak A, Fuerkaiti S, Karagüzel D, Karaaslan Ç, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Enhanced Osteogenic Potential of Noggin Knockout C2C12 Cells on BMP-2 Releasing Silk Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6175-6185. [PMID: 37796024 PMCID: PMC10646847 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism offers promising therapeutic approaches for bone regeneration by stimulating or suppressing critical signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to increase the activity of BMP-2 signaling through knockout of Noggin, thereby establishing a synergistic effect on the osteogenic activity of cells in the presence of BMP-2. Since Noggin is an antagonist expressed in skeletal tissues and binds to subunits of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to inhibit osteogenic differentiation, here Noggin expression was knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In accordance with this purpose, C2C12 (mouse myoblast) cells were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids. Transfection was achieved with Lipofectamine and confirmed with intense fluorescent signals in microscopic images and deletion in target sequence in Sanger sequencing analysis. Thus, Noggin knockout cells were identified as a new cell source for tissue engineering studies. Then, the transfected cells were seeded on highly porous silk scaffolds bearing BMP-2-loaded silk nanoparticles (30 ng BMP-2/mg silk nanoparticle) in the size of 288 ± 62 nm. BMP-2 is released from the scaffolds in a controlled manner for up to 60 days. The knockout of Noggin by CRISPR/Cas9 was found to synergistically promote osteogenic differentiation in the presence of BMP-2 through increased Coll1A1 and Ocn expression and mineralization. Gene editing of Noggin and BMP-2 increased almost 2-fold Col1A1 expression and almost 3-fold Ocn expression compared to the control group. Moreover, transfected cells produced extracellular matrix (ECM) containing collagen fibers on the scaffolds and mineral-like structures were formed on the fibers. In addition, mineralization characterized by intense Alizarin red staining was detected in transfected cells cultured in the presence of BMP-2, while the other groups did not exhibit any mineralized areas. As has been demonstrated in this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism has great potential for obtaining new cell sources to be used in tissue engineering studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anıl
Sera Çakmak
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Fuerkaiti
- Division
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Karagüzel
- Department
of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Hacettepe
University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Karaaslan
- Division
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Hacettepe
University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Division
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Galitsyna EV, Buianova AA, Kozhukhov VI, Domogatsky SP, Bukharova TB, Goldshtein DV. Cytocompatibility and Osteoinductive Properties of Collagen-Fibronectin Hydrogel Impregnated with siRNA Targeting Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2363. [PMID: 37760805 PMCID: PMC10525875 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed an osteoplastic material based on collagen-fibronectin hydrogel impregnated with siRNA molecules targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The hydrogel impregnated with polyplexes containing siRNA GSK3β and polyethylenimine has been shown to have no cytotoxic effect: there was no statistically significant change in the cell's viability after 7 days of incubation in its presence compared to the control group. On days 2 and 7, an increase in the level of expression of markers of osteogenic differentiation was observed, which confirms the osteoinductive qualities of the material. It has been demonstrated that the hydrogel maintains cell adhesion. Our results obtained in vitro indicate cytocompatibility and osteoinductive properties of collagen-fibronectin hydrogel impregnated with siRNA GSK3β molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Galitsyna
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye Str., 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim I. Kozhukhov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey P. Domogatsky
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana B. Bukharova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye Str., 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhong R, Talebian S, Mendes BB, Wallace G, Langer R, Conde J, Shi J. Hydrogels for RNA delivery. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:818-831. [PMID: 36941391 PMCID: PMC10330049 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have shown tremendous promise in disease intervention at the genetic level, and some have been approved for clinical use, including the recent COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines. The clinical success of RNA therapy is largely dependent on the use of chemical modification, ligand conjugation or non-viral nanoparticles to improve RNA stability and facilitate intracellular delivery. Unlike molecular-level or nanoscale approaches, macroscopic hydrogels are soft, water-swollen three-dimensional structures that possess remarkable features such as biodegradability, tunable physiochemical properties and injectability, and recently they have attracted enormous attention for use in RNA therapy. Specifically, hydrogels can be engineered to exert precise spatiotemporal control over the release of RNA therapeutics, potentially minimizing systemic toxicity and enhancing in vivo efficacy. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogel loading of RNAs and hydrogel design for controlled release, highlights their biomedical applications and offers our perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in this exciting field of RNA delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Zhong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sepehr Talebian
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bárbara B Mendes
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gordon Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ngarande E, Doubell E, Tamgue O, Mano M, Human P, Giacca M, Davies NH. Modified fibrin hydrogel for sustained delivery of RNAi lipopolyplexes in skeletal muscle. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac101. [PMID: 36726610 PMCID: PMC9887344 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference is a promising therapeutical approach presently hindered by delivery concerns such as rapid RNA degradation and targeting of individual tissues. Injectable hydrogels are one potentially simple and direct route towards overcoming these barriers. Here we report on the utility of a combination of a mildly modified form of the clinically utilised fibrin hydrogel with Invivofectamine® 3.0, a lipid nonviral transfection vector, for local and sustained release. PEGylation of fibrin allowed for controlled release of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-lipopolyplexes for at least 10 days and greatly increased the stability of fibrin in vitro and in vivo. A 3D cell culture model and a release study showed transfection efficacy of siRNA-lipopolyplexes was retained for a minimum of 7 days. Injection in conjunction with PEGylated-fibrinogen significantly increased retention of siRNA-lipopolyplexes in mouse skeletal muscle and enhanced knockdown of myostatin mRNA that correlated with muscle growth. Thus, the increased efficacy observed here for the combination of a lipid nanoparticle, the only type of nonviral vector approved for the clinic, with fibrin, might allow for more rapid translation of injectable hydrogel-based RNA interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Ngarande
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Emma Doubell
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | | | - Manuel Mano
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Paul Human
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin S, Yin S, Shi J, Yang G, Wen X, Zhang W, Zhou M, Jiang X. Orchestration of energy metabolism and osteogenesis by Mg2+ facilitates low-dose BMP-2-driven regeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:116-127. [PMID: 35387176 PMCID: PMC8961427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is limited by several factors, including ineffectiveness at low doses and severe adverse effects at high doses. To address these efficacy and safety limitations, we explored whether orchestration of energy metabolism and osteogenesis by magnesium ion (Mg2+) could reduce the dose and thereby improve the safety of BMP-2. Our results demonstrated that rapid metabolic activation triggered by BMP-2 was indispensable for subsequent osteogenesis. Moreover, inadequate metabolic stimulation was shown to be responsible for the ineffectiveness of low-dose BMP-2. Next, we identified that Mg2+, as an ''energy propellant", substantially increased cellular bioenergetic levels to support the osteogenesis via the Akt-glycolysis-Mrs2-mitochondrial axis, and consequently enhanced the osteoinductivity of BMP-2. Based on the mechanistic discovery, microgel composite hydrogels were fabricated as low-dose BMP-2/Mg2+ codelivery system through microfluidic and 3D printing technologies. An in vivo study further confirmed that rapid and robust bone regeneration was induced by the codelivery system. Collectively, these results suggest that this bioenergetic-driven, cost-effective, low-dose BMP-2-based strategy has substantial potential for bone repair. BMP-2 triggered rapid metabolic adaption, characterized by the successive activation of glycolysis and OxPhos. Inadequate activation of metabolic state led to the ineffectiveness of low-dose BMP-2. Mg2+ elevated the bioenergetic levels and enhance the efficacy of BMP-2 via the Akt-glycolysis-Mrs2-mitochondrial axis. Composite hydrogels with BMP-2 and "energy propellant" Mg2+ were fabricated to orchestrate metabolism and osteogenesis. The hydrogels achieved efficient low-dose BMP-2-driven regeneration in vivo.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kurt E, Segura T. Nucleic Acid Delivery from Granular Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101867. [PMID: 34742164 PMCID: PMC8810690 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid delivery has applications ranging from tissue engineering to vaccine development to infectious disease. Cationic polymer condensed nucleic acids are used with surface-coated porous scaffolds and are able to promote long-term gene expression. However, due to surface loading of the scaffold, there is a limit to the amount of nucleic acid that can be loaded, resulting in decreasing expression rate over time. In addition, surface-coated scaffolds are generally non-injectable. Here, it is demonstrated that cationic polymer condensed nucleic acids can be effectively loaded into injectable granular hydrogel scaffolds by stabilizing the condensed nucleic acid into a lyophilized powder, loading the powder into a bulk hydrogel, and then fragmenting the loaded hydrogel. The resulting hydrogel microparticles contain non-aggregated nucleic acid particles, can be annealed post-injection to result in an injectable microporous hydrogel, and can effectively deliver nucleic acids to embedded cells with a constant expression rate. Due to the nature of granular hydrogels, it is demonstrated that mixtures of loaded and unloaded particles and spatially resolved gene expression can be easily achieved. The ability to express genes long term from an injectable porous hydrogel will further open the applications of nucleic acid delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Kurt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Departments Neurology and Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Enhanced osteogenic effect in reduced BMP-2 doses with siNoggin transfected pre-osteoblasts in 3D silk scaffolds. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121352. [PMID: 34883207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-2, are being increasingly used in bone tissue engineering due to its osteo-inductive effects. Although recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use for bone repair, its high doses cause undesired side effects. In order to reduce the BMP-2 dose for enhanced osteogenic differentiation, in this study we decided to suppress the synthesis of Noggin protein, the primary antagonist of BMP-2, on the MC3T3-E1 cells using Noggin targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA). Unlike other studies, Noggin siRNA (siNoggin) transfected cells were seeded on silk scaffolds, and osteogenic differentiation was investigated for a long-term period (21 days) with MTT, qPCR, SEM/EDS, and histological analysis. Besides, siNoggin transfected MC3T3-E1 cells were evaluated as a new cell source for tissue engineering studies. It was determined that Nog gene expression was suppressed in the siNoggin group and Ocn gene expression increased 5-fold compared to the control group (*p < 0.05). The osteogenic effect of BMP-2 was clearly observed in siNoggin transfected cells. According to the SEM/EDS analysis, the siNoggin group has mineral structures clustered on cells, which contain intense Ca and P elements. Histological staining showed that the siNoggin group has a more intense mineralized area than that of the control group. In conclusion, this study indicated that Noggin silencing by siRNA induces osteogenic differentiation in reduced BMP-2 doses for scaffold-based bone regeneration. This non-gene integration strategy has as a safe therapeutic potential to enhance tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
8
|
Weng T, Wang J, Yang M, Zhang W, Wu P, You C, Han C, Wang X. Nanomaterials for the delivery of bioactive factors to enhance angiogenesis of dermal substitutes during wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkab049. [PMID: 36960274 PMCID: PMC8944711 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Dermal substitutes provide a template for dermal regeneration and reconstruction. They constitutes an ideal clinical treatment for deep skin defects. However, rapid vascularization remains as a major hurdle to the development and application of dermal substitutes. Several bioactive factors play an important regulatory role in the process of angiogenesis and an understanding of the mechanism of achieving their effective delivery and sustained function is vital. Nanomaterials have great potential for tissue engineering. Effective delivery of bioactive factors (including growth factors, peptides and nucleic acids) by nanomaterials is of increasing research interest. This paper discusses the process of dermal substitute angiogenesis and the roles of related bioactive factors in this process. The application of nanomaterials for the delivery of bioactive factors to enhance angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing is also reviewed. We focus on new systems and approaches for delivering bioactive factors for enhancing angiogenesis in dermal substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Chuangang You
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Andrée L, Yang F, Brock R, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Designing biomaterials for the delivery of RNA therapeutics to stimulate bone healing. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100105. [PMID: 33912824 PMCID: PMC8063862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acids (small interfering RNA, microRNA, and messenger RNA) have been emerging as a promising new class of therapeutics for bone regeneration. So far, however, research has mostly focused on stability and complexation of these oligonucleotides for systemic delivery. By comparison, delivery of RNA nanocomplexes from biomaterial carriers can facilitate a spatiotemporally controlled local delivery of osteogenic oligonucleotides. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in the design of biomaterials which allow for temporal and spatial control over RNA delivery. We correlate this concept of spatiotemporally controlled RNA delivery to the most relevant events that govern bone regeneration to evaluate to which extent tuning of release kinetics is required. In addition, inspired by the physiological principles of bone regeneration, potential new RNA targets are presented. Finally, considerations for clinical translation and upscaled production are summarized to stimulate the design of clinically relevant RNA-releasing biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Andrée
- Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - F Yang
- Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - R Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - S C G Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elangovan S, Gajendrareddy P, Ravindran S, Salem AK. Emerging local delivery strategies to enhance bone regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:062001. [PMID: 32647095 PMCID: PMC10148649 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aba446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In orthopedics and dentistry there is an increasing need for novel biomaterials and clinical strategies to achieve predictable bone regeneration. These novel molecular strategies have the potential to eliminate the limitations of currently available approaches. Specifically, they have the potential to reduce or eliminate the need to harvest autogenous bone, and the overall complexity of the clinical procedures. In this review, emerging tissue engineering strategies that have been, or are currently being, developed based on the current understanding of bone biology, development and wound healing will be discussed. In particular, protein/peptide based approaches, DNA/RNA therapeutics, cell therapy, and the use of exosomes will be briefly covered. The review ends with a summary of the current status of these approaches, their clinical translational potentials and their challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carballo-Pedrares N, Fuentes-Boquete I, Díaz-Prado S, Rey-Rico A. Hydrogel-Based Localized Nonviral Gene Delivery in Regenerative Medicine Approaches-An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E752. [PMID: 32785171 PMCID: PMC7464633 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel-based nonviral gene delivery constitutes a powerful strategy in various regenerative medicine scenarios, as those concerning the treatment of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or neural tissues disorders as well as wound healing. By a minimally invasive administration, these systems can provide a spatially and temporarily defined supply of specific gene sequences into the target tissue cells that are overexpressing or silencing the original gene, which can promote natural repairing mechanisms to achieve the desired effect. In the present work, we provide an overview of the most avant-garde approaches using various hydrogels systems for controlled delivery of therapeutic nucleic acid molecules in different regenerative medicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carballo-Pedrares
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.C.-P.); (I.F.-B.); (S.D.-P.)
| | - Isaac Fuentes-Boquete
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.C.-P.); (I.F.-B.); (S.D.-P.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Prado
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.C.-P.); (I.F.-B.); (S.D.-P.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana Rey-Rico
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.C.-P.); (I.F.-B.); (S.D.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao L, Weng W, Cheng K, Wang L, Dong L, Lin J, Sheng K. Novel Platform for Surface-Mediated Gene Delivery Assisted with Visible-Light Illumination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17290-17301. [PMID: 32208666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface-mediated gene delivery has attracted more and more attentions in biomedical research and applications because of its characteristics of low toxicity and localized delivery. Herein, a novel visible-light-regulated, surface-mediated gene-delivery platform is exhibited, arising from the photoinduced surface-charge accumulation on silicon. Silicon with a pn junction is used and tested subsequently for the behavior of surface-mediated gene delivery under visible-light illumination. It is found that positive-charge accumulation under light illumination changes the surface potential and then facilitates the delivery of gene-loaded carriers. As a result, the gene-expression efficiency shows a significant improvement from 6% to 28% under a 10 min visible-light illumination. Such improvement is ascribed to the increase in surface potential caused by light illumination, which promotes both the release of gene-loaded carriers and the cellular uptake. This work suggests that silicon with photovoltaic effect could offer a new strategy for surface-mediated, gene-delivery-related biomedical research and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Kuang Sheng
- College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leng Q, Chen L, Lv Y. RNA-based scaffolds for bone regeneration: application and mechanisms of mRNA, miRNA and siRNA. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3190-3205. [PMID: 32194862 PMCID: PMC7053199 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 1.5 million patients undergo bone graft surgeries annually, and the development of biomaterial scaffolds that mimic natural bone for bone grafting remains a tremendous challenge. In recent decades, due to the improved understanding of the mechanisms of bone remodeling and the rapid development of gene therapy, RNA (including messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and short interfering RNA (siRNA)) has attracted increased attention as a new tool for bone tissue engineering due to its unique nature and great potential to cure bone defects. Different types of RNA play roles via a variety of mechanisms in bone-related cells in vivo as well as after synthesis in vitro. In addition, RNAs are delivered to injured sites by loading into scaffolds or systemic administration after combination with vectors for bone tissue engineering. However, the challenge of effectively and stably delivering RNA into local tissue remains to be solved. This review describes the mechanisms of the three types of RNAs and the application of the relevant types of RNA delivery vectors and scaffolds in bone regeneration. The improvements in their development are also discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Chen M, Dai Z, Cao H, Li J, Zhang W. Sustained protein therapeutics enabled by self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels for non-invasive bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:682-693. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The self-healing nanocomposite hydrogel for sustained release of BMP-2 to enhance bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200011
| | - Zhaobo Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200011
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nguyen MK, Huynh CT, Gilewski A, Wilner SE, Maier KE, Kwon N, Levy M, Alsberg E. Covalently tethering siRNA to hydrogels for localized, controlled release and gene silencing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0801. [PMID: 31489374 PMCID: PMC6713499 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has found many applications in tissue regeneration and disease therapeutics. Effective and localized siRNA delivery remains challenging, reducing its therapeutic potential. Here, we report a strategy to control and prolong siRNA release by directly tethering transfection-capable siRNA to photocrosslinked dextran hydrogels. siRNA release is governed via the hydrolytic degradation of ester and/or disulfide linkages between the siRNA and hydrogels, which is independent of hydrogel degradation rate. The released siRNA is shown to be bioactive by inhibiting protein expression in green fluorescent protein-expressing HeLa cells without the need of a transfection agent. This strategy provides an excellent platform for controlling nucleic acid delivery through covalent bonds with a biomaterial and regulating cellular gene expression, which has promising potential in many biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cong Truc Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Gilewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Samantha E. Wilner
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Keith E. Maier
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nicholas Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mathew Levy
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Vitrisa Therapeutics Inc., 701 W Main St. Suite 200, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang J, Lin C, Fang J, Li X, Wang J, Deng S, Zhang S, Su W, Feng X, Chen B, Cheng D, Shuai X. pH-Sensitive Nanocarrier-Mediated Codelivery of Simvastatin and Noggin siRNA for Synergistic Enhancement of Osteogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28471-28482. [PMID: 30067011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inexpensive hypolipidemic drug simvastatin (SIM), which promotes bone regeneration by enhancing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression, has been regarded as an ideal alternative to BMP-2 therapy. However, SIM has low bioavailability and may induce the upregulation of the BMP-2-antagonistic noggin protein, which greatly limits the osteogenic effect. Here, a pH-sensitive copolymer, monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)- b-branched polyethyleneimine- b-poly( N-( N', N'-diisopropylaminoethyl)- co-benzylamino)aspartamide (mPEG-bPEI-PAsp(DIP-BzA)) (PBP), was synthesized and self-assembled into a cationic micelle. SIM and siRNA targeting the noggin gene (N-siRNA) were loaded into the PAsp(DIP-BzA) core and the cationic bPEI interlayer of the micelle via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, respectively. The SIM-loaded micelle effectively delivered SIM into preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and rapidly released it inside the acidic lysosome, resulting in the elevated expression of BMP-2. Meanwhile, the codelivered N-siRNA effectively suppressed the expression of noggin. Consequently, SIM and N-siRNA synergistically increased the BMP-2/noggin ratio and resulted in an obviously higher osteogenetic effect than did simvastatin or N-siRNA alone, both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Huang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Chaowen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Jintao Fang
- Department of Microsurgery & Orthopedic Trauma , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Jin Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510630 , China
| | - Shaohui Deng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Wanhan Su
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Longyan First Hospital , Fujian Medical University , Longyan 364000 , Fujian , China
| | - Xiaoreng Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510630 , China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dzobo K, Thomford NE, Senthebane DA, Shipanga H, Rowe A, Dandara C, Pillay M, Motaung KSCM. Advances in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: Innovation and Transformation of Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2495848. [PMID: 30154861 PMCID: PMC6091336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2495848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals lose tissues and organs due to congenital defects, trauma, and diseases. The human body has a low regenerative potential as opposed to the urodele amphibians commonly referred to as salamanders. Globally, millions of people would benefit immensely if tissues and organs can be replaced on demand. Traditionally, transplantation of intact tissues and organs has been the bedrock to replace damaged and diseased parts of the body. The sole reliance on transplantation has created a waiting list of people requiring donated tissues and organs, and generally, supply cannot meet the demand. The total cost to society in terms of caring for patients with failing organs and debilitating diseases is enormous. Scientists and clinicians, motivated by the need to develop safe and reliable sources of tissues and organs, have been improving therapies and technologies that can regenerate tissues and in some cases create new tissues altogether. Tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine are fields of life science employing both engineering and biological principles to create new tissues and organs and to promote the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. Major advances and innovations are being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and have a huge impact on three-dimensional bioprinting (3D bioprinting) of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting holds great promise for artificial tissue and organ bioprinting, thereby revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine. This review discusses how recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can improve 3D bioprinting and vice versa. Several challenges must be overcome in the application of 3D bioprinting before this disruptive technology is widely used to create organotypic constructs for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hendrina Shipanga
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arielle Rowe
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Pillay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kowalczewski CJ, Saul JM. Biomaterials for the Delivery of Growth Factors and Other Therapeutic Agents in Tissue Engineering Approaches to Bone Regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:513. [PMID: 29896102 PMCID: PMC5986909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture followed by delayed or non-union typically requires bone graft intervention. Autologous bone grafts remain the clinical "gold standard". Recently, synthetic bone grafts such as Medtronic's Infuse Bone Graft have opened the possibility to pharmacological and tissue engineering strategies to bone repair following fracture. This clinically-available strategy uses an absorbable collagen sponge as a carrier material for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and a similar strategy has been employed by Stryker with BMP-7, also known as osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1). A key advantage to this approach is its "off-the-shelf" nature, but there are clear drawbacks to these products such as edema, inflammation, and ectopic bone growth. While there are clinical challenges associated with a lack of controlled release of rhBMP-2 and OP-1, these are among the first clinical examples to wed understanding of biological principles with biochemical production of proteins and pharmacological principles to promote tissue regeneration (known as regenerative pharmacology). After considering the clinical challenges with such synthetic bone grafts, this review considers the various biomaterial carriers under investigation to promote bone regeneration. This is followed by a survey of the literature where various pharmacological approaches and molecular targets are considered as future strategies to promote more rapid and mature bone regeneration. From the review, it should be clear that pharmacological understanding is a key aspect to developing these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin M Saul
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moreno PMD, Ferreira AR, Salvador D, Rodrigues MT, Torrado M, Carvalho ED, Tedebark U, Sousa MM, Amaral IF, Wengel J, Pêgo AP. Hydrogel-Assisted Antisense LNA Gapmer Delivery for In Situ Gene Silencing in Spinal Cord Injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:393-406. [PMID: 29858074 PMCID: PMC5992461 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), nerve regeneration is severely hampered due to the establishment of a highly inhibitory microenvironment at the injury site, through the contribution of multiple factors. The potential of antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) to modify gene expression at different levels, allowing the regulation of cell survival and cell function, together with the availability of chemically modified nucleic acids with favorable biopharmaceutical properties, make AONs an attractive tool for novel SCI therapy developments. In this work, we explored the potential of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified AON gapmers in combination with a fibrin hydrogel bridging material to induce gene silencing in situ at a SCI lesion site. LNA gapmers were effectively developed against two promising gene targets aiming at enhancing axonal regeneration-RhoA and GSK3β. The fibrin-matrix-assisted AON delivery system mediated potent RNA knockdown in vitro in a dorsal root ganglion explant culture system and in vivo at a SCI lesion site, achieving around 75% downregulation 5 days after hydrogel injection. Our results show that local implantation of a AON-gapmer-loaded hydrogel matrix mediated efficient gene silencing in the lesioned spinal cord and is an innovative platform that can potentially combine gene regulation with regenerative permissive substrates aiming at SCI therapeutics and nerve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M D Moreno
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Salvador
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria T Rodrigues
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marília Torrado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva D Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ulf Tedebark
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, 75184 Uppsala, Sweden; SynMer AB, 17568 Järfälla, Sweden
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Nerve Regeneration Group, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel F Amaral
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu P, Chen H, Jin R, Weng T, Ho JK, You C, Zhang L, Wang X, Han C. Non-viral gene delivery systems for tissue repair and regeneration. J Transl Med 2018; 16:29. [PMID: 29448962 PMCID: PMC5815227 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical tissue defects frequently result from trauma, burns, chronic wounds and/or surgery. The ideal treatment for such tissue loss is autografting, but donor sites are often limited. Tissue engineering (TE) is an inspiring alternative for tissue repair and regeneration (TRR). One of the current state-of-the-art methods for TRR is gene therapy. Non-viral gene delivery systems (nVGDS) have great potential for TE and have several advantages over viral delivery including lower immunogenicity and toxicity, better cell specificity, better modifiability, and higher productivity. However, there is no ideal nVGDS for TRR, hence, there is widespread research to improve their properties. This review introduces the basic principles and key aspects of commonly-used nVGDSs. We focus on recent advances in their applications, current challenges, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Haojiao Chen
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jon Kee Ho
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chuangang You
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xia Y, Zhao M, Chen Y, Hua L, Xu T, Wang C, Li Y, Zhu B. Folate-targeted selenium nanoparticles deliver therapeutic siRNA to improve hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25932-25940. [PMID: 35541982 PMCID: PMC9082925 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04204g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain a tumor targeting siRNA delivery vehicle for hepatocellular carcinoma treatments, functionalized selenium nanoparticles, Se–PEI–FA, were first prepared by decorating selenium nanoparticles with polycationic polymers, polyethylenimine (PEI), linked with folic acid (FA). FA functions as the tumor-targeted molecule to enhance tumor targeting activity, and PEI conjugates FA and siRNA. Se–PEI–FA@siRNA entered HepG2 cells principally via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Due to the active tumor targeting effectiveness of FA, Se–PEI–FA@siRNA has significantly higher cellular uptake and gene silencing efficiency, and more apparent cytotoxicity, in HepG2 cells compared with Se–PEI@siRNA. The silencing of HES5 by Se–PEI–FA@siRNA could induce HepG2 cells arrest at G0/G1 phase possibly via inhibiting protein expression of CDK2, cyclinE, and cyclinD1, and up-regulating the protein expression of p21. More importantly, Se–PEI–FA@siRNA exhibits more significant antitumor efficacy compared with Se–PEI@siRNA in vivo. Additionally, Se–PEI–FA@siRNA exhibits low toxicity to the important organs of tumor-bearing mice. This research provides an effective strategy for the design of tumor-targeted nanodrugs against hepatocellular carcinoma. We provide an effective strategy for the design of tumor-targeted nanodrugs against hepatocellular carcinoma by functionalising Se nanoparticles with polyethylenimine linked with folic acid and siRNA.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Virus Laboratory
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510120
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- Virus Laboratory
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510120
| | - Yi Chen
- Virus Laboratory
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510120
| | - Liang Hua
- Virus Laboratory
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510120
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Virus Laboratory
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510120
| | - Changbing Wang
- Virus Laboratory
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510120
| | - Yinghua Li
- Virus Laboratory
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510120
| | - Bing Zhu
- Virus Laboratory
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510120
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghadakzadeh S, Hamdy R, Tabrizian M. Efficient in vitro delivery of Noggin siRNA enhances osteoblastogenesis. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00450. [PMID: 29167826 PMCID: PMC5686427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of serious bone defects would not heal without invasive clinical intervention. One approach to such defects is to enhance the capacity of bone-formation cells. Exogenous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have been utilized to positively regulate matrix mineralization and osteoblastogenesis, however, numerous adverse effects are associated with this approach. Noggin, a potent antagonist of BMPs, is an ideal candidate to target and decrease the need for supraphysiological doses of BMPs. In the current research we report a novel siRNA-mediated gene knock-down strategy to down-regulate Noggin. We utilized a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery strategy in pre-osteoblastic rat cells. In vitro LNP-siRNA treatment caused inconsequential cell toxicity and transfection was achieved in over 85% of cells. Noggin siRNA treatment successfully down-regulated cellular Noggin protein levels and enhanced BMP signal activity which in turn resulted in significantly increased osteoblast differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization evidenced by histological assessments. Gene expression analysis showed that targeting Noggin specifically in bone cells would not lead to a compensatory effect from other BMP negative regulators such as Gremlin and Chordin. The results from this study support the notion that novel therapeutics targeting Noggin have the clinically relevant potential to enhance bone formation without the need for toxic doses of exogenous BMPs. Such treatments will undeniably provide safe and economical treatments for individuals whose poor bone repair results in permanent morbidity and disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ghadakzadeh
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R.C. Hamdy
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - M. Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stoll H, Steinle H, Stang K, Kunnakattu S, Scheideler L, Neumann B, Kurz J, Degenkolbe I, Perle N, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Generation of Large-Scale DNA Hydrogels with Excellent Blood and Cell Compatibility. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27758025 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of biomaterials codetermine the success of tissue engineering applications. DNA, the natural component of our cells, is an auspicious biomaterial for the generation of designable scaffolds with tailorable characteristics. In this study, a combination of rolling circle amplification and multiprimed chain amplification is used to generate hydrogels at centimeter scale consisting solely of DNA. Using an in vitro rotation model and fresh human blood, the reaction of the hemostatic system on DNA hydrogels is analyzed. The measurements of hemolysis, platelets activation, and the activation of the complement, coagulation, and neutrophils using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrate excellent hemocompatibility. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the DNA hydrogels is tested by indirect contact (agar diffusion tests) and material extract experiments with L929 murine fibroblasts according to the ISO 10993-5 specifications and no negative impact on the cell viability is detected. These results indicate the promising potential of DNA hydrogels as biomaterials for versatile applications in the field of regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Stoll
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heidrun Steinle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Stang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silju Kunnakattu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Scheideler
- Section "Medical Material Science and Technology", Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstraße 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kurz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ilka Degenkolbe
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadja Perle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsekoura EK, K C RB, Uludag H. Biomaterials to Facilitate Delivery of RNA Agents in Bone Regeneration and Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:1195-1206. [PMID: 33440509 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone healing after traumatic injuries or pathological diseases remains an important worldwide problem. In search of safer and more effective approaches to bone regeneration and repair, RNA-based therapeutic agents, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNA (siRNA), are beginning to be actively explored. In this review, we summarize current attempts to employ miRNAs and siRNAs in preclinical models of bone repair. We provide a summary of current limitations when attempting to utilize bioactive nucleic acids for therapeutic purposes and position the unique aspects of RNA reagents for clinical bone repair. Delivery strategies for RNA reagents are emphasized and nonviral carriers (biomaterial-based) employed to deliver such reagents are reviewed. Critical features of biomaterial carriers and various delivery technologies centered around nanoparticulate systems are highlighted. We conclude with the authors' perspectives on the future of the field, outlining main critical issues important to address as RNA reagents are explored for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni K Tsekoura
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and §Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Remant Bahadur K C
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and §Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludag
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|