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Bjørklund G, Mkhitaryan M, Sahakyan E, Fereshetyan K, Meguid NA, Hemimi M, Nashaat NH, Yenkoyan K. Linking Environmental Chemicals to Neuroinflammation and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanisms and Implications for Prevention. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03941-y. [PMID: 38296898 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This article explores the potential link between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), neuroinflammation, and the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neuroinflammation refers to the immune system's response to injury, infection, or disease in the central nervous system. Studies have shown that exposure to EDCs, such as bisphenol A and phthalates, can disrupt normal immune function in the brain, leading to chronic or excessive neuroinflammation. This disruption of immune function can contribute to developing neurological disorders, including ASD. Furthermore, EDCs may activate microglia, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and astroglia-mediated oxidative stress, exacerbating neuroinflammation. EDCs may also modulate the epigenetic profile of cells by methyltransferase expression, thereby affecting neurodevelopment. This article also highlights the importance of reducing exposure to EDCs and advocating for policies and regulations restricting their use. Further research is needed to understand better the mechanisms underlying the link between EDCs, neuroinflammation, and ASD and to develop new treatments for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Meri Mkhitaryan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 0025, 2 Koryun str, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Elen Sahakyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 0025, 2 Koryun str, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Katarine Fereshetyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 0025, 2 Koryun str, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nagwa A Meguid
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- CONEM Egypt Child Brain Research Group, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Hemimi
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- CONEM Egypt Child Brain Research Group, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Konstantin Yenkoyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 0025, 2 Koryun str, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Liu Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Wu S, Peng C, Wang Y, Huang M, Che L, Sun R, Zhao X, Du Z, Liu W. Quantitative proteomics reveals the neurotoxicity of trimethyltin chloride on mitochondria in the hippocampus of mice. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:162-176. [PMID: 37838251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a potent neurotoxin widely used as a constituent of polyvinyl chloride plastic in the industrial and agricultural fields. However, the underlying mechanisms by which TMT leads to neurotoxicity remain elusive. In the present study, we constructed a dose and time dependent neurotoxic mouse model of TMT exposure to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in TMT-induced neurological damage. Based on this model, the cognitive ability of TMT exposed mice was assessed by the Morris water maze test and a passive avoidance task. The ultrastructure of hippocampus was analyzed by the transmission electron microscope. Subsequently, proteomics integrated with bioinformatics and experimental verification were employed to reveal potential mechanisms of TMT-induced neurotoxicity. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were done by using Metascape and GeneCards database respectively. Our results demonstrated that TMT-exposed mice exhibited cognitive disorder, and mitochondrial respiratory chain abnormality of the hippocampus. Proteomics data showed that a total of 7303 proteins were identified in hippocampus of mice of which 224 ones displayed a 1.5-fold increase or decrease in TMT exposed mice compared with controls. Further analysis indicated that these proteins were mainly involved in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport, proteasome degradation, and multiple metabolic pathways as well as inflammatory signaling pathways. Some proteins, including succinate-CoA ligase subunit (Suclg1), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (Nd5), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 (Ndufa4l2) and cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 (Coa7), which were closely related to mitochondrial respiratory electron transport, showed TMT dose and time dependent changes in the hippocampus of mice. Moreover, apoptotic molecules Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were up-regulated, while anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was down-regulated compared with controls. In conclusion, our findings suggest that impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain transport and promotion of apoptosis are the potential mechanisms of TMT induced hippocampus toxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Liu
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Siya Wu
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Caiting Peng
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Li Che
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Rongjing Sun
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Zuo Du
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Wenhu Liu
- School of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China.
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Pershina EV, Chernomorets IY, Fedorov DA, Arkhipov VI. Pharmacological Modulation of Excitotoxicity through the Combined Use of NMDA Receptor Inhibition and Group III mGlu Activation Reduces TMT-Induced Neurodegeneration in the Rat Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098249. [PMID: 37175959 PMCID: PMC10179112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the neuroprotective properties of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine, in combination with a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptors of Group III, VU 0422288. The treatment was started 48 h after the injection of neurotoxic agent trimethyltin (TMT) at 7.5 mg/kg. Three weeks after TMT injection, functional and morphological changes in a rat hippocampus were evaluated, including the expression level of genes characterizing glutamate transmission and neuroinflammation, animal behavior, and hippocampal cell morphology. Significant neuronal cell death occurred in the CA3 and CA4 regions, and to a lesser extent, in the CA1 and CA2 regions. The death of neurons in the CA1 field was significantly reduced in animals with a combined use of memantine and VU 0422288. In the hippocampus of these animals, the level of expression of genes characterizing glutamatergic synaptic transmission (Grin2b, Gria1, EAAT2) did not differ from the level in control animals, as well as the expression of genes characterizing neuroinflammation (IL1b, TGF beta 1, Aif1, and GFAP). However, the expression of genes characterizing neuroinflammation was markedly increased in the hippocampus of animals treated with memantine or VU 0422288 alone after TMT. The results of immunohistochemical studies confirmed a significant activation of microglia in the hippocampus three weeks after TMT injection. In contrast to the hilus, microglia in the CA1 region had an increase in rod-like cells. Moreover, in the CA1 field of the hippocampus of the animals of the MEM + VU group, the amount of such microglia was close to the control. Thus, the short-term modulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by memantine and subsequent activation of Group III mGluR significantly affected the dynamics of neurodegeneration in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Pershina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Chernomorets
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Fedorov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Arkhipov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Gao Y, Liao W, Zhang R, Lei Y, Chen T, Wu L, Li M, Liu X, Cai F. PK2/PKRs pathway is involved in the protective effect of artemisinin against trimethyltin chloride-induced hippocampal injury. Toxicology 2023; 486:153432. [PMID: 36696940 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the important mechanisms of trimethyltin chloride (TMT) central neurotoxicity. Artemisinin (ARS) is a well-known antimalarial drug that also has significant anti-inflammatory effects. Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a small molecule secreted protein that is widely expressed in the nervous system and plays a key role in the development of neuroinflammation. However, it remains unclear whether ARS can ameliorate neuroinflammation caused by TMT and whether PK2/PKRs signaling pathway plays a part in it. In this research, male Balb/c mice were administered TMT (2.8 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of PK2, PKR1, and PKR2 proteins in the hippocampus. Network pharmacology was used to predict the intersection targets of ARS, central nervous system(CNS) injury and TMT. The neurobehavior of mice was evaluated by behavioral scores. Histopathological damage of the hippocampus was evaluated by HE, Nissl and Electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to identify the expression of synapse-related proteins (PSD95, SYN1, Synaptophysin), PK system-related proteins (PK2, PKR1, PKR2), and inflammation-related proteins (TNF-α, NF-κB p65). Immunohistochemistry showed that TMT resulted in elevated PK2 and PKR2 protein expression in the CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in mice, while PKR1 protein was not significantly altered. Network pharmacology showed that PK2 could interact with the intersectional targets of ARS, CNS injury, and TMT. ARS remarkably attenuated TMT-induced seizures and hippocampal histological damage. Further studies demonstrated that ARS treatment attenuated TMT-induced hippocampal ultrastructural damage, possibly by increasing the number of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as well as upregulating the levels of synapse-associated proteins (PSD95, SYN1, Synaptophysin). Western blotting results revealed that ARS downregulated TMT-induced TNF-α and NF-κB p65 protein levels. In addition, ARS also decreased TMT-induced protein expression of PK2 and PKR2 in the mouse hippocampus, but had no significant effect on PKR1 protein expression. Our results suggested that ARS ameliorated TMT-induced abnormal neural behavior and hippocampal injury, which may be achieved by regulating PK2/PKRs inflammatory pathway and ameliorating synaptic injury. Therefore, we suggest that PK2/PKRs pathway may be involved in TMT neurotoxicity and ARS may be a promising drug that can relieve TMT neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China; School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Wenli Liao
- Basic Medical School, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yining Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Manqin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Fei Cai
- School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
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Lee S, Ryu SM, Kim DH, Lee YE, Lee SJ, Kang S, Kim JS, Lee SI. Neuroprotective effect of Geijigadaehwang-tang against trimethyltin-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration: An in vitro and in vivo study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115451. [PMID: 35724744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Patients with dementia are diagnosed with deficiency patterns and interior patterns in traditional Chinese medicine due to decreased physical strength, mental atrophy including cognitive function, and decreased motor function in the gastrointestinal tract. Since "greater yin symptom" in Shanghanlun has been interpreted as interior, deficiency, and cold pattern in traditional Chinese medicine, it is necessary to determine whether Geijigadaehwang-tang (GDT) has therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying mechanism if it has such effects. AIMS OF THE STUDY Trimethyltin (TMT), a neurotoxic organotin compound, has been used to induce several neurodegenerative diseases, including epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GDT for TMT-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and seizures and to determine the mechanisms involved at the molecular level. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main components of GDT were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. TMT was used to induce neurotoxicity in microglial BV-2 cells and C57BL6 mice. GDT was administered at various doses to determine its neuroprotective and seizure inhibition effects. The inhibitory effects of GDT on TMT-induced apoptosis, inflammatory pathways, and oxidative stress pathways were determined in the mouse hippocampal tissues. RESULTS GDT contained emodin, chrysophanol, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, 6-gingerol, and liquiritin apioside. In microglial BV-2 cells treated with TMT, GDT showed dose-dependent neuroprotective effects. Oral administration of GDT five times for 2.5 days before and after TMT injection inhibited seizures at doses of 180 and 540 mg/kg and inhibited neuronal death in the hippocampus. In hippocampal tissues extracted from mice, GDT inhibited the protein expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3, and phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)-κB/total-NFκB ratio. Additionally, GDT inhibited the messenger RNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, caspase-1, interleukin-1β, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1. CONCLUSION This study's results imply that GDT might have neuroprotective potential in neurodegenerative diseases through neuronal death inhibition and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Mok Ryu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111, Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, 120-9, Dongsindae-gil, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Eun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, 120-9, Dongsindae-gil, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Jun Lee
- Jung-In Korean Medical Clinic, 5-10, Apgujeong-ro 46-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06018, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sohi Kang
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soong-In Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, 120-9, Dongsindae-gil, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea.
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Sinomenine Attenuates Trimethyltin-Induced Cognitive Decline via Targeting Hippocampal Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1609-1621. [PMID: 35543800 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine is the main bioactive ingredient of the medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum with neuroprotective potential. This study was designed to assess beneficial effect of sinomenine in alleviation of trimethyltin (TMT)-induced cognitive dysfunction. TMT was administered i.p. (8 mg/kg, once) and sinomenine was daily given p.o. 1 h after TMT for 3 weeks at doses of 25 or 100 mg/kg. Cognitive performance was assessed in various behavioral tests. In addition, oxidative stress- and inflammation-associated factors were measured and histochemical evaluation of the hippocampus was conducted. Sinomenine at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly and partially increased discrimination index in novel object recognition (NOR), improved alternation in short-term Y maze, increased step-through latency in passive avoidance paradigm, and also reduced probe trial errors and latency in the Barnes maze task. Moreover, sinomenine somewhat prevented inappropriate hippocampal changes of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl, nitrite, superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL 6), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, beta secretase 1 (BACE 1) activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with no significant effect on glutathione (GSH), catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In addition, lower reactivity (IRA) for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an index of astrocyte activity was observed and loss of CA1 pyramidal neurons was attenuated following sinomenine treatment. This study demonstrated that sinomenine could lessen TMT-induced cognitive dysfunction which is partly due to its attenuation of hippocampal oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Xi Y, Li H, Yu M, Li X, Li Y, Hui B, Zeng X, Wang J, Li J. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid on trimethyltin chloride-induced neurobehavioral dysfunctions in mice relying on the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:1535-1550. [PMID: 35072194 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is acknowledged to have potent neurotoxicity. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), the most abundant polyphenol in the human diet, is well-known for its neuroprotective activity. This investigation was performed to determine the effects and mechanisms of CGA on TMT-induced neurobehavioral dysfunctions. Mice received oral administrations of CGA (30 mg kg-1) for 11 days, in which they were intraperitoneally injected with TMT (2.7 mg kg-1) once on the 8th day. The daily intake of CGA significantly alleviated TMT-induced epilepsy-like seizure and cognition impairment, ameliorating hippocampal neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation. Oral gavage of CGA potentially exerted neuroprotective effects through JNK/c-Jun and TLR4/NFκB pathways. Microbiome analysis revealed that daily consumption of CGA raised the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in TMT-treated mice. SCFAs, the gut microbial metabolites associated with neuroprotection, were increased in the mouse hippocampus following CGA treatment. TMT-induced neurotransmitter disorders were regulated by oral gavage of CGA, especially DL-kynurenine and acetylcholine chloride. Additionally, neurotransmitters in the mouse hippocampus were found to be highly associated with the gut microbiota. Our findings provided research evidence for the neuroprotective effect of CGA on TMT-induced neurobehavioral dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - He Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Meihong Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xuejie Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Bowen Hui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiangquan Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Dragić M, Milićević K, Adžić M, Stevanović I, Ninković M, Grković I, Andjus P, Nedeljković N. Trimethyltin Increases Intracellular Ca 2+ Via L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Promotes Inflammatory Phenotype in Rat Astrocytes In Vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1792-1805. [PMID: 33394334 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the first responders to noxious stimuli by undergoing cellular and functional transition referred as reactive gliosis. Every acute or chronic disorder is accompanied by reactive gliosis, which could be categorized as detrimental (A1) of beneficial (A2) for nervous tissue. Another signature of pathological astrocyte activation is disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, a common denominator of neurodegenerative diseases. Deregulation of Ca+ signaling further contributes to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Trimethyltin (TMT) intoxication is a widely used model of hippocampal degeneration, sharing behavioral and molecular hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), thus representing a useful model of AD-like pathology. However, the role of astrocyte in the etiopathology of TMT-induced degeneration as well as in AD is not fully understood. In an effort to elucidate the role of astrocytes in such pathological processes, we examined in vitro effects of TMT on primary cortical astrocytes. The application of a range of TMT concentrations (5, 10, 50, and 100 μM) revealed changes in [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, TMT-induced Ca2+ transients were due to L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). Additionally, TMT induced mitochondrial depolarization independent of extracellular Ca2+ and disturbed antioxidative defense of astrocyte in several time points (4, 6, and 24 h) after 10 μM TMT intoxication, inducing oxidative and nitrosative stress. Chronic exposure (24 h) to 10 μM TMT induced strong upregulation of main pro-inflammatory factors, components of signaling pathways in astrocyte activation, A1 markers, and VGCC. Taken together, our results provide an insight into cellular and molecular events of astrocyte activation in chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milorad Dragić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Milićević
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adžić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanović
- Institute of Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninković
- Institute of Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadežda Nedeljković
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, Serbia
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Lee S, Seo YH, Song JH, Kim WJ, Lee JH, Moon BC, Ang MJ, Kim SH, Moon C, Lee J, Kim JS. Neuroprotective Effect of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis' Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020679. [PMID: 33445535 PMCID: PMC7827571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (PB)’ water extract (PBWE) ameliorates trimethyltin (TMT)-induced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of the PBWE in vitro, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was conducted in TMT-treated primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. In TMT-treated adult C57BL/6 mice, behavioral and histopathological changes were evaluated by seizure scoring and Fluoro-Jade C staining, respectively. In our in vitro assay, we observed that pretreating mice hippocampal neuron cultures with the PBWE reduced TMT-induced cytotoxicity, as indicated by the decreased LDH release. Furthermore, pretreatment with the PBWE alleviated seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration in TMT-treated mice. The antioxidant activity of the PBWE increased in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, pretreatment with the PBWE mitigated the TMT-induced Nrf2 stimulation. In addition, six major compounds, including adenine, hypoxanthine, uridine, adenosine, inosine, and benzoic acid, were isolated from the PBWE, and among them, inosine and benzoic acid have been confirmed to have an essential antioxidative activity. In conclusion, the PBWE ameliorated TMT-induced toxicity in hippocampal neurons in both in vitro and in vivo assays, through a potential antioxidative effect. Our findings suggest that the PBWE may have pharmacotherapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases such as seizures or epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Young Hye Seo
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Jun Ho Song
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Wook Jin Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.J.A.); (S.H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Sung Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.J.A.); (S.H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.J.A.); (S.H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Jun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.S.K.); Tel.: +82-61-338-7129 (J.L.); +82-61-338-7111 (J.S.K.)
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.S.K.); Tel.: +82-61-338-7129 (J.L.); +82-61-338-7111 (J.S.K.)
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10
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Protective Effects of Scolopendra Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Seizures in Mice. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120369. [PMID: 31842431 PMCID: PMC6955677 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound with potent neurotoxic action characterized by neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. This study evaluated the protective effects of a Scolopendra water extract (SWE) against TMT intoxication in hippocampal neurons, using both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Specifically, we examined the actions of SWE on TMT- (5 mM) induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons (7 days in vitro) and the effects of SWE on hippocampal degeneration in adult TMT- (2.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) treated C57BL/6 mice. We found that SWE pretreatment (0–100 μg/mL) significantly reduced TMT-induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Additionally, this study showed that perioral administration of SWE (5 mg/kg), from −6 to 0 days before TMT injection, significantly attenuated hippocampal cell degeneration and seizures in adult mice. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Iba-1 (Allograft inflammatory factor 1)- and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein)-immunostained cells revealed a significant reduction in the levels of Iba-1- and GFAP-positive cell bodies in the dentate gyrus (DG) of mice treated with SWE prior to TMT injection. These data indicated that SWE pretreatment significantly protected the hippocampus against the massive activation of microglia and astrocytes elicited by TMT. In addition, our data showed that the SWE-induced reduction of immune cell activation was linked to a significant reduction in cell death and a significant improvement in TMT-induced seizure behavior. Thus, we conclude that SWE ameliorated the detrimental effects of TMT toxicity on hippocampal neurons, both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our findings hint at a promising pharmacotherapeutic use of SWE in hippocampal degeneration and dysfunction.
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11
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Neuroprotection of Andrographolide Against Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Injury and Oxidative Damage in PC12 Neurons. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2619-2630. [PMID: 31562575 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide from leaves of Andrographis paniculata has been known to possess various bioactivities. In the present study, we aimed to explore the neuroprotection of andrographolide against inflammation-mediated injury and oxidative damage. In initial studies, our findings showed that pretreatment with andrographolide could effectively reduce neuronal cell death caused by LPS-induced conditioned supernatants. The further results indicated that this neuroprotective effect may be mainly due to the inhibition on the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS, iNOS and enhancement of expression of anti-inflammatory marker CD206. Moreover, mechanism study revealed that the anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide may be related to the suppression of nuclear translocation of NF-κB as well as the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1. Our study also showed that andrographolide could scavenge ROS and protect PC12 cells against H2O2- and 6-OHDA-mediated oxidative damage. In addition, several derivatives of andrographolide were prepared for evaluating the role of 3, 14, 19-hydroxy group on anti-inflammatory effect and cytoprotection of andrographolide. In conclusion, andrographolide protected neurons against inflammation-mediated injury via NF-κB inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 activation and resisted oxidative damage via inhibiting ROS production. Our results will contribute to further exploration of the therapeutic potential of andrographolide in relation to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Effect of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Extract on Neurodegeneration Improvement: Ameliorating Role in Cognitive Disorder Caused by High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061319. [PMID: 31212845 PMCID: PMC6628174 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to estimate the possibility of using an ethyl acetate fraction from Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus (EFAD) on metabolic syndrome that is induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). It was demonstrated that EFAD suppresses lipid accumulation and improves insulin resistance (IR) caused by Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in in-vitro experiments using the 3T3-L1 cell. In in-vivo tests, C57BL/6 mice were fed EFAD at 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight (BW) for four weeks after the mice were fed HFD for 15 weeks to induce obesity. EFAD significantly suppressed the elevation of BW and improved impaired glucose tolerance in obese mice. Additionally, this study showed that EFAD has an ameliorating effect on obesity-induced cognitive disorder with behavioral tests. The effect of EFAD on peripheral-IR improvement was confirmed by serum analysis and western blotting in peripheral tissues. Additionally, EFAD showed an ameliorating effect on HFD-induced oxidative stress, impaired cholinergic system and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are interrelated symptoms of neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease and central nervous system (CNS)-IR in brain tissue. Furthermore, we confirmed that EFAD improves CNS-IR by confirming the IR-related factors in brain tissue. Consequently, this study suggests the possibility of using EFAD for the prevention of neurodegeneration by improving metabolic syndrome that is caused by HFD.
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13
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Schvartz D, González-Ruiz V, Walter N, Antinori P, Jeanneret F, Tonoli D, Boccard J, Zurich MG, Rudaz S, Monnet-Tschudi F, Sandström J, Sanchez JC. Protein pathway analysis to study development-dependent effects of acute and repeated trimethyltin (TMT) treatments in 3D rat brain cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:281-292. [PMID: 31176792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin is an organometallic compound, described to be neurotoxic and to trigger neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Previous studies associated TMT with the perturbation of mitochondrial function, or neurotransmission. However, the mechanisms of toxicity may differ depending on the duration of exposure and on the stage of maturation of brain cells. This study aim at elucidating whether the toxicity pathways triggered by a known neurotoxicant (TMT) differs depending on cell maturation stage or duration of exposure. To this end omics profiling of immature and differentiated 3D rat brain cell cultures exposed for 24 h or 10 days (10-d) to 0.5 and 1 μM of TMT was performed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of TMT associated toxicity. Proteomics identified 55 and 17 proteins affected by acute TMT treatment in immature and differentiated cultures respectively, while 10-day treatment altered 96 proteins in immature cultures versus 353 in differentiated. The results suggest different sensitivity to TMT depending on treatment duration and cell maturation. In accordance with known TMT mechanisms oxidative stress and neuroinflammation was observed after 10-d treatment at both maturation stages, whereas the neuroinflammatory process was more prominent in differentiated cultures than in the immature, no development-dependent difference could be detected for oxidative stress or synaptic neurodegeneration. Pathway analysis revealed that both vesicular trafficking and the synaptic machinery were strongly affected by 10-d TMT treatment in both maturation stages, as was GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. This study shows that omics approaches combined with pathway analysis constitutes an improved tool-set in elucidating toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Schvartz
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Walter
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Paola Antinori
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Neuroproteomics group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Jeanneret
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Tonoli
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florianne Monnet-Tschudi
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Sandström
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland.
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14
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Long J, Wang Q, He H, Sui X, Lin G, Wang S, Yang J, You P, Luo Y, Wang Y. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in trimethyltin-induced neuroinflammation. Brain Res 2019; 1718:186-193. [PMID: 31059678 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT), a neurotoxic organotin compound, is selectively localized within the limbic system. The mechanisms of TMT-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration include inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. Increasing evidence shows that the inflammatory response, mediated by activated inflammasomes, is involved in apoptosis and cellular dysfunction during brain injury. This study aimed to assess the role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in TMT-induced central nervous system (CNS) injury. In addition, the mechanisms underlying TMT neurotoxicity are similar to those involved in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases; hence, a study on TMT cytotoxicity may be informative for the understanding of human CNS diseases. Microglia were significantly activated in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus after TMT treatment. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, was induced both in vitro and in vivo. TMT treatment activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in the microglial cell line BV2. NLRP3 RNA interference significantly protected these cells from TMT-induced neuroinflammation. Our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key mediator of neuroinflammation and plays an important role in TMT-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Long
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Poisoning Treatment Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, No. 8 Dong da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guodong Lin
- Poisoning Treatment Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, No. 8 Dong da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Pengsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
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15
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González-Ruiz V, Schvartz D, Sandström J, Pezzatti J, Jeanneret F, Tonoli D, Boccard J, Monnet-Tschudi F, Sanchez JC, Rudaz S. An Integrative Multi-Omics Workflow to Address Multifactorial Toxicology Experiments. Metabolites 2019; 9:E79. [PMID: 31022902 PMCID: PMC6523777 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicology studies can take advantage of omics approaches to better understand the phenomena underlying the phenotypic alterations induced by different types of exposure to certain toxicants. Nevertheless, in order to analyse the data generated from multifactorial omics studies, dedicated data analysis tools are needed. In this work, we propose a new workflow comprising both factor deconvolution and data integration from multiple analytical platforms. As a case study, 3D neural cell cultures were exposed to trimethyltin (TMT) and the relevance of the culture maturation state, the exposure duration, as well as the TMT concentration were simultaneously studied using a metabolomic approach combining four complementary analytical techniques (reversed-phase LC and hydrophilic interaction LC, hyphenated to mass spectrometry in positive and negative ionization modes). The ANOVA multiblock OPLS (AMOPLS) method allowed us to decompose and quantify the contribution of the different experimental factors on the outcome of the TMT exposure. Results showed that the most important contribution to the overall metabolic variability came from the maturation state and treatment duration. Even though the contribution of TMT effects represented the smallest observed modulation among the three factors, it was highly statistically significant. The MetaCore™ pathway analysis tool revealed TMT-induced alterations in biosynthetic pathways and in neuronal differentiation and signaling processes, with a predominant deleterious effect on GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. This was confirmed by combining proteomic data, increasing the confidence on the mechanistic understanding of such a toxicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor González-Ruiz
- Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Domitille Schvartz
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jenny Sandström
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Julian Pezzatti
- Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Fabienne Jeanneret
- Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - David Tonoli
- Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Julien Boccard
- Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Florianne Monnet-Tschudi
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Park SB, Kang JY, Kim JM, Park SK, Park SH, Kang JE, Lee CJ, Kwon BS, Yoo SK, Lee U, Kim D, Heo HJ. Aruncus dioicus
var.
kamtschaticus
extract suppresses mitochondrial apoptosis induced‐neurodegeneration in trimethyltin‐injected ICR mice. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Bong Seok Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Uk Lee
- Division of Special Forest Products National Institute of Forest Science Suwon South Korea
| | - Dae‐Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Kyung Hee University Yongin South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
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17
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Kim J, Lee S, Kang S, Jeon TI, Kang MJ, Lee TH, Kim YS, Kim KS, Im HI, Moon C. Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Controls Morphine Reward by Glutamate Receptor Activation in the Nucleus Accumbens of Mouse Brain. Mol Cells 2018; 41:454-464. [PMID: 29754475 PMCID: PMC5974622 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between G-protein signaling and glutamatergic transmission within the brain reward circuits is critical for long-term emotional effects (depression and anxiety), cravings, and negative withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid addiction. A previous study showed that Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) may be implicated in opiate action in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the mechanism of the NAc-specific RGS4 actions that induce the behavioral responses to opiates remains largely unknown. The present study used a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knock-down of RGS4 in the NAc of the mouse brain to investigate the relationship between the activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors and RGS4 in the NAc during morphine reward. Additionally, the shRNA-mediated RGS4 knock-down was implemented in NAc/striatal primary-cultured neurons to investigate the role that striatal neurons have in the morphine-induced activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The results of this study show that the NAc-specific knockdown of RGS4 significantly increased the behaviors associated with morphine and did so by phosphorylation of the GluR1 (Ser831) and NR2A (Tyr1325) glutamate receptors in the NAc. Furthermore, the knock-down of RGS4 enhanced the phosphorylation of the GluR1 and NR2A glutamate receptors in the primary NAc/striatal neurons during spontaneous morphine withdrawal. These findings show a novel molecular mechanism of RGS4 in glutamatergic transmission that underlies the negative symptoms associated with morphine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Sueun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Tae-Il Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Man-Jong Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Key-Sun Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
| | - Heh-In Im
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
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18
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Ferraz da Silva I, Freitas-Lima LC, Graceli JB, Rodrigues LCDM. Organotins in Neuronal Damage, Brain Function, and Behavior: A Short Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 8:366. [PMID: 29358929 PMCID: PMC5766656 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of exposure to environmental contaminants have shown significant effects on brain function and behavior in different experimental models. The endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) present various classes of pollutants with potential neurotoxic actions, such as organotins (OTs). OTs have received special attention due to their toxic effects on the central nervous system, leading to abnormal mammalian neuroendocrine axis function. OTs are organometallic pollutants with a tin atom bound to one or more carbon atoms. OT exposure may occur through the food chain and/or contaminated water, since they have multiple applications in industry and agriculture. In addition, OTs have been used with few legal restrictions in the last decades, despite being highly toxic. In addition to their action as EDC, OTs can also cross the blood-brain barrier and show relevant neurotoxic effects, as observed in several animal model studies specifically involving the development of neurodegenerative processes, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this short review is to summarize the toxic effects of the most common OT compounds, such as trimethyltin, tributyltin, triethyltin, and triphenyltin, on the brain with a focus on neuronal damage as a result of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We also aim to present evidence for the disruption of behavioral functions, neurotransmitters, and neuroendocrine pathways caused by OTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ferraz da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Psychopharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Leandro Ceotto Freitas-Lima
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Cellular Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jones Bernardes Graceli
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Cellular Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carla de Melo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Psychopharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Tu THT, Sharma N, Shin EJ, Tran HQ, Lee YJ, Jeong JH, Jeong JH, Nah SY, Tran HYP, Byun JK, Ko SK, Kim HC. Ginsenoside Re Protects Trimethyltin-Induced Neurotoxicity via Activation of IL-6-Mediated Phosphoinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling in Mice. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3125-3139. [PMID: 28884396 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng), an herbal medicine, has been used to prevent neurodegenerative disorders. Ginsenosides (e.g., Re, Rb1, or Rg1) were obtained from Korean mountain cultivated ginseng. The anticonvulsant activity of ginsenoside Re (20 mg/kg/day × 3) against trimethyltin (TMT) insult was the most pronounced out of ginsenosides (e.g., Re, Rb1, and Rg1). Re itself did not significantly alter tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-ϒ (IFN-ϒ), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression, however, it significantly increases the interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. In addition, Re attenuated the TMT-induced decreases in IL-6 protein level. Therefore, IL-6 knockout (-/-) mice were employed to investigate whether Re requires IL-6-dependent neuroprotective activity against TMT toxicity. Re significantly attenuated TMT-induced lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species in the hippocampus. Re-mediated antioxidant effects were more pronounced in IL-6 (-/-) mice than in WT mice. Consistently, TMT-induced increase in c-Fos-immunoreactivity (c-Fos-IR), TUNEL-positive cells, and nuclear chromatin clumping in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were significantly attenuated by Re. Furthermore, Re attenuated TMT-induced proapoptotic changes. Protective potentials by Re were comparable to those by recombinant IL-6 protein (rIL-6) against TMT-insult in IL-6 (-/-) mice. Moreover, treatment with a phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002 (1.6 µg, i.c.v) counteracted the protective potential mediated by Re or rIL-6 against TMT insult. The results suggest that ginsenoside Re requires IL-6-dependent PI3K/Akt signaling for its protective potential against TMT-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Hien Thi Tu
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Quyen Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeung Lee
- Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chug-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Jeong
- Headquarters of Forestry Support, Korea Forestry Promotion Institute, Seoul, 07570, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang-Yen Phi Tran
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, 760000, Vietnam
| | - Jae Kyung Byun
- Korean Society of Forest Environment Research, Namyangju, 12014, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Ko
- Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon, 27136, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Lee S, Yang M, Kim J, Kang S, Kim J, Kim JC, Jung C, Shin T, Kim SH, Moon C. Trimethyltin-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration: A mechanism-based review. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125:187-99. [PMID: 27450702 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT), a toxic organotin compound, induces neurodegeneration selectively involving the limbic system and especially prominent in the hippocampus. Neurodegeneration-associated behavioral abnormalities, such as hyperactivity, aggression, cognitive deficits, and epileptic seizures, occur in both exposed humans and experimental animal models. Previously, TMT had been used generally in industry and agriculture, but the use of TMT has been limited because of its dangers to people. TMT has also been used to make a promising in vivo rodent model of neurodegeneration because of its region-specific characteristics. Several studies have demonstrated that TMT-treated animal models of epileptic seizures can be used as tools for researching hippocampus-specific neurotoxicity as well as the molecular mechanisms leading to hippocampal neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the in vivo and in vitro underlying mechanisms of TMT-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration (oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and neuronal death/survival). Thus, the present review may be helpful to provide general insights into TMT-induced neurodegeneration and approaches to therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative diseases, including temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueun Lee
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute for Environmental Science, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk 54538, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Juhwan Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Chaeyong Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
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21
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Fabrizi C, Pompili E, Somma F, De Vito S, Ciraci V, Artico M, Lenzi P, Fornai F, Fumagalli L. Lithium limits trimethyltin-induced cytotoxicity and proinflammatory response in microglia without affecting the concurrent autophagy impairment. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:207-213. [PMID: 27226005 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is a highly toxic molecule present as an environmental contaminant causing neurodegeneration particularly of the limbic system both in humans and in rodents. We recently described the occurrence of impairment in the late stages of autophagy in TMT-intoxicated astrocytes. Here we show that similarly to astrocytes also in microglia, TMT induces the precocious block of autophagy indicated by the accumulation of the autophagosome marker, microtubule associated protein light chain 3. Consistent with autophagy impairment we observe in TMT-treated microglia the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1, a protein specifically degraded through this pathway. Lithium has been proved effective in limiting neurodegenerations and, in particular, in ameliorating symptoms of TMT intoxication in rodents. In our in vitro model, lithium displays a pro-survival and anti-inflammatory action reducing both cell death and the proinflammatory response of TMT-treated microglia. In particular, lithium exerts these activities without reducing TMT-induced accumulation of light chain 3 protein. In fact, the autophagic block imposed by TMT is unaffected by lithium administration. These results are of interest as defects in the execution of autophagy are frequently observed in neurodegenerative diseases and lithium is considered a promising therapeutic agent for these pathologies. Thus, it is relevant that this cation can still maintain its pro-survival and anti-inflammatory role in conditions of autophagy block. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Fabrizi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pompili
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Somma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania De Vito
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Ciraci
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fumagalli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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22
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Magnolol protects against trimethyltin-induced neuronal damage and glial activation in vitro and in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:173-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kaplan BLF, Li J, LaPres JJ, Pruett SB, Karmaus PWF. Contributions of nonhematopoietic cells and mediators to immune responses: implications for immunotoxicology. Toxicol Sci 2016; 145:214-32. [PMID: 26008184 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxicology assessments have historically focused on the effects that xenobiotics exhibit directly on immune cells. These studies are invaluable as they identify immune cell targets and help characterize mechanisms and/or adverse outcome pathways of xenobiotics within the immune system. However, leukocytes can receive environmental cues by cell-cell contact or via released mediators from cells of organs outside of the immune system. These organs include, but are not limited to, the mucosal areas such as the lung and the gut, the liver, and the central nervous system. Homeostatic perturbation in these organs induced directly by toxicants can initiate and alter the outcome of local and systemic immunity. This review will highlight some of the identified nonimmune influences on immune homeostasis and provide summaries of how immunotoxic mechanisms of selected xenobiotics involve nonimmune cells or mediators. Thus, this review will identify data gaps and provide possible alternative mechanisms by which xenobiotics alter immune function that could be considered during immunotoxicology safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L F Kaplan
- *Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi St, Mississippi 39762, Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, California 94080, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 and Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Jinze Li
- *Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi St, Mississippi 39762, Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, California 94080, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 and Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - John J LaPres
- *Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi St, Mississippi 39762, Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, California 94080, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 and Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Stephen B Pruett
- *Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi St, Mississippi 39762, Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, California 94080, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 and Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Peer W F Karmaus
- *Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi St, Mississippi 39762, Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, California 94080, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 and Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
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24
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Lee S, Yang M, Kim J, Son Y, Kim J, Kang S, Ahn W, Kim SH, Kim JC, Shin T, Wang H, Moon C. Involvement of BDNF/ERK signaling in spontaneous recovery from trimethyltin-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity in mice. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:48-58. [PMID: 26772626 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) toxicity causes histopathological damage in the hippocampus and induces seizure behaviors in mice. The lesions and symptoms recover spontaneously over time; however, little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying this recovery from TMT toxicity. We investigated changes in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (BDNF/ERK) signaling pathways in the mouse hippocampus following TMT toxicity. Mice (7 weeks old, C57BL/6) administered TMT (2.6 mg/kg intraperitoneally) showed acute and severe neurodegeneration with increased TUNEL-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. The mRNA and protein levels of BDNF in the hippocampus were elevated by TMT treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TMT treatment markedly increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression in the mouse hippocampus 1-4 days after TMT treatment, although the intensity of ERK immunoreactivity in mossy fiber decreased at 1-8 days post-treatment. In addition, ERK-immunopositive cells were localized predominantly in doublecortin-positive immature progenitor neurons in the DG. In primary cultured immature hippocampal neurons (4 days in vitro), BDNF treatment alleviated TMT-induced neurotoxicity, via activation of the ERK signaling pathway. Thus, we suggest that BDNF/ERK signaling pathways may be associated with cell differentiation and survival of immature progenitor neurons, and will eventually lead to spontaneous recovery in TMT-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-740, South Korea
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Juhwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Wooseok Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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Kim J, Son Y, Kim J, Lee S, Kang S, Park K, Kim SH, Kim JC, Kim J, Takayama C, Im HI, Yang M, Shin T, Moon C. Developmental and degenerative modulation of GABAergic transmission in the mouse hippocampus. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 47:320-32. [PMID: 26394279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in synaptic plasticity. GABAergic transmission is also implicated in developmental and degenerative processes in the brain. The goal of the present study was to understand the developmental and degenerative regulation of GABAergic transmission in the mouse hippocampus by examining changes in GABA receptor subunit mRNA levels and GABA-related protein expression during postnatal development of the hippocampus and trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurodegeneration in the juvenile (postnatal day [PD] 24) and adult hippocampus (PD 56). During postnatal development, the mRNA levels of GABA A receptor (GABAAR) subunits, including α1, α4, β1, β2, and δ; GABA B receptor (GABABR) subunit 2; and the expression of GABA-related proteins, including glutamic acid decarboxylase, vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), and potassium chloride cotransporter 2 increased gradually in the mouse hippocampus. The results of seizure scoring and histopathological findings in the hippocampus revealed a more pronounced response to the same administered TMT dose in juvenile mice, compared with that in adult mice. The mRNA levels of most GABA receptor subunits in the juvenile hippocampus, excluding GABAAR subunit β3, were dynamically altered after TMT treatment. The mRNA levels of GABAAR subunits γ2 and δ decreased significantly in the adult hippocampus following TMT treatment, whereas the level of GABABR subunit 1 mRNA increased significantly. Among the GABA-related proteins, only VGAT decreased significantly in the juvenile and adult mouse hippocampus after TMT treatment. In conclusion, regulation of GABAergic signaling in the mouse hippocampus may be related to maturation of the central nervous system and the degree of neurodegeneration during postnatal development and TMT-induced neurodegeneration in the experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Juhwan Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Sueun Lee
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Park
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Heh-In Im
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea.
| | - Changjong Moon
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea.
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26
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Neuropharmacological Potential of Gastrodia elata Blume and Its Components. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:309261. [PMID: 26543487 PMCID: PMC4620291 DOI: 10.1155/2015/309261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research has been conducted in various fields in an attempt to develop new therapeutic agents for incurable neurodegenerative diseases. Gastrodia elata Blume (GE), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used in neurological disorders as an anticonvulsant, analgesic, and sedative medication. Several neurodegenerative models are characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, which lead to cell death via multiple extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. The blockade of certain signaling cascades may represent a compensatory therapy for injured brain tissue. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds isolated from natural resources have been investigated, as have various synthetic chemicals. Specifically, GE rhizome extract and its components have been shown to protect neuronal cells and recover brain function in various preclinical brain injury models by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The present review discusses the neuroprotective potential of GE and its components and the related mechanisms; we also provide possible preventive and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders using herbal resources.
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Trimethyltin-Induced Microglial Activation via NADPH Oxidase and MAPKs Pathway in BV-2 Microglial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015. [PMID: 26221064 PMCID: PMC4499416 DOI: 10.1155/2015/729509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is known as a potent neurotoxicant that causes neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation, particularly in the hippocampus. Microglial activation is one of the prominent pathological features of TMT neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how microglial activation occurs in TMT intoxication. In this study, we aimed to investigate the signaling pathways in TMT-induced microglial activation using BV-2 murine microglial cells. Our results revealed that TMT generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases the expression of CD11b and nuclear factor-κB- (NF-κB-) mediated nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α in BV-2 cells. We also observed that NF-κB activation was controlled by p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Moreover, TMT-induced ROS generation occurred via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in BV-2 cells. Interestingly, treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin significantly suppressed p38 and JNK phosphorylation and NF-κB activation and ultimately the production of proinflammatory mediators upon TMT exposure. These findings indicate that NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation activated p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which then stimulated NF-κB to release proinflammatory mediators in the TMT-treated BV-2 cells.
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