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Walker M, Pringle EW, Ciccone G, Oliver-Cervelló L, Tassieri M, Gourdon D, Cantini M. Mind the Viscous Modulus: The Mechanotransductive Response to the Viscous Nature of Isoelastic Matrices Regulates Stem Cell Chondrogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302571. [PMID: 38014647 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The design of hydrogels as mimetics of tissues' matrices typically disregards the viscous nature of native tissues and focuses only on their elastic properties. In the case of stem cell chondrogenesis, this has led to contradictory results, likely due to unreported changes in the matrices' viscous modulus. Here, by employing isoelastic matrices with Young's modulus of ≈12 kPa, variations in viscous properties alone (i.e., loss tangent between 0.1 and 0.25) are demonstrated to be sufficient to drive efficient growth factor-free chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells, both in 2D and 3D cultures. The increase of the viscous component of RGD-functionalized polyacrylamide or polyethylene glycol maleimide hydrogels promotes a phenotype with reduced adhesion, alters mechanosensitive signaling, and boosts cell-cell contacts. In turn, this upregulates the chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 and supports neocartilage formation, demonstrating that the mechanotransductive response to the viscous nature of the matrix can be harnessed to direct cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Eonan William Pringle
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Giuseppe Ciccone
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Lluís Oliver-Cervelló
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
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Ferreira SA, Tallia F, Heyraud A, Walker SA, Salzlechner C, Jones JR, Rankin SM. 3D printed hybrid scaffolds do not induce adverse inflammation in mice and direct human BM-MSC chondrogenesis in vitro. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2024; 13:100087. [PMID: 38312434 PMCID: PMC10835132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2024.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials that can improve the healing of articular cartilage lesions are needed. To address this unmet need, we developed novel 3D printed silica/poly(tetrahydrofuran)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH) hybrid scaffolds. Our aim was to carry out essential studies to advance this medical device towards functional validation in pre-clinical trials. First, we show that the chemical composition, microarchitecture and mechanical properties of these scaffolds were not affected by sterilisation with gamma irradiation. To evaluate the systemic and local immunogenic reactivity of the sterilised 3D printed hybrid scaffolds, they were implanted subcutaneously into Balb/c mice. The scaffolds did not trigger a systemic inflammatory response over one week of implantation. The interaction between the host immune system and the implanted scaffold elicited a local physiological reaction with infiltration of mononuclear cells without any signs of a chronic inflammatory response. Then, we investigated how these 3D printed hybrid scaffolds direct chondrogenesis in vitro. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) seeded within the 3D printed hybrid scaffolds were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, with or without chondrogenic supplements. Chondrogenic differentiation assessed by both gene expression and protein production analyses showed that 3D printed hybrid scaffolds support hBM-MSC chondrogenesis. Articular cartilage-specific extracellular matrix deposition within these scaffolds was enhanced under hypoxic conditions (1.7 or 3.7 fold increase in the median of aggrecan production in basal or chondrogenic differentiation media). Our findings show that 3D printed SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH hybrid scaffolds have the potential to support the regeneration of cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agathe Heyraud
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simone A. Walker
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Julian R. Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara M. Rankin
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Kaur G, Wu B, Murali S, Lanigan T, Coleman RM. A synthetic, closed-looped gene circuit for the autonomous regulation of RUNX2 activity during chondrogenesis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23484. [PMID: 38407380 PMCID: PMC10981937 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300348rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX2 is a key regulator of chondrocyte phenotype during development, making it an ideal target for prevention of undesirable chondrocyte maturation in cartilage tissue-engineering strategies. Here, we engineered an autoregulatory gene circuit (cisCXp-shRunx2) that negatively controls RUNX2 activity in chondrogenic cells via RNA interference initiated by a tunable synthetic Col10a1-like promoter (cisCXp). The cisCXp-shRunx2 gene circuit is designed based on the observation that induced RUNX2 silencing after early chondrogenesis enhances the accumulation of cartilaginous matrix in ATDC5 cells. We show that the cisCXp-shRunx2 initiates RNAi of RUNX2 in maturing chondrocytes in response to the increasing intracellular RUNX2 activity without interfering with early chondrogenesis. The induced loss of RUNX2 activity in turn negatively regulates the gene circuit itself. Moreover, the efficacy of RUNX2 suppression from cisCXp-shRunx2 can be controlled by modifying the sensitivity of cisCXp promoter. Finally, we show the efficacy of inhibiting RUNX2 in preventing matrix loss in human mesenchymal stem cell-derived (hMSC-derived) cartilage under conditions that induce chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, including inflammation. Overall, our results demonstrated that the negative modulation of RUNX2 activity with our autoregulatory gene circuit enhanced matrix synthesis and resisted ECM degradation by reprogrammed MSC-derived chondrocytes in response to the microenvironment of the degenerative joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Biming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sunjana Murali
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Lanigan
- Biomedical Research Vector Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rhima M. Coleman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zhao F, Qiu Y, Liu W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Bian L, Shao L. Biomimetic Hydrogels as the Inductive Endochondral Ossification Template for Promoting Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2303532. [PMID: 38108565 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Repairing critical size bone defects (CSBD) is a major clinical challenge and requires effective intervention by biomaterial scaffolds. Inspired by the fact that the cartilaginous template-based endochondral ossification (ECO) process is crucial to bone healing and development, developing biomimetic biomaterials to promote ECO is recognized as a promising approach for repairing CSBD. With the unique highly hydrated 3D polymeric network, hydrogels can be designed to closely emulate the physiochemical properties of cartilage matrix to facilitate ECO. In this review, the various preparation methods of hydrogels possessing the specific physiochemical properties required for promoting ECO are introduced. The materiobiological impacts of the physicochemical properties of hydrogels, such as mechanical properties, topographical structures and chemical compositions on ECO, and the associated molecular mechanisms related to the BMP, Wnt, TGF-β, HIF-1α, FGF, and RhoA signaling pathways are further summarized. This review provides a detailed coverage on the materiobiological insights required for the design and preparation of hydrogel-based biomaterials to facilitate bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
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Li X, Li D, Li J, Wang G, Yan L, Liu H, Jiu J, Li JJ, Wang B. Preclinical Studies and Clinical Trials on Cell-Based Treatments for Meniscus Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:634-670. [PMID: 37212339 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at performing a thorough review of cell-based treatment strategies for meniscus regeneration in preclinical and clinical studies. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies (both preclinical and clinical) published from the time of database construction to December 2022. Data related to cell-based therapies for in situ regeneration of the meniscus were extracted independently by two researchers. Assessment of risk of bias was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Statistical analyses based on the classification of different treatment strategies were performed. A total of 5730 articles were retrieved, of which 72 preclinical studies and 6 clinical studies were included in this review. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), especially bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs), were the most commonly used cell type. Among preclinical studies, rabbit was the most commonly used animal species, partial meniscectomy was the most commonly adopted injury pattern, and 12 weeks was the most frequently chosen final time point for assessing repair outcomes. A range of natural and synthetic materials were used to aid cell delivery as scaffolds, hydrogels, or other morphologies. In clinical trials, there was large variation in the dose of cells, ranging from 16 × 106 to 150 × 106 cells with an average of 41.52 × 106 cells. The selection of treatment strategy for meniscus repair should be based on the nature of the injury. Cell-based therapies incorporating various "combination" strategies such as co-culture, composite materials, and extra stimulation may offer greater promise than single strategies for effective meniscal tissue regeneration, restoring natural meniscal anisotropy, and eventually achieving clinical translation. Impact Statement This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of preclinical and clinical studies that tested cell-based treatments for meniscus regeneration. It presents novel perspectives on studies published in the past 30 years, giving consideration to the cell sources and dose selection, delivery methods, extra stimulation, animal models and injury patterns, timing of outcome assessment, and histological and biomechanical outcomes, as well as a summary of findings for individual studies. These unique insights will help to shape future research on the repair of meniscus lesions and inform the clinical translation of new cell-based tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dijun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Guishan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingwei Jiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Yuan Z, Liu S, Zhong X, Wang Y, Xie R, Song W, Ren L. Bioactive Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Induce Chondro-Aggregates and Promote Chondrocyte Phenotype. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300153. [PMID: 37400079 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are extensively investigated as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds in tissue engineering. The physiological properties of ECM affect cellular behaviors, which is an inspiration for cell-based therapies. Photocurable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel (AHAMA-PBA) modified with 3-aminophenylboronic acid, sodium periodate, and methacrylic anhydride simultaneously is constructed in this study. Chondrocytes are then cultured on the surface of the hydrogels to evaluate the effect of the physicochemical properties of the hydrogels on modulating cellular behaviors. Cell viability assays demonstrate that the hydrogel is non-toxic to chondrocytes. The existence of phenylboronic acid (PBA) moieties enhances the interaction of chondrocytes and hydrogel, promoting cell adhesion and aggregation through filopodia. RT-PCR indicates that the gene expression levels of type II collagen, Aggrecan, and Sox9 are significantly up-regulated in chondrocytes cultured on hydrogels. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the hydrogels have a significant effect on the cell phenotype, with soft gels (≈2 kPa) promoting chondrocytes to exhibit a hyaline phenotype. Overall, PBA-functionalized HA hydrogel with low stiffness exhibits the best effect on promoting the chondrocyte phenotype, which is a promising biomaterial for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhongrun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sa Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiupeng Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Renjian Xie
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Bio-Fabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Hammad M, Veyssiere A, Leclercq S, Patron V, Baugé C, Boumédiene K. Hypoxia Differentially Affects Chondrogenic Differentiation of Progenitor Cells from Different Origins. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:304-314. [PMID: 37105555 PMCID: PMC10465331 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Ear cartilage malformations are commonly encountered problems in reconstructive surgery, since cartilage has low self-regenerating capacity. Malformations that impose psychological and social burden on one's life are currently treated using ear prosthesis, synthetic implants or autologous flaps from rib cartilage. These approaches are challenging because not only they request high surgical expertise, but also they lack flexibility and induce severe donor-site morbidity. Through the last decade, tissue engineering gained attention where it aims at regenerating human tissues or organs in order to restore normal functions. This technique consists of three main elements, cells, growth factors, and above all, a scaffold that supports cells and guides their behavior. Several studies have investigated different scaffolds prepared from both synthetic or natural materials and their effects on cellular differentiation and behavior. Methods and Results In this study, we investigated a natural scaffold (alginate) as tridimensional hydrogel seeded with progenitors from different origins such as bone marrow, perichondrium and dental pulp. In contact with the scaffold, these cells remained viable and were able to differentiate into chondrocytes when cultured in vitro. Quantitative and qualitative results show the presence of different chondrogenic markers as well as elastic ones for the purpose of ear cartilage, upon different culture conditions. Conclusions We confirmed that auricular perichondrial cells outperform other cells to produce chondrogenic tissue in normal oxygen levels and we report for the first time the effect of hypoxia on these cells. Our results provide updates for cartilage engineering for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hammad
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, EA 7451 BioConnecT, Caen, France
- Fédération Hospitalo Universitaire SURFACE, Amiens, Caen, France
| | - Alexis Veyssiere
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, EA 7451 BioConnecT, Caen, France
- Fédération Hospitalo Universitaire SURFACE, Amiens, Caen, France
- Service de chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Leclercq
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, EA 7451 BioConnecT, Caen, France
- Clinique Saint Martin, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Caen, France
| | - Vincent Patron
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, EA 7451 BioConnecT, Caen, France
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Catherine Baugé
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, EA 7451 BioConnecT, Caen, France
- Fédération Hospitalo Universitaire SURFACE, Amiens, Caen, France
| | - Karim Boumédiene
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, EA 7451 BioConnecT, Caen, France
- Fédération Hospitalo Universitaire SURFACE, Amiens, Caen, France
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Peng Y, Jiang H, Zuo HD. Factors affecting osteogenesis and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:548-560. [PMID: 37424946 PMCID: PMC10324504 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i6.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that often involves progressive cartilage degeneration and bone destruction of subchondral bone. At present, clinical treatment is mainly for pain relief, and there are no effective methods to delay the progression of the disease. When this disease progresses to the advanced stage, the only treatment option for most patients is total knee replacement surgery, which causes patients great pain and anxiety. As a type of stem cell, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multidirectional differentiation potential. The osteogenic differentiation and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs can play vital roles in the treatment of OA, as they can relieve pain in patients and improve joint function. The differentiation direction of MSCs is accurately controlled by a variety of signaling pathways, so there are many factors that can affect the differentiation direction of MSCs by acting on these signaling pathways. When MSCs are applied to OA treatment, the microenvironment of the joints, injected drugs, scaffold materials, source of MSCs and other factors exert specific impacts on the differentiation direction of MSCs. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms by which these factors influence MSC differentiation to produce better curative effects when MSCs are applied clinically in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hou-Dong Zuo
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Radiology, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu 610067, Sichuan Province, China
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Theodoridis K, Aggelidou E, Manthou ME, Kritis A. Hypoxia Promotes Cartilage Regeneration in Cell-Seeded 3D-Printed Bioscaffolds Cultured with a Bespoke 3D Culture Device. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076040. [PMID: 37047021 PMCID: PMC10094683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of oxygen tension on the expansion of ADMSCs and on their differentiation toward their chondrocytic phenotype, regenerating a lab-based cartilaginous tissue with superior characteristics. Controversial results with reference to MSCs that were cultured under different hypoxic levels, mainly in 2D culturing settings combined with or without other biochemical stimulus factors, prompted our team to study the role of hypoxia on MSCs chondrogenic differentiation within an absolute 3D environment. Specifically, we used 3D-printed honeycomb-like PCL matrices seeded with ADMSCs in the presence or absence of TGF and cultured with a prototype 3D cell culture device, which was previously shown to favor nutrient/oxygen supply, cell adhesion, and infiltration within scaffolds. These conditions resulted in high-quality hyaline cartilage that was distributed uniformly within scaffolds. The presence of the TGF medium was necessary to successfully produce cartilaginous tissues with superior molecular and increased biomechanical properties. Despite hypoxia's beneficial effect, it was overall not enough to fully differentiate ADMSCs or even promote cell expansion within 3D scaffolds alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Theodoridis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- CGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Aggelidou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- CGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU) of Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Manthou
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- CGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU) of Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Huang D, Li Y, Ma Z, Lin H, Zhu X, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Collagen hydrogel viscoelasticity regulates MSC chondrogenesis in a ROCK-dependent manner. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9497. [PMID: 36763657 PMCID: PMC9916999 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis in three-dimensional (3D) culture involves dynamic changes in cytoskeleton architecture during mesenchymal condensation before morphogenesis. However, the mechanism linking dynamic mechanical properties of matrix to cytoskeletal changes during chondrogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated how viscoelasticity, a time-dependent mechanical property of collagen hydrogel, coordinates MSC cytoskeleton changes at different stages of chondrogenesis. The viscoelasticity of collagen hydrogel was modulated by controlling the gelling process without chemical cross-linking. In slower-relaxing hydrogels, although a disordered cortical actin promoted early chondrogenic differentiation, persistent myosin hyperactivation resulted in Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-dependent apoptosis. Meanwhile, faster-relaxing hydrogels promoted cell-matrix interactions and eventually facilitated long-term chondrogenesis with mitigated myosin hyperactivation and cell apoptosis, similar to the effect of ROCK inhibitors. The current work not only reveals how matrix viscoelasticity coordinates MSC chondrogenesis and survival in a ROCK-dependent manner but also highlights viscoelasticity as a design parameter for biomaterials for chondrogenic 3D culture.
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Sun Y, Wang TE, Hu Q, Zhang W, Zeng Y, Lai X, Zhang L, Shi M. Systematic comparation of the biological and transcriptomic landscapes of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells under serum-containing and serum-free conditions. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:490. [PMID: 36195964 PMCID: PMC9530421 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are splendid cell sources for clinical application in the administration of numerous refractory and relapse diseases. Despite the preferable prospect of serum-free (SF) condition for cell product standardization and pathogenic contamination remission, yet the systematic and detailed impact upon hAMSCs at both cellular and transcriptomic levels is largely obscure. Methods For the purpose, we preconditioned hAMSCs under serum-containing (SC) and SF medium for 48 h and compared the biological signatures and biofunctions from the view of cell morphology, immunophenotypes, multi-lineage differentiation in vitro, cell vitality, cytokine expression, and immunosuppressive effect upon the subpopulations of T lymphocytes, together with the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling reactivation upon cell vitality. Meanwhile, we took advantage of RNA-SEQ and bioinformatic analyses to verify the gene expression profiling and genetic variation spectrum in the indicated hAMSCs. Results Compared with those maintained in SC medium, hAMSCs pretreated in SF conditions manifested conservation in cell morphology, immunophenotypes, adipogenic differentiation, and immunosuppressive effect upon the proliferation and activation of most of the T cell subpopulations, but with evaluated cytokine expression (e.g., TGF-β1, IDO1, NOS2) and declined osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation as well as proapoptotic and apoptotic cells. The declined proliferation in the SF group was efficiently rescued by PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling reactivation. Notably, hAMSCs cultured in SF and SC conditions revealed similarities in gene expression profiling and variations in genetic mutation at the transcriptome level. Instead, based on the differentially expressed genes and variable shear event analyses, we found those genes were mainly involved in DNA synthesis-, protein metabolism-, and cell vitality-associated biological processes and signaling pathways (e.g., P53, KRAS, PI3K-Akt-mTOR). Conclusions Collectively, our data revealed the multifaceted cellular and molecular properties of hAMSCs under SC and SF conditions, which suggested the feasibility of serum-free culture for the preferable preparation of standardized cell products for hAMSC drug development and clinical application. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03179-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Hematology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Ti-Er Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Qianwen Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Xun Lai
- Department of Hematology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province & NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Radiation Technology and Biophysics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China. .,Center for Cellular Therapies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Mingxia Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
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12
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Cross-evaluation of stiffness measurement methods for hydrogels. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Zhuang Y, Cheng M, Li M, Cui J, Huang J, Zhang C, Si J, Lin K, Yu H. Small extracellular vesicles derived from hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells promote vascularized bone regeneration through the miR-210-3p/EFNA3/PI3K pathway. Acta Biomater 2022; 150:413-426. [PMID: 35850484 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is closely coupled with osteogenesis and has equal importance. Thus, promoting angiogenesis during the bone repair process is vital for ideal bone regeneration. As important mediators of cell-cell communication and biological homeostasis, mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have been proved to be highly involved in bone and vascular regeneration. Because hypoxia microenvironment promotes the proangiogenic activity of MSCs, in the present study, we investigate the effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of sEVs from hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs (hypo-sEVs) on angiogenesis and develop an effective strategy to promote vascularized bone regeneration. Compared to sEVs from normoxia MSCs (nor-sEVs), hypo-sEVs promoted the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs and ultimately enhanced bone regeneration and new blood vessel reconstruction in a critical-size calvarial bone defect model. miRNA sequence and the verified results showed that miR-210-3p in hypo-sEVs was increased via HIF-1α under hypoxia. The upregulated miR-210-3p in hypo-sEVs promoted angiogenesis by downregulating EFNA3 expression and enhancing the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, this study suggests a successful strategy to enhance vascularized bone regeneration by utilizing hypo-sEVs via the miR-210-3p/EFNA3/PI3K/AKT pathway. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Considering the significance of vascularization in ideal bone regeneration, strategies to promote angiogenesis during bone repair are required. Hypoxia microenvironment can promote the proangiogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Nonetheless, the therapeutic effect of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs on cranio-maxillofacial bone defect remains unknown, and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. This study shows that hypo-sEVs significantly enhance the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs as well as promote vascularized bone formation. Moreover, this work indicates that HIF-1α can induce overexpression of miR-210-3p under hypoxia, and miR-210-3p can hinder EFNA3 expression and subsequently activate the PI3K/AKT pathway. The application of hypo-sEVs provides a facile and promising strategy to promote vascularized bone regeneration in a critical-size bone defect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Mengjia Cheng
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jinyang Huang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiawen Si
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China.
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14
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Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated VEGFa siRNA facilitates cartilage formation by suppressing angiogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1313-1324. [PMID: 36108749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage is an important tissue that is widely found in joints, ears, nose and other organs. The limited capacity to regenerate makes cartilage reconstruction an urgent clinical demand. Due to the avascular nature of cartilage, we hypothesized that inhibition of vascularization contributes to cartilage formation. Here, we used VEGFa siRNA to inhibit the infiltration of the local vascular system. Optimized lipid nanoparticles were prepared by microfluidics for the delivery of siRNA. Then, we constructed a tissue engineering scaffold. Both seed cells and VEGFa siRNA-LNPs were loaded in a GELMA hydrogel. Subcutaneous implantation experiments in nude mice indicate that this is a promising strategy for cartilage reconstruction. The regenerated cartilage was superior, with significant upregulation of SOX9, COL-II and ACAN. This is attributed to an environment deficient in oxygen and nutrients, which facilitates cartilage formation by upregulating HIF-1α and FOXO transcription factors. In conclusion, a GelMA/Cells+VEGFa siRNA-LNPs scaffold was constructed to achieve superior cartilage regeneration.
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15
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RGD-Functionalized Hydrogel Supports the Chondrogenic Commitment of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060382. [PMID: 35735726 PMCID: PMC9222613 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is known to have limited intrinsic self-healing capacity when a defect or a degeneration process occurs. Hydrogels represent promising biomaterials for cell encapsulation and injection in cartilage defects by creating an environment that mimics the cartilage extracellular matrix. The aim of this study is the analysis of two different concentrations (1:1 and 1:2) of VitroGel® (VG) hydrogels without (VG-3D) and with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motifs, (VG-RGD), verifying their ability to support chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated human adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (hASCs). We analyzed the hydrogel properties in terms of rheometric measurements, cell viability, cytotoxicity, and the expression of chondrogenic markers using gene expression, histology, and immunohistochemical tests. We highlighted a shear-thinning behavior of both hydrogels, which showed good injectability. We demonstrated a good morphology and high viability of hASCs in both hydrogels. VG-RGD 1:2 hydrogels were the most effective, both at the gene and protein levels, to support the expression of the typical chondrogenic markers, including collagen type 2, SOX9, aggrecan, glycosaminoglycan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and to decrease the proliferation marker MKI67 and the fibrotic marker collagen type 1. This study demonstrated that both hydrogels, at different concentrations, and the presence of RGD motifs, significantly contributed to the chondrogenic commitment of the laden hASCs.
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16
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Che H, Selig M, Rolauffs B. Micro-patterned cell populations as advanced pharmaceutical drugs with precise functional control. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114169. [PMID: 35217114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human cells are both advanced pharmaceutical drugs and 'drug deliverers'. However, functional control prior to or after cell implantation remains challenging. Micro-patterning cells through geometrically defined adhesion sites allows controlling morphogenesis, polarity, cellular mechanics, proliferation, migration, differentiation, stemness, cell-cell interactions, collective cell behavior, and likely immuno-modulatory properties. Consequently, generating micro-patterned therapeutic cells is a promising idea that has not yet been realized and few if any steps have been undertaken in this direction. This review highlights potential therapeutic applications, summarizes comprehensively the many cell functions that have been successfully controlled through micro-patterning, details the established micro-pattern designs, introduces the available fabrication technologies to the non-specialized reader, and suggests a quality evaluation score. Such a broad review is not yet available but would facilitate the manufacturing of therapeutically patterned cell populations using micro-patterned cell-instructive biomaterials for improved functional control as drug delivery systems in the context of cells as pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Che
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North District), Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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17
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Aprile P, Whelan IT, Sathy BN, Carroll SF, Kelly DJ. Soft Hydrogel Environments that Facilitate Cell Spreading and Aggregation Preferentially Support Chondrogenesis of Adult Stem Cells. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100365. [PMID: 35171524 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell type for treating damaged and diseased synovial joints. The therapeutic potential of MSCs will be facilitated by the engineering of biomaterial environments capable of directing their fate. Here we explored the interplay between matrix elasticity and cell morphology in regulating the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs when seeded onto or encapsulated within hydrogels made of interpenetrating networks (IPN) of alginate and collagen type I. This IPN system enabled the independent control of substrate stiffness (in 2D and in 3D) and cell morphology (3D only). In a 2D culture environment, the expression of chondrogenic markers SOX9, ACAN and COL2 increased on a soft substrate, which correlated with increased SMAD2/3 nuclear localization, enhanced MSCs condensation and the formation of larger cellular aggregates. The encapsulation of spread MSCs within a soft IPN dramatically increased the expression of cartilage-specific genes, which was linked to higher levels of cellular condensation and nuclear SMAD2/3 localization. Surprisingly, cells forced to adopt a more rounded morphology within the same soft IPNs expressed higher levels of the osteogenic markers RUNX2 and COL1. The insight provided by this study suggests that a mechanobiology informed approach to biomaterial development will be integral to the development of successful cartilage tissue engineering strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aprile
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian T Whelan
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,CÚRAM Center for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Binulal N Sathy
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Nanoscience and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Simon F Carroll
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,CÚRAM Center for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,The Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Roncada T, Bonithon R, Blunn G, Roldo M. Soft substrates direct stem cell differentiation into the chondrogenic lineage without the use of growth factors. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221122121. [PMID: 36199979 PMCID: PMC9528007 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of cartilage related injuries. However, selectively promoting stem cell differentiation in vivo is still challenging. Chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs usually requires the use of growth factors that lead to the overexpression of hypertrophic markers. In this study, for the first time the effect of stiffness on MSC differentiation has been tested without the use of growth factors. Three-dimensional collagen and alginate scaffolds were developed and characterised. Stiffness significantly affected gene expression and ECM deposition. While, all hydrogels supported chondrogenic differentiation and allowed deposition of collagen type II and aggrecan, the 5.75 kPa hydrogel showed limited production of collagen type I compared to the other two formulations. These findings demonstrated for the first time that stiffness can guide MSCs differentiation without the use of growth factors within a tissue engineering scaffold suitable for the treatment of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca Roncada
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Roxane Bonithon
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Marta Roldo, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
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19
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Wang P, Zhu P, Yu C, Wu J. The Proliferation and Stemness of Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Were Enhanced by Hypoxia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873662. [PMID: 35634504 PMCID: PMC9134856 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to address the dilemma of low peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (PBMSC) activity and reduced phenotype in bone or cartilage tissue engineering. Rat PBMSCs (rPBMSCs) were obtained by density gradient centrifugation, and stromal cell characteristics were confirmed by flow cytometry (FCM) and multi-differentiation potential induction experiments. Cell growth curve, viability experiments, and clone formation experiments were performed by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] (MTS) and cell counting, and the cell cycle was confirmed by cell FCM. The proliferation signal pathway and stemness-related proteins were detected by molecular methods including Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. CD73, CD90, and CD105 were highly expressed, and CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR were barely expressed in rPBMSCs. rPBMSCs possessed the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts under their respective induction conditions. Cell growth curve and viability experiments were performed under hypoxic conditions: 19% O2, 5% O2, and 1% O2. Specifically, 5% O2 accelerated the proliferation and expression of the stemness of PBMSCs. Cycle experiments proved that hypoxia promoted the cell transition from the G1 phase to the S phase. Molecular experiments confirmed that 5% O2 hypoxia significantly elevated the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and β-catenin and simultaneously the expressions of cycle-related genes including CyclinE/CDK2 and stemness-related genes including Nanog and SOX2. The appropriate concentration of hypoxia (i.e., 5% O2) enhanced the proliferation and stemness of rPBMSCs and increased the multidirectional differentiation potential of stromal cells. The proposed culture method could improve the viability and maintain the phenotype of rPBMSCs in cartilage or bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengzhen Wang,
| | - Pingping Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaosheng Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Red Cross Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Red Cross Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Petzold J, Gentleman E. Intrinsic Mechanical Cues and Their Impact on Stem Cells and Embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761871. [PMID: 34820380 PMCID: PMC8606660 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although understanding how soluble cues direct cellular processes revolutionised the study of cell biology in the second half of the 20th century, over the last two decades, new insights into how mechanical cues similarly impact cell fate decisions has gained momentum. During development, extrinsic cues such as fluid flow, shear stress and compressive forces are essential for normal embryogenesis to proceed. Indeed, both adult and embryonic stem cells can respond to applied forces, but they can also detect intrinsic mechanical cues from their surrounding environment, such as the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, which impacts differentiation and morphogenesis. Cells can detect changes in their mechanical environment using cell surface receptors such as integrins and focal adhesions. Moreover, dynamic rearrangements of the cytoskeleton have been identified as a key means by which forces are transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the cell and vice versa. Although we have some understanding of the downstream mechanisms whereby mechanical cues are translated into changes in cell behaviour, many of the signalling pathways remain to be defined. This review discusses the importance of intrinsic mechanical cues on adult cell fate decisions, the emerging roles of cell surface mechano-sensors and the cytoskeleton in enabling cells to sense its microenvironment, and the role of intracellular signalling in translating mechanical cues into transcriptional outputs. In addition, the contribution of mechanical cues to fundamental processes during embryogenesis such as apical constriction and convergent extension is discussed. The continued development of tools to measure the biomechanical properties of soft tissues in vivo is likely to uncover currently underestimated contributions of these cues to adult stem cell fate decisions and embryogenesis, and may inform on regenerative strategies for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Petzold
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Hypoxia induces stress fiber formation in adipocytes in the early stage of obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21473. [PMID: 34728615 PMCID: PMC8563745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In obese adipose tissue (AT), hypertrophic expansion of adipocytes is not matched by new vessel formation, leading to AT hypoxia. As a result, hypoxia inducible factor-1⍺ (HIF-1⍺) accumulates in adipocytes inducing a transcriptional program that upregulates profibrotic genes and biosynthetic enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) synthesis. This excess synthesis and crosslinking of extracellular matrix (ECM) components cause AT fibrosis. Although fibrosis is a hallmark of obese AT, the role of fibroblasts, cells known to regulate fibrosis in other fibrosis-prone tissues, is not well studied. Here we have developed an in vitro model of AT to study adipocyte-fibroblast crosstalk in a hypoxic environment. Further, this in vitro model was used to investigate the effect of hypoxia on adipocyte mechanical properties via ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK) signaling pathways. We confirmed that hypoxia creates a diseased phenotype by inhibiting adipocyte maturation and inducing actin stress fiber formation facilitated by myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A/MKL1) nuclear translocation. This work presents new potential therapeutic targets for obesity by improving adipocyte maturation and limiting mechanical stress in obese AT.
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22
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Gögele C, Wiltzsch S, Lenhart A, Civilleri A, Weiger TM, Schäfer-Eckart K, Minnich B, Forchheimer L, Hornfeck M, Schulze-Tanzil G. Highly porous novel chondro-instructive bioactive glass scaffolds tailored for cartilage tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112421. [PMID: 34702508 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage injuries remain challenging since the regenerative capacity of cartilage is extremely low. The aim was to design a novel type of bioactive glass (BG) scaffold with suitable topology that allows the formation of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) after colonization with chondrogenic cells for cartilage repair. Highly porous scaffolds with interconnecting pores consisting of 100 % BG were manufactured using a melting, milling, sintering and leaching technique. Scaffolds were colonized with porcine articular chondrocytes (pAC) and undifferentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) for up to 35 days. Scaffolds displayed high cytocompatibility with no major pH shift. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the intimate pAC-scaffold interaction with typical cell morphology. After 14 days MSCs formed cell clusters but still expressed cartilage markers. Both cell types showed aggrecan, SOX9 gene and protein expression, cartilage proteoglycan and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis for the whole culture time. Despite type II collagen gene expression could not anymore be detected at day 35, protein synthesis was visualized for both cell types during the whole culturing period, increasing in pAC and declining after day 14 in hMSC cultures. The novel BG scaffold was stable, cytocompatible and cartilage-specific protein synthesis indicated maintenance of pAC's differentiated phenotype and chondro-instructive effects on hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gögele
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst-Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Sven Wiltzsch
- Faculty of Material Engineering, Nuremberg, Institute of Technology Georg Simon Ohm, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Armin Lenhart
- Faculty of Material Engineering, Nuremberg, Institute of Technology Georg Simon Ohm, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Aurelio Civilleri
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst-Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, Universita' di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Thomas Martin Weiger
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Kerstin Schäfer-Eckart
- Bone marrow Transplantation Unit, Medizinische Klinik 5, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Minnich
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Lukas Forchheimer
- Faculty of Material Engineering, Nuremberg, Institute of Technology Georg Simon Ohm, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hornfeck
- Faculty of Material Engineering, Nuremberg, Institute of Technology Georg Simon Ohm, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst-Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany.
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Dieterle MP, Husari A, Rolauffs B, Steinberg T, Tomakidi P. Integrins, cadherins and channels in cartilage mechanotransduction: perspectives for future regeneration strategies. Expert Rev Mol Med 2021; 23:e14. [PMID: 34702419 PMCID: PMC8724267 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2021.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage consists of hyaline cartilage, is a major constituent of the human musculoskeletal system and has critical functions in frictionless joint movement and articular homoeostasis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease of articular cartilage, which promotes joint degeneration. Although it affects millions of people, there are no satisfying therapies that address this disease at the molecular level. Therefore, tissue regeneration approaches aim at modifying chondrocyte biology to mitigate the consequences of OA. This requires appropriate biochemical and biophysical stimulation of cells. Regarding the latter, mechanotransduction of chondrocytes and their precursor cells has become increasingly important over the last few decades. Mechanotransduction is the transformation of external biophysical stimuli into intracellular biochemical signals, involving sensor molecules at the cell surface and intracellular signalling molecules, so-called mechano-sensors and -transducers. These signalling events determine cell behaviour. Mechanotransducing ion channels and gap junctions additionally govern chondrocyte physiology. It is of great scientific and medical interest to induce a specific cell behaviour by controlling these mechanotransduction pathways and to translate this knowledge into regenerative clinical therapies. This review therefore focuses on the mechanotransduction properties of integrins, cadherins and ion channels in cartilaginous tissues to provide perspectives for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayman Husari
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center – Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Li K, Fan L, Lin J, Heng BC, Deng Z, Zheng Q, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Ge Z. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields prime mesenchymal stem cells to peptide ghrelin and enhance chondrogenesis and osteochondral defect repair in vivo. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:927-939. [PMID: 34586575 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important cell sources in cartilage tissue development and homeostasis, and multiple strategies have been developed to improve MSCs chondrogenic differentiation with an aim of promoting cartilage regeneration. Here we report the effects of combining nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) followed by treatment with ghrelin (a hormone that stimulates release of growth hormone) to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs. nsPEFs and ghrelin were observed to separately enhance the chondrogenesis of MSCs, and the effects were significantly enhanced when the bioelectric stimulation and hormone were combined, which in turn improved osteochondral tissue repair of these cells within Sprague Dawley rats. We further found that nsPEFs can prime MSCs to be more receptive to subsequent stimuli of differentiation by upregulated Oct4/Nanog and activated JNK signaling pathway. Ghrelin initiated chondrogenic differentiation by activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and RNA-seq results indicated 243 genes were regulated, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway was involved. Interestingly, the sequential order of applying these two stimuli is critical, with nsPEFs pretreatment followed by ghrelin enhanced chondrogenesis of MSCs in vitro and subsequent cartilage regeneration in vivo, but not vice versa. This synergistic prochondrogenic effects provide us new insights and strategies for future cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Litong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianjing Lin
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhantao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yangzi Jiang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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25
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Bao C, He C. The role and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes in osteoarthritis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:109002. [PMID: 34352243 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common painful disease with chronic articular cartilage degeneration. The pathological process of OA is complex and characterized by the imbalance between the synthesis and catabolism of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix, leading to the progressive destruction of articular cartilage damage. Because of the self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), various exogenous MSC-based cell therapies have been developed to treat OA. Moreover, the efficacy of MSC- based therapy is mainly attributed to the paracrine of cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes. Exosomes derived from MSCs can deliver various DNAs, RNAs, proteins and lipids, thus promoting MSCs migration and cartilage repair. Therefore, MSC-derived exosomes are considered as a promising alternative therapy for OA. In this review, we summarized properties of MSC-derived exosomes and the new role of MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of OA. We also proposed possible perspectives of MSC-derived exosomes as cell-free regenerative reagents in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncha Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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26
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Norman MDA, Ferreira SA, Jowett GM, Bozec L, Gentleman E. Measuring the elastic modulus of soft culture surfaces and three-dimensional hydrogels using atomic force microscopy. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2418-2449. [PMID: 33854255 PMCID: PMC7615740 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing interest in exploring mechanically mediated biological phenomena has resulted in cell culture substrates and 3D matrices with variable stiffnesses becoming standard tools in biology labs. However, correlating stiffness with biological outcomes and comparing results between research groups is hampered by variability in the methods used to determine Young's (elastic) modulus, E, and by the inaccessibility of relevant mechanical engineering protocols to most biology labs. Here, we describe a protocol for measuring E of soft 2D surfaces and 3D hydrogels using atomic force microscopy (AFM) force spectroscopy. We provide instructions for preparing hydrogels with and without encapsulated live cells, and provide a method for mounting samples within the AFM. We also provide details on how to calibrate the instrument, and give step-by-step instructions for collecting force-displacement curves in both manual and automatic modes (stiffness mapping). We then provide details on how to apply either the Hertz or the Oliver-Pharr model to calculate E, and give additional instructions to aid the user in plotting data distributions and carrying out statistical analyses. We also provide instructions for inferring differential matrix remodeling activity in hydrogels containing encapsulated single cells or organoids. Our protocol is suitable for probing a range of synthetic and naturally derived polymeric hydrogels such as polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, hyaluronic acid, collagen, or Matrigel. Although sample preparation timings will vary, a user with introductory training to AFM will be able to use this protocol to characterize the mechanical properties of two to six soft surfaces or 3D hydrogels in a single day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. A. Norman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Silvia A. Ferreira
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Geraldine M. Jowett
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, London WC1H 0AH, UK
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27
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Tsvetkova AV, Vakhrushev IV, Basok YB, Grigor'ev AM, Kirsanova LA, Lupatov AY, Sevastianov VI, Yarygin KN. Chondrogeneic Potential of MSC from Different Sources in Spheroid Culture. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:528-536. [PMID: 33725253 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We performed a comparative study of the proliferative potential of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from three sources (tooth pulp, adipose tissue, and Wharton's jelly) in spheroid culture; human chondroblasts served as the positive control. Histological examination revealed signs of chondrogenic differentiation in all studied cell cultures and the differences in the volume and composition of the extracellular matrix. Spheroids formed by MSC from the tooth pulp and Wharton's jelly were characterized by low content of extracellular matrix and glycosaminoglycans. Spheroids from adipose tissue MSC contained maximum amount of the extracellular matrix and high content of glycosaminoglycans. Chondrocytes produced glycosaminoglycan-enriched matrix. Type II collagen was produced by chondrocytes (to a greater extent) and adipose tissue MSC (to a lesser extent). The results of our study demonstrate that MSC from the adipose tissue under conditions of spheroid culturing exhibited maximum chondrogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Tsvetkova
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I V Vakhrushev
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu B Basok
- V. I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Grigor'ev
- V. I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Kirsanova
- V. I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Lupatov
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Sevastianov
- V. I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K N Yarygin
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Samal JRK, Rangasami VK, Samanta S, Varghese OP, Oommen OP. Discrepancies on the Role of Oxygen Gradient and Culture Condition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002058. [PMID: 33533187 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, mesenchymal stem (or stromal) cells (MSCs) have garnered enormous interest due to their therapeutic value especially for their multilineage differentiation potential leading to regenerative medicine applications. MSCs undergo physiological changes upon in vitro expansion resulting in expression of different receptors, thereby inducing high variabilities in therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, understanding the biochemical cues that influence the native local signals on differentiation or proliferation of these cells is very important. There have been several reports that in vitro culture of MSCs in low oxygen gradient (or hypoxic conditions) upregulates the stemness markers and promotes cell proliferation in an undifferentiated state, as hypoxia mimics the conditions the progenitor cells experience within the tissue. However, different studies report different oxygen gradients and culture conditions causing ambiguity in their interpretation of the results. In this progress report, it is aimed to summarize recent studies in the field with specific focus on conflicting results reported during the application of hypoxic conditions for improving the proliferation or differentiation of MSCs. Further, it is tried to decipher the factors that can affect characteristics of MSC under hypoxia and suggest a few techniques that could be combined with hypoxic cell culture to better recapitulate the MSC tissue niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R. K. Samal
- Department of Instructive Biomaterial Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Vignesh K. Rangasami
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies Tampere University Tampere 33720 Finland
| | - Sumanta Samanta
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies Tampere University Tampere 33720 Finland
| | - Oommen P. Varghese
- Translational Chemical Biology Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Uppsala 751 21 Sweden
| | - Oommen P. Oommen
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies Tampere University Tampere 33720 Finland
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29
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Walker M, Luo J, Pringle EW, Cantini M. ChondroGELesis: Hydrogels to harness the chondrogenic potential of stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111822. [PMID: 33579465 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a highly complex microenvironment, whose various components converge to regulate cell fate. Hydrogels, as water-swollen polymer networks composed by synthetic or natural materials, are ideal candidates to create biologically active substrates that mimic these matrices and target cell behaviour for a desired tissue engineering application. Indeed, the ability to tune their mechanical, structural, and biochemical properties provides a framework to recapitulate native tissues. This review explores how hydrogels have been engineered to harness the chondrogenic response of stem cells for the repair of damaged cartilage tissue. The signalling processes involved in hydrogel-driven chondrogenesis are also discussed, identifying critical pathways that should be taken into account during hydrogel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Eonan William Pringle
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK.
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30
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Aprile P, Kelly DJ. Hydrostatic Pressure Regulates the Volume, Aggregation and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Derived Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:619914. [PMID: 33520969 PMCID: PMC7844310 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited ability of articular cartilage to self-repair has motivated the development of tissue engineering strategies that aim to harness the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem/marrow stromal cells (MSCs). Understanding how environmental factors regulate the phenotype of MSCs will be central to unlocking their regenerative potential. The biophysical environment is known to regulate the phenotype of stem cells, with factors such as substrate stiffness and externally applied mechanical loads known to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs. In particular, hydrostatic pressure (HP) has been shown to play a key role in the development and maintenance of articular cartilage. Using a collagen-alginate interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel as a model system to tune matrix stiffness, this study sought to investigate how HP and substrate stiffness interact to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs. If applied during early chondrogenesis in soft IPN hydrogels, HP was found to downregulate the expression of ACAN, COL2, CDH2 and COLX, but to increase the expression of the osteogenic factors RUNX2 and COL1. This correlated with a reduction in SMAD 2/3, HDAC4 nuclear localization and the expression of NCAD. It was also associated with a reduction in cell volume, an increase in the average distance between MSCs in the hydrogels and a decrease in their tendency to form aggregates. In contrast, the delayed application of HP to MSCs grown in soft hydrogels was associated with increased cellular volume and aggregation and the maintenance of a chondrogenic phenotype. Together these findings demonstrate how tailoring the stiffness and the timing of HP exposure can be leveraged to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs and opens alternative avenues for developmentally inspired strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aprile
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Ma J, Cai H, Long X, Cheng K, Xu X, Zhang D, Li J. Hyaluronic acid bioinspired polymers for the regulation of cell chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1011-1020. [PMID: 32531368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As the simplest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid (HA) takes part in several important biological processes, such as regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In this work, a series of HA-inspired polymers with different saccharide and carboxylate units (HA-analogue polymers) are synthesized by free radical polymerization, and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR), Moreover, cell experiments demonstrate that HA-analogue polymers with a certain proportion of saccharide and carboxylate (PM1G1) units shows a positive effect on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, HA-analogue polymers have prominent cartilage inductive capacity in chondrogenic induction medium (CIM) and brilliant bone inductive capacity in osteogenic induction medium (OIM) toward BMSCs. Therefore, it is confirmed that the HA-analogue polymers can effectively mimic the functions of HA and have broad potential application prospects in the biomedical and clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huijuan Cai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoling Long
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dongyue Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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32
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Rajagopal K, Ramesh S, Walter NM, Arora A, Katti DS, Madhuri V. In vivo cartilage regeneration in a multi-layered articular cartilage architecture mimicking scaffold. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:601-612. [PMID: 33014353 PMCID: PMC7510940 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.99.bjr-2019-0210.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Extracellular matrix (ECM) and its architecture have a vital role in articular cartilage (AC) structure and function. We hypothesized that a multi-layered chitosan-gelatin (CG) scaffold that resembles ECM, as well as native collagen architecture of AC, will achieve superior chondrogenesis and AC regeneration. We also compared its in vitro and in vivo outcomes with randomly aligned CG scaffold. METHODS Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were differentiated into the chondrogenic lineage on scaffolds. Quality of in vitro regenerated cartilage was assessed by cell viability, growth, matrix synthesis, and differentiation. Bilateral osteochondral defects were created in 15 four-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits and segregated into three treatment groups with five in each. The groups were: 1) untreated and allogeneic chondrocytes; 2) multi-layered scaffold with and without cells; and 3) randomly aligned scaffold with and without cells. After four months of follow-up, the outcome was assessed using histology and immunostaining. RESULTS In vitro testing showed that the secreted ECM oriented itself along the fibre in multi-layered scaffolds. Both types of CG scaffolds supported cell viability, growth, and matrix synthesis. In vitro chondrogenesis on scaffold showed an around 400-fold increase in collagen type 2 (COL2A1) expression in both CG scaffolds, but the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA deposition was 1.39-fold higher in the multi-layered scaffold than the randomly aligned scaffold. In vivo cartilage formation occurred in both multi-layered and randomly aligned scaffolds treated with and without cells, and was shown to be of hyaline phenotype on immunostaining. The defects treated with multi-layered + cells, however, showed significantly thicker cartilage formation than the randomly aligned scaffold. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that MSCs loaded CG scaffold with multi-layered zonal architecture promoted superior hyaline AC regeneration.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):601-612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Rajagopal
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sowmya Ramesh
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Aditya Arora
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Dhirendra S. Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Vrisha Madhuri
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Rahmati M, Silva EA, Reseland JE, A Heyward C, Haugen HJ. Biological responses to physicochemical properties of biomaterial surface. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5178-5224. [PMID: 32642749 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical scientists use chemistry-driven processes found in nature as an inspiration to design biomaterials as promising diagnostic tools, therapeutic solutions, or tissue substitutes. While substantial consideration is devoted to the design and validation of biomaterials, the nature of their interactions with the surrounding biological microenvironment is commonly neglected. This gap of knowledge could be owing to our poor understanding of biochemical signaling pathways, lack of reliable techniques for designing biomaterials with optimal physicochemical properties, and/or poor stability of biomaterial properties after implantation. The success of host responses to biomaterials, known as biocompatibility, depends on chemical principles as the root of both cell signaling pathways in the body and how the biomaterial surface is designed. Most of the current review papers have discussed chemical engineering and biological principles of designing biomaterials as separate topics, which has resulted in neglecting the main role of chemistry in this field. In this review, we discuss biocompatibility in the context of chemistry, what it is and how to assess it, while describing contributions from both biochemical cues and biomaterials as well as the means of harmonizing them. We address both biochemical signal-transduction pathways and engineering principles of designing a biomaterial with an emphasis on its surface physicochemistry. As we aim to show the role of chemistry in the crosstalk between the surface physicochemical properties and body responses, we concisely highlight the main biochemical signal-transduction pathways involved in the biocompatibility complex. Finally, we discuss the progress and challenges associated with the current strategies used for improving the chemical and physical interactions between cells and biomaterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway. h.j.haugen.odont.uio.no
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Contreras-Lopez R, Elizondo-Vega R, Paredes MJ, Luque-Campos N, Torres MJ, Tejedor G, Vega-Letter AM, Figueroa-Valdés A, Pradenas C, Oyarce K, Jorgensen C, Khoury M, Garcia-Robles MDLA, Altamirano C, Djouad F, Luz-Crawford P. HIF1α-dependent metabolic reprogramming governs mesenchymal stem/stromal cell immunoregulatory functions. FASEB J 2020; 34:8250-8264. [PMID: 32333618 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902232r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α), a regulator of metabolic change, is required for the survival and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC). Its role in MSC immunoregulatory activity, however, has not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we evaluate the role of HIF1α on MSC immunosuppressive potential. We show that HIF1α silencing in MSC decreases their inhibitory potential on Th1 and Th17 cell generation and limits their capacity to generate regulatory T cells. This reduced immunosuppressive potential of MSC is associated with a metabolic switch from glycolysis to OXPHOS and a reduced capacity to express or produce some immunosuppressive mediators including Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM), IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, using the Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity murine model (DTH), we confirm, in vivo, the critical role of HIF1α on MSC immunosuppressive effect. Indeed, we show that HIF1α silencing impairs MSC capacity to reduce inflammation and inhibit the generation of pro-inflammatory T cells. This study reveals the pivotal role of HIF1α on MSC immunosuppressive activity through the regulation of their metabolic status and identifies HIF1α as a novel mediator of MSC immunotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Contreras-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maria Jose Paredes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Gautier Tejedor
- IRMB, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana Maria Vega-Letter
- Cells for Cells, Consorcio Regenero, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aliosha Figueroa-Valdés
- Cells for Cells, Consorcio Regenero, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pradenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Oyarce
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Maroun Khoury
- Cells for Cells, Consorcio Regenero, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Garcia-Robles
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Wang L, Kang Y, Chen S, Mo X, Jiang J, Yan X, Zhu T, Zhao J. Macroporous 3D Scaffold with Self-Fitting Capability for Effectively Repairing Massive Rotator Cuff Tear. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:904-915. [PMID: 33715366 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The postoperative retear rate of direct repair of massive rotator cuff tear has risen up to 40% because of the dissatisfied tendon-to-bone healing and poor regenerative potential of remnant rotator cuff tissue. A biological scaffold that connects the remnant rotator cuff tissue and bone might be a promising substitute. In the present study, we have developed a macroporous three-dimensional scaffold poly(ester-urethane)urea (PEUU), with self-fitting capability employing thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. The scaffold provides oriented connected macropores for cells migration, and promoted tendon-to-bone healing on the basis of surgical repair. The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, stress-strain test and cell biocompatibility study. In vitro studies exhibited that PEUU scaffold with suitable elastic mechanical properties can better support proliferation and migration of rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells (RBMSCs). After three months postreconstruction of massive rotator cuff tear in a rabbit model using PEUU scaffold, there was complete regeneration of rotator cuff with physical tendon-to-bone interface and continuous tendon tissue, as observed from histological analysis. Further, biomechanical testing demonstrated that rotator cuff induced by PEUU scaffold had no significant difference as compared to normal rotator cuff. This macroporous, mechanically matched scaffold is potentially suitable for the application in massive rotator cuff repair. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the high efficiency of the macroporous 3D scaffold with self-fitting capability in facilitating rotator cuff regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yuhao Kang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Sihao Chen
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Materials, Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, No. 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Tonghe Zhu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
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Taheem DK, Jell G, Gentleman E. Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:105-115. [PMID: 31774026 PMCID: PMC7166133 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Damage to osteochondral (OC) tissues can lead to pain, loss of motility, and progress to osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering approaches offer the possibility of replacing damaged tissues and restoring joint function; however, replicating the spatial and functional heterogeneity of native OC tissue remains a pressing challenge. Chondrocytes in healthy cartilage exist in relatively low-oxygen conditions, while osteoblasts in the underlying bone experience higher oxygen pressures. Such oxygen gradients also exist in the limb bud, where they influence OC tissue development. The cellular response to these spatial variations in oxygen pressure, which is mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, plays a central role in regulating osteo- and chondrogenesis by directing progenitor cell differentiation and promoting and maintaining appropriate extracellular matrix production. Understanding the role of the HIF pathway in OC tissue development may enable new approaches to engineer OC tissue. In this review, we discuss strategies to spatially and temporarily regulate the HIF pathway in progenitor cells to create functional OC tissue for regenerative therapies. Impact statement Strategies to engineer osteochondral (OC) tissue are limited by the complex and varying microenvironmental conditions in native bone and cartilage. Indeed, native cartilage experiences low-oxygen conditions, while the underlying bone is relatively normoxic. The cellular response to these low-oxygen conditions, which is mediated through the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, is known to promote and maintain the chondrocyte phenotype. By using tissue engineering scaffolds to spatially and temporally harness the HIF pathway, it may be possible to improve OC tissue engineering strategies for the regeneration of damaged cartilage and its underlying subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheraj K. Taheem
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Jell
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Han U, Hwang JH, Lee JM, Kim H, Jung HS, Hong JH, Hong J. Transmission and regulation of biochemical stimulus via a nanoshell directly adsorbed on the cell membrane to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:184-193. [PMID: 31560128 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A nanoscale artificial extracellular matrix (nanoshell) formed by layer-by-layer adsorption can enhance and modulate the function of stem cells by transferring biochemical stimulus to the cell directly. Here, the nanoshell composed of fibronectin (FN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) is demonstrated to promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The multilayer structure of nanoshell is formed by repeating self-assembly of FN and CS, and its thickness can be controlled through the number of layers. The expression of chondrogenic markers in MSCs coated with the FN/CS nanoshell was increased as the number of bilayers in the nanoshell increased until four, but when it exceeds five bilayers, the effect began to decrease. Finally, the MSCs coated with optimized four bilayers of FN/CS nanoshell have high chondrogenic differentiation efficiency and showed the potential to increase formation of cartilage tissue when it is transplanted into mouse kidney. So, the precise regulation of stem cell fate at single cell level can be possible through the cellular surface modification by self-assembled polymeric film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uiyoung Han
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeoni Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Department of Oral Biology, Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Razmara E, Bitaraf A, Yousefi H, Nguyen TH, Garshasbi M, Cho WCS, Babashah S. Non-Coding RNAs in Cartilage Development: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4475. [PMID: 31514268 PMCID: PMC6769748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of the skeleton, the long bones are arising from the process of endochondral ossification (EO) in which cartilage is replaced by bone. This complex process is regulated by various factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental elements. It is recognized that DNA methylation, higher-order chromatin structure, and post-translational modifications of histones regulate the EO. With emerging understanding, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as another mode of EO regulation, which is consist of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). There is expanding experimental evidence to unlock the role of ncRNAs in the differentiation of cartilage cells, as well as the pathogenesis of several skeletal disorders including osteoarthritis. Cutting-edge technologies such as epigenome-wide association studies have been employed to reveal disease-specific patterns regarding ncRNAs. This opens a new avenue of our understanding of skeletal cell biology, and may also identify potential epigenetic-based biomarkers. In this review, we provide an updated overview of recent advances in the role of ncRNAs especially focus on miRNA and lncRNA in the development of bone from cartilage, as well as their roles in skeletal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tina H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran.
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