1
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Sui M, Wang C, Tian Y, Zhang H. Laser-enzyme dual responsive liposomes to regulate autophagy in synergy with phototherapy for melanoma treatment. J Drug Target 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39073439 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2386624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Phototherapy can cause autophagy while killing tumour cells, leading to tumour recurrence and metastasis. Here, we constructed a laser and enzyme dual responsive nanodrug delivery system Tf-Te@CTSL-HCQ (TT@CH) to precisely regulate autophagy in synergy with phototherapy to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma. Firstly, transferrin (Tf) was used as a nanoreactor to synthesise phototherapy agent Tf-Te by the biological template mineralisation method. Then, the thermosensitive liposome modified with FAP-α-responsive peptide (CAP) was used as a carrier to encapsulate autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Tf-Te, to obtain an intelligent TT@CH delivery system. Once arriving at the tumour site, TT@CH can be cleaved by FAP-α overexpressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and release Tf-Te and HCQ. Then Tf-Te can target melanoma cells and exert PTT/PDT anti-tumour effect. What's more, hyperpyrexia induced by PTT can further promote drugs release from TT@CH. Meanwhile, HCQ simultaneously inhibited autophagy of CAFs and melanoma cells, and down-regulated IL-6 and HMGB1 secretion, thus effectively inhibiting melanoma metastasis. Pharmacodynamic results exhibited the best anti-tumour effect of TT@CH with the highest tumour inhibition rate of 91.3%. Meanwhile, lung metastatic nodules of TT@CH treated mice reduced by 124.33 compared with that of mice in control group. Overall, TT@CH provided an effective therapy strategy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Sui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingmei Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Agarwal H, Bynum RC, Saleh N, Harris D, MacCuaig WM, Kim V, Sanderson EJ, Dennahy IS, Singh R, Behkam B, Gomez-Gutierrez JG, Jain A, Edil BH, McNally LR. Theranostic nanoparticles for detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1983. [PMID: 39140128 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most recalcitrant cancers due to its late diagnosis, poor therapeutic response, and highly heterogeneous microenvironment. Nanotechnology has the potential to overcome some of the challenges to improve diagnostics and tumor-specific drug delivery but they have not been plausibly viable in clinical settings. The review focuses on active targeting strategies to enhance pancreatic tumor-specific uptake for nanoparticles. Additionally, this review highlights using actively targeted liposomes, micelles, gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, and iron oxide nanoparticles to improve pancreatic tumor targeting. Active targeting of nanoparticles toward either differentially expressed receptors or PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME) using peptides, antibodies, small molecules, polysaccharides, and hormones has been presented. We focus on microenvironment-based hallmarks of PDAC and the potential for actively targeted nanoparticles to overcome the challenges presented in PDAC. It describes the use of nanoparticles as contrast agents for improved diagnosis and the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents that target various aspects within the TME of PDAC. Additionally, we review emerging nano-contrast agents detected using imaging-based technologies and the role of nanoparticles in energy-based treatments of PDAC. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happy Agarwal
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ryan C Bynum
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nada Saleh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Danielle Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - William M MacCuaig
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Vung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Emma J Sanderson
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Isabel S Dennahy
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Barish H Edil
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lacey R McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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3
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Gu M, Liu Y, Xin P, Guo W, Zhao Z, Yang X, Ma R, Jiao T, Zheng W. Fundamental insights and molecular interactions in pancreatic cancer: Pathways to therapeutic approaches. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216738. [PMID: 38401887 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract can be affected by a number of diseases that pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant manifestation of them. The prognosis of PC patients is unfavorable and because of their diagnosis at advanced stage, the treatment of this tumor is problematic. Owing to low survival rate, there is much interest towards understanding the molecular profile of PC in an attempt in developing more effective therapeutics. The conventional therapeutics for PC include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as emerging immunotherapy. However, PC is still incurable and more effort should be performed. The molecular landscape of PC is an underlying factor involved in increase in progression of tumor cells. In the presence review, the newest advances in understanding the molecular and biological events in PC are discussed. The dysregulation of molecular pathways including AMPK, MAPK, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and non-coding RNA transcripts has been suggested as a factor in development of tumorigenesis in PC. Moreover, cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis demonstrate abnormal levels. The EMT and glycolysis in PC cells enhance to ensure their metastasis and proliferation. Furthermore, such abnormal changes have been used to develop corresponding pharmacological and nanotechnological therapeutics for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Peng Xin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Taiwei Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
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4
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Chintamaneni PK, Pindiprolu SKSS, Swain SS, Karri VVSR, Nesamony J, Chelliah S, Bhaskaran M. Conquering chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer: Exploring novel drug therapies and delivery approaches amidst desmoplasia and hypoxia. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216782. [PMID: 38453046 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer poses a significant challenge within the field of oncology due to its aggressive behaviour, limited treatment choices, and unfavourable outlook. With a mere 10% survival rate at the 5-year mark, finding effective interventions becomes even more pressing. The intricate relationship between desmoplasia and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment further complicates matters by promoting resistance to chemotherapy and impeding treatment efficacy. The dense extracellular matrix and cancer-associated fibroblasts characteristic of desmoplasia create a physical and biochemical barrier that impedes drug penetration and fosters an immunosuppressive milieu. Concurrently, hypoxia nurtures aggressive tumor behaviour and resistance to conventional therapies. a comprehensive exploration of emerging medications and innovative drug delivery approaches. Notably, advancements in nanoparticle-based delivery systems, local drug delivery implants, and oxygen-carrying strategies are highlighted for their potential to enhance drug accessibility and therapeutic outcomes. The integration of these strategies with traditional chemotherapies and targeted agents reveals the potential for synergistic effects that amplify treatment responses. These emerging interventions can mitigate desmoplasia and hypoxia-induced barriers, leading to improved drug delivery, treatment efficacy, and patient outcomes in pancreatic cancer. This review article delves into the dynamic landscape of emerging anticancer medications and innovative drug delivery strategies poised to overcome the challenges imposed by desmoplasia and hypoxia in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rudraram, 502329 Telangana, India.
| | | | - Swati Swagatika Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jerry Nesamony
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo HSC, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Selvam Chelliah
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX-77004, USA
| | - Mahendran Bhaskaran
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo HSC, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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5
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Freag MS, Mohammed MT, Kulkarni A, Emam HE, Maremanda KP, Elzoghby AO. Modulating tumoral exosomes and fibroblast phenotype using nanoliposomes augments cancer immunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3074. [PMID: 38416824 PMCID: PMC10901379 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells program fibroblasts into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in a two-step manner. First, cancer cells secrete exosomes to program quiescent fibroblasts into activated CAFs. Second, cancer cells maintain the CAF phenotype via activation of signal transduction pathways. We rationalized that inhibiting this two-step process can normalize CAFs into quiescent fibroblasts and augment the efficacy of immunotherapy. We show that cancer cell-targeted nanoliposomes that inhibit sequential steps of exosome biogenesis and release from lung cancer cells block the differentiation of lung fibroblasts into CAFs. In parallel, we demonstrate that CAF-targeted nanoliposomes that block two distinct nodes in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can reverse activate CAFs into quiescent fibroblasts. Co-administration of both nanoliposomes significantly improves the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and enhances the antitumor efficacy of αPD-L1 in immunocompetent lung cancer-bearing mice. Simultaneously blocking the tumoral exosome-mediated activation of fibroblasts and FGFR-Wnt/β-catenin signaling constitutes a promising approach to augment immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S. Freag
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Investigative Toxicology, Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mostafa T. Mohammed
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Anatomical and Clinical Pathology Department, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arpita Kulkarni
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hagar E. Emam
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna P. Maremanda
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed O. Elzoghby
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Guo S, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang J, Qin S, Li W. Advances in peptide-based drug delivery systems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26009. [PMID: 38404797 PMCID: PMC10884816 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are designed to deliver drugs to their specific targets to minimize their toxic effects and improve their susceptibility to clearance during targeted transport. Peptides have high affinity, low immunogenicity, simple amino acid composition, and adjustable molecular size; therefore, most peptides can be coupled to drugs via linkers to form peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) and act as active pro-drugs. PDCs are widely thought to be promising DDSs, given their ability to improve drug bio-compatibility and physiological stability. Peptide-based DDSs are often used to deliver therapeutic substances such as anti-cancer drugs and nucleic acid-based drugs, which not only slow the degradation rate of drugs in vivo but also ensure the drug concentration at the targeted site and prolong the half-life of drugs in vivo. This article provides an profile of the advancements and future development in functional peptide-based DDSs both domestically and internationally in recent years, in the expectation of achieving targeted drug delivery incorporating functional peptides and taking full advantage of synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Guo
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
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7
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Wu Y, Li L, Ning Z, Li C, Yin Y, Chen K, Li L, Xu F, Gao J. Autophagy-modulating biomaterials: multifunctional weapons to promote tissue regeneration. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:124. [PMID: 38360732 PMCID: PMC10868121 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-renewal mechanism that maintains homeostasis and can promote tissue regeneration by regulating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress and promoting cell differentiation. The interaction between biomaterials and tissue cells significantly affects biomaterial-tissue integration and tissue regeneration. In recent years, it has been found that biomaterials can affect various processes related to tissue regeneration by regulating autophagy. The utilization of biomaterials in a controlled environment has become a prominent approach for enhancing the tissue regeneration capabilities. This involves the regulation of autophagy in diverse cell types implicated in tissue regeneration, encompassing the modulation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation. In addition, biomaterials possess the potential to serve as carriers for drug delivery, enabling the regulation of autophagy by either activating or inhibiting its processes. This review summarizes the relationship between autophagy and tissue regeneration and discusses the role of biomaterial-based autophagy in tissue regeneration. In addition, recent advanced technologies used to design autophagy-modulating biomaterials are summarized, and rational design of biomaterials for providing controlled autophagy regulation via modification of the chemistry and surface of biomaterials and incorporation of cells and molecules is discussed. A better understanding of biomaterial-based autophagy and tissue regeneration, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, may lead to new possibilities for promoting tissue regeneration. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Zuojun Ning
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changrong Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yongkui Yin
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of plastic surgery, Naval Specialty Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of plastic surgery, Naval Specialty Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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8
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Cui H, Zhang T, Wu L, Xu C, Yin C, Gao J. Autophagy-modulating biomembrane nanostructures: A robust anticancer weapon by modulating the inner and outer cancer environment. J Control Release 2024; 366:85-103. [PMID: 38142964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, biomembrane nanostructures, such as liposomes, cell membrane-coated nanostructures, and exosomes, have demonstrated promising anticancer therapeutic effects. These nanostructures possess remarkable biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and low toxicity. However, their therapeutic efficacy is impeded by chemoresistance and radiotherapy resistance, which are closely associated with autophagy. Modulating autophagy could enhance the therapeutic sensitivity and effectiveness of these biomembrane nanostructures by influencing the immune system and the cancer microenvironment. For instance, autophagy can regulate the immunogenic cell death of cancer cells, antigen presentation of dendritic cells, and macrophage polarization, thereby activating the inflammatory response in the cancer microenvironment. Furthermore, combining autophagy-regulating drugs or genes with biomembrane nanostructures can exploit the targeting and long-term circulation properties of these nanostructures, leading to increased drug accumulation in cancer cells. This review explores the role of autophagy in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, metastasis, cancer immune responses, and resistance to treatment. Additionally, it highlights recent research advancements in the synergistic anticancer effects achieved through autophagy regulation by biomembrane nanostructures. The review also discusses the prospects and challenges associated with the future clinical translation of these innovative treatment strategies. In summary, these findings provide valuable insights into autophagy, autophagy-modulating biomembrane-based nanostructures, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby facilitating the development of promising cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Mengya Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hengqing Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China; Tongji Hospital,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tinglin Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lili Wu
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chuan Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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9
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He K, Chen M, Liu J, Du S, Ren C, Zhang J. Nanomedicine for cancer targeted therapy with autophagy regulation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1238827. [PMID: 38239356 PMCID: PMC10794438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties and are currently widely used in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and new drug development in biomedicine. In recent years, the role of nanomedical technology in cancer treatment has become increasingly obvious. Autophagy is a multi-step degradation process in cells and an important pathway for material and energy recovery. It is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. Because nanomaterials are highly targeted and biosafe, they can be used as carriers to deliver autophagy regulators; in addition to their favorable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials can be employed to carry autophagy inhibitors, reducing the breakdown of chemotherapy drugs by cancer cells and thereby enhancing the drug's efficacy. Furthermore, certain nanomaterials can induce autophagy, triggering oxidative stress-mediated autophagy enhancement and cell apoptosis, thus constraining the progression of cancer cells.There are various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, micelles, polymers, metal-based materials, and carbon-based materials. The majority of clinically applicable drugs are liposomes, though other materials are currently undergoing continuous optimization. This review begins with the roles of autophagy in tumor treatment, and then focuses on the application of nanomaterials with autophagy-regulating functions in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketai He
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingkun Chen
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Shufang Du
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Low LE, Kong CK, Yap WH, Siva SP, Gan SH, Siew WS, Ming LC, Lai-Foenander AS, Chang SK, Lee WL, Wu Y, Khaw KY, Ong YS, Tey BT, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Goh BH. Hydroxychloroquine: Key therapeutic advances and emerging nanotechnological landscape for cancer mitigation. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110750. [PMID: 37839513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a unique class of medications that has been widely utilized for the treatment of cancer. HCQ plays a dichotomous role by inhibiting autophagy induced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Preclinical studies support the use of HCQ for anti-cancer therapy, especially in combination with conventional anti-cancer treatments since they sensitize tumor cells to drugs, potentiating the therapeutic activity. However, clinical evidence has suggested poor outcomes for HCQ due to various obstacles, including non-specific distribution, low aqueous solubility and low bioavailability at target sites, transport across tissue barriers, and retinal toxicity. These issues are addressable via the integration of HCQ with nanotechnology to produce HCQ-conjugated nanomedicines. This review aims to discuss the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and antitumor properties of HCQ. Furthermore, the antitumor performance of the nanoformulated HCQ is also reviewed thoroughly, aiming to serve as a guide for the HCQ-based enhanced treatment of cancers. The nanoencapsulation or nanoconjugation of HCQ with nanoassemblies appears to be a promising method for reducing the toxicity and improving the antitumor efficacy of HCQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ee Low
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Plant Oils Research Laboratory (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Kei Kong
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wei-Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Sangeetaprivya P Siva
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Sheng Siew
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ashley Sean Lai-Foenander
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, 31900, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Wai-Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| | - Kooi-Yeong Khaw
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China; Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMDC), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Silli EK, Li M, Shao Y, Zhang Y, Hou G, Du J, Liang J, Wang Y. Liposomal nanostructures for Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel delivery in pancreatic cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:13-24. [PMID: 37758121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an incurable disease with a high death rate in the world nowadays. Gemcitabine (GEM) and Paclitaxel (PTX) are considered as references of chemotherapeutic treatments and are commonly used in clinical applications. Factors related to the tumor microenvironment such as insufficient tumor penetration, toxicity, and drug resistance can limit the effectiveness of these therapeutic anticancer drugs. The use of different liposomal nanostructures is a way that can optimize the drug's effectiveness and reduce toxicity. Given the development of PC therapy, this review focuses on advances in Nano-formulation, characterization, and delivery systems of loaded GEM and PTX liposomes using chemotherapy, nucleic acid delivery, and stroma remodeling therapy. As a result, the review covers the literature dealing with the applications of liposomes in PC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Epiphane K Silli
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Mengfei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Yuting Shao
- College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Guilin Hou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jiaqian Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jingdan Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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12
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Saadh MJ, Baher H, Li Y, Chaitanya M, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Allela OQB, Mahdi MH, Carlos Cotrina-Aliaga J, Lakshmaiya N, Ahjel S, Amin AH, Gilmer Rosales Rojas G, Ameen F, Ahsan M, Akhavan-Sigari R. The bioengineered and multifunctional nanoparticles in pancreatic cancer therapy: Bioresponisive nanostructures, phototherapy and targeted drug delivery. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116490. [PMID: 37354932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The multidisciplinary approaches in treatment of cancer appear to be essential in term of bringing benefits of several disciplines and their coordination in tumor elimination. Because of the biological and malignant features of cancer cells, they have ability of developing resistance to conventional therapies such as chemo- and radio-therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant disease of gastrointestinal tract in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy are main tools in its treatment, and recently, nanocarriers have been emerged as promising structures in its therapy. The bioresponsive nanocarriers are able to respond to pH and redox, among others, in targeted delivery of cargo for specific treatment of PC. The loading drugs on the nanoparticles that can be synthetic or natural compounds, can help in more reduction in progression of PC through enhancing their intracellular accumulation in cancer cells. The encapsulation of genes in the nanoparticles can protect against degradation and promotes intracellular accumulation in tumor suppression. A new kind of therapy for cancer is phototherapy in which nanoparticles can stimulate both photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy through hyperthermia and ROS overgeneration to trigger cell death in PC. Therefore, synergistic therapy of phototherapy with chemotherapy is performed in accelerating tumor suppression. One of the important functions of nanotechnology is selective targeting of PC cells in reducing side effects on normal cells. The nanostructures are capable of being surface functionalized with aptamers, proteins and antibodies to specifically target PC cells in suppressing their progression. Therefore, a specific therapy for PC is provided and future implications for diagnosis of PC is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Baher
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasonography Techniques, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yuanji Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Mvnl Chaitanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Salam Ahjel
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Measurememts and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zhang W, Zou R, Sethi G, Klionsky DJ, Zhang X. A bioinformatics analysis, pre-clinical and clinical conception of autophagy in pancreatic cancer: Complexity and simplicity in crosstalk. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106822. [PMID: 37336429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious gastrointestinal tract disease for which the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%, even in developed countries such as the USA. The genomic profile alterations and dysregulated biological mechanisms commonly occur in PC. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cell death process that is maintained at a basal level in physiological conditions, whereas its level often changes during tumorigenesis. The function of autophagy in human cancers is dual and can be oncogenic and onco-suppressor. Autophagy is a potent controller of tumorigenesis in PC. The supportive autophagy in PC escalates the growth rate of PC cells and its suppression can mediate cell death. Autophagy also determines the metastasis of PC cells, and it can control the EMT in affecting migration. Moreover, starvation and hypoxia can stimulate glycolysis, and glycolysis induction can be mediated by autophagy in enhancing tumorigenesis in PC. Furthermore, protective autophagy stimulates drug resistance and gemcitabine resistance in PC cells, and its inhibition can enhance radiosensitivity. Autophagy can degrade MHC-I to mediate immune evasion and also regulates polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Modulation of autophagy activity is provided by silibinin, ursolic acid, chrysin and huaier in the treatment of PC. Non-coding RNAs are also controllers of autophagy in PC and its inhibition can improve therapy response in patients. Moreover, mitophagy shows dysregulation in PC, which can enhance the proliferation of PC cells. Therefore, a bioinformatics analysis demonstrates the dysregulation of autophagy-related proteins and genes in PC as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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14
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Bhagya N, Chandrashekar KR. Liposome encapsulated anticancer drugs on autophagy in cancer cells - current and future perspective. Int J Pharm 2023:123105. [PMID: 37279869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy act as a double-edged sword in cancer with both tumor promoting and inhibiting roles. Under normal conditions of autophagy, the damaged cell organelles and other debris degrade inside the lysosome to provide energy and macromolecular precursors. However, enhanced autophagy can lead to apoptosis and programmed cell death highlighting its significance in cancer therapy. Liposome-based drug delivery systems for treating cancer patients have significant advantages over their non-formulated or free drug counterparts which could be effectively used to manipulate autophagy pathway in cancer patients. In the current review, drug uptake by the cells and its role in autophagy-mediated cancer cell death are discussed. Besides, the challenges and translational difficulties associated with the use of liposome-based chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical trials and in biomedical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhagya
- Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
| | - K R Chandrashekar
- Yenepoya Pharmacy and Ayush Research Centre (YEN PARC), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
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15
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Yang H, Liang T, Bai X. The "Self-eating" of cancer-associated fibroblast: A potential target for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114762. [PMID: 37100015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy helps maintain energy homeostasis and protect cells from stress effects by selectively removing misfolded/polyubiquitylated proteins, lipids, and damaged mitochondria. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are cellular components of tumor microenvironment (TME). Autophagy in CAFs inhibits tumor development in the early stages; however, it has a tumor-promoting effect in advanced stages. In this review, we aimed to summarize the modulators responsible for the induction of autophagy in CAFs, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, mitochondrial stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, we aimed to present autophagy-related signaling pathways in CAFs, and role of autophagy in CAF activation, tumor progression, tumor immune microenvironment. Autophagy in CAFs may be an emerging target for tumor therapy. In summary, autophagy in CAFs is regulated by a variety of modulators and can reshape tumor immune microenvironment, affecting tumor progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanshen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Škubník J, Svobodová Pavlíčková V, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Autophagy in cancer resistance to paclitaxel: Development of combination strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114458. [PMID: 36889112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a compound naturally occurring in yew, is a commonly used drug for the treatment of different types of cancer. Unfortunately, frequent cancer cell resistance significantly decreases its anticancer effectivity. The main reason for the resistance development is the paclitaxel-induced phenomenon of cytoprotective autophagy occurring by different mechanisms of action in dependence on a cell type and possibly even leading to metastases. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy in cancer stem cells, which greatly contributes to tumor resistance development. Paclitaxel anticancer effectivity can be predicted by the presence of several autophagy-related molecular markers, such as tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13 in triple-negative breast cancer or cystine/glutamate transporter encoded by the SLC7A11 gene in ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the undesired effects of paclitaxel-induced autophagy can be eliminated by paclitaxel co-administration with autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine. Interestingly, in certain cases, it is worthy of potentiating autophagy by paclitaxel combination with autophagy inducers, for instance, apatinib. A modern strategy in anticancer research is also to encapsulate chemotherapeutics into nanoparticle carriers or develop their novel derivatives with improved anticancer properties. Hence, in this review article, we summarize not only the current knowledge of paclitaxel-induced autophagy and its role in cancer resistance but mainly the possible drug combinations based on paclitaxel and their administration in nanoparticle-based formulations as well as paclitaxel analogs with autophagy-modulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Škubník
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimíra Svobodová Pavlíčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
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17
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Raza F, Evans L, Motallebi M, Zafar H, Pereira-Silva M, Saleem K, Peixoto D, Rahdar A, Sharifi E, Veiga F, Hoskins C, Paiva-Santos AC. Liposome-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications for pancreatic cancer. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:1-23. [PMID: 36521673 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the harshest and most challenging cancers to treat, often labeled as incurable. Chemotherapy continues to be the most popular treatment yet yields a very poor prognosis. The main barriers such as inefficient drug penetration and drug resistance, have led to the development of drug carrier systems. The benefits, ease of fabrication and modification of liposomes render them as ideal future drug delivery systems. This review delves into the versatility of liposomes to achieve various mechanisms of treatment for pancreatic cancer. Not only are there benefits of loading chemotherapy drugs and targeting agents onto liposomes, as well as mRNA combined therapy, but liposomes have also been exploited for immunotherapy and can be programmed to respond to photothermal therapy. Multifunctional liposomal formulations have demonstrated significant pre-clinical success. Functionalising drug-encapsulated liposomes has resulted in triggered drug release, specific targeting, and remodeling of the tumor environment. Suppressing tumor progression has been achieved, due to their ability to more efficiently and precisely deliver chemotherapy. Currently, no multifunctional surface-modified liposomes are clinically approved for pancreatic cancer thus we aim to shed light on the trials and tribulations and progress so far, with the hope for liposomal therapy in the future and improved patient outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Considering that conventional treatments for pancreatic cancer are highly associated with sub-optimal performance and systemic toxicity, the development of novel therapeutic strategies holds outmost relevance for pancreatic cancer management. Liposomes are being increasingly considered as promising nanocarriers for providing not only an early diagnosis but also effective, highly specific, and safer treatment, improving overall patient outcome. This manuscript is the first in the last 10 years that revises the advances in the application of liposome-based formulations in bioimaging, chemotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, combination therapies, and emergent therapies for pancreatic cancer management. Prospective insights are provided regarding several advantages resulting from the use of liposome technology in precision strategies, fostering new ideas for next-generation diagnosis and targeted therapies of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Lauren Evans
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Mahzad Motallebi
- Immunology Board for Transplantation And Cell-based Therapeutics (Immuno_TACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 7616911319, Iran; Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajra Zafar
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Miguel Pereira-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kalsoom Saleem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Diana Peixoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clare Hoskins
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Zhang H, Chen L, Zhao Y, Luo N, Shi J, Xu S, Ma L, Wang M, Gu M, Mu C, Xiong Y. Relaxin-encapsulated polymeric metformin nanoparticles remodel tumor immune microenvironment by reducing CAFs for efficient triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100796. [PMID: 37008735 PMCID: PMC10064789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment which mediate desmoplastic response and are the primary driver for an immunosuppressive microenvironment, leading to the failure of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy. Therefore, depleting CAFs may enhance the effect of immunotherapy (such as PD-L1 antibody). Relaxin (RLN) has been demonstrated to significantly improve transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induced CAFs activation and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, the short half-life and systemic vasodilation of RLN limit its in vivo efficacy. Here, plasmid encoding relaxin (pRLN) to locally express RLN was delivered with a new positively charged polymer named polymeric metformin (PolyMet), which could increase gene transfer efficiency significantly and have low toxicity that have been certified by our lab before. In order to improve the stability of pRLN in vivo, this complex was further formed lipid poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA)/PolyMet-pRLN nanoparticle (LPPR). The particle size of LPPR was 205.5 ± 2.9 nm, and the zeta potential was +55.4 ± 1.6 mV. LPPR displayed excellent tumor penetrating efficacy and weaken proliferation of CAFs in 4T1luc/CAFs tumor spheres in vitro. In vivo, it could reverse aberrantly activated CAFs by decreasing the expression of profibrogenic cytokine and remove the physical barrier to reshape the tumor stromal microenvironment, which enabled a 2.2-fold increase in cytotoxic T cell infiltration within the tumor and a decrease in immunosuppressive cells infiltration. Thus, LPPR was observed retarded tumor growth by itself in the 4T1 tumor bearing-mouse, and the reshaped immune microenvironment further led to facilitate antitumor effect when it combined with PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1). Altogether, this study presented a novel therapeutic approach against tumor stroma using LPPR to achieve a combination regimen with immune checkpoint blockade therapy against the desmoplastic TNBC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liying Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ningchao Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jingbin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Menglin Wang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Mancang Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Corresponding author at: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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19
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Zhang M, Xu H. Peptide-assembled nanoparticles targeting tumor cells and tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Front Chem 2023; 11:1115495. [PMID: 36762192 PMCID: PMC9902599 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells and corrupt stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment usually overexpress cancer-specific markers that are absent or barely detectable in normal cells, providing available targets for inhibiting the occurrence and development of cancers. It is noticeable that therapeutic peptides are emerging in cancer therapies and playing more and more important roles. Moreover, the peptides can be self-assembled and/or incorporated with polymeric molecules to form nanoparticles via non-covalent bond, which have presented appealing as well as enhanced capacities of recognizing targeted cells, responding to microenvironments, mediating internalization, and achieving therapeutic effects. In this review, we will introduce the peptide-based nanoparticles and their application advances in targeting tumor cells and stromal cells, including suppressive immune cells, fibrosis-related cells, and angiogenic vascular cells, for cancer therapy.
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20
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Li X, Zhou J, Wang X, Li C, Ma Z, Wan Q, Peng F. Pancreatic cancer and fibrosis: Targeting metabolic reprogramming and crosstalk of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152312. [PMID: 37033960 PMCID: PMC10073477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most dangerous types of cancer today, notable for its low survival rate and fibrosis. Deciphering the cellular composition and intercellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a necessary prerequisite to combat pancreatic cancer with precision. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as major producers of extracellular matrix (ECM), play a key role in tumor progression. CAFs display significant heterogeneity and perform different roles in tumor progression. Tumor cells turn CAFs into their slaves by inducing their metabolic dysregulation, exacerbating fibrosis to acquire drug resistance and immune evasion. This article reviews the impact of metabolic reprogramming, effect of obesity and cellular crosstalk of CAFs and tumor cells on fibrosis and describes relevant therapies targeting the metabolic reprogramming.
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Combination of polythyleneimine regulating autophagy prodrug and Mdr1 siRNA for tumor multidrug resistance. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:476. [DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) has been restricting the efficacy of chemotherapy, which mainly include pump resistance and non-pump resistance. In order to fight overall MDR, a novel targeted gene/drug co-deliver nano system is developed, which can suppress the drug efflux pumps and modulate autophagy to overcoming both pump and non-pump resistance. Here, small interfere RNA (siRNA) is incorporated into polymer-drug conjugates (PEI-PTX, PP) which are composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and paclitaxel (PTX) via covalent bonds, and hyaluronic acid (HA) is coated on the surface of PP/siRNA to achieve long blood cycle and CD44-targeted delivery. The RNA interference to mdr1 gene is combined with autophagy inhibition by PP, which efficiently facilitate apoptosis of Taxol-resistant lung cancer cells (A549/T). Further study indicates that PEI in PP may play a significant role to block the autophagosome–lysosome fusion process by means of alkalizing lysosomes. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the nanoassemblies can successfully deliver PTX and siRNA into tumor cells and significantly inhibited A549/T tumor growth. In summary, the polymeric nanoassemblies provide a potential strategy for combating both pump and non-pump resistance via the synergism of RNAi and autophagy modulation.
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22
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Egorova EA, Nikitin MP. Delivery of Theranostic Nanoparticles to Various Cancers by Means of Integrin-Binding Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213735. [PMID: 36430214 PMCID: PMC9696485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting of tumors is believed to be the key to efficient cancer therapy and accurate, early-stage diagnostics. Active targeting implies minimized off-targeting and associated cytotoxicity towards healthy tissue. One way to acquire active targeting is to employ conjugates of therapeutic agents with ligands known to bind receptors overexpressed onto cancer cells. The integrin receptor family has been studied as a target for cancer treatment for almost fifty years. However, systematic knowledge on their effects on cancer cells, is yet lacking, especially when utilized as an active targeting ligand for particulate formulations. Decoration with various integrin-targeting peptides has been reported to increase nanoparticle accumulation in tumors ≥ 3-fold when compared to passively targeted delivery. In recent years, many newly discovered or rationally designed integrin-binding peptides with excellent specificity towards a single integrin receptor have emerged. Here, we show a comprehensive analysis of previously unreviewed integrin-binding peptides, provide diverse modification routes for nanoparticle conjugation, and showcase the most notable examples of their use for tumor and metastases visualization and eradication to date, as well as possibilities for combined cancer therapies for a synergetic effect. This review aims to highlight the latest advancements in integrin-binding peptide development and is directed to aid transition to the development of novel nanoparticle-based theranostic agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Egorova
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 1 Meditsinskaya Str., 603081 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maxim P. Nikitin
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
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23
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Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Clark C, Zabolian A, Ranjbar E, Farahani MV, Saleki H, Sharifzadeh SO, Far FB, Ashrafizadeh M, Samarghandian S, Khan H, Ghavami S, Zarrabi A, Łos MJ. Targeted regulation of autophagy using nanoparticles: New insight into cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Autophagy as a molecular target of quercetin underlying its protective effects in human diseases. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:200-208. [PMID: 31564166 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1671458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, known as a "self-eating" process, is associated with degradation of aged or damaged components and organelles. Generally, autophagy is a survival mechanism that provides energy during nutritional deprivation. This mechanism plays a remarkable role during the physiological condition by maintaining homeostasis and energy balance and several pathological conditions, particularly neurological disorders. Due to the critical role of autophagy in cancer, much attention has been made in the regulation of autophagy using both naturally occurring and synthetic drugs. Quercetin is a plant-derived chemical belonging to the family of flavonoids. Quercetin has valuable biological and therapeutic effects such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective. At the present review, we first provide an introduction about quercetin and autophagy with its related molecular pathways. We also describe how quercetin modulates autophagy mechanism to exert its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of basic science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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25
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Singh D, Mohapatra P, Kumar S, Behera S, Dixit A, Sahoo SK. Nimbolide-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles induces Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition by dual inhibition of AKT and mTOR in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105293. [PMID: 34883246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor prognosis and remains highly aggressive despite current advancements in therapies. Chemoresistance and high metastatic nature of PDAC is attributed to a small subset of stem-like cells within the tumor known as Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Here, we developed a strategy for targeting pancreatic CSCs through forceful induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition driven by encapsulating a phytochemical Nimbolide in nanoparticles. Binding of Nimbolide with the key regulator proteins of CSCs were studied through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies, which revealed that it binds to AKT and mTOR with high affinity. Further, in vitro studies revealed that Nim NPs are capable of inducing forceful mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of pancreatospheres that leads to loss of multidrug resistance and self-renewal properties of pancreatospheres. Our study gives a proof of concept that encapsulation of Nim in PLGA nanoparticles increases its therapeutic effect on pancreatospheres. Further, binding of Nim to AKT and mTOR negatively regulates their activity that ultimately leads to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of pancreatic CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Mohapatra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sugandh Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Somalisa Behera
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjeeb Kumar Sahoo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India.
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26
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Li J, Chen X, Kang R, Zeh H, Klionsky DJ, Tang D. Regulation and function of autophagy in pancreatic cancer. Autophagy 2021; 17:3275-3296. [PMID: 33161807 PMCID: PMC8632104 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1847462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutation-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Macroautophagy (hereafter "autophagy") is one of the lysosome-dependent degradation systems that can remove abnormal proteins, damaged organelles, or invading pathogens by activating dynamic membrane structures (e.g., phagophores, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes). Impaired autophagy (including excessive activation and defects) is a pathological feature of human diseases, including pancreatic cancer. However, dysfunctional autophagy has many types and plays a complex role in pancreatic tumor biology, depending on various factors, such as tumor stage, microenvironment, immunometabolic state, and death signals. As a modulator connecting various cellular events, pharmacological targeting of nonselective autophagy may lead to both good and bad therapeutic effects. In contrast, targeting selective autophagy could reduce potential side effects of the drugs used. In this review, we describe the advances and challenges of autophagy in the development and therapy of pancreatic cancer.Abbreviations: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; CQ: chloroquine; csc: cancer stem cells; DAMP: danger/damage-associated molecular pattern; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; lncRNA: long noncoding RNA; MIR: microRNA; PanIN: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; SNARE: soluble NSF attachment protein receptor; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Herbert Zeh
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Mu J, Gao S, Yang J, Wu F, Zhou H. Fundamental and Clinical Applications of Materials Based on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11671. [PMID: 34769102 PMCID: PMC8583912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stromal cells play a role in promoting tumor relapse and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, the current treatment paradigms for cancers are usually insufficient to eradicate cancer cells, and anti-cancer therapeutic strategies targeting stromal cells have been developed. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are perpetually activated fibroblasts in the tumor stroma. CAFs are the most abundant and highly heterogeneous stromal cells, and they are critically involved in cancer occurrence and progression. These effects are due to their various roles in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, maintenance of cancer stemness, modulation of tumor metabolism, and promotion of therapy resistance. Recently, biomaterials and nanomaterials based on CAFs have been increasingly developed to perform gene or protein expression analysis, three-dimensional (3D) co-cultivation, and targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment. In this review, we systematically summarize the current research to fully understand the relevant materials and their functional diversity in CAFs, and we highlight the potential clinical applications of CAFs-oriented biomaterials and nanomaterials in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shengtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.M.); (J.Y.)
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28
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Chen X, Tao Y, He M, Deng M, Guo R, Sheng Q, Wang X, Ren K, Li T, He X, Zang S, Zhang Z, Li M, He Q. Co-delivery of autophagy inhibitor and gemcitabine using a pH-activatable core-shell nanobomb inhibits pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Theranostics 2021; 11:8692-8705. [PMID: 34522207 PMCID: PMC8419034 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis is one of the main reasons for the high mortality associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and autophagy regulates the metastatic migration of tumor cells, their invasion of tissues, and their formation of focal adhesions. Inhibiting autophagy may suppress tumor growth and metastasis, but the abundant extracellular matrix hinders the deep penetration of therapeutic agents. Methods: To enhance the penetration of drugs that can inhibit metastasis of pancreatic cancer, a pH-responsive drug delivery system was formulated. Gemcitabine (GEM), a first-line chemotherapeutic drug against PDAC, was loaded in 6PA-modified DGL (PDGL) nanoparticles to afford PDGL-GEM. Then PDGL-GEM was co-precipitated with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine phosphate (CQ) and calcium phosphate to formulate PDGL-GEM@CAP/CQ. The size and morphology of the resulting "nanobomb" PDGL-GEM@CAP/CQ were characterized, and their uptake into cells, cytotoxicity and ability to inhibit autophagy were analyzed at pH 6.5 and 7.4. The anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of the nanobomb were explored on mice carrying Pan 02 pancreatic tumor xenografts or orthotopic tumors. Results: The pH-induced dissolution of calcium phosphate facilitated the release of CQ from the nanobomb and deep penetration of PDGL-GEM. The internalization of PDGL-GEM and subsequent intracellular release of GEM inhibited tumor growth, while CQ downregulated autophagy in tumor cells and fibroblasts. In fact, inhibition of xenograft and orthotopic tumor growth was greater with the complete PDGL-GEM@CAP/CQ than with subassemblies lacking GEM or CQ. More importantly, mechanistic studies in vitro and in vivo suggested that the nanobomb inhibits metastasis by downregulating MMP-2 and paxillin, as well as reducing fibrosis. Conclusion: The pH-sensitive PDGL-GEM@CAP/CQ shows potential for inhibiting proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer through an autophagy-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Sofias AM, De Lorenzi F, Peña Q, Azadkhah Shalmani A, Vucur M, Wang JW, Kiessling F, Shi Y, Consolino L, Storm G, Lammers T. Therapeutic and diagnostic targeting of fibrosis in metabolic, proliferative and viral disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113831. [PMID: 34139255 PMCID: PMC7611899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common denominator in many pathologies and crucially affects disease progression, drug delivery efficiency and therapy outcome. We here summarize therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for fibrosis targeting in atherosclerosis and cardiac disease, cancer, diabetes, liver diseases and viral infections. We address various anti-fibrotic targets, ranging from cells and genes to metabolites and proteins, primarily focusing on fibrosis-promoting features that are conserved among the different diseases. We discuss how anti-fibrotic therapies have progressed over the years, and how nanomedicine formulations can potentiate anti-fibrotic treatment efficacy. From a diagnostic point of view, we discuss how medical imaging can be employed to facilitate the diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring of fibrotic disorders. Altogether, this comprehensive overview serves as a basis for developing individualized and improved treatment strategies for patients suffering from fibrosis-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Mildred Scheel School of Oncology (MSSO), Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO(ABCD)), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Federica De Lorenzi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Quim Peña
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Armin Azadkhah Shalmani
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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30
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Hani U, Osmani RAM, Siddiqua A, Wahab S, Batool S, Ather H, Sheraba N, Alqahtani A. A systematic study of novel drug delivery mechanisms and treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Preclinical autophagy modulatory nanomedicines: big challenges, slow advances. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1415-1434. [PMID: 34030559 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1933428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a critical housekeeping pathway to remove toxic protein aggregates, damaged organelles, providing cells with bioenergetic substrates needed to survive under adverse conditions. Since altered autophagy is associated with diverse diseases, its pharmacological modulation is considered of therapeutic interest. Nanomedicines may reduce the toxicity and improve the activity of toxic autophagy modulatory drugs (amd). AREAS COVERED The status of the most relevant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infectious treatments mediated by autophagy modulatory nanomedicines (amN) published in the last 5 years is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Antitumor and anti-inflammatory treatments may be improved by administering amN for selective, massive, and targeted delivery of amd to diseased tissues. The use of amN as antimicrobial agent remains almost underexploited. Assessing the effect of amN on the complex autophagy machinery operating under different basal diseases, however, is not a trivial task. Besides structural reproducibility, nanomedicines must grant higher efficiency, and lower adverse effects than conventional medication. Simplicity of design, carefully chosen (scalable) preparation techniques, and rigorous monitoring of preclinical efficacy and nanotoxicity will improve the chances of clinical success. Currently, available data are not sufficient to envisage a fast-succeeding translation. Application of quality by design criteria would help to reach such milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Lilia Romero
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Jose Morilla
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fei N, Wen S, Ramanathan R, Hogg ME, Zureikat AH, Lotze MT, Bahary N, Singhi AD, Zeh HJ, Boone BA. SMAD4 loss is associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus hydroxychloroquine in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1822-1829. [PMID: 34002944 PMCID: PMC8504806 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD4, a tumor suppressor gene, is lost in up to 60%–90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAs). Loss of SMAD4 allows tumor progression by upregulating autophagy, a cell survival mechanism that counteracts apoptosis and allows intracellular recycling of macromolecules. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an autophagy inhibitor. We studied whether HCQ treatment in SMAD4 deficient PDA may prevent therapeutic resistance induced by autophagy upregulation. We retrospectively analyzed the SMAD4 status of patients with PDA enrolled in two prospective clinical trials evaluating pre‐operative HCQ. The first dose escalation trial demonstrated the safety of preoperative gemcitabine with HCQ (NCT01128296). More recently, a randomized trial of gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel +/− HCQ evaluated Evans Grade histopathologic response (NCT01978184). The effect of SMAD4 loss on response to HCQ and chemotherapy was studied for association with clinical outcome. Fisher’s exact test and log‐rank test were used to assess response and survival. Fifty‐two patients receiving HCQ with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were studied. Twenty‐five patients had SMAD4 loss (48%). 76% of HCQ‐treated patients with SMAD4 loss obtained a histopathologic response greater than or equal to 2A, compared with only 37% with SMAD4 intact (p = 0.006). Although loss of SMAD4 has been associated with worse outcomes, in the current study, loss of SMAD4 was not associated with a detriment in median overall survival in HCQ‐treated patients (34.43 months in SMAD4 loss vs. 27.27 months in SMAD4 intact, p = 0.18). The addition of HCQ to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with PDA may improve treatment response in those with SMAD4 loss. Further study of the relationship among SMAD4, autophagy, and treatment outcomes in PDA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Fei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rajesh Ramanathan
- Department of Surgery, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Melissa E Hogg
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Northshore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amer H Zureikat
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Bahary
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Brian A Boone
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and the search for specialised therapy options has been a challenge for decades. The emergence of active targeted therapies provides the opportunity to treat cancerous tissues without harming healthy ones due to peculiar physiological changes. Herein, peptides and peptide analogs have been gaining a lot of attention over the last decade, especially for the on-site delivery of therapeutics to target tissues in order to achieve efficient and reliable cancer treatment. Combining peptides with highly efficient drug delivery platforms could potentially eliminate off-target adverse effects encountered during active targeting of conventional chemotherapeutics. Small size, ease of production and characterisation, low immunogenicity and satisfactory binding affinity of peptides offer some advantages over other complex targeting moiety, no wonder the market of peptide-based drugs continues to expand expeditiously. It is estimated that the global peptide drug market will be worth around USD 48.04 billion by 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of 9.4%. In this review, the current state of art of peptide-based therapeutics with special interest on tumour targeting peptides has been discussed. Moreover, various active targeting strategies such as the use functionalised peptides or peptide analogs are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Seda Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Neslihan Gürsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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34
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Fan F, Jin L, Yang L. pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles Composed Solely of Membrane-Disruptive Macromolecules for Treating Pancreatic Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12824-12835. [PMID: 33689289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic tumor is extremely lethal because its cancerous structures are sheltered by dense stromal barriers that hinder the infiltration of therapeutics. To facilitate the infiltration of therapeutics through the stromal barrier, remodeling the stroma with an adjuvant prior to or together with gemcitabine-the current chemotherapeutic standard for pancreatic cancer-is a widely studied strategy; nevertheless, the intrinsic nonuniformity in distribution (spatial and/or temporal) of the adjuvant and gemcitabine has raised the increased risk of tumor metastasis as a major concern. In this work, we propose long-circulating, pH-sensitive nanoparticles composed solely of cellular membrane-disruptive molecules as a new approach for treating pancreatic cancer. Using a micelle of a polymeric mimetic of host defense peptides as the model for such nanoparticles, we showed that this nanoparticle exhibited acid-activated cytotoxicity indiscriminately to both cancerous and fibroblast cells, and the underlying activity mode was acid-activatable disruption of cellular membrane integrity. As a result, our acid-activatable nanoparticle effectively permeabilized the stromal barrier and eradicated the otherwise sheltered pancreatic cancer cells, as demonstrated with a three-dimensional spheroid in which a shell of fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells was cultured over a core of pancreatic BxPC-3 cells. When administered intravenously into mouse models bearing xenograft pancreatic BxPC-3 tumors, our acid-activatable nanoparticle efficiently inhibited tumor growth without causing noticeable off-target adverse effects or promoting tumor metastasis. Notably, this nanoparticle permeabilized the otherwise dense pancreatic tumor tissue while significantly suppressing the expression of extracellular matrix components and activated cancer-associated fibroblasts. Although the feasibility of our approach was demonstrated with a micelle of a polymeric molecule, we trust that future research efforts in this pathway may eventually offer translational formulations for improving the therapeutic efficacy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lijun Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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35
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Li N, Han S, Ma B, Huang X, Xu L, Cao J, Sun Y. Chemosensitivity enhanced by autophagy inhibition based on a polycationic nano-drug carrier. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1656-1673. [PMID: 36132550 PMCID: PMC9417626 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00990c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing understanding of the role of autophagy in tumorigenesis and development, a steady stream of studies have demonstrated that both excessive induction and inhibition of autophagy could effectively improve the therapeutic efficacy against tumors during cytotoxic or molecularly targeted drug therapy. Among them, autophagy inhibition mediated by nanomaterials has become an appealing notion in nanomedicine therapeutics, since it can be exploited as an effective adjuvant in chemotherapy or as a potential anti-tumor agent. Herein, we constructed a pH-sensitive nanoplatform loaded with epirubicin (EPI) (mPEG-b-P(DPA-b-DMAEMA)/EPI), enabling effective autophagy inhibition in the process of tumor-targeting therapy and further sensitized the tumors to EPI. It was found that polycationic nanomicelles (PEDD-Ms) displayed specific localization in lysosomes after entering tumor cells and caused the impairment of lysosomal degradation capacity through lysosomal alkalization in a dose-dependent manner. HepG2 cells treated with PEDD-Ms displayed a large-scale accumulation of autophagosomes and LC3 (an autophagosome marker protein), and the degradation of the autophagy substrate p62 was also blocked, which indicated that these functional nanomicelles could significantly inhibit autophagy. Meanwhile, the typical morphological characteristics of autophagosomes were directly visualized by TEM. In vivo results also showed that the tumor-targeted and autophagy inhibition-associated nanoplatform therapy could effectively improve the therapeutic efficiency of EPI, which may be partially attributed to the fact that autophagy inhibition could enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to EPI. Overall, we revealed the effect of polycationic nanomicelles on autophagic processes in tumor cells and explored their possible molecular mechanism, also considering the synergistic outcome between autophagy mediated by nanomaterials and chemotherapeutic drugs to improve the therapeutic effect on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Shangcong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Central Hospital Qingdao China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Lisa Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Huang X, Cai H, Zhou H, Li T, Jin H, Evans CE, Cai J, Pi J. Cobalt oxide nanoparticle-synergized protein degradation and phototherapy for enhanced anticancer therapeutics. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:605-620. [PMID: 33259958 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How to enable protein degradation pathways including the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to enhance the efficacy of anticancer treatments remains a substantial challenge. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) have attracted interest in recent years for their potential use as a synergistic anticancer treatment, although their therapeutic mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Here, we describe the synergistic use of Co3O4 NPs as an autophagy inhibitor, chemosensitizer and photosensitizer, which manipulate protein degradation pathways (ALP and UPS) and photothermal therapy for enhanced anticancer treatments both in vitro and in vivo. We show that Co3O4 NPs can induce autolysosome accumulation and lysosomal functions damage by inhibiting lysosomal proteolytic activity and reducing intracellular ATP levels. Notably, Co3O4 NPs can be combined with the proteasome inhibitor, Carfilzomib (Cfz), to promote the accumulation of autophagic substrates, protein ubiquitination, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and in doing so, inhibit cancer progression. By taking advantage of their photothermal conversion efficiency, Co3O4 NPs can also serve as photothermal sensitizer, which synergistically enhances the anticancer efficacy of Cfz both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we provide evidence of a nanomaterial-synergized, photothermal anticancer strategy that synergistically targets cancer cell survival pathways and may eventually serve to enhance the anticancer efficacy of established cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 000583, China
| | - Huaihong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 000583, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, the Scientific Research Center of Dongguan, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Colin E Evans
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jiye Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 000583, China; Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiang Pi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Nanomedicine Reformulation of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010175. [PMID: 33396545 PMCID: PMC7794963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroquine family of antimalarials has a long history of use, spanning many decades. Despite this extensive clinical experience, novel applications, including use in autoimmune disorders, infectious disease, and cancer, have only recently been identified. While short term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is safe at traditional therapeutic doses in patients without predisposing conditions, administration of higher doses and for longer durations are associated with toxicity, including retinotoxicity. Additional liabilities of these medications include pharmacokinetic profiles that require extended dosing to achieve therapeutic tissue concentrations. To improve chloroquine therapy, researchers have turned toward nanomedicine reformulation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to increase exposure of target tissues relative to off-target tissues, thereby improving the therapeutic index. This review highlights these reformulation efforts to date, identifying issues in experimental designs leading to ambiguity regarding the nanoformulation improvements and lack of thorough pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation. Gaps in our current understanding of these formulations, as well as recommendations for future formulation efforts, are presented.
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38
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Condello M, Mancini G, Meschini S. The Exploitation of Liposomes in the Inhibition of Autophagy to Defeat Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:787. [PMID: 32547395 PMCID: PMC7272661 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a mechanism involved in many human diseases and in cancers can have a cytotoxic/cytostatic or protective action, being in the latter case involved in multidrug resistance. Understanding which of these roles autophagy has in cancer is thus fundamental for therapeutical decisions because it permits to optimize the therapeutical approach by activating or inhibiting autophagy according to the progression of the disease. However, a serious drawback of cancer treatment is often the scarce availability of drugs and autophagy modulators at the sites of interest. In the recent years, several nanocarriers have been developed and investigated to improve the solubility, bioavailability, controlled release of therapeutics and increase their cytotoxic effect on cancer cell. Here we have reviewed only liposomes as carriers of chemotherapeutics and autophagy inhibitors because they have low toxicity and immunogenicity and they are biodegradable and versatile. In this review after the analysis of the dual role of autophagy, of the main autophagic pathways, and of the role of autophagy in multidrug resistance, we will focus on the most effective liposomal formulations, thus highlighting the great potential of these targeting systems to defeat cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Condello
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mancini
- Institute for Biological Systems, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Meschini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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